高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes课时作业(含解析)新人教版必修1

课时作业(四) 必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Ⅰ.语音知识
1．bath
A．pace B．organize
C．chance D．major
2．prefer
A．merchant B．shelter
C．concert D．energy
3．shock
A．dozen B．soft
C．freedom D．postcard
4．pleasure
A．burst B．chest
C．vast D．usual
5．express
A．explanation B．exhibition
C．extreme D．extra
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．After the crash，an ambulance took the________(受伤者) to hospital immediately.
2．________(震惊) at the sad news，my aunt stood there still，not knowing what to say.
3．Her graduation from college was a great________(事件)．I did not want to miss.
4．It’s wrong for you to take________(遮蔽) under the tree in the storm.
5．Many people went to the________(灾难) area to help the victims as volunteers after the earthquake happened.
6．While I was cooking supper，the________(电) went off.
7．When the second earthquake happened，some of the________(援救) workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
8．On arriving there，we expressed our________(祝贺) to him on his success.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京名校阶段考试)—I wonder if I could make a living by writing.
—________？
A．Who cares B．How dare you
C．For what D．Why not take a chance
2．(2014·山西太原部分中学高三统一检测)It came as________shock that ________fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday，killing at least 5 people.
A．a；a B．a；/
C．/；a D．the；the
3．(2014·湖南师大附中一模)The first successful space walk in 2013 is an important historical________in Chinese history.
A．event B．matter
C．affair D．incident
4．(2014·江苏两校联考)According to the agreement，you________be fined if you fail to meet the goal.
A．will B．must
C．might D．shall
5．(2014·山东实验中学二模)You can never be________careful，the road is icy and slippery.
A．very B．too
C．quite D．rather
6．(2014·海口质检)I received his mother’s phone call at ten.Only then did I know that he was badly________in an accident the day before yesterday.
A．hurt B．injured
C．harmed D．wounded
7．You are so dependent that I’m afraid you can’t adjust yourself to________alone for a time.
A．leave B．leaving
C．be left D．being left
8．(2013·福建六校二模)His best movie，________won several awards，was about the life of Gandhi.
A．it B．that
C．where D．which
9．The rescue team has saved more than ten people________under the collapsed buildings since the earthquake occurred in Ya’an.
A．trapping B．to be trapped
C．trapped D．having trapped
10．The space suits can be adjusted so that the team can reproduce different
levels of gravity as if they________in space.
A．are B．has been
C．were D．had been
11．He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found________of them again.
A．neither B．either
C．each D．all
12．(2014·山西太原五中模拟)Some parents are just too protective.They want to________their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.
A．spot B．dismiss
C．shelter D．distinguish
13．(2014·兖州模拟)—Why do you look so worried?
—My computer broke down last week and my essay has been left________since.
A．finished B．prepared
C．done D．unfinished
14．(2014·厦门模拟)You will________your chances of getting a pay rise if you don’t work harder than others.
A．injure B．wound
C．harm D．ruin
15．(2014·安徽皖西四校二模)—Hi，Mum.I got promoted for my wonderful performance in my work.
—________
A．Congratulations！B．Best wishes.
C．Good luck. D．Don’t mention it.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2014·北京市朝阳区第一学期期末统一考试)
Mr Peter Johnson，aged twenty­three，battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water.He took the only escape route—through the boot.
Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.“Fortunately，the water began to come in only slowly，” Mr Johnson said.“I couldn’t force the doors open because they were jammed against the wails of the ditch and dared not open the windows because
I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr Johnson，a sweet salesman of Sitting Home，Kent，first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (笛) and hammering on the roof and boot.Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said，“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot.I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear，but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat，and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot.Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot lock.Fifteen minutes passed by.“It was the only chance I had.Finally_it_gave，but as soon as I moved the boot lid，the water and mud poured in.I forced the lid down into the mud and climbed up clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised，Mr Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby.Huddled in a blanket，he said，“That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible，police said last night.The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
1．Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr Johnson?
A．The hammer. B．The coin.
C．The seat. D．The horn.
2．We know from the passage that________.
A．Mr Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down
B．Mr Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road
C．Mr Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat D．Mr Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam 3．“Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that________.
A．at last the wrench went broken
B．the chance was lost at the last minute
C．the lock came open after all his efforts
D．luckily the door was torn away in the end
4．What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A．Driver Escapes through Car Boot
B．The Story of Mr Johnson，a Sweet Salesman
C．The Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident
D．Car Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route
B
(2013·四川省绵阳市第三次诊断)
Chelyabinsk，Russia—A meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2013，raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.
People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion，saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave，according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500 km east of Moscow.
The fireball，travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos，had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon，leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.
Car alarms went off，thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time.The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion，a very rare spectacle，also released a great explosive sound.
“I was driving to work.It was quite dark，but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said Viktor Prokofiev,36，a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.“I felt like I was blinded by headlights.”
The meteorite，which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron，entered Earth’s atmosphere and broke apart 30 km­50 km above ground according to Russia’s Academy of Sciences.
“The energy released when it entered the Earth’s atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes，” the academy said，“the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”
No deaths were reported but the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and clean­up workers were sent to Urals Region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease and help the victims.
The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured，at least 200 of them children，and most from broken pieces of glass.
5．What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?
A．It is a very huge ball made of iron.
B．It quickly broke apart on the ground.
C．It exploded over Russia’s Urals Region.
D．It’s similar to an A­bomb in weight.
6．The underlined word “smashed” in Para.1 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．broke B．melted
C．swallowed D．cleared
7．We can know from the passage that ________.
A．Moscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of Chelyabinsk
B．many houses were destroyed，with lots of people reported missing
C．Viktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare spectacle
D．the shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks
8．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
A．“Meteorite Rush” Begins in Russia
B．President Putin Orders Assistance
C．Meteorite Hits Russia,1,200 People Hurt
D．Meteorite Flies Quickly Across Russia
Ⅴ.书面表达
假设你是某中学的学生李华，在学校英语角给全校同学写一封倡议书，主题是“提倡节约，杜绝浪费，从我做起”。

内容主要包括：
1．珍惜粮食；2.不浪费学习、生活用品；3.合理使用零用钱。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear friends，
As we all know，one of today’s hot topics is to avoid wasting.
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.语音知识
1．C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．injured 2.Shocked 3.event 4.shelter 5.disaster
6．electricity 7.rescue 8.congratulations
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．解析：考查交际用语。

句意为：——我想知道我是否可以靠写作谋生。

——为什么不试一下？根据句意可知，应选D。

答案： D
2．解析：句意为：昨天发生在上海的一场火灾造成至少5人死亡，这真是让人震惊的事情。

“a shock”表示“一件让人震惊的事情”，故第一空用不定冠词a；“a fire”泛指“一场火灾”，故第二空也用不定冠词a。

答案： A
3．解析：考查名词词义辨析。

event指“大事件、国际事件或历史上的事件”，符合句意。

matter指“亟待考虑或解决的事情，也可称作问题”；affair指“个人或国家的杂事”；incident指“小事件或政治事变”。

答案： A
4．解析：考查情态动词。

句意为：按照协议，如果你没有达到目标，你将会被罚款。

shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的承诺、警告、命令等，符合句意。

答案： D
5．解析：考查副词用法。

否定词not、never等与too连用时，意为“再……也不为过，越……越好”，其他几项均无此用法。

答案： B
6．解析：在意外事故中受伤常用injure。

句意为：十点钟时我接到他母亲的电话。

直到那时我才知道他在前天的一次意外事故中伤得很严重。

答案： B
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。

主语You与leave是逻辑上的动宾关系；且adjust oneself to中的to为介词。

综合可知，应选D。

答案： D
8．解析：考查定语从句。

句意为：他最好的(那部)电影，获得了好几个奖，内容是关于甘地的生活。

分析句子结构可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句的引导词，从句缺少主语，且先行词为物，故用which。

答案： D
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。

more than ten people与trap构成逻辑上的被动关系，需用被动语态，可选B、C；再根据句中的has saved，知trap动作已经完成，故用过去分词。

句意为：自从雅安地震发生以来，这个救援小队已经从倒塌的建筑物下救出了10多个人。

答案： C
10．解析：考查虚拟语气以及as if的用法。

根据句中的can be adjusted，知这些队员现在还没在太空，是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故用were。

句意为：这些太空服可以调节以便队员们能模仿不同级别的引力，好像他们在太空似的。

答案： C
11．解析：句意为：战争中他发脾气且损害了健康；但现在两样都没有了。

根据题干中的temper和health，可知设空处指的是两者，故排除D项；each指两者或两者以上的每个，不合句意；题干中出现了never，故排除表否定的neither；never与either连用，表示全部否定，故为正确答案。

答案： B
12．解析：考查动词辨析。

根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。

A项表示“认出；发现”，B项表示“开除；解散”，D项表示“区分”，都不符合语意。

答案： C
13．解析：考查leave的用法及动词词义的辨析。

句式结构：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语，由上文中“看起来很着急”可知，论文应该还未完成，故选D项。

答案： D
14．解析：考查动词辨析。

ruin可用其引申含义，意为“毁坏”，此时其宾语通常是health，fame，chance等。

injure侧重身体上的伤害；wound侧重战场上的刀伤、枪伤等；harm指“对……有害”。

答案： D
15．解析：考查交际用语。

孩子因在工作中表现得好而得到提升，妈妈应该表示“祝贺”，所以选A。

答案： A
Ⅳ.阅读理解
语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。

文章主要讲述了Mr Johnson在自己的车意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事。

1．解析：细节理解题。

根据第四段Mr Johnson所说的话“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket”可知，是一枚硬币(coin)救了他的命，硬币对他极其重要。

答案： B
2．解析：推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句“Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.”可推知，可能是由于路滑导致了这起事故。

答案： B
3．解析：句意理解题。

根据第五段第二句“Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began t o work on the boot lock.”可知，文中画线的it指的是“the boot lock”，此处指他打开了锁。

答案： C
4．解析：标题概括题。

根据对文章的整体理解和第一段的概述可知，本文主要讲的是一位司机在意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事，故选A项。

答案： A
语篇解读文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1 200人受伤的事件。

5．解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2013”以及倒数第二段中的“rescue and clean­up workers were sent to Urals Region”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。

答案： C
6．解析：词义猜测题。

根据画线词所在句“causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people”以及第四段中的“thousands of windows were broken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。

答案： A
7．解析：细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time”可知D项正确。

答案： D
8．解析：主旨大意题。

第一段是本则新闻的主旨，C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1 200人受伤”，所以选C项。

答案： C
Ⅴ.书面表达
Dear friends，
As we all know，one of today’s hot topics is to avoid wasting.As a matter of fact，it is a very challenging but meaningful task.As a student，we may wonder what we should do.
In my opinion，we should begin with our daily life.First of all，we had better not waste food.For example，in the canteen，we should eat up what we have bought instead of throwing away leftovers.What’s more，it is better not to waste the notebooks when they are half blank.Also，we can make full use of paper and pencils as stly，it is suggested that we should use our pocket money wisely rather than spend it on something unnecessary.
In a word，we should take action immediately to advocate saving and avoid wasting.
Yours sincerely，Li Hua。