内燃叉车排放标准及国产叉车达标现状
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NO x和颗粒物的排放量分别比未采用排放标准前降低了31%和60%。
经过第Ⅱ阶段(2000—2006年)以后,2006—2008年间分阶段执行37~560kW发动机的第Ⅲ阶段,NO x和颗粒物的排放量比第1阶段分别再降低60%和40%,并计划在2011—2014年值及测量方法》和《DB11/18—2003非道路柴油机排气污染物限值及测量方法》。
标准等同采用了欧洲第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ阶段的排放限值,执行时间分别为2003年1月和2005年1月。
目前我国正在实施的GB20891—2007《非道路
作者简介:徐庆华(1964—),女,安徽人,高级工程师,学士,专业方向为叉车设计。
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机大都采用的是进口发动机。
由于进口发动机价格较高,使得整车成本增加,为满足不同的市场需求,价格较低的国产发动机也大量用在叉车上。
目前叉车常用的国产发动机对燃料等系统稍作调整,一般能够达到GB20891—2007第Ⅰ阶段的要求,但与欧美现行标准的要求还有相当大的差距,这并不是说排放发展来看,我们有理由相信非道路车辆用国产发动机的排放水平也会和汽车发动机一样,逐步与世界接轨。
通信地址:安徽省合肥市望江西路15号安徽叉车集团公司技术中心(230022)(收稿日期:2008-06-23)
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Construction Machinery and Equipment
Vol.39No.11
Abstracts in English
Emission Standard for Internal Combustion Forklifts as well as Standard Compliance Situation of Domestic Fork-lifts
Forforkliftswithinternalcombustionengineaspowersource,theiremissionsituationmainlydependsonthecontroloftheenginee-mission.Foreignanddomesticemissionstandardsofoff-roadve-hiclesarediscussedinthearticle.Whatalsopresentedaretimescheduleforemissioncontrolofoff-roadvehiclesinEuropeandAmericaaswellascontaminantlimitsandimplementingtimesfordieselenginesonoff-roadvehiclesspecifiedinGB20891-2007.Itispointedoutthattheenginesequippedonforkliftsshouldalsocomplywiththecharacteristicsverifiedbyenginetypeapprovals,i.e.theintakeairpressuredropshouldn'texceedthepressuredropstipulatedfortheengineverifiedbytypeapprovalandtheexhaustbackpressurealsoshouldn'texceedthebackpressurestipulated.Presentsituationofstandardcomplianceofdomesticforkliftsaredescribed.
Keywords:Internal combustion forklift;
Emission standard;Present situation
Application of Direct Torque Control Technology to Con-struction Machinery Industry and Its Prospective Outlook Directtorquecontroltechnologyisanewtypeofspeedcontroltechnology.Itfeaturesfasttorqueresponse,simpleandclearstructureaswellashighrobustnesssothatitisappliedtocon-structionmachineryindustryandotherindustriesandpositiveef-fectshavebeenobtained.Withthetechnology,highspeedcontrolaccuracyandfastdynamictorqueresponsecanbeobtainedandrealzero-speedfloatingstopofliftingandcrowdmechanismsareachieved.CombinedwithhighperformanceDSP(digitalsignalprocessing),digitaldirecttorquecontrolisrealized,whichspeedsupthedigitalprogressofdomesticconstructionmachinery.Do-mesticconstructionmachineryindustryinrapiddevelopmentpro-videsawiderspacefortheapplicationofdirecttorquecontroltechnology.Theresearchindirecttorquecontroltechnologywithautonomousintellectualpropertywillpromotehealthydevelop-mentofconstructionmachineryindustryandotherrelatedindus-tries.
Keywords:Direct torque control;
Construction machinery;
Autonomous intellectual property
Model CZL5154LS Asphalt Sprayer with Rear-located Engine
ModelCZL5154LSasphaltsprayerwithrear-locatedengineisanationalpatentproductfromChenzhouRoadBuildingMachineryWorks,Road-bridgeGroup.Maintechnicalparametersandstructuralfeaturesare:8mofthemaximumsprayingwidth,variouswidthscanbeobtainedby500mmincrementfromthebasiswidthof2m,9000Lofloadingcapacity,0.2L/m2oftheminimumspray-ingvolumeandwithawidersprayingvolumerange.Factorsinflu-encingthesprayingvolumeareanalyzed.Thespeedofasphaltpumponanasphaltsprayerwithrear-locatedenginewillnotbeinfluencedbyengineandhydraulicpumponthechassissothathighersprayingaccuracycanbeobtainedduetodecreasedinflu-encingfactors.Advantagesinasphaltsprayingvolumerangeandcontrolperformanceofsprayerswithrear-locatedengineareaf-firmedandtheirdevelopingtrendispointedout.Theoreticalbasisandmethodforthesprayertestaresuggested,whichprovidesref-erenceforthespray'soperation.
Keywords:Asphalt sprayer with rear-located engine;
Asphalt spraying volume;
Control scheme;Test data
An Electric Control System on a New Kind of Paver
Anelectriccontrolsystemfeaturingintelligence,informationandergonomicsisoneoftechnicaliconsforanasphaltconcretepavers;itisalsoahotpointinmarketcompetitionandfocustoimprovethebasicmachineperformances.SomenewdesignsinelectriccontrolsystemofmodelWTL9522paveraredescribed:CANbusasdatainteractionandCANbusdatasharing.Thesys-temfunctionsinclude:controlandmonitoringoftheengine,con-trolofmaterialconveyinganddistributing,controlofcompactionsystem,monitoringofpavementsmoothnessandmainparametersaswellasfailurediagnosis.Aseparateconsoleismoreconvenientforoperation.Thecontrolleranddisplayercanbeprogrammedin-dependentlytorealizehuman-computerinteraction.Thetravelsystemfeaturesautomatictrackingsteering,whichmakestheop-erationsimpleandprecise.Thesesystemsarenotonlyindepen-dentfromeachotherbutalsointerrelatedsothepaverbecomesmorecomfortandergonomical.
Keywords:CAN bus;
Material conveying and distributing device;
Compacting device;Leveling System;
PID control
Solving Method for Tilt Link Bending and Inadequate Bucket Rolling back of a Loader
Asanimportantpartofloader,theperformancesofworkattach-mentexertadirectinfluenceonworkefficiencyandeconomicin-dexesofthecompletemachine.Twofailuresofaworkattachment,tiltlinkbendingandinadequaterollingbackofthebucket,areanalyzed.Influencesofcustomeroperatinghabits,suchas"relying。