2019版高三英语外研版一轮教师用书：第1部分 选修8 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe

Module 5The Conquest of the Universe
(对应学生用书第231页)
[单词拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写要识记
1．accustomed adj.习惯的
2．burst v. 爆炸；迸发
3．view v. 看，观察
n. 观点；风景
4．acknowledge v. 承认；认为
5．accuse v. 指责
6．witness v．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历
7．decade n．十年
8．random adj.任意的；随机的
9．authority n．权力；权威
10．swear v．起誓保证
11．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛
12．latter n．(刚提及的两个人或物之中的)
后一个，第二个
13．abstract adj.抽象的
14．foresee v．预知；预见
15．broad adj.丰富的；广泛的
16．sympathy n．同情；同情心
17．consistent adj.一致的；吻合的
18．faith n．宗教信仰
19．dignity n．尊贵；尊严
20．stable adj.稳定的；安定的
21．deliberately ad v.蓄意地，故意地
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．assume v．假定，假设→assuming conj.如果→assumption n．假定，假设2．patience n．耐心→patient adj.忍耐的，有耐性的n.病人→patiently ad v.耐心地
3．depend v．依靠；取决于→dependent adj.依赖的→dependence n．依赖，依靠→independence n．独立
4．relief n．安慰；宽慰→relieve v t.安慰
5．devote v．献身，致力→devoted adj.忠诚的→devotion n．忠诚
6．consult v．咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．The doctor said patiently，“Just a little patience．I'm examining the patient．”(patient)
2．Mr.Black is my devoted friend.He devotes his life to doing scientific research.I respect his devotion to science.(devote)
3．It is assumed that hard work leads to great success，so we assume him to be successful.But assuming that he isn't that lucky，what shall we do to comfort him？(assume)
4．At first，Anne totally depended on Jack，her husband.After many years of struggle，she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)
[拓展联想]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．in spite of 不管
2．at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候
3．a series of 一系列的；一连串的
4．accuse sb.of sth. 指责/控告某人某事
5．pray for 祈望；祈求
6．be similar to 与……相似的
7．set in motion 使某事开始
8．make it 成功；准时到达
9．set out 开始做；着手进行
10．get/be accustomed to sth./doing sth.
习惯于
Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．A great many teenagers are/were accustomed to playing computer games，wasting their precious time.
2．How I wish that I could set out my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the Net.
3．Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times，he didn't make it．
4．He always did well at school in spite of having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
5．The conflicts between different ethnic groups caused a series of wars.
[拓展联想]
of our eyes lead to the inescapable
assumption that those strange beings who
landed in the New Jersey farmlands
tonight are the vanguard of an invading
army from the planet Mars.
was actually worth practicing.
(对应学生用书第232页)
精讲3个考纲单词
accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的
[教材原句]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.
自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。

(1)be accustomed to (doing)sth.＝be used to (doing) sth.
习惯于做某事(状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing)sth.＝get/become used to (doing)sth.
习惯于做某事(动作)
(2)accustom v t.使……习惯于
accustom oneself to (doing)sth.
使自己习惯于做某事
——他们很安静，不是吗？
－Yes.They are accustomed to not talking(talk) at meals.
——是的，他们习惯了吃饭时不说话。

②He had accustomed himself to climbing(climb) the steep mountain，so he had no difficulty reaching the top.已经习惯于爬陡峭的山，所以他到达山顶一点困难也没有。

链接写作【导学号：44040105】
我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。

①普通表达：I am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard to live in the city.
②高级表达：Accustomed to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city.(分词短语作状语)
③高级表达：Accustoming myself to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语)
assume v．假设，假定；担任，承担；认为
[高考佳句]Where unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.(江苏高考)在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以假定高犯罪率是由高失业率造成的。

(1)assume that... 假定，认为……
assume...to be... 认为……是……；假定……是……
(2)assumption n．假定；假设
(3)assuming that 假定……(作状语)
①We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
尚未证实他有罪，我们就必须假定他是清白的。

②Assuming(assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money？(朗文辞典)
假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
③A lot of people make the assumption(assume)that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。

链接写作
普通表达：People assume that stress is caused by too much work.
高级表达：It's generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.(it作形式主语)
表示“假设，假定”，相当于if的特殊形式：
①Suppose/Supposing that you are the manager of a shop，you are to consider how to manage it well.
假如你是一家商店的经理，你就要考虑如何将店经营好。

②Provided/Providing that you have made some progress in your study，you should not be proud.
假如你在学习上取得了一些进步，也不应该骄傲。

acknowledge v．承认；告知(收到)；确认；认为；感谢
[经典佳句]It is widely acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.人们普遍认为人与人之间的最短的距离是真诚的微笑。

(1)acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge sth./ that...从句承认……
acknowledge sb.as.../to be... 认为……是……(常用于被动语态)
(2) It is widely/universally acknowledged that...
大家公认……
pianists.
众所周知，郎朗被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一。

②With no solid evidence，he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen(steal) the lady's purse.
没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了这位女士的钱包。

链接写作
普通表达：People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(福建高考)
高级表达：It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(it作形式主语)
consult v．咨询；商讨；向……请教；查阅
[高考佳句]If you have any doubts about your health，you'd better consult your doctor at once.
(2015·天津高考)你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。

(1)consult sb.about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事
consult with sb.about sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事
(2)consult a map/the dictionary/one's notes/a doctor
查阅地图/查字典/查看笔记/找医生看病
(3)consultant n．[C]顾问；会诊医生
①Please don't consult a dictionary every time you meet a new word.
请不要每次遇到生词就查词典。

②You should consult with your parents about your future plans.
你应该与父母商量你的未来计划。

[名师点津]关于“查字典”的表达法有：consult a dictionary，refer to a dictionary，look up ...in a dictionary等。

链接写作
普通表达：After I consulted with my teacher，I decided on science as my main subject of study.
高级表达：Having consulted with my teacher，I decided on science as my main subject of study.(非谓语动词作状语)
诠释1个核心短语
accuse sb.of doing sth.控告/指责某人某事
[经典例句]He was accused of cheating in the competition by some people.
有些人指责他在比赛中作弊。

(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth.
指责/控告某人(做)某事
(2)the accused 被告
①The accused(accuse)was thought of as a murderer，but the judge found him innocent.那个被告被认为是谋杀犯，但是法官发现他是无罪的。

②The man who was accused of stealing the car said that he was innocent.
＝The man who was charged with stealing the car said that he was innocent.
被控告偷车的人说他是无辜的。

链接写作
普通表达：The woman was accused of stealing 1.2 million dollars and she was trying to find herself a lawyer.
高级表达：The woman accused of stealing 1.2 million dollars was trying to find herself a lawyer.(过去分词短语作定语)
(1)与accuse sb. of sth.意义相近的短语：
charge sb. with sth.控告/指责某人……
condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 谴责某人……
blame sb. for(doing) sth. 责备某人……
scold sb. for (doing) sth. 指责某人……
(2)类似accuse sb.of sth.的动词短语还有：
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
rid sb.of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
inform sb.of sth. 告知某人某事
cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病
(教材P69)Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.
尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。

本句为主从复合句，Incredible as it may seem是由as引导的让步状语从句，其中Incredible as it may seem＝Although it may seem incredible。

虽然苹果8手机很便宜，但因为过时了，很多人不愿意买它。

②Try as he might，he couldn't solve the problem.
尽管他想方设法，却未能解决这个问题。

③Teacher as he is，he can't know everything.
他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。

④Hard as he worked，he failed in the 2018 College Entrance Examination.
他学习很努力，但是没有通过2018年高考。

[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型—————————————————
(对应学生用书第234页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·安徽六校联考)This company was accused(accuse) of using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weightloss pills.
2．－Shall we go for a drink at one o'clock this afternoon?
－Sorry，I can't make it．Will two o'clock be OK?
3．In spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people，a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem.
4．－What about the two cars?
－This one is no more expensive(expensive) than that one.But the blue one uses less oil.
5．At last，the boy acknowledged stealing/having stolen(steal) the money from his mother's pocket.
6．Mary seems not to have learned(learn) the bad news，for she looks nice and happy.
7．The teacher will put forward a variety of questions，depending(depend) on your different answers.
8．(2017·浙江金华十校期末)Devoted(devote) to his teaching work all the time，and finding that he was really exhausted，the teacher decided to have a good rest.
9．It rained heavily the whole night.But much to my relief(relieve)，my daughter arrived home from the airport safe and sound.
10．(陕西高考)To work out the difficult maths problem，I have consulted(consult) Professor Russell several times.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is not an easy thing to get accustomed to live in a completely strange environment.live→living
2．This is assumed that keeping calm in an urgent time is a good quality.This－It 3．Child although he is，he likes to be treated like an adult.although→as或though
4．The famous doctor is going to set out performing the operation，so please keep calm.out→about
5．Assumed that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games，what will you do？Assumed→Assuming
(对应学生用书第235页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正根据P58
－59
确形式。

Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，people have become 2.accustomed(accustom) to the idea of space travel.All three astronauts made it 3.safely(safe) back to Earth，ing(use) a spaceship computer that was much less powerful 5.than the ones used by the average school students today.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed 6.to have lost(lose) its fear and wonder at the 7.amazing(amaze) achievement of people going up into space.But this was going to be a special flight and so lions(million) of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV.Sadly the Challenger had exploded in mid-air.It 9.happened(happen) so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at 10.the very beginning of its voyage into space.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．尽管我在这儿待了很久了，但我仍不习惯这儿的生活。

(as引导让步状语从句；be accustomed to)
2．我承认来这儿是我做的错误选择。

(acknowledge)
3．假设我再有一次机会，我会做出不同的选择。

(assume)
4．使我安慰的是朋友们常来看我。

(to one's relief)
5．尽管也有快乐，但我还是想回家乡。

(in spite of)
6．所以我必须耐心点，尽量习惯这儿的生活。

我想我能做得到。

(patience；
make it)
第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

Very long although I stay here，I am still not accustomed to the life here.I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here.Assumed I had a chance again，I would have a different choice.To my relieve，my friends often come to see me.In spite of some happiness，I still want to go back to his hometown.So I must try my best have patience and become used to the life here.I think I can make it.
【答案】
Very long although
as/though I stay here，I am still not accustomed to the life here.I
acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here.Assumed
Assuming I had a chance
again，I would have a different choice.To my relieve
relief，my friends often come to see
me.In spite of some happiness，I still want to go back to his
my hometown.So I must try
my best ∧
to have patience and become used to the life here.I think I can make it.。