全国2023-2024学年英语高三上期末学业水平测试模拟试题含解析

全国2023-2024学年英语高三上期末学业水平测试模拟试题注意事项:
1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．She is ____________ being pleased about it ; she is very angry.
A．free from B．free of C．out of D．far from
2．Working hard is not a __________ of great success, but it is among the essential requirements.
A．sign B．signal
C．guarantee D．mark
3．I ______ tell you with cer tainty that he won’t be able to finish it before the deadline.
A．will B．must C．can D．may
4．It really matters _______ he treated the latest failure, for the examination is around the corner.
A．if B．that
C．why D．how
5．When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they ________ in the countryside.
A．will do B．had done
C．have done D．were doing
6．I’m most awfully grateful to you. I can’t think what I ________ without you. A．could do B．would do
C．should have done D．must have done
7．You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way. A．until B．unless
C．as D．after
8．Every four years Americans __________ the transfer of power.
A．carry over B．carry off
C．carry on D．carry out
9．Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet.
A．who B．whose
C．of whose D．of whom
10．Justin a book about his adventures in Tibet．I hope he can find a good publisher when it is finished．
A．was writing B．is currently writing C．has already written D．wrote
11．Don’t forget to send ______ attended the conference a follow-up email. A．however B．whatever
C．whoever D．wherever
12．Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity, which is _____ to an artist. A．absolute B．urgent C．especial D．vital
13．The farmers are in bad need of rain,but a (an) large amount of rainfall will cause Floods.
A．Eventually B．constantly C．gradually D．extremely
14．He liked the lovely dog so much that he ________ his book and played with it immediately.
A．gave off B．set aside
C．took over D．turned down
15．—You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening．
—Yes, I know I __ __．
A．ought to have B．have to C．should D．must have
16．He couldn’t make his voi ce ______ above the noise of the traffic.
A．to hear B．hearing
C．heard D．hear
17．The main issue at the APEC meeting was a climate-change plan _____ by Australia’s Howard and backed by Bush.
A．put out B．put off
C．put away D．put forward
18．________ the danger of drunk driving, many drivers promised never to drive after drinking.
A．Realizing B．To have realized
C．Realized D．Having realized
19．Beijing’s new international airport into operation in 2019 will serve 72 million passengers annually.
A．being put B．to be put
C．put D．to put
20．______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A．If it is not B．Had it not been
C．Were it not D．If they were not
第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21．（6分）Exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect — tha t is, if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.
While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect. So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s expectations jibe (吻合) closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.
For the new study, which was published last month in PLOS One, the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. The other volunteers were asked the same questions, but about a regular walking program.
In actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills. Walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially improve thinking ability.
But the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking. The estimates of benefits from walking were lower.
These data, while they do not involve any actual exercise, are good news for people who do exercise. “The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart, a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University, who led the study.
If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after
exercise, Mr. Stothart said, then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching. They didn’t, implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine.
The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may, in the process, improve thinking, Mr. Stothart said. That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how, at a molecular level, exercise remodels the human brain, he said. It also should encourage the rest of us to move, since the benefits are, it seems, not imaginary, even if they are in our head.
1、Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage? A．It occurs during exercise. B．It has cognitive benefits.
C．It is just a mental reaction. D．It is a physiological response.
2、Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research?
A．To discover the placebo effect in the exercise.
B．To prove the previous studies have a big drawback.
C．To test whether exercise can really improve cognition.
D．To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research.
3、What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out? A．They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise.
B．The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists.
C．The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability. D．Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect.
4、What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Is it necessary for us to take exercise? B．How should people exercise properly? C．What makes us smarter during exercise? D．Does exercise really make us smarter?
22．（8分）Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测) in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species, reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researchers of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering— that results from temperature incr ease,” the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
1、What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
2、We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that . A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
3、Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
4、What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about t he world’s temperature? A．It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.
B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C．It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
23．（8分）Tiny Countries You Never knew Existed
Sao Tome and principe
Sao Tome and Principe off Africa's west coast is only 372 square miles, but it has Impressive, undamaged nature, rich in biodiverse species. The amazing needle-like volcanic peak Pico Cao Grande rises 1,000 feet into the air. The islands are home to only around 10,000 people today.
San Marino
Only 23 square miles with a population of just 34,000, the little-known country of San Marino, surrounded by Italy, is the world's fifth smallest country. With the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Titano, the country is said to be the oldest republic in the world.
Dominica
Dominica covers only 290 square miles, with some of the best diving in the Caribbean, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of volcanic Morme Trois Pitons National Park. In Dominica, you'll see rainforests, waterfalls, and coastal views. The island is also home to the only remaining population of the Kalinago, who are part of the island's 74, 900 inhabitants.
Kiribati
This Pacific island country 33 coral islands is 313 square-miles, but it's the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (半球). The country's 109, 000 residents live in only 2 of the islands see this tropical paradise before it is no
longer--rising seas are threatening to swallow the country whole.
1、Which country has the smallest population?
A．Sao Tome and Principe.
B．San Marin.
C．Dominica.
D．Kiribati.
2、What can one see in both San Marino and Dominica?
A．Volcanoes.
B．World heritage sites.
C．Views of the Caribbean.
D．Waterfalls.
3、Which is true of Kiribati?
A．It is rich in biodiverse species.
B．It is surrounded by Italy.
C．It is home to the Kalinago.
D．It is disappearing.
24．（8分）Kincaid looked at his watch: eight-seventeen. The truck started on the second try, and he backed out, shifted gears, and moved slowly down the alley under hazy sun. Through the streets of Bellingham he went, heading south on Washington 11, running along the coast of Puget Sound for a few miles, then following the highway as it swung east a little before meeting U.S Route 20.
Turning into the sun, he began the long, winding drive through the Cascades. He liked this country and felt unpressed stopping now and then to make notes about interesting possibilities for future expeditions or to shoot what he called “memory snapsho ts.” The purpose of these causal photographs was to remind him of places he might want to visit again and approach more seriously. In later afternoon he turned north at Spokane, picking up U.S. Route 2, which would take him halfway across the northern United States to Duluth, Minnesota.
He wished for the thousandth time in his life that he had a dog, a golden retriever, maybe ,for travels like this and to keep him company at home. But he was frequently away; overseas much of the time and it would not be fair to the animal. Still, he thought about it anyway. In a few years he would be getting too old for the hard fieldwork. “I must get a dog then.” He said to himself.
Drives like this always put him into a sentimental mood. The dog was part of it.
Robert Kinc aid was alone as it’s possible to be—an only child, parents both dead, distant relatives who had lost track of him and he of them, no close friends.
He thought about Marian. She had left him nine years ago after five years of marriage. He was fifty-two now, that would make her just under forty. Marian had dreams of becoming a musician, a folksinger. She knew all of the Weavers’ songs and sang them pretty well in the coffeehouse of Seattle. When he was home in the old days, he drove her to the shows and sat in the audience while she sang.
His long absences—two or three months sometimes—were hard on the marriage. He knew that. She was aware of what he did when they decided to get married, and both of them had a vague sense that it could all be handled somehow. It couldn’t when he came from photographing a story in Iceland and she was gone. The note read, “Robert, it didn’t work out. I left you the Harmony guitar. Stay in touch.”
He didn’t stay in touch. Neither did she. He signed the divorce papers when they arrived a year later and caught a plane for Australia the next day. She had asked for nothing except her freedom.
1、Which route is the right one taken by Kincaid?
A．Bellingham—Washington 11—Puget Sound—U.S Route 20—U.S Route 2—Duluth B．U.S. Route 2—Bellingham—Washington 11—Puget Sound—U.S Route 20—Duluth C．U.S. Route 2—U.S Route 20—Duluth –Bellingham—Washington 11 D．Bellingham—Washington 11—U.S. Route 2—U.S Route 20—Duluth
2、Which statement is true according to the passage?
A．Kincaid’s parents were dead and he only kept in touch with some distant relatives. B．Kincaid would have had a dog if he hadn’t been away from home too much. C．Kincaid used to have a golden retriever.
D．Kincaid needed a dog in doing his hard fieldwork.
3、Why did Kincaid stop to take photos while driving?
A．To write “memory snapshots”
B．To remind himself of places he might want to visit again.
C．To avoid forgetting the way back.
D．To shoot beautiful scenery along the road.
4、What can you know about Marian?
A．She died after five years of marriage.
B．She was older than Kincaid.
C．She could sing very well and earned big money.
D．She was not a professional pop singer.
5、We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ________.
A．Marian knew what would happen before she married Kincaid.
B．Kincaid thought his absence would be a problem when he married Marian.
C．It turned out that Marian could not stand Kincaid’s absence and left him.
D．After Marian left him, they still kept in touch with each other.
25．（10分）Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.”The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual’s success despite the challeng es they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “intern al lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years al Columbia University 's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other wor ds, living
through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves
more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at
Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of
adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is
negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally
“hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
1、According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A．to think critically B．to decide one’s own fate
C．to live a better life D．to recover from adversity
2、What does the underlined w ord “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The psychologists B．The resilient children
C．Positive elements D．Internal locus of control
3、According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.
A．your positive perception may turn adversity around
B．stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C．experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D．a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
4、What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach people how to be resilient
B．To encourage people to live through adversity
C．To indicate people’s perception varies from each other
D．To compare different research findings about resilience
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．（30分）An old Grandfather said to his grandson, who came to him with anger at 26．
a friend who had done him an injustice, “Let me tell you a(n) 1 ”
“I too, at times, have felt great 2 for those who have taken so much, with no
3 for what they do. But hate
4 you out, and does not hurt your enemy. It’s like
taking poison and wishing your enemy would die. I have 5 these feelings many
times.”
“It is as if there are two 6 inside me; one is good and does no harm. He lives
7 all around him and does not take offense when no offense was intended. He will
only 8 when it is right to do so, and in the right way.”
“But…the other wolf…ah! The littlest thing will send him into a fit of9 He fights everyone, all of the time, for no 10 He cannot think because his anger and hate are so great. It is 11 a nger, for his anger will change nothing.”
“Sometimes it is12 to live with these two wolves inside me, for both of them try to 13 my spirit.”
With great 14 , the boy looked intently（专注地）into his Grandfather’s eyes asked, “Which one wins, Grandfather?”
The Grandfather smiled and quietly said, “The one I15 ”
You have two sets of feelings; positive feelings and negative feelings. And you know the 16 between the two because one makes you feel good, and the other makes you feel had. You should always remember that it is 17 to feel good while having 18 thoughts.
When you are feeling good, you must be thinking something good. So you are sending out a powerful frequency that is 19 back to you more good things that will make you feel good. 20 those moments when you are feeling good, and milk them. Be aware that as you are feeling good, you are powerfully attracting more good things to you.
1、A．adventure B．story C．joke D．challenge
2、A．hate B．regret C．envy D．tiredness
3、A．delight B．expectation C．appreciation D．sorrow
4、A．beats B．puts C．wears D．breaks
5、A．given out B．struggled with C．gone over D．thought about
6、A．devils B．pets C．wolves D．partners
7、A．in harmony with B．in company with C．in partnership with D．in agreement with
8、A．devote B．deliver C．fight D．offend
9、A．excitement B．temper C．happiness D．laughter
10、A．argument B．purpose C．judgement D．reason
11、A．helpless B．desperate C．effortless D．temporary
12、A．dangerous B．necessary C．tough D．funny
13、A．lift B．control C．weaken D．frighten
14、A．intention B．courage C．enthusiasm D．interest
15、A．feed B．arrest C．design D．resist
16、A．relation B．difference C．similarity D．distance
17、A．immoral B．impolite C．impatient D．impossible
18、A．anxious B．blank C．bad D．narrow
19、A．attracting B．dragging C．pushing D．expecting
20、A．Target B．Seize C．Interrupt D．Experience
第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

27．（15分）For many young people, going to university is one of the most important 1．(stage) of their lives. It is the time when young people will move out of 2．(they) home to live with other people, often strangers. 3．(especial) in the U.S, people often travel very far 4．home to study. It is a time to be 5．(independence).
At university, you will 6．(teach) by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study. The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is 7．drives some people to apply to university. Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study. Apart from the 8．(academy) benefit, life at university also can allow students 9．(develop) their interests in many fields.
Therefore，university is a place 10．you attain knowledge, develop your values and accept those who may be different.
第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）
28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last week, my friends and me went to watch Jay Chou’s performance in Guangzhou. There are crowds of cheerful fans there, many of who came from other cities. Jay began his performance with one of his most famous song. We all cheered and shouted out his name, but some even cried with joy. When Jay began to sing the seventh song it called Sunny Day, it started to rain. Therefore, the concert was not interrupted and we got even more exciting in the rain. At last, Jay finished the concert with a speech, thank his
fans for always supporting him. What memorable experience!
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
29．（25分）假如你校要举办一次主题为“How to communicate with friends？”的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。

要点如下：
1.尊重并信任朋友；
2.常与朋友聊天；
3.换位思考问题。

注意：1. 词数80词左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考答案
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1、D
2、C
3、C
4、D
5、B
6、C
7、C
8、D
9、C
10、B
11、C
12、D
13、D
14、B
15、A
16、C
17、D
18、D
19、B
20、B
第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21、1、C
2、C
4、D
22、1、B
2、C
3、B
4、A
23、1、B
2、B
3、D
24、1、A
2、B
3、B
4、D
5、C
25、1、D
2、B
3、A
4、A
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26、1、B
2、A
3、D
4、C
5、B
6、C
7、A
8、C
9、B
10、D
11、A
12、C
13、B
14、D
16、B
17、D
18、C
19、A
20、B
第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

27、1．stages
2．their
3．Especially
4．from
5．independent
6．be taught
7．what
8．academic
9．to develop
10．where
第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）
28、
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
29、Hello，everyone！As we all know，friends are the people who can share our happiness and sorrow. It’s necessary to keep a good relationship with them. Here are my ideas on how to communicate with friends.
Firstly，we should respect and trust our friends. Don’t be rude to them
even if they offend you on some occasions. Secondly，if we often communicate with them，our friendship will be strengthened. Thirdly，if sometimes we don’t agree with each other over some minor things，we should try to put ourselves in their shoes.
Thank you for listening.。