专题01：语言学习-备考2021高考英语主题阅读专练(解析版)

备战2021年高考英语主题阅读专练
专题01 语言学习
话题：
一、完形填空
阅读短文, 掌握其大意, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

Very few of us become fluent in another language by learning it in high school.
I went to university and then moved across the country to seek a 1 job, married and raised children. I made an effort to 2 the little bit of French I learned in school, but eventually I realized that this was really 3 . I was quite aware that new languages are best learned when young, and that our abilities in that regard decline with 4 .
However, just before my 50th birthday, I 5 French classes. After I was tested to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the introductory 6 . When I looked around at my first class, I was 7 that many of the students were learning French as a third, fourth or even fifth language.
Contrary to my 8 that learning a new language was impossibly difficult, there were people who learned new languages as a matter of course.While I had always thought of myself as a 9 learner, that was no longer the case. I 10 new vocabulary rather slowly.What I learned one week seemed to 11 as soon as I learned the next skill. I had to look up the 12 words and language structures over and over. Now, after several years of learning, I can listen to the news in French and 13 90% of it on the first try, read a novel if the
language isn't too 14 and hold up my end of a conversation if it doesn't go loo fast. I've learned so much beyond grammar and vocabulary. I've met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the 15 to make fools of themselves in order to learn something new. I've been taught by 16 and inspirational teachers from many comers of the world. Listening to the news as it is 17 to the people of France, I have a renewed understanding of how something can look 18 different from another viewpoint. I've learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of 19 . But most of all, I've learned that it is never too 20 to learn something new.
1．A．demanding B．temporary C．meaningful D．popular
2．A．understand B．review C．keep D．master
3．A．helpful B．pointless C．worthwhile D．necessary
4．A．health B．concern C．interest D．age
5．A．got ready for B．got on with C．signed up for D．fell in love with
6．A．level B．position C．attempt D．test
7．A．disappointed B．amazed C．annoyed D．excited
8．A．agreement B．research C．assumption D．conclusion
9．A．clumsy B．confident C．serious D．quick
10．A．absorbed B．consulted C．created D．recognized
11．A．go down B．pay off C．slip away D．build up
12．A．key B．same C．fresh D．complex
13．A．catch B．recite C．guess D．hear
14．A．changeable B．international C．difficult D．native
15．A．chance B．trick C．courage D．desire
16．A．energetic B．patient C．polite D．simple
17．A．announced B．sent C．returned D．presented 18．A．completely B．equally C．roughly D．slightly
19．A．challenging B．thinking C．living D．learning
20．A．slow B．impossible C．late D．inconvenient
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A
11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。

文章介绍了作者在50岁学习法语，历经几年的努力，终于大概掌握这门语言的过程。

同时，作者还介绍了自己一些感想和体会。

1．考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我上了大学，然后到全国各地寻找一份要求很高的工作，结婚，养育孩子。

A. demanding要求高的；
B. temporary暂时的；
C. meaningful有意义的；
D. popular流行的，受欢迎的。

根据前面“moved across the country”可知，作者大学毕业之后，到全国各地去找工作，由此推知，作者应该是想找一份好工作，根据常识可知，好工作往往“要求比较高”。

故选A。

2．考查动词词义辨析。

A. understand理解；B. review复习；C. keep保持；D. master精通，掌握。

根据常识可知，一个人在结婚有了孩子之后，如果日常生活中不再接触使用在学校里学的某种语言，那么这门语言就会被慢慢遗忘。

由此可知，该句想表达的意思是：作者在结婚之后想努力“保持”在学校学到的那点法语，但最后失败了。

故选C。

3．考查形容词词义辨析。

A. helpful有帮助的；B. pointless无意义的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. necessary 必要的。

根据but转折可知，作者想保持在学校学的那一点法语，但最终失败了。

所以他意识到自己的努力是“没有意义的”。

故选B。

4．考查名词词义辨析。

A. health健康；B. concern关心；C. interest兴趣；D. age年龄。

根据前一句“new languages are best learned when young(学习新语言最好是在年轻的时候)”可以推知，语言学习能力会随着年龄的增长而衰退。

故选D。

5．考查动词短语辨析。

A. got ready for为……做好准备；B. got on with和……相处；C. signed up for报名参加；D. fell in love with爱上。

根据下一句“After I was tested to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the introductory ___6___”可知，作者经过测试被放到了入门级别。

故选C。

6．考查名词词义辨析。

A. level水平，级别；B. position职位，位置；C. attempt企图；D. test检测，测试。

测试结果表明作者属于入门级别。

故选A。

7．考查形容词词义辨析。

A. disappointed失望的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. annoyed恼怒的，生气的；D. excited
兴奋的。

许多学生都在把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五种语言来学习，这是出乎作者意料的，因此作者非常“惊讶”。

故选B。

8．考查名词词义辨析。

A. agreement协议，一致；B. research研究；C. assumption假定，设想；D. conclusion 结论。

学习一门新语言是非常困难的，这是作者初学这门语言时的“设想”。

故选C。

9．考查形容词词义辨析A. clumsy笨拙的；B. confident有信心的；C. serious严肃的；D. quick快速的。

根据下文中的“that was no longer the case ”和“rather slowly”可知，作者学习新词汇相当地慢。

由此推知，他原本认为自己是个学东西很快的人，实际情况并非如此。

故选D。

10．考查动词词义辨析。

A. absorbed吸收；B. consulted咨询；C. created创造；D. recognized认出。

作者学习新词汇的速度相当慢，即：作者“吸收”新词汇的速度慢。

故选A。

11．考查动词短语辨析。

A. go down下降；B. pay off还清；C. slip away逃走，悄悄溜走；D. build up建造。

根据前一句作者吸收新词汇速度慢可知，作者学会下一个技能，前一周刚学的东西就会被忘记，即：前一周学的东西“溜走”了。

故选C。

12．考查形容词词义辨析。

A. key关键的；B. same同样的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. complex复杂的。

前一句提到，作者很快就会忘记一周内学习的东西，所以他不得不反复的查找之前学过的“相同的”的单词和语言结构。

故选B。

13．考查动词词义辨析A. catch理解，抓住；B. recite背诵；C. guess猜测；D. hear听见。

该句展示的作者数年的学习结果。

因此，该处指作者听法语新闻时，一次可以“理解，听懂”90%的内容。

故选A。

14．考查形容词词义辨析。

A. changeable可改变的；B. international国际的；C. difficult困难的；D. native 本地的，本国的。

该句表达作者经过数年的学习，已经初步掌握了法语。

也就是说，作者能够看懂一般的法语。

故选C。

15．考查名词词义辨析。

A. chance机会；B. trick诡计，恶作剧；C. courage勇气；D. desire欲望，要求。

人们为了学习新东西，有敢于出丑的“勇气”，不怕在别人面前丢脸。

故选C。

16．考查形容词词义辨析A. energetic精力充沛的；B. patient有耐心的；C. polite有礼貌的；D. simple简单的。

该空和inspirational并列，修饰teachers，应用褒义词，且表示老师教学生，那么，“有耐心”更符合。

故选B。

17．考查动词词义辨析。

A. announced 宣布；B. sent派；C. returned返回；D. presented播出。

根据listening 可知，当新闻被播出时，作者听这些新闻。

故选D。

18．考查副词词义辨析。

A. completely完全地；B. equally平等地；C. roughly粗略地；D. slightly稍微地。

根据前面的“renewed understanding”可知，从另一个角度，我们对事物会有“完全”不同的新的理解。

故选A。

19．考查动词词义辨析。

A. challenging挑战；B. thinking思考，认为，想；C. living生活，居住；D. learning 学习。

根据常识可知，语言不仅仅是一套单词，而且是一种思维方式。

故选B。

20．考查形容词词义辨析。

A. slow慢的；B. impossible不可能的；C. late晚的，迟到的；D. inconvenient不方便的。

作者认为：学习新东西什么时候都不“晚”。

故选C。

二、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，然后从每小题选项中选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。

A
Learning a second language is tricky at any age and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book. Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”
Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.
“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.
1.The underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A．decrease B．rise C．end D．vary
2. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?
A．Children are too young to grasp a second language.
B．Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.
C．Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.
D．Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.
3. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?
A．Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.
B．Adults spend more time responding to new information.
C．Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.
D．Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.
4. The passage is mainly about __________.
A．the best age to learn a second language
B．the approaches to learning a second language
C．why kids learn a second language more easily than adults
D．whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves
【答案】
1.A
2. C
3. D
4. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章通过研究发现，介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会一门新的语言。

1.词义猜测题。

根据第一段划线词所在句“Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. ” 再根据第二段中“The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level
fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10.” 可知，此处表示的是10岁以后才学习第二语言想达到流利水平的机会就会下降，因此猜测划线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。

故选A项。

2.推理判断题。

根据第二段中“It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.以及第三段中“All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.” 可知，乔舒亚•哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。

故选C项。

3.细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult....” Hartshorne says.可知，成年人在学习第二语言时更应该选择身临其境的环境而不是在教室里。

故选D项。

4.主旨大意题。

根据第一段中“Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. ”；第二段中“The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10.” ；第三段中“Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons.”。

再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了研究发现了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。

因此选项C“why kids learn a second language more easily than adults”符合题意。

故选C项。

B
For the past few months, my three-year-old daughter has spent an hour every week learning a foreign language. She walks into a small room in a local school, where she and a handful of three and four-year-old spend the next hour dancing to “La Vaca Lola”, a song about a Spanish cow, creating finger puppets(木偶) to voice what they like and don’t like (me gusta, no me gusta) and shouting out which animals are big (grande) or small (pequeno).
She tells us little about the classes. In fact, for the first few weeks, nothing at all. I begin to wonder if it was a huge mistake (each lesson works out at about £9) but then I show her “La Vaca Lola” on YouTube. She shouts vaca with enthusiasm and with what I hope is a Spanish accent.
The wish to enroll(使……加入) her in language lessons came, like most things, gradually and then in a sudden rush. In my day job, I read and edit stories about the Chinese economy. For a long time, I felt that it would be good for her to learn another language but I had no great plan as to when.
Then I read Edward Luce’s The Retreat of Western Liberalism and all my thoughts and worry about the economy combined into a panic. Waking in a sweat, it seemed obvious that if my daughter was to have any kind of future, she would have to learn another language. Ideally (理想地) immediately.
I thought about Mandarin Chinese, one of the top 10 languages most important for our future, according to the British Council (others include Arabic, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Dutch and Japanese). But there were no classes for young children nearby. There were, however, local Spanish classes—the number-one language on the list. When she started to sing “Incy Wincy Spider” in Spanish and English—helped by a Spanish nursery worker-our decision was made.
5.What can we learn about the author’s daughter from the first paragraph?
A．She uses finger puppets to make her voice heard.
B．She is the oldest student in her Spanish class.
C．She learns Spanish by dancing to songs.
D．She has learnt Spanish for one month.
6. How did the author feel about her daughter’s class at first?
A．Proud.B．Surprised.C．Delighted D．Doubtful.
7. Why did the author ask her daughter to learn a foreign language?
A．To prepare her for the coming school education.
B．To equip her for her future.
C．To encourage her to have belief in herself.
D．To develop her interest in singing.
8. What made the author decide to enroll her daughter in Spanish lessons?
A．Her performance.B．Her great interest.
C．The nursery worker’s suggestion.D．The fast-growing economy.
【答案】
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者让自己的女儿学习一种外语的原因以及学习过程中出现的一些问题。

5. 细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“She walks into a small room in a local school, where she and a handful of three and four-year-old spend the next hour dancing to La Vaca Lola”可知，她和几个3、4岁大的孩子在一起通过唱歌跳舞学西班牙语。

故选C。

6. 推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“She tells us little about the classes I begin to wonder if it was a huge mistake (each lesson works out at about £9)”可知，作者的女儿从来不会谈起她的西班牙语课，这让作者很怀疑自己是否该给女儿报班学习。

故作者最初对女儿的课感觉是可疑的。

故选D。

7. 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“it seemed obvious that if my daughter was to have any kind of future, she would have to learn another language.”可知，作者认为自己的女儿若想有一个美好的未来就必须掌握一门外语。

故选B。

8. 细节理解题。

根据最后一段“When she started to sing “Incy Wincy Spider" in Spanish and English-helped by a Spanish nursery worker-our decision was made.”可知，是女儿的表现使作者决定让女儿学西班牙语。

故选A。

C
English is full of funny expressions that don’t always make sense. What do they mean? How do we use them? And where did they come from? Idioms are phrases and sentences that do not mean exactly what they say. Even if you know the meaning of each word you see or hear, you may not understand the idiom because you don’t understand the culture behind it. Here are some English idioms based on animals.
When children jump around and act silly, for example, their parents may tell them to stop “monkeying around”. To “monkey around” means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time.
But spending time playing with their family pets wouldn’t count as “monkeying around”. Many American families have a pet dog, which keeps the children company and makes them happy. Bu for some reason, which American language experts do not know, Americans use “dog” in a phrase that means to feel unwell. If you are “as sick as a dog”, you’re really, really sick and will have to stay home and rest or even go and see a doctor.
Apart from dogs, cats are also beloved in U.S. households. Sometimes you may hear them mentioned in Americans’ conversations, “I told you to keep that secret, but you have just ‘let the cat out of the bag’!” You probably guessed it — that idiom means to reveal a secret or tell facts that were previously unknown.
Dogs and cats don’t always get along, but they appear side by side in a commonly used idiom. When it rains heavily, people might say it’s “raining cats and dogs” outside.
Bad weather often ruins people’s plans for outdoor activities. But on a lovely day, they can go on an outing or have a picnic in the park. If a swarm of tiny bugs decide they love your picnic food and start to hover (盘旋) around you and your friends, then it would be really annoying, wouldn’t it? That experience perfectly explains why people
often tell someone who keeps bothering them to “stop bugging me”.
Idioms are very common in both spoken and written English, so learning them is very important. If you need to understand English, or if you want to speak or write natural-sounding English, you have to learn idioms.
9.According to Paragraph 1, idioms are_____.
A．phrases and sentences based on animals
B．expressions with rich cultural background
C．funny expressions that always make sense
D．the total sum of the meanings of the words
10. “Monkeying around” can be used to describe children_____.
A．jumping around and wasting time
B．doing something useful and serious
C．playing with monkeys with their parents
D．spending time playing with their family pets
11. What can be learned from the text?
A．Dogs and cats are friends by nature.
B．Bugs can be used to show your annoyance.
C．Americans believe cats can give away secrets.
D．Americans know the origin of the idiom “as sick as a dog”.
12. How does the text mainly develop?
A．By sharing experiences.B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing examples.D．By quoting experts' words.
【答案】
9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。

英语中有很多成语，即使你知道其中每一个单词的意思，你也可能不理解这个成语，因为成语的表达有着丰富的文化背景。

9. 细节理解题。

根据第一段“Even if you know the meaning of each word you see or hear, you may not understand the idiom because you don't understand the culture behind it.”可知，成语是有着丰富的文化背景。

故选B项。

10. 细节理解题。

根据第二段“When children jump around and act silly, for example, their parents may tell them to stop “monkeying around”. To “monkey around” means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time.”可知monkeying around可以用来形容孩子们乱蹦乱跳，浪费时间。

故选A项。

11. 推理判断题。

根据第六段“If a swarm of tiny bugs decide they love your picnic food and start to hover (盘旋) around you and your friends, then it would be really annoying, wouldn’t it?”可知，bugs可以用来表达你的烦恼。

故选B 项。

12. 推理判断题。

文章举出了一些基于动物的英语成语，如monkeying around，as sick as a dog，rain cats and dogs等，说明成语的表达有着丰富的文化背景。

因此文章是通过举出例子的方法来展开的。

故选C项。

三、七选五
阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有一项为多余选项。

There are many ways to improve your vocabulary. When working to do so，it's important to know your goals in order to best choose the way in which you want to learn. For instance, reading can be a great way to improve your vocabulary，but it won't be much help on a vocabulary test next week. 1.
Use a Thesaurus
2. Used by writers to help find just the right word，a thesaurus can also help English learners expand their vocabulary．You can use an online thesaurus which makes finding a synonym easier than ever．
3.
Create a list of vocabulary themes and include a definition and an example sentence for each new item．4. This will help you memorize new vocabulary because of the connections between these words and your chosen theme.
Use Technology to Help You
Watching movies or sitcoms is a great way to help you understand native speakers of English. Use the options of
watching individual scenes to make DVD use into a vocabulary learning exercise. For example, watch one scene from a movie in English only. 5. After that，watch the same scene in English with subtitles. Finally, watch the scene in English without subtitles. By watching the scene four times, you'll pick up a lot of idiom.
e V ocabulary Lists
B.Create V ocabulary Themes
C.Learning by theme emphasizes words that are related.
D.Next，watch the same scene in your native language.
E.A thesaurus is a reference book that provides synonyms and antonyms.
F.Next, use this vocabulary and write your own description of your position.
G.Here are a number of methods to help you improve and expand your English vocabulary.
【答案】
1.G
2. E
3. B
4. C
5. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍英语词汇有限突破的方法。

1.联系下文题。

根据上文“For instance, reading can be a great way to improve your vocabulary, but it won't be much help on a vocabulary test next week.”可知，从所举例子看，阅读并不是提高英语词汇量的最好方法，所以这里承上启下，将给读者介绍更多提高英语词汇量的方法。

G项：“这里有许多方法可以帮助您改善和扩展英语词汇。

”符合文意，故选G。

2.文章衔接题。

根据小标题Use a Thesaurus使用一本同义词典和下文“Used by writers to help find just the right word, a thesaurus can also help English learners expand their vocabulary.”可知，这里首先要向读者解释什么是同义词典。

E项：“一本同义词典是提供同义词和反义词的参考书。

”符合文意。

故选E。

3.段落理解题。

此处为本段小标题。

对比其它两个小标题也可知，小标题为动词原形开头的祈使句。

根据下文“Create a list of vocabulary themes and include a definition and an example sentence for each new item.”可知，选择项中Create Vocabulary Themes 与Create a list of vocabulary themes 一致。

B项：“创建词汇主题。

”符合文意。

故选B。

4.联系下文题。

根据下文“This will help you memorize new vocabulary because of the connections between these
words and your chosen theme.”可知，这里介绍通过主题记忆相关的新词汇。

C项：“主题学习强调与之相关的单词。

”符合文意。

选择项中的关键词theme与前后句和小标题一致。

故选C。

5.理解判断题。

根据本段及上文“For example, watch one scene from a movie in English only. ”可知，这里为通过观看电影片段学习英语词汇。

D项：“接下来，用您的母语观看相同的场景。

”符合文意。

选择项中的Next 与后文中的After that和Finally相承接。

故选D。

四、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

My English has never been very perfectly. I have many puzzles, especially on English grammar. I will be a senior-three student after the summer vacation. Concerned about my English, dad turned his teacher for help. Dad studied very poorly as young but failed to enter the university, which he regrets all his life. But he worships his English teacher whom retired last year. Thus, he sent me to his teacher, beg him to direct me in my English study. He is the real expert. Soon I was attracted by his rich knowledges. He cleared up my doubts one by one. To my excite, he gave me three books he had wrote about English study. I am like his grammar book very much.
【答案】1.perfectly→perfect 2.turned后添加to 3.but→and 4.whom→who/that
5.beg→begging
6.the→a
7.knowledges→knowledge
8.excite→excitement
9.wrote→written 10.去掉am
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要记叙了作者英语不好，于是在父亲的英语老师那里学习的事情。

1.考查形容词。

根据上文My English has never been可知，此处需要形容词perfect作表语。

故perfectly改为
perfect。

2.考查介词。

根据短语turn to sb.表示“求助于某人”。

故turned后添加to。

3.考查连词。

句意：爸爸年轻时学习很差，没能考上大学，这是他一生的遗憾。

结合句意可知，学习很差与没有考上大学是承顺关系，并非转折关系，需要使用并列连词and。

故but改为and。

4.考查定语从句。

此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人应用关系代词who或that。

故whom改为who或that。

5.考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，beg在句中应用非谓语动词，且与句子主语是主动关系，应用现在分词用作状语。

故beg改为begging。

6.考查冠词。

expert为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且real为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。

故the改为a。

7.考查名词。

knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

故knowledges改为knowledge。

8.考查名词。

根据短语to one’ s excitement意思是“使某人兴奋的是”。

故excite改为excitement。

9.考查动词时态。

根据上文he had可知，此处是过去完成时，需要用过去分词written。

故wrote改为written。

10.考查动词用法。

此处like是及物动词，意思是“喜欢”，不是介词。

故去掉am。