动词ing 定语 表语 宾语补主语

必修四Unit 3 语法动词ing ---作表语.定语.宾语补足语
动词ing形式是动词的一种谓语形式，有动词原形加ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词。

可以在句子中用作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。

一.用作表语。

1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语。

多表示一般性或抽象行为。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。

她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。

3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging,
inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。

The news is quite astonishing. 这个消息令人吃惊。

全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。

What worries me most is her staying too late every night. 是我最担心的是，她每天都工作很晚。

(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：
进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。

Mike is listening to music.迈克正在听音乐。

（当前正在进行的动作）
Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好的听音乐（说明主语的情况）
二. 作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。

①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

如：a swimming pool, drinking water
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method =a method for working 工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表
示经常性动作或当时的状态。

单个的动词-ing形式一般放在它所修饰的名词前. 相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换
The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋
The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。

a frightening story恐怖故事falling leaves 落叶
a smiling face 笑脸 a leading part 主角
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
注意：动词-ing形式与不定式作定语的区别：（详见第二单元）
①动词-ing作定语，多表示现在进行或经常性，习惯性的动作。

②不定式作定语，多表示将来发生的具体动作。

（不定式作定语，一定要后置）
I preferred staying in the house when it rained.
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.
2. 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

如果是动词-ing短语，则放在它所修饰的名词的后面。

表示存在的状态或者一般的情况，或强调与谓语动词同时或基本同时发生并进行，但是v.-ing的完成式一般作状语而不做定语。

如：The girl wearing a red rose on her head is my younger sister.
a boy swimming in the river 一个河里游泳的男孩
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

= They lived in a house which is facing south。

Do you know the boy playing basket? 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？
= Do you know the boy who is playing basket？
The man visiting Japan is my uncle。

正在访问日本的那个男人是我叔叔.
=The man who is visiting Japan is my uncle.
注意：如果动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则用动词-ing形式的被动形式。

The building being built there will be a supermarket. 那里正建的楼将是超市。

三.做宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。

动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
3. 这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中,后接宾语然后加上动词-ing,构成复合宾语结构,动词-ing充当宾补成分.
(1.) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see, taste, hear, feel, smell, find, watch, catch, notice, observe
look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）
I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。

I caught a stranger sliding into the manager’s office. 我看见一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。

When I woke up, I felt the whole earth shaking。

当我醒来，我感觉整个世界在晃动。

注意：see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring. 我们听见电话在响表示动作正在进行，
We heard the telephone ringing. 表示（或强调）动作的全过程。

(2.) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，后接动词-ing作宾补.常见的有have, set, find, keep, get, catch, leave 等+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）
We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。

I won‘t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。

You shouldn’t keep y our lights burning in the day. 你白天不应开灯。

This sets me thinking. 这使我思考.
Wang Ping won’t have Yonghui getting away with telling people lies. 王鹏不会放过永慧对人们撒谎。

注意：have+宾语+doing用于否定句中，表示允许，容忍的意思。

I won’t have anyone smoking i n here. 我不容许任何人在这里抽烟。

4. 在有些动词regard, describe, accept, think of, quote 之后,可由as引出动词-ing 词组作宾补.
They describe the film as being attractive. 他们说这电影很吸引人。

5. 用with的复合结构
With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty find ing the old man’s house.
有了那个人小男孩的指路，我们毫不费力就找到那老人的家。

语法练习：
1. My favorite cartoon character is Mi ckey Mouse. It’s so ____ that we often feel ______when we see it.
A. exciting, exciting
B. excited, exciting
C. exciting, excited
D. excited, excited
2. It’s no good ___________. You should give______________.
A. to smoke, it up
B. smoking , it up
C. smoking, up it
D. to smoke, up it
3. Snow was falling when they went they went along a path _____________ to the mountain.
A. to lead
B. led
C. leafing
D. being led
4. ---Tom said something strange at the conference. --- His remarks left me _________ about his real purpose.
A. wonder
B. wondering
C. wondered
D. wonders
5. ---My best friend’s in a bad mood. --- How about ______________ her some flowers?
A.giving
B. given
C. to give
D. give
6. ______________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
A. Having been misunderstood
B. Being misunderstood
C. Having misunderstood
D. Misunderstood
7. With two children ______________ middle school in the nearby town now, the parent are working hard.
A. to attend
B. attending
C. attended
D. having attended
8. I remember my father __ me to the seaside when I was a small child. We forgot __ a towel and I felt very cold.
A. taking, to take
B. to take, taking
C. take, taking
D. take, taken
9. Listen! Do you hear someone ______________________ for help?
A. calling
B. call
C. to call
D. called
10 They use computers to keep the traffic _________________ smoothly.
A. being run
B. run
C. to run
D. running
11. I smell something ________________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning
B. burnt
C. being burnt
D. to be burnt
12. — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
— Sorry, with so much work _______________ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
13. After the earthquake, the house made of wood remained __________________ where it is.
A. to stand
B. stood
C. stands
D. standing
14. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________________ the desert.
A. covering
B. covered
C. cover
D. to cover
15. There are hundreds of visitors ____________ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Vincent vanGogh’s
paintings.
A. waited
B. to wait
C. waiting
D. wait
16. The government plans to bring in laws ___ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their
children.
A. forced
B. forcing
C. to be forced
D. having forced
17. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _____ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.
A. to earn
B. to have earned
C. earning
D. earned
18. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV. There are pictures ______ in your mind instead
of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
19. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
20. The old man, ____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
21. Peter received a letter just now _____ his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said
B. says
C. saying
D. to say
22. Listen! Do you hear someone ____ for help?
A. calling
B. call
C. to call
D. called
23. --- Why do you look sad? --- There are so many problems ____.
A. remaining to settle
B. remained setting
C. remaining to be settled
D. remained to be settled
24. “We must keep a secret of the things ___ here,”the general said, ____ at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed; stared seriously
B. being discussed; seriously staring
C. to be discussed; seriously stared
D. discussed; to stare seriously
25. The news was ___, and there was a ___ look on her face.
A. shocking; frightening
B. shocked; frightened
C. shocking; frightened
D. shocked; frightening
26. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
27. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 remained
D. remaining 20 dollars
28. --- What is Mr Black? --- His job is ____ pancakes.
A. to be sold
B. sold
C. having sold
D. selling
29. These are the books ____ my brother.
A. belonged to
B. belonging to
C. that are belonged to
D. belong to
30. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ____ him it.
A. offered
B. offering
C. to offer
D. to be offered
31. Chaplin was very good at making jokes. He always had others _____.
A. laughed
B. to laugh
C. laughing
D. being laughed
32. The next thing he saw was smoke ____ from behind the house.
A. rose
B. rising
C. to rise
D. risen
33. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
34. A cool will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
35. The _____ boy was last seen ____ near the West Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的提示，用动词-ing形式完成下列句子
1. I don’t feel like ____________ ___________ ___________(弹钢琴). (play)
2. I ________________ _____________ ___________ (感觉有人藏在) behind the door just now. (feel)
3. I don’t think it possible ________ _______ _______ ________ _______ ________ (住在这么寒冷的地方).(live)
4. The most important thing is _________ _______ __________ ___________(寄送食物和水) there. (send)
5. My dream is ___________ ___________ ______________(成为一名宇航员) one day. (become)
6. Do you know the lady ____________________ ____________________(快乐地唱歌) on the stage? (sing)
7. Hearing ____________ _________ _____________(令人激动的消息), the children jumped with joy. (excite)
8. I was walking along the road slowly when I _________ _________ ________(听到有人喊) my name. (hear)。