【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练及答案

【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭气) too.
Vulture (秃鸳)
Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.
Opossum (负鼠)
In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become "dead", they don't have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.
Hoatzin (磨雉)
Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the "stink bird
Millipedes (千足虫)
Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.
Sea Hare (海兔)
The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.
Researchers using lobsters (2-f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.
（1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by ________.
A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predator
B. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predators
C. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell it
D. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away
（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.
B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.
C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as "stink bird".
D. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless.
（3）The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is ________.
A. vulture
B. opossum
C. millipede
D. sea hare
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据 Sea Hare (海兔)部分中的“The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substan ce which makes food less palatable to predators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 Opossum (负鼠)部分中的“In order to become ‘dead’, they don't have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.”可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Millipedes (千足虫)部分中的“Their major defense is to c url up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。

然而，它们也会释放出有害的眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。

从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it's green. So what's up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wall-sized blackboards existed, late 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones.
In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were common enough to earn their own name: blackboard.
The color change came in the 1960s when companies sold, steel plates, coated with green enamel (漆) instead of the traditional dark slate. The new material was lighter and less fragile
than the first blackboards, so they were cheaper to ship and more likely to survive the journey. Teachers weren't complaining either. After all, the new "greenboards" made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word "chalkboard "as a more accurate descriptor, but "blackboard" still stuck around.
（1）What did the late 18th-century students use in class?
A. Blackboard.
B. Chalkboard.
C. Greenboard.
D. Mini board.（2）Why did the headmaster ask the students to put their mini boards together?
A. To make a comparison.
B. To make enough space.
C. To draw students' attention.
D. To arouse students' interest.
（3）Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the "greenboard"?
A. They're lighter in weight.
B. They're more convenient to transport.
C. They're easier to erase the powder.
D. They're more useful than the traditional ones.
（4）What's the main idea of the text?
A. Introduction of the blackboard.
B. Origin of the blackboard.
C. Color of the blackboard.
D. Function of the blackboard.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的，随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。

回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的？"这个问题。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的，"te 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood..."可知，18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“ In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board.
”在1800年，一名英格兰校长James Pillans想让他的学生们画地图，但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图，因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。

可知，校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"The new material was lighter and... more likely to survive the Journey."可知A项和B项正确；以及"After all, ... made the chalk powder easier to
erase."可知C项正确；D项文章未提及。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心：我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的，为什么叫黑板？通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
Slowly but surely we're moving closer and closer to 5G world. From smart-home security to self-driving cars, all the internet-connected devices in your life will be able to talk to each other at lightning-fast speeds with reduced delay, Objectively speaking, the fastest 4G download speeds in the U. S. top out at an average of 19.42 Mbps. But by comparison 5G promises gigabit (千兆) speeds.
“5G is one of those signs, along with artificial intelligence, of this coming data age,” said Steve Koenig, se nior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association. “The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem of this data age, and that is to say, it is a sign of time, because with one single task, driving, you have massive amounts of data coming from the vehicle itself, and a variety of sensors are collecting a lot of information to model its environment as it moves. It's pulling in data from other vehicles about road conditions down the lane. It could be weather information, but also connected infrastructure (基础设施) construction. There's lots of data behind that task, which is why we need high speed.
Augmented reality glasses and virtual headset haven't yet broken the mainstream, but tech companies are joyfully betting that these devices will eventually replace our smartphones. With 5G, that could actually happen. This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assist — or perhaps even replace — smartphones.
Ericsson stated at February's Mobile World Congress how smart glasses could become faster and lighter with a 5G connection, because instead of being weighed down with components, the glasses could rely on hardware for processing power.
But don't get too excited. There's still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction so 5G isn't concentrated only in big cities.
（1）What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 1?
A. The lighting-fast speed of 5G.
B. The expectation of 5G world.
C. The difference between 4G and 5G.
D. The internet-connected devices in our life.
（2）What does the underlined word "emblem" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Exhibition.
B. Success.
C. Symbol.
D. Explanation.
（3）We can infer from the text that ________.
A. 5G world won't come without AR glasses
B. 5G helps to create the artificial intelligence vehicle
C. Apple company is developing AR glasses worldwide
D. Tech companies will face the fact that smartphones may be replaced
（4）What will the author probably tell us next?
A. How to fully expand 5G coverage.
B. Smart glasses will become faster and lighter.
C. Why 5G isn't concentrated in big cities.
D. The importance of infrastructure construction.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们离5G世界越来越近了。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第一段中的“Slowly but surely, we're moving closer and closer to 5G world.”缓慢但肯定的是，我们离5G世界越来越近了。

可知，作者在第一段想强调“5G光速快。

”故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“and that is to say, it is a sign of tim”也就是说，这是时间的标志，”可知，划线词的意思是“标志，象征”。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assist — or perhaps even replace —smartphones.”这一点值得注意，因为据报道，苹果(Apple)等公司正在开发增强现实眼镜，以帮助——甚至取代——智能手机。

” 可知，我们可以从文中推断，科技公司将面临智能手机可能被取代的事实。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“But don't get too excited. There's still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction so 5G isn't concentrated only in big cities.”但是不要太激动。

与此同时，仍有很多工作要做，包括各种试验，以确保收音机能很好地配合硬件和基础设施建设，这样5G就不会只集中在大城市。

”可知，作者接下来可能会告诉我们“如何全面扩大5G覆盖。

”故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America-and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic- wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took
off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin-the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplas-tics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
"This isn't a problem where we don't know what the solution is, "says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage." We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. "It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
（1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?
A. To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B. To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C. To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D. To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
（2）What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?
A. Lacking protection.
B. Being stuck by plastics.
C. Being caught by humans.
D. Treating plastics as food.
（3）What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Some people don't know the solution of plastics waste.
B. Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C. It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D. People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
（4）From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A travel brochure.
C. An environmental report.
D. A lifestyle magazine.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. ”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到the Pilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。

可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。

可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists —go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.
Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.
So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.
（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To mention Nigel's feat.
C. To stress the importance of good memory.
D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.
（2）Which of the following best explains "outperform" underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Be superior to
B. Be inferior to
C. Be similar to
D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?
A. The writer.
B. The shop assistant.
C. The babysitter.
D. The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?
A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.
B. Get more support from the government.
C. Apply for the donation from companies.
D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time.
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。

但是,他不会说法语。

其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。

而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Because AI can o utperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。

结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

首先,有创造性的工作。

人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。

也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。

排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount
Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?
A. To test the flying height and speed of them.
B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A. It was carried out at very high altitude.
B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
（4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。

结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible." 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。

人们认为这是不可能的；以及" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。

再根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。

由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。

研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ..." 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。

这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest." 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。

为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。

结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。

由此可知本文属于科普文章。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life.
"Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures." commented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.
The study was done with a variety of animals using phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.
One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies "observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, "which allows them to avoid being hit.
Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, "Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly."
In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫)runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's(猎物)position.
Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.
（1）What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about？
A. Pace of life of animals.
B. Impressive abilities of animals.
C. Lifetime of small animals.
D. Time perception of animals.
（2）What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2？
A. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.
B. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.
C. The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.
D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.
（3）Why can houseflies avoid being hit?
A. They can think very deeply before they act.
B. They can process the information as quickly as they receive it.
C. They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.
D. They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.
（4）What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?
A. Slow down to gain its time perception.
B. Prevent itself from becoming blind.
C. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.
D. Try to run as fast as it can.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“According to a team of rese archers，an animal's ability to perceive（感知）time is linked to their pace of life.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，Kevin Healy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它
们对时间的感知能力，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“The research showed flies ‘observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，’which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的“but they can make good decisions very quickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“the tiger beetle（虎甲虫）runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The world's insects are going down the path of extinction, threatening a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems", according to the first global scientific review. More than 40％of insect species are declining and third are endangered, the analysis found. The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals, birds and reptiles.
"It should be of huge concern to all of us, for insects are at the heart of every food web. They pollinate (授粉) the large majority of plant species, keep the soil healthy, recycle nutrients, control pests, and much more. Love them or 1oathe them, we humans cannot survive without insects, "said Prof Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex in the UK.
The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive (集约型) agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides. Urbanisation and climate change are also significant factors.
"If insect species losses cannot be stopped, this will have catastrophic consequences for both the planet's ecosystems and for the survival of mankind. It is very rapid. In 10 years you will have a quarter less, in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none," said review author Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, at the University of Sydney, Australia.
One of the biggest impacts of insect loss is on many birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish that eat insects. "If this food source is taken away, all these animals starve to death," he said. Such effects have already been seen in Puerto Rico, where a recent study revealed a 98％fall in ground insects over 35 years.
Matt Shardlow, at the conservation charity Buglife, said: "It is thoughtful to see this evidence that shows the pitiful state of the world's insect populations. It is increasingly obvious that the planet's ecology is breaking and there is a need for a strong and global effort to prevent and change these terrible trends."
（1）Why are people worried about the insect decline?
A. They are vital to ecosystems.。