最新新编英语语法教程Pronouns精品课件
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___should consult the career officers.
第十三页，共46页。
baby
When bathing a baby, always hold___ securely. My baby has got ___ first tooth.
第十四页，共46页。
Nouns of neuter gender
subjectivห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ case:
I, we, you, he, she, it, they, who,
whoever
objective case:
possessive case:
第十六页，共46页。
Subjective case or objective case?
General rule: subjective case -------subject objective case ------ object, obj. complement,
Everyone thinks ____ (he is, they are )the centre of the universe.
Wells is one of the editors who always __(take, takes) a leading role in ____(his, their) community.
see Exercise 8C
第十一页，共46页。
Concord in gender
GENDER? masculine, feminine, neuter, common It is a set of grammatical forms of nouns
(pronouns), determiners and adjectives that tell of the distinctions of sex or attribute. In modern English, only pronouns and nouns have gender distinctions.
a little, few, a few, other, another, all, one, both,
neither, either.
I have do much work this morning.
He has done much for his wife.
第七页，共46页。
Concord
be __ (she. her) turned out to be her sister.
第十七页，共46页。
General rule
It is difficult to predict __ (who, whom) will win the election.
Who’s knocking the door? – it’s __ (I/ me).
Dictatorship is the one of many evils which __(tend, tends) to perpetuate __(itself, themselves).
Either John or James, who are twins, __(have, has) left (his, their) sweater.
Comparative clause She is prettier than __(I/ me) He is clever than __ (we/ us) all.
第二十一页，共46页。
Minor sentence
Does anyone know where Tom lives? -- __(I/ me). / -- __ (I/ me) do.
第十九页，共46页。
Informality
Interrogative clause __ (who/ whom) did you want to nominate? I don’t know __ (who/ whom) you want to
nominate? Relative clause Will you go and see Carlos, __ (who/ whom) I
第二十二页，共46页。
Everybody/ nobody + but/ except…
第十页，共46页。
Concord in person
When it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean, most people just don’t make the effort. I’m a maintenance man for a department store. If you did make the effort help keep the public place where I work clean, we probably wouldn’t have a job.
Interrogative pronouns:
what
who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which,
Relative pronouns:
who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which, that,
as
第六页，共46页。
Indefinite pronouns:
As soon as the plane had hopped off, ___ picked up speed.
China is my motherland. __ has experienced huge changes during the past decades.
第十五页，共46页。
Pronoun case forms
believe will be glad to help you? The woman __ (who/ whom) we thought might
be her turned out to be her sister.
第二十页，共46页。
Informality
Cleft sentence It was __ (he/him) who did it.
Reflexive pronouns:
Reciprocal pronouns:
each other(‘s), one another(‘s)
第五页，共46页。
Demonstrative pronouns:
this, that, these, those, it, such, same
This book is yours, and that is mine.
Pronouns are words used instead of nouns, thus have nominal functions.
第三页，共46页。
Classification
personal, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite pronouns.
It was __ (I/ me) who am to blame. It was__ (I/ me) that they were talking about. Stanley had no doubt about __(who, whom) would be
elected minister of defense. Everybody, including __ (I, me), failed the test. She knows me better than __(he? him?).
Personal pronouns:
I/ me, we/ us, you, he/ him, she/ her, it,
they/ them
第四页，共46页。
Possessive pronouns:
my/ mine, our/ ours, you/ yours, his/
his, her/ hers, its/ its, their/ theirs
I recognized one of the girls, but I didn’t speak to her.
I recognized one of the girls who were caroling the other night.
第八页，共46页。
Concord in number
Normally: it, its, itself, they, them, their, themselves ? his, he, him, she, her, etc.
Once upon a time there was a wolf in sheep’s clothing, hiding ___ among a flock of ship.
第十八页，共46页。
Exceptions to general rule
1. informality
subjective case -------subject position objective case ------ other positions
2. minor sentence 3. everybody/ nobody + but/ except + pronouns
prep. complementation, etc. The woman __(who/whom) we thought to be
__(she, her) turned out to be her sister. The woman __ (who/ whom) we thought might
PRONOUNS
第一页，共46页。
1. classification
2. concord 3. case forms 4. reflexive pronouns
第二页，共46页。
Pronoun?
pro- ? a. supporting or approving of something. b. doing something instead of someone.
ANTECEDENT
a word, phrase or sentence that is represented by pronouns.
One must remember to remain very still when he attends a concert.
Professor Smith and I went to the States together. We stayed there for three weeks.
NUMBER: Antecedent: everyone, anyone, everybody,
anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody Pronoun?
第九页，共46页。
The cast is giving ___ (its, their) best performance tonight.
第十二页，共46页。
Nouns of common gender
man They were pronounced man and wife at the
altar. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal,… If a student needs advice about careers,
some, something, somebody,
someone; any, anything, anybody, anyone; no,
nothing, nobody, no one, none; everything,
everybody, everyone, each; much, many, little,
第十三页，共46页。
baby
When bathing a baby, always hold___ securely. My baby has got ___ first tooth.
第十四页，共46页。
Nouns of neuter gender
subjectivห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ case:
I, we, you, he, she, it, they, who,
whoever
objective case:
possessive case:
第十六页，共46页。
Subjective case or objective case?
General rule: subjective case -------subject objective case ------ object, obj. complement,
Everyone thinks ____ (he is, they are )the centre of the universe.
Wells is one of the editors who always __(take, takes) a leading role in ____(his, their) community.
see Exercise 8C
第十一页，共46页。
Concord in gender
GENDER? masculine, feminine, neuter, common It is a set of grammatical forms of nouns
(pronouns), determiners and adjectives that tell of the distinctions of sex or attribute. In modern English, only pronouns and nouns have gender distinctions.
a little, few, a few, other, another, all, one, both,
neither, either.
I have do much work this morning.
He has done much for his wife.
第七页，共46页。
Concord
be __ (she. her) turned out to be her sister.
第十七页，共46页。
General rule
It is difficult to predict __ (who, whom) will win the election.
Who’s knocking the door? – it’s __ (I/ me).
Dictatorship is the one of many evils which __(tend, tends) to perpetuate __(itself, themselves).
Either John or James, who are twins, __(have, has) left (his, their) sweater.
Comparative clause She is prettier than __(I/ me) He is clever than __ (we/ us) all.
第二十一页，共46页。
Minor sentence
Does anyone know where Tom lives? -- __(I/ me). / -- __ (I/ me) do.
第十九页，共46页。
Informality
Interrogative clause __ (who/ whom) did you want to nominate? I don’t know __ (who/ whom) you want to
nominate? Relative clause Will you go and see Carlos, __ (who/ whom) I
第二十二页，共46页。
Everybody/ nobody + but/ except…
第十页，共46页。
Concord in person
When it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean, most people just don’t make the effort. I’m a maintenance man for a department store. If you did make the effort help keep the public place where I work clean, we probably wouldn’t have a job.
Interrogative pronouns:
what
who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which,
Relative pronouns:
who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which, that,
as
第六页，共46页。
Indefinite pronouns:
As soon as the plane had hopped off, ___ picked up speed.
China is my motherland. __ has experienced huge changes during the past decades.
第十五页，共46页。
Pronoun case forms
believe will be glad to help you? The woman __ (who/ whom) we thought might
be her turned out to be her sister.
第二十页，共46页。
Informality
Cleft sentence It was __ (he/him) who did it.
Reflexive pronouns:
Reciprocal pronouns:
each other(‘s), one another(‘s)
第五页，共46页。
Demonstrative pronouns:
this, that, these, those, it, such, same
This book is yours, and that is mine.
Pronouns are words used instead of nouns, thus have nominal functions.
第三页，共46页。
Classification
personal, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite pronouns.
It was __ (I/ me) who am to blame. It was__ (I/ me) that they were talking about. Stanley had no doubt about __(who, whom) would be
elected minister of defense. Everybody, including __ (I, me), failed the test. She knows me better than __(he? him?).
Personal pronouns:
I/ me, we/ us, you, he/ him, she/ her, it,
they/ them
第四页，共46页。
Possessive pronouns:
my/ mine, our/ ours, you/ yours, his/
his, her/ hers, its/ its, their/ theirs
I recognized one of the girls, but I didn’t speak to her.
I recognized one of the girls who were caroling the other night.
第八页，共46页。
Concord in number
Normally: it, its, itself, they, them, their, themselves ? his, he, him, she, her, etc.
Once upon a time there was a wolf in sheep’s clothing, hiding ___ among a flock of ship.
第十八页，共46页。
Exceptions to general rule
1. informality
subjective case -------subject position objective case ------ other positions
2. minor sentence 3. everybody/ nobody + but/ except + pronouns
prep. complementation, etc. The woman __(who/whom) we thought to be
__(she, her) turned out to be her sister. The woman __ (who/ whom) we thought might
PRONOUNS
第一页，共46页。
1. classification
2. concord 3. case forms 4. reflexive pronouns
第二页，共46页。
Pronoun?
pro- ? a. supporting or approving of something. b. doing something instead of someone.
ANTECEDENT
a word, phrase or sentence that is represented by pronouns.
One must remember to remain very still when he attends a concert.
Professor Smith and I went to the States together. We stayed there for three weeks.
NUMBER: Antecedent: everyone, anyone, everybody,
anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody Pronoun?
第九页，共46页。
The cast is giving ___ (its, their) best performance tonight.
第十二页，共46页。
Nouns of common gender
man They were pronounced man and wife at the
altar. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal,… If a student needs advice about careers,
some, something, somebody,
someone; any, anything, anybody, anyone; no,
nothing, nobody, no one, none; everything,
everybody, everyone, each; much, many, little,