CAMPAGNE CASCADE简洁的级联
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CEFREM, ICM-CSIC, UB, UPM, IFREMER, LA, HCMR, LOV, LMGEM, LOMIC, UA
Wind-driven mixing and cooling of the upper layer of the ocean during winter
Cascading : Down-slope cascade of dense water formed along the coast
Moorings
CTD station and transect
Current, turbidity, and particle fluxes
ADCP current speed (cm/s)
ADCP Echo amplitude (count)
Large current (up to 90 cm/s), turbidity (up to 25 mg/l), and particles fluxes
Mixing
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Radiale L
General circulation and winds combine to predispose some part of a gyre to locally overturn
Sinking
Heat loss associated with the wind exceed some critical level and initiates convection
Preliminary Results of the CASCADE Cruise (Gulf of Lions)
CASCADE: CAscading, Storm, Convection, Advection and Downwelling Events
R/V l’Atalante, 01 - 23 March 2019
Spreading
Radiale M
After Helen Johns (/~helen/oodc.html)
Sinking and restratification of the water column, once the surface forcing decline
Depth (m)
500
Levantine Intermediate water
1000
New deep water
1500
Mixed layer depth
2000
Old deep water
2500
12.90 Potential 13.25 temperature (°C)
4 march 8 march
Export of existing dense water possible due to the occurrence of E-SE storms that flushed the shelf
Signature of dense water plume
Transect performed after the 1st storm (March 14, 2019)
Salinity
Turbidity
Oxygene
Temperature
2019 : warm and wet winter with weak formation of dense shelf water.
Open-Sea convection : Deepening of the mixed layer thickness in the open ocean
Situation for the Gulf of Lions
Quantification of the export of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic matter, as well as microorganisms (free and attached bacteria, phytoplankton)
Capping of newly formed deep water by Levantine intermediate water
Export of dissolved and particulate, organic and inorganic matter and bacterial activity (preserving in situ hyperbaric conditions) during and outside convective periods in old and new deep waters
Dispersion of newly formed deep mixed water
Transfer and sequestration of organic matter in the deep basin Response of deep ecosystems
Hints of pelagic ecosystem response to convection
=> validation of coupled models
Marin
Open-sea convection event
02 Feb - Chlorophylle 05 Mar - Chlorophylle
Difference phases of open-sea convection
Preconditionning
1st storm
2nd storm
Sediment traps samples (36h interval)
Export of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic matter, as well as microorganisms (free and attached bacteria, phytoplankton) on water, trap samples, and sediment
40 Current speed (cm/s)
30
20
10
0 Jan 2019
Jul 2019
Jan 2009
Jul 2009 Jan 2019
Jul 2019
Sinking and spreading
0
Rapid shift from a convective (homogenized) to a stratified regime within few days
13.3
13.2
Both mechanical
13.1
stimulation (current-
13.0
induced)
12.9
Number of photon per seconds
Pot. temperature (deg. C)
and
spontaneous stimulation (bacterial growth due to nutrients inputs from surface and sediment)
18 March - Turbidity
Suspended sediment concentration (mg/l)
(cm/s)
Monitoring of the storm In the Cap de Creus Canyon
2 days of fixed CTD YoYo-ing during the storm Transect after the storm Continuous recording with moorings
After Tamburini et al ( submitted to Science)
104
Bursts of deep (near-
103
bottom) bio-luminescence 102
measured by
photomultiplier following 10
convection events
0
0.15
Chlorophylle (µg/L)
Storm, Downwelling and Cascading Event
Simulation of bottom currents for March 13, 2019 (peak of the 1st storm)
10 March - Turbidity
Wind-driven mixing and cooling of the upper layer of the ocean during winter
Cascading : Down-slope cascade of dense water formed along the coast
Moorings
CTD station and transect
Current, turbidity, and particle fluxes
ADCP current speed (cm/s)
ADCP Echo amplitude (count)
Large current (up to 90 cm/s), turbidity (up to 25 mg/l), and particles fluxes
Mixing
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Radiale L
General circulation and winds combine to predispose some part of a gyre to locally overturn
Sinking
Heat loss associated with the wind exceed some critical level and initiates convection
Preliminary Results of the CASCADE Cruise (Gulf of Lions)
CASCADE: CAscading, Storm, Convection, Advection and Downwelling Events
R/V l’Atalante, 01 - 23 March 2019
Spreading
Radiale M
After Helen Johns (/~helen/oodc.html)
Sinking and restratification of the water column, once the surface forcing decline
Depth (m)
500
Levantine Intermediate water
1000
New deep water
1500
Mixed layer depth
2000
Old deep water
2500
12.90 Potential 13.25 temperature (°C)
4 march 8 march
Export of existing dense water possible due to the occurrence of E-SE storms that flushed the shelf
Signature of dense water plume
Transect performed after the 1st storm (March 14, 2019)
Salinity
Turbidity
Oxygene
Temperature
2019 : warm and wet winter with weak formation of dense shelf water.
Open-Sea convection : Deepening of the mixed layer thickness in the open ocean
Situation for the Gulf of Lions
Quantification of the export of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic matter, as well as microorganisms (free and attached bacteria, phytoplankton)
Capping of newly formed deep water by Levantine intermediate water
Export of dissolved and particulate, organic and inorganic matter and bacterial activity (preserving in situ hyperbaric conditions) during and outside convective periods in old and new deep waters
Dispersion of newly formed deep mixed water
Transfer and sequestration of organic matter in the deep basin Response of deep ecosystems
Hints of pelagic ecosystem response to convection
=> validation of coupled models
Marin
Open-sea convection event
02 Feb - Chlorophylle 05 Mar - Chlorophylle
Difference phases of open-sea convection
Preconditionning
1st storm
2nd storm
Sediment traps samples (36h interval)
Export of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic matter, as well as microorganisms (free and attached bacteria, phytoplankton) on water, trap samples, and sediment
40 Current speed (cm/s)
30
20
10
0 Jan 2019
Jul 2019
Jan 2009
Jul 2009 Jan 2019
Jul 2019
Sinking and spreading
0
Rapid shift from a convective (homogenized) to a stratified regime within few days
13.3
13.2
Both mechanical
13.1
stimulation (current-
13.0
induced)
12.9
Number of photon per seconds
Pot. temperature (deg. C)
and
spontaneous stimulation (bacterial growth due to nutrients inputs from surface and sediment)
18 March - Turbidity
Suspended sediment concentration (mg/l)
(cm/s)
Monitoring of the storm In the Cap de Creus Canyon
2 days of fixed CTD YoYo-ing during the storm Transect after the storm Continuous recording with moorings
After Tamburini et al ( submitted to Science)
104
Bursts of deep (near-
103
bottom) bio-luminescence 102
measured by
photomultiplier following 10
convection events
0
0.15
Chlorophylle (µg/L)
Storm, Downwelling and Cascading Event
Simulation of bottom currents for March 13, 2019 (peak of the 1st storm)
10 March - Turbidity