高一生态系统英语阅读理解30题

高一生态系统英语阅读理解30题
1
<背景文章>
Rainforests are one of the most remarkable ecosystems on Earth. They are characterized by their lush vegetation, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. The tropical rainforest is a home to an incredibly diverse range of plant and animal species.
The biodiversity of rainforests is truly astonishing. There are thousands of different species of plants, from towering trees to delicate orchids. These plants provide food and shelter for a vast array of animals, including colorful birds, playful monkeys, slithering snakes, and many more. The complex web of life in the rainforest is a wonder to behold.
However, rainforests are facing numerous threats. Deforestation is a major concern, as large areas of rainforest are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban development. This not only destroys the habitats of countless species but also contributes to climate change. Another threat is illegal hunting and poaching, which can lead to the decline of certain species.
To protect rainforests, various measures need to be taken. Conservation organizations are working hard to raise awareness about the importance of rainforests and to promote sustainable practices.
Governments can implement laws and regulations to protect rainforests and punish those who engage in illegal activities. Additionally, individuals can make a difference by reducing their consumption of products that contribute to deforestation.
1. What is one of the characteristics of rainforests?
A. Low humidity
B. Scarce rainfall
C. Lush vegetation
D. Few plant species
答案：C。

原因：文章开头提到“Rainforests are characterized by their lush vegetation, high humidity, and abundant rainfall.”，热带雨林的特点之一是茂密的植被。

2. What provides food and shelter for animals in rainforests?
A. Rivers
B. Rocks
C. Plants
D. Clouds
答案：C。

原因：文中提到“These plants provide food and shelter for
a vast array of animals”，这些植物为大量的动物提供食物和庇护所。

3. What is a major threat to rainforests?
A. Tourism
B. Deforestation
C. Fishing
D. Mining
答案：B。

原因：“However, rainforests are facing numerous threats. Deforestation is a major concern”，热带雨林面临众多威胁，其中砍伐森林是一个主要问题。

4. What can lead to the decline of certain species in rainforests?
A. Legal hunting
B. Climate change
C. Illegal hunting and poaching
D. Natural disasters
答案：C。

原因：“Another threat is illegal hunting and poaching, which can lead to the decline of certain species.”，另一个威胁是非法狩猎和偷猎，这会导致某些物种的减少。

5. What can individuals do to protect rainforests?
A. Increase consumption of products that contribute to deforestation
B. Ignore the importance of rainforests
C. Support illegal activities
D. Reduce consumption of products that contribute to deforestation
答案：D。

原因：“Additionally, individuals can make a difference by reducing their consumption of products that contribute to deforestation.”，个人可以通过减少消费导致森林砍伐的产品来发挥作用。

2
<背景文章>
The grassland ecosystem is a complex and diverse biological community. It is composed of various organisms, including grasses, wildflowers, insects, small mammals, and large herbivores. The grasses are the dominant plants, providing food and shelter for many other organisms.
The ecological functions of grassland ecosystems are numerous. They help regulate the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. They also play a crucial role in water cycle, preventing soil erosion and maintaining soil fertility.
However, human activities have had a significant impact on grassland ecosystems. Overgrazing by livestock, conversion of grasslands to agricultural land, and urbanization have all led to the degradation of grasslands. This has resulted in the loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and increased desertification.
To achieve sustainable development of grassland ecosystems, several strategies can be implemented. One approach is to regulate grazing intensity and promote rotational grazing. This allows the grasslands to recover and maintain their productivity. Another strategy is to restore degraded grasslands through reforestation and the introduction of native plant species. Additionally, education and awareness campaigns can be conducted to promote sustainable land use practices among local
communities.
6. What are the dominant plants in grassland ecosystems?
A. Trees
B. Shrubs
C. Grasses
D. Wildflowers
答案：C。

原因：文章中明确提到“The grasses are the dominant plants”。

7. What role do grassland ecosystems play in the water cycle?
A. They increase evaporation.
B. They cause flooding.
C. They play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and maintaining soil fertility.
D. They help regulate the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
答案：C。

原因：文中提到“They also play a crucial role in water cycle, preventing soil erosion and maintaining soil fertility.”。

8. What has led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems?
A. Natural disasters
B. Lack of rainfall
C. Human activities
D. Animal migration
答案：C。

原因：“However, human activities have had a significant impact on grassland ecosystems. Overgrazing by livestock, conversion of grasslands to agricultural land, and urbanization have all led to the degradation of grasslands.”。

9. Which of the following is a strategy for sustainable development of grassland ecosystems?
A. Increasing livestock grazing
B. Converting grasslands to urban areas
C. Restoring degraded grasslands through reforestation
D. Ignoring the problem
答案：C。

原因：“Another strategy is to restore degraded grasslands through reforestation and the introduction of native plant species.”。

10. What is the result of the degradation of grasslands?
A. Increased biodiversity
B. Soil improvement
C. Loss of biodiversity and soil degradation
D. No impact
答案：C。

原因：“This has resulted in the loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and increased desertification.”。

3
<背景文章>
The marine ecosystem is a complex and fascinating world. It is
composed of various components that work together to maintain a delicate balance. The ocean is home to a wide range of organisms, from microscopic plankton to massive whales.
The structure of the marine ecosystem is hierarchical. At the base are the phytoplankton, which are tiny plants that perform photosynthesis and produce oxygen. Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton, and in turn, are eaten by small fish. Larger fish and marine mammals then prey on the smaller ones.
One of the most important organisms in the marine ecosystem is the coral reef. Corals are colonies of tiny animals that build hard skeletons. They provide a habitat for countless species of fish and other marine life. The health of coral reefs is crucial for the overall balance of the marine ecosystem.
However, the marine ecosystem is facing numerous challenges. Pollution from human activities, such as oil spills and plastic waste, is endangering many species. Climate change is also having a significant impact. Rising sea temperatures can cause coral bleaching, where corals expel the symbiotic algae that live within them and turn white. This can lead to the death of coral reefs.
In addition, overfishing is a major problem. When too many fish are caught, it can disrupt the food chain and cause a decline in the population of other species.
Protecting the marine ecosystem is essential for the survival of our planet. We need to take measures to reduce pollution, combat climate change, and manage fishing activities in a sustainable way.
11. What are phytoplankton?
A. Small animals.
B. Tiny plants.
C. Large fish.
D. Marine mammals.
答案：B。

原因：文章中明确提到“At the base are the phytoplankton, which are tiny plants that perform photosynthesis and produce oxygen.”。

12. What provides a habitat for countless species of fish and other marine life?
A. Zooplankton.
B. Small fish.
C. Coral reefs.
D. Larger fish.
答案：C。

原因：“One of the most important organisms in the marine ecosystem is the coral reef. Corals are colonies of tiny animals that build hard skeletons. They provide a habitat for countless species of fish and other marine life.”。

13. What is causing coral bleaching?
A. Oil spills.
B. Plastic waste.
C. Rising sea temperatures.
D. Overfishing.
答案：C。

原因：“Climate change is also having a significant impact. Rising sea temperatures can cause coral bleaching, where corals expel the symbiotic algae that live within them and turn white.”。

14. What is a major problem facing the marine ecosystem?
A. Pollution.
B. Climate change.
C. Overfishing.
D. All of the above.
答案：D。

原因：文章中提到“Pollution from human activities, such as oil spills and plastic waste, is endangering many species. Climate change is also having a significant impact. In addition, overfishing is a major problem.”。

15. Why is protecting the marine ecosystem essential?
A. For the survival of fish.
B. For the beauty of the ocean.
C. For the survival of our planet.
D. For economic reasons.
答案：C。

原因：“Protecting the marine ecosystem is essential for the survival of our planet.”。

4
<背景文章>
Lakes are important ecosystems that play a vital role in maintaining the balance of nature. A lake ecosystem consists of various components such as water, plants, animals, and microorganisms. The water in lakes provides a habitat for a wide range of aquatic organisms.
Plants in lake ecosystems include submerged plants, floating plants, and emergent plants. These plants provide food and shelter for many animals. Animals in lakes can be divided into different groups such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Microorganisms play an important role in breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients.
Lake ecosystems also provide many ecological services. For example, they help regulate the climate by absorbing heat and releasing moisture. They also help purify water by filtering out pollutants and sediments. In addition, lakes are important for recreational activities such as fishing, boating, and swimming.
However, lake ecosystems are facing many threats, especially from water pollution. Water pollution can come from various sources such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage. Polluted water can harm aquatic organisms and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem.
To protect lake ecosystems, various measures can be taken. For example, reducing pollution sources, implementing strict environmental
regulations, and promoting sustainable development. Additionally, public awareness and education can play an important role in protecting these valuable ecosystems.
16. What are the components of a lake ecosystem?
A. Water only.
B. Plants and animals only.
C. Water, plants, animals, and microorganisms.
D. Fish and amphibians only.
答案：C。

原因：文章中明确提到“A lake ecosystem consists of various components such as water, plants, animals, and microorganisms.”。

17. What role do plants in lake ecosystems play?
A. They provide food and shelter for animals.
B. They absorb heat and release moisture.
C. They break down organic matter.
D. They filter out pollutants and sediments.
答案：A。

原因：文中提到“Plants in lake ecosystems include submerged plants, floating plants, and emergent plants. These plants provide food and shelter for many animals.”。

18. What are some ecological services provided by lake ecosystems?
A. Regulating the climate and purifying water.
B. Providing food for humans only.
C. Hosting only recreational activities.
D. Producing industrial waste.
答案：A。

原因：“Lake ecosystems also provide many ecological services. For example, they help regulate the climate by absorbing heat and releasing moisture. They also help purify water by filtering out pollutants and sediments.”。

19. Where does water pollution in lake ecosystems come from?
A. Natural sources only.
B. Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage.
C. Recreational activities only.
D. Fish and other aquatic organisms.
答案：B。

原因：“Water pollution can come from various sources such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage.”。

20. What can be done to protect lake ecosystems?
A. Ignore pollution sources.
B. Implement strict environmental regulations and promote sustainable development.
C. Increase pollution.
D. Destroy aquatic organisms.
答案：B。

原因：“To protect lake ecosystems, various measures can be taken. For example, reducing pollution sources, implementing strict environmental regulations, and promoting sustainable development.”。

5
<背景文章>
Deserts are unique ecosystems with their own set of challenges and adaptations. In the desert, water is scarce, and temperatures can be extremely high during the day and very cold at night. Despite these harsh conditions, many organisms have found ways to survive.
One of the most remarkable adaptations is seen in desert plants. Some plants have developed deep root systems to reach underground water sources. Others have thick, waxy leaves that help reduce water loss through evaporation. The cactus is a prime example of a desert plant with unique adaptations. Its spines help protect it from predators, and its thick stem stores water.
Desert animals also have their own strategies for survival. Many desert animals are nocturnal, coming out at night when it is cooler and there is less risk of dehydration. Some animals have the ability to go for long periods without water. The camel, for example, can store large amounts of water in its humps and can go several days without drinking.
The desert ecosystem also has great ecological value. It provides habitats for a variety of unique species. Many of these species are adapted to survive in extreme conditions and may hold important clues for understanding how life can adapt to harsh environments. Additionally, deserts play a role in regulating the Earth's climate.
Protecting desert ecosystems is crucial. Human activities such as overgrazing, mining, and urban development can have a significant impact on desert habitats. Conservation efforts are needed to ensure the survival of these unique ecosystems and the species that depend on them.
21. Desert plants often have thick, waxy leaves to _____.
A. attract pollinators
B. increase photosynthesis
C. reduce water loss
D. store nutrients
答案：C。

原因：沙漠中水资源稀缺，植物的厚蜡质叶片有助于减少水分通过蒸发流失。

22. Many desert animals are nocturnal because _____.
A. it is safer from predators
B. the temperature is cooler
C. there is more food available
D. they can see better at night
答案：B。

原因：沙漠白天温度极高，夜晚较凉爽，许多沙漠动物在夜晚活动可以减少脱水的风险。

23. The camel can go several days without drinking because it can store water in its _____.
A. stomach
B. humps
C. blood
D. tissues
答案：B。

原因：骆驼的驼峰可以储存大量的水，使其能够在几天不喝水的情况下生存。

24. Deserts have ecological value because _____.
A. they are beautiful landscapes
B. they provide resources for humans
C. they regulate the Earth's climate
D. they are easy to explore
答案：C。

原因：沙漠在调节地球气候方面发挥着作用，具有生态价值。

25. Human activities that can harm desert ecosystems include _____.
A. planting trees
B. conserving water
C. overgrazing
D. building wildlife sanctuaries
答案：C。

原因：过度放牧、采矿和城市发展等人类活动会对沙漠栖息地产生重大影响，过度放牧会破坏沙漠生态系统。

6
<背景文章>
Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth. They provide a wide range of functions and services that are essential for the
survival of many species and for the well-being of human beings.
Wetlands act as natural filters, purifying water by removing pollutants and sediments. They also help to control floods by absorbing and storing large amounts of water during heavy rains. In addition, wetlands are home to a diverse array of plants and animals, many of which are unique and endangered.
However, wetlands are facing numerous threats. Human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and industrial development have led to the destruction and degradation of wetlands. Climate change is also having a significant impact on wetlands, causing sea level rise, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events.
To protect wetlands, it is essential to raise awareness about their importance and to implement effective conservation measures. This can include protecting wetland habitats, restoring degraded wetlands, and promoting sustainable land use practices.
26. Wetlands act as natural filters by ________.
A. producing pollutants
B. removing pollutants and sediments
C. increasing the amount of water
D. causing climate change
答案：B。

原因：文章中明确提到Wetlands act as natural filters, purifying water by removing pollutants and sediments.（湿地起着天然过
滤器的作用，通过去除污染物和沉积物来净化水。

）
27. What is one of the threats to wetlands?
A. Protecting wetland habitats
B. Restoring degraded wetlands
C. Climate change
D. Promoting sustainable land use practices
答案：C。

原因：文中提到Climate change is also having a significant impact on wetlands.（气候变化也对湿地产生重大影响。

）说明气候变化是湿地面临的威胁之一。

28. To protect wetlands, we should ________.
A. destroy wetland habitats
B. implement effective conservation measures
C. ignore the importance of wetlands
D. increase industrial development
答案：B。

原因：To protect wetlands, it is essential to raise awareness about their importance and to implement effective conservation measures.（为了保护湿地，必须提高对其重要性的认识并实施有效的保护措施。

）
29. Wetlands are home to ________.
A. a few plants and animals
B. only common species
C. a diverse array of plants and animals
D. no living things
答案：C。

原因：文中提到In addition, wetlands are home to a diverse array of plants and animals.（（此外，湿地是各种各样的动植物的家园。

）
30. Human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and industrial development have led to ________ of wetlands.
A. the protection
B. the improvement
C. the destruction and degradation
D. the expansion
答案：C。

原因：Human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and industrial development have led to the destruction and degradation of wetlands.（（人类活动如城市化、农业和工业发展导致了湿地的破坏和退化。

）。