高中英语2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题13特殊句式教案

特别句式在近几年高考中所占重量居中，各套中起码有一道小考特别句式。

主要考倒装句、省略代替、句以及感句和反意疑句。

一、倒装
口速：
副开要倒装，人称代如常。

only修副介状，位于句首半倒装。

否认意副
，“既不⋯⋯也不”需倒装。

表前置主，接自然常倒装。

such 代作表，惹起
主要倒装。

not only 开句，前一分句需倒装。

had ， were ， should 虚句，省略if 半倒装。

倒装分两：所有倒装和部分倒装。

所有倒装是将句子中的所有置于主从前。

、情或be 放在主从前。

部分倒装是指将的一部分如助或情
倒装至主从前。

假如句中的没有助或情，需增添助do, does 或 did ，并将其置于主从前。

1．所有倒装的状况
使用合例句注
(1)there引的存在句① There is a book in the bag.常有 be,e, lie,
② There came shouts for help happen,appear,seem,
from the river.stand,exist,live,
remain等。

(2) 在here,there,① Here es the bus. ② There ①谓语常是表示方向或away,in, out,down, goes the train.③ In rushed 位移的不及物动词lie, up, off,now,then 开 the children.④Now es your live, sit, stand, be,e,头的句子里turn.go, run, rise 等。

②主语(3) 介词短语或方向词① Between the buildings是人称代词时，不倒装。

组作地址状语位于句首stands a tall tree.② South of如：Here we are. There
the city lies a steel factory.he es.
③From the village came a
frightening sound.
使用处合例句
(4) 代词 such 作表语，① Such were the facts.
意为“这样的人，这样的② Such was Albert Einstein.物”，应置于句首
(5) 均衡句子构造或使They reached a farmhouse, in 上下文连接密切
front of which sat a small boy.备注
主谓一致主谓一致
2.部分倒装的状况
使用处合例句备注
(1)so, neither,nor 开头的①I
like sports,and so ①使用正确的助动词。

②
句子，表示“也同样、也不” does my brother.② If当 so 表示对前句内容的
you go, so will I.③ He
必定和附和时，用自然语
hasn't e, nor have his序。

如：—Tom works
sisters.④ If you don't hard. —So he does and
go, neither shall I.so do you. ( 他确实很用
功，你也是。

)
(2) 含有否认意的副(① Hardly can I believe little作形容，修主
，仍用正常序。

如：) ，如： never, seldom, that. ② Seldom does he
hardly, little, nowhere, by write to me.③By no Little Franzoften
no means, at no time等置 means shall we give up. played the piano.
于句首④ Little did I know who
he was.
使用合例句注
(3)only 修状(从 Only when the rain stopped did only 修主不倒装。

句 )，并置于句首，主the match start again.如： Only he can do it.
句中要部分倒装
(4)not only ⋯ butNot only should we study not only 引的部分要部(also)接⋯两个分句，science, but also we should pay分倒装，但 but (also) 部not only置于句首attention to politics.分不倒装。

若 not
only ⋯ but(also) 接⋯两
个主，句子不倒装。

使用合例句注
(5)Not until
① Not until yesterday主倒从不倒，即主⋯ Hardly⋯when⋯ No
sooner⋯ than⋯ So ⋯ that ⋯ Suchdid⋯I thatrealize⋯ what句部分用倒装
trouble he was in.
序，从句部分用
② Hardly had I entered述序。

the room when the
telephone rang. ③ So
angry was he that he
couldn't speak.④ Such
great progress did he
make that he was
praised.
(6) 省略 if 的虚条件句，将 were ，had, ①Were
he( ＝ If he 若条件句中不含
should移至主前were)here now, I were, had, should
could ask him.② Should不宜倒装。

he (＝ If he should)e,
tell him to ring me up.
使用合例句注
(7) 祝福句May you succeed！
(8)as 或 though 引①Young as he is, he
knows a ①though 引步状
步状从句惹起的倒装。

lot.从句也可不倒装。

② 表句型是：表 / 状 / ② Much as I like it,I will not 前的冠要省略。

如：
原形＋ as/though＋ buy it.③Try as he might， he Hero as he is,he has 主could not find a job.some shortings.
二、省略
在英语中，有时为了防止构造上或内容上的重复，并使上下文密切连结；有时由于语法
的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这类现象称为省略。

英语中的省略要求
不损坏语法构造，要保持句子意义的正确无误。

省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有
一种代替省略。

省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或详细语言环境中找到并且是有章可循的，英语
的省略大概有以下几种状况：
1．介词的省略
一些与动词、名词或形容词一同搭配的介词常省略，而保存后来的动名词。

常有的句型有：
spend some time (in) doing sth.；be busy (in) doing sth.；have difficulty (in) doing
sth.；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
2 ．连词 that的省略
I believe (that) he will e here.
It's a pity (that) he will leave this city.
3 ．定语从句与名词性从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略。

如：
The teacher (who/whom/that) I talked with was Mr. Meng.
(2) 在与 suggest, request, order, advise 等词有关的名词性从句中，应用虚构语气形式
“ should＋动词原形”，should 能够省略。

如：
She suggests that we (should) go at once.
4 ．动词不定式省略，只保存to 的场合。

不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常有的动词有expect, refuse, mean, like, love, hope，want等。

如：
He went home that day though he didn't want to.
三、反意疑问句
1．陈说部分含有must 的反意疑问句
当 must作“一定”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't ；当含有mustn't(不一样意、严禁)
时，其反意疑问部分用must ；当 must 表示推断，作“必定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式依据must 后边的动词形式确立。

如：
You must go now, needn't you?
你此刻一定走，能否是？
You mustn't smoke here, must you?
你不可以在这里抽烟，是吧？
You must have watched that football match last night, didn't you?你昨晚必定是看足球竞赛了，是吧？
2．陈说部分含有used to的反意疑问句
陈说部分含有used to时，其反意疑问部分用usedn't 或 didn't 均可。

如：
You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?
你过去经常踢足球，是吗？
3．陈说部分含有ought to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用 oughtn't 或 shouldn't 均可。

如：
He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he?
他应当参加会议，能否是？
4．否认词或半否认词的反意疑问句
当陈说部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否认词或半否认词时，疑问部分的动词用必定形式。

如：
He could hardly get up, could he?
他几乎起不来了，能否是？
5．陈说部分含有表示“否认”意义的前缀组成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否认式。

如：Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?
玛丽不喜爱体育运动，不是吗？
6．含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈说部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。

但当主句是：
I think ， I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine等构造时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动
词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。

如：
He said that he would e here on time, didn't he?
I don't think he will e here on time, will he?
7 ．祈使句的反意疑句
祈使句后加附带句，不表示反意，而表示一种气。

其构：否认祈使句，＋ will you?
必定祈使句，＋ will/won't you?Let's，⋯＋shall we?Let us，⋯＋will you？如：
Open the door, will you?
Let's go out for a walk, shall we?
Let us go to school, will you?
注意：
(1)反意疑句的回答
不要看怎样翻，只看所提到的事情能否生。

假如生了，用必定回答，否用否认回答。

如：当方你“You aren't a teacher, are you？”或“You are a teacher, aren't
you ？” ，假如你是老，回答“ Yes, I am.否，回”答“ No, I am not.”
(2)反意疑句的主和述部分的主在人称、数上需要注意的几种状况
反意疑疑部分
述部分主
部分主的数this, that it数例句
This is a bike，isn't it？
These are not your books, are
these, those they复数
they ？
everything,anything,
it数Nothing has happened, has it？something, nothing
反意疑疑部分
述部分主例句
部分主的数
everyone, everybody,
he 或
数或复
someone, somebody, no Nobody likes to be laughed at,
they( 更
数
one, anybody, anyone,does he/do they？
常 )
anybody, none, neither
不定式、名、主从
Learning English well takes a lot
it数
句、其余短of time, doesn't it？
① There is no doubt about it, is
数或复there ？
there be 句型there
数② There will be rain tomorrow,
won't there？
四、重申句
一个句子中除外的任何成分均可借助It be⋯that予以⋯ ，被部分置于be 以后。

无被的是人物地址是方式一律用that,只有人也可用
who 。

被的人称代主格或格如I /me ，其形式不行，即被的任何成分必
原封不地放到be 以后。

一个句子，假如将此中的It is/was ⋯that 去掉，在不加减任何
的状况下，序稍作整能组成一个完好正确的句子，便能够定句，否就不是句。

1．【】Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old.
【正】He began to learn English only when he was 30 years old.
【分析】当 only 和所修的状位于句首惹起部分倒装，假如不在句首，不
倒装，别的，当 only 用于修名或代，也不倒装，如：Only the grown-ups are allowed
to see the film.
2 ．【】Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions.
【正】Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions.
【分析】not only⋯but (also)的部分倒装，⋯其构：not only＋倒装序，but also
＋序不。

别的，当 not only⋯but also⋯位于句首接两个并列的主，主也不倒装，
如： Not only I but also she will get married next year.
3 ．【】—I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.
—So do I.
【正】—I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.
—So it is with me.
【分析】若前方为两个或两个以上的分句，表示不一样的主语与前方有关的各样状况
同样，常常用：
so it is/was with＋主语或许是it is/was the same with＋主语。

4 ．【误】 A child as/though he is, he is very brave.
【正】Child as/though he is, he is very brave.
【分析】由 as/though指引的表示“固然，只管”的退步状语从句用倒装语序，把从句的表语或状语等放在as/though的前方，可是假如从句中的表语是名词，其名词前不加任
何冠词。

5 ．【误】—Are you a sailor？—No, but I used to.
【正】—Are you a sailor?—No, but I used to be.
【分析】动词不定式的省略：在同一句或联系密切的对话里，常把不定式符
容同样的部分省略，只保存to ，但假如省略的不定式内容有作助动词用的have或to
be
后内
的任
何形式时，to后要保存原形have或 be 。

6．【误】—Are you and Jane getting married？—We hope.
【正】—Are you and Jane getting married？—We hope to.
【分析】动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时，为了防止重复，常承前省略不定式后的内
容，但要保存不定式符to 。

7 ．【误】I came not to scold but praise you.
【正】I came not to scold but to praise you.
【分析】在并列构造中为了防止重复，后一个to常省略，但两个不定式有比较或对照的意义时，则后一个to 不可以省略。

1． [2009·宁卷] ________ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly
famous.
A ． Such B． This C． That D． So
【答案】A
2 ． Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away________.
A ． fleeing the boy B． was fleeing the boy
C．the boy was fleeing D ．fled the boy
【答案】D
3 ． He is rather difficult to make friends with，but the friendship of his，________，is truer than any other.
A ． once gained B． when to gain
C．after gained D． while gaining
【分析】A是once it is gained的省略，句意：⋯⋯可是一旦得了和他的友，
要比其余人的要真得多。

4 ．Not until quite recently ________ that language is closely related to culture.
A ． he realized B． did he realize
C．had he realized D． he did realize
【分析】B not until引的短置于句首，后边要用部分倒装构，所以要清除A 和 D ；别的，句子中没有明的“ 去的去” 志，所以不可以用去达成，故 C 也得
清除。

5 ． Casey, ________ to the classroom and see who it is there.
A ． going B． go C． to go D ．gone
【分析】B有嘱咐口吻，且Casey呼，所以干祈使句，即以
原形开。

6 ． I don't suppose anyone will be willing to do the hard job, ________？
A ． do I B． don't I
C．will they D ．won't they
【分析】C I think/suppose/believe指引的宾语从句的反意疑问句，存在否认转移
的习惯，且反意疑问句的主语应与从句主语一致，选C。

7 ． [2010重·庆卷] At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River
________ ，one of the ten largest cities in China.
A ． lies Chongqing
B． Chongqing lies
C．does lie Chongqing
D． does Chongqing lie
【分析】 A 考察倒装句。

为了表示重申，把作状语的介词短语提到句首，此时句子采
纳完好倒装的语序。

8 ．Go straight into the cave and find out what's in it, ________？
A ． can't you B． don't you C． are you D．will you
【分析】D考察反意疑问句。

这是一个祈使句，对祈使句组成反意疑问句用will you?
9 ．[2010四·川卷] We laugh at jokes， but seldom ________ about how they work.
A ． we think B． think we
C．we do think D． do we think
【分析】D考察倒装用法。

seldom ， hardly ，never ， no 等拥有否认意义的词位于
句首句子用部分倒装语序。

10．—I've read three books this week.
—Well, maybe ________is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A ． this B． that C． there D ． it
【分析】D考句型的用法。

把“________ is和句中”的that省略后，句
仍旧建立，由此可知是句型的构，所以答案只好用it。

11． In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva，________a collection of laboratory buildings.
A ． lie B． are lying C ． lies D． lays
【答案】C
12． ________in the root of his family that he decided to make a trip to Africa for
further research.
A ． So interested Kunta was
B． So interested was Kunta
C．How interested Kunta was
D． Kunta was such interested
【分析】B考倒装句。

so⋯ that个固定句式中的so 及其修成分提到句首，
句子倒装，所以 B 正确。

13． [2010四·川卷] If you have a job ， ________yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A ． do devote B． don't devote
C．devoting D ．not devoting
【分析】A考祈使句用法。

If引从句，所以此填入能够组成主句的，
里是祈使句，do 表示。

14． ________for the worst in advance and you won't be disappointed.
A ． Prepare B． When preparing
C．Having prepared D ．If you prepare
【分析】A祈使句和and用相当于条件状从句的用法。

原句＝If you prepare for the worst in advance， you won't be disappointed.
15．—He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab， ________？
—That's quite possible.
A ． mustn't he B． won't he
C．doesn't he D． isn't he
【分析】D该题考察反意疑问句。

must be构造中的中心词应为be ，且 He must be in the lab相当于I think he is in the lab，故应用isn't he。

1． (2011厦·门市质量检查)It is t he test system ， rather than the teachers，________is to blame for t he students’heavy burden nowadays.
A ． who B． this
C．that
分析：考察重申句型。

本句重申的是主语D ．whom
the test system而不是 the teachers，
所以不可以用who ，只好用that 。

答案：C
2 ． (2011湖·南十二校第二次联考)________she is not so cheerful________she used to be?
A ． How is it that ；as B． Why is it that；what
C．Is it why ； that D ．How it is that； as
分析：考察重申句和状语从句。

第一空是重申句的特别疑问句部分；第二空为not so(as) ． ..as 固定句式。

依据第二空的搭配可清除B、C 两项；依据句意可知 A 项正确。

句意为：她怎么不像从前那样快乐了？
答案：A
3 ． (2011重·庆诊疗 )— I don’ t know________makes her different from others.
—Honesty ，I think.
A ． how is it that B． how it is that
C．what is it that D ．what it is that
分析：考察特别句式。

上一句的意思是“我不知道是什么让她独出心裁”， what it is that makes her different from others是 know的宾语从句，所以要用陈说语序。

从句
是一个重申句，被重申部分是主语what 。

答案：D
4 ． (2011 日·照市调研考试)I
’t know how many years ago________people began don
to stay at home and civilization began.
A ． it was when B． it was that
C．was it that D ．was it when
分析：考察重申句型。

语意是：我不知道是多少年古人们开始呆在家中，文明由此开始。

此句中被重申部分是how many years ago，去掉it was...that以后句子的正常语序是
nd civilization began。

I don’ t know how many years ago people began to stay at home a
答案：B
5 ． (2011福·建毕业班检查)—________made Daisy wild with joy?
—Her success in the A-level exam this year.
A ． How was it that B． When was it that
C．Why was it that D ．What was it that
分析：考察特别疑问句的重申句型。

特别疑问句的重申句构造为：特别疑问词＋be ＋it ＋ that，依据语意，此处表示“什么东西让 Daisy 惊喜若狂？”重申 what，应选 D 项。

答案：D
6 ． (2010 山·东潍坊月考 )Girls used to take fewer advanced match courses than boys but now they are taking just________.
A ． as much B． too much
C．as many D ．too many
分析：考察形容词的比较等级和省略。

本句增补完好为Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many advanced math
courses as boys. 故 C 项正确。

答案：C
7 ．(2010烟·台二模)They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went
on better than________.
A ． expected B． expecting
C．expectation D ．to expect
分析：考察省略句的用法。

能够将than expected当作是 than it was expected的省略。

better than expected为习习用法，表示“比预期的好”。

答案：A
8 ． (2010西·城 5 月 )Mary was only too ready to help others， seldom ， ________，refusing them when they turned to him.
A ． if never B． if not
C．if any D ．if ever
分析：考的用法。

后半部分是前半部分的一步明。

句意：是
于助人，假如有人向他求援，他极少拒人。

if ever“极少，得”，切合句意。

答案：D
9 ．(2010·州一模)The number of children who have lost parents to AIDS________to rise to over 26 million in 2011.
A ． are expected B． is expecting
C．are expecting D ．is expected
分析：本考主一致和。

定从句中的与先行保持一致，the number of意“⋯⋯的数目”，作主用数形式，清除 A 和 C；依据境
知，个数目会上涨，主与expect之是被关系，故 D 正确。

答案：D
10．(2010南·京第三次模)What a pity！All his property，the books，the pictures and the house，________consumed by the big fire.
A ． were B． was
C．had been D ．have been
分析：本考主一致和。

本句的主是All his property，property表示
，是不行数名，所以是数形式。

句中的the books， the pictures and the house是同位，property行充明。

事情生在从前，故用一般去。

答案：B
11． (2010烟·台四校考)________the instructions on the packet when you take
the drug and the drug， I think， will work soon.
A ． Follow B． To follow
C．Following D ．Followed
分析：考祈使条件句。

句意：假如你服的候依据包装上的明服用，我
种会很快起作用的。

此的祈使句中含有when引的状从句。

I think插入。

此句上是“祈使句＋ and/or＋述句” 构。

祈使句中要用原形。

答案：A
12． (2010 合·肥第三次教课)________and the problem could be settled.
A ． A bit more effort B． To make more effort
C．Making more effort D ．If you make more effort
分析：考察句式。

句中有并列连词and ，所以前方应当是一个完好的并列句，联合选
项此处应为“祈使句＋ and ＋陈说句”构造，前方的祈使句也可用名词取代。

句意为：再多一
点努力，问题就会获得解决。

答案：A
13 ． (2010 锦·州模拟 )John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center.
A ． have ； is being taken B． have ； has taken
C．has ； is taken D ．has ； have been taken
分析：考察主谓一致和动词时态，句意为：约翰同其余那些没有父亲母亲的孩子一同在这
此中心遇到很好的照料。

who 指引的定语从句修饰other children所以谓语动词应是复数；名词 1＋ as well as/besides/with/together with ect.＋名词 2 时，谓语动词要依据就远原则由名词 1 决定，所以第二空谓语动词为单数，约翰正在遇到照料，所以用此刻进行时的被动形式。

答案：A
14． (2010 东·城检测 )The number of people， who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade.
A ． rose B． is rising
C．have risen D ．has risen
分析：考察主谓一致和时态。

本句的主语是the number，所以谓语动词用单数； in the past decade表示时间从过去连续到此刻，即“十年来”，所以用此刻达成时。

答案：D
15 ． (2011 浙· 江金华十校联考 )Not until the press reported the pollution________why the water supply had been cut off.
A ． people did know B． people had known
C．had people known D ．did people know
分析：考察倒装句和时态。

Not until置于句首时，主句要用(部分 ) 倒装构造，由此能够清除 A 、 B 两项；此外，依据reported可知 C 项时态不正确。

答案：D
16． (2011 湖·南十二校第二次联考 )—We have to stop talking here outside.Listen，________！
—Hurry up， or we’ll be late.
A ． there goes the bell B． there does the bell go
C．there the bell goes D ．goes the bell there
分析：考察倒装句。

当here， there等表示方向的副词置于句首时，句子要倒装，
且用所有倒装。

答案：A
17． (2011 东·城练习二 )Only when Tom fully recovered________back to work.
A ． did he go B． he went
C．had he gone D ．he had gone
分析：此题考察倒装句型。

only位于句首，后边的句子需要部分倒装。

所以用 did he go。

答案：A
18． (2011 苏·锡常镇四市教课检查)Not only________know the theory ， but also ________learn how to apply it in practice.
A ． should we ； should we B． we should ； we should
C．should we ； we should D ．we should ； should we
分析：考察倒装句的用法。

not only置于句首时， not only所在部分要倒装， but also 部分仍用正常语序，所以 C 项正确。

答案：C
19． (2011 东·北三省四市联考 )Such a great event________that it will attract governments and people from across the world to Shanghai.
A ． is World Expo 2010
B． World Expo 2010 is
C．has World Expo 2010 been
D． World Expo 2010 has been
分析：考察倒装句。

在 such...that...构造中，当 such 置于句首时，句子要倒装，由
此能够清除B、 D 两项；依据从句谓语动词的时态可知， A 项正确。

答案：A
20 ．(2010 九·江地域联考 )Hardly________the phone________I was told that the
hotel had been booked full.
A ． I had picked up； when B． had I picked up； then
C．had I picked up； when D ．I had picked up； then
分析：考倒装句和固定句式。

本句使用了“hardly...when...句式”，表示“ 一⋯⋯就⋯⋯”；当否认副hardly放在句首，主句要用倒装构，所以C。

最近几年高考的填空部分有许多都呈“复合型”，一个中考两个或多个法知。

答案：C。