高二英语选修8学案：强调和倒装 含解析 精品

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倒装
主语和谓语有两种顺序:主语在谓语之前，称之为自然语序或陈述语序。

这是英语中最基本的、比较固定的语序。

反之，如果谓语在主语之前，则称为倒装语序。

倒装分为全部倒装(或称完全倒装)和部分倒装。

一、全部倒装
全部倒装就是整个谓语放在主语之前。

如
全部倒装主要有下列几种情况
1.在疑问句中。

如
Are you from America?
How old is your father?
Would you like tea or coffee?
如果疑问词在句中作主语，或主语的定语，就不倒装。

如
Who is going to give us a talk?
Which class is bigger?
2.在“there be” 结构中。

如
There seems to be
There once lived an old fisherman by the sea.
3.在以here,there,now,then等副词开头的句子中。

如
注:当主语是人称代词或指示代词时，不用倒装。

如
There he comes.
4.在描述一个情景时，为了描绘生动，常把作状语的副词in,out,down,up,away,off等放在句首，引起完全倒装。

如
注:上述句子中，如果主语是代词，则不用倒装。

5.在表示祝愿的句子中。

如
Long live friendship!
6.直接引语的一部分或全部在句首，有时也用倒装。

如
7.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接，常用倒装。

如
They arrive
二、部分倒装
部分倒装就是只将谓语中的一部分，通常是助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，其余部分仍放在主语之后。

如
Do you know English?
部分倒装主要有下列几种情况
1.在省略了if的虚拟条件句中。

如
Should he come, tell him to go to my office.
2.在以so,neither,nor开头，表示前面所说的情况也适应于另一个人或事物的句子中。

其句型是“so(neithe r,nor)+be(或have/助动词/情态动词)+主语”。

如
He likes rice.So do I.
3.以具有否定意义的词语，如hardly, little, never, not, not-only, no sooner...than, hardly (scarcely)...when, not until, seldom等开头的句子。

如
Little does he sleep every day.
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties,but also we should try our best to overcome
注:如果上述否定词语在句首仅对主语进行否定，其否定范围并不包括整个句子，则不用倒装。

如
Not ev
Not only he but also I am going abroad.
4.在以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句开头的句子时。

如
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.
5.在“so...that” 结构中so开头的句子中。

如
So fast did he speak that we could hardly follow him.
6.用作频度的状语如always,often,many a time等位于句首时。

如
Always did he come to help me when he had time.
Often did I advise him not to smoke.
Many a time has she given me good advice.
7.现在分词短语位于句首作方式状语时。

如Standing in the front of our classroom.
8.在表示祝愿的句子中。

如
May you succeed!。