1.22英语直播班语法第四次课

三：非谓语
1）三大形式：
现在分词：doing 表示进行或者主动---改被动：being done ；表示时间先后having done --被动having been done
过去分词：done 表示被动或者完成
不定式：to do 表示目的或者将来被动：to be done
***做得语法成分：谓语外的所有成分都可以做
一个句子一共八个成分：主谓宾，定状补，表-同位语
主语：Studying makes me happy
To be admitted by/into the prestigious university is my very end目标
Done 不能做主语，不做宾语
2.形式主语：It is nice meeting you ；It is good to see you
3.There is no way arguing with her=there is no way to argue with her
宾语：I am fond of learning；enjoy learning
I am waiting to hear your answer
表语：He kept talking nonsense讲不通的
My job is to teach NPEE（National post-graduate entrance examination）English He looked shocked；surprised；amazed；astonished
定语：I saw him crossing the street
相关部门the relevant department；the concerning department；the department concerned
She （finally；in the end ；eventually ）made a decision that she would like to divorce her husband.
状语：He smiles，looking at you （stare st 盯着看glance at瞥了一眼glare at 怒视）
He looks embarrassed，stared at by those girls
（very+N 强调at this very moment；point due to the reason very ground that ）
I work hard to get my efforts paid off （pay off 有所回报；pay off the debts 付清）
同位语：My dream，to become a billionaire，has not come true yet.
***独立结构：两个部分分别有自己的逻辑主语
- The weather being fine，we decided to go hiking.
- The bus burned，few(little，modest，moderate，hardly，barely，merely，scarcely ) passengers survived
- The due day to come，she feels more than excited.
***非谓语的四大主要功能
1.做名词，在句中充当成分
2.做定语（定语从句，相互替代关系）
1）被关在监狱的那个嫌疑犯是他的亲戚（被关在监狱be put in prison；jail；behind bars ；be ground）
定：The suspect who；that was put in jail is his relative.
非谓语：The suspect （done）put in jail is his
relative.
2）明天要开的记者会被取消了hold；host；chair 主持
定：The press conference that will be held tomorrow is canceled；off
非谓语：The press conference to be held tomorrow is canceled；off
3）这场正在进行的足球赛相当精彩
定：The soccer game that is going on is incredibly（extremely，overwhelmingly，exceedingly）exciting.
非谓语：The soccer game going on is incredibly exciting.
4）这个已经完成了的任务曾经被认为是不可能完成的
定语: The mission that has been accomplished）was once regarded as an impossible challenge.
（be regarded as；be referred to as ）
非谓语：The mission （having been accomplished）accomplished was once ....
***非限制性非谓语
非限制性定语从句Mike got promotion in the corporate，which makes him beyond happy（欣喜若狂be wild with joy，be over the moon）非限制性非谓语：Mike got promotion in the corporate，making him beyond happy. 三．做插入语
1），...，；- ... -
（be bound to =be certain；destined ；meant 注定；be doomed to 一定，坏事）
(take measures；actions to do 代替moves，initiatives 措施)
（an unprecedented number of sth ；the overwhelming majority of ；mountains of ）翻译：当前很多年轻人抛弃老人的现象注定会越来越严重，如果政府不采取任何有效的措施
The phenomenon that an unprecedented number of youngsters abandon the old is doomed to be seriously encouraged if no initiatives were taken by the authority；administration
改写版一：主动
，an unprecedented number of youngsters
abandoning the old，
改写版二：被动
，the old being abandoned by an unprecedented number of youngsters ，
**四在加短语的结构中做动作
Eg：I really need to take incredible care of him because he looked after me back when I hit the bottom.我跌入谷底
Eg：I really need to take incredible care of him because of his looking after me back ...
翻译：城市人口的数量大幅度上升，而农村人口的数量急剧下降（proportion，percentage %）The number of the citizens jump；soar；rocket sharply（dramatically）while the amount of the rural folks drops；falls；plunges （be plunged into the abyss of sth陷入...的深渊）
----The number of the citizens rocket sharply with that of the rural folks dropping
**在对比中充当名词的替换，只能用一个that；those
非谓语答案：
AAACA BBDCB BBCCB CDBBA CBACA ADDBD CABDC DDCBC CDACC DDDDB DBDCD DCCAB
**pretend to do；pretend to be doing Pretend not to do
**warn sb to do ；not to do
**see sb doing；sb do ；done
**make sb do sth ，sb be made to do
**Easier said than done
**forget to do sth（未做）；doing （已做）**advise doing sth ；advise sb to do。