免疫英语试题及答案

免疫英语试题及答案
一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）
1. Which of the following is not a function of the immune system?
A. Defense against infections
B. Maintaining homeostasis
C. Tissue repair
D. Regulating blood pressure
2. The primary cells involved in the immune response are:
A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Stem cells
3. What is the main component of the innate immune system?
A. Memory cells
B. T-cells
C. Macrophages
D. B-cells
4. The process of an antigen binding to a specific antibody is known as:
A. Agglutination
B. Precipitation
C. Immune complex formation
D. Specificity
5. Which of the following is a type of adaptive immune response?
A. Inflammation
B. Phagocytosis
C. Complement activation
D. Immunological memory
6. The vaccine against COVID-19 is designed to:
A. Kill the virus directly
B. Boost the production of antibodies
C. Induce an immune response
D. Replace damaged cells
7. What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
A. To act as hormones
B. To provide structural support
C. To regulate immune responses
D. To transport nutrients
8. The term "autoimmune disease" refers to a condition where the immune system:
A. Fights against foreign pathogens
B. Suppresses its own function
C. Attacks the body's own tissues
D. Ignores harmful substances
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
A. Rapid response
B. Non-specificity
C. Lacks memory
D. Uses physical barriers
10. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is involved in:
A. Cell adhesion
B. Tissue repair
C. Presentation of antigens
D. Blood clotting
二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）
1. The immune system is divided into two main types: the
_______ and the _______.
2. An example of a non-specific immune response is _______.
3. The process where the immune system recognizes and remembers pathogens is known as _______.
4. Allergies are a type of _______ immune response.
5. The _______ is responsible for the presentation of
antigens to T-cells.
三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）
1. Explain the difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
2. Describe the role of the spleen in the immune system.
四、论述题（每题15分，共15分）
1. Discuss the importance of the immune system in maintaining health and preventing diseases.
五、答案
一、选择题
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. C
二、填空题
1. innate, adaptive
2. skin as a barrier
3. immunological memory
4. hypersensitive
5. antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
三、简答题
1. Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B-cells to neutralize pathogens in body fluids, while cell-mediated immunity involves T-cells directly attacking
infected cells or producing cytokines to regulate immune responses.
2. The spleen filters blood, removes old or damaged red blood cells, and is a site for the activation of immune cells, particularly in response to blood-borne infections.
四、论述题
1. The immune system is crucial for defending the body against infections and diseases. It recognizes and eliminates harmful pathogens, maintains internal balance, and prevents the development of tumors. A healthy immune system can also
adapt to new threats, as seen with the development of immunological memory after vaccination or infection.。