全新版大学英语综合教程第一册教学案

College English Integrated Course
Book One Unit One
Growing up
Language study
1.off and on: adv.
In an intermittent manner: slept off and on last night.
2.take hold: to start to have an effect
The fever was beginning to take hold.
3.associate: To connect or join together; combine; To connect in the mind or imagination
associate one thing with another
We associate China with the Greet Wall.
What do you associate with such a heavy snow?
4. turn out:
a. to shut off: turned out the lights.
b. to arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment:
A large group of protesters have turned out.
c. To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make: an assembly line turning out cars.
d. To be found to be, as after experience or trial:
The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.
e. To end up; result: The cake turned out beautifully.
f. To equip; outfit: troops that were turned out beautifully.
g. Informal To get out of bed.
h. To evict; expel: The tenants were turned out.
5. agony: The suffering of intense physical or mental pain.
His last agony was over. 他临死的挣扎已经过去了。

He was in an agony of remorse. 他处于极端悔恨之中
be in agony 苦恼不安
death agony (=agony of death)临死时的痛苦, 垂死的挣扎
in agony of pain在痛苦的挣扎中
in an agony of处在极端...状态中
6. assign: a. To set apart for a particular purpose; designate. 分派为某一特定目的分开；
指派 b. To select for a duty or office; appoint. 选派为某项任务或工作选派；委派
c. To give out as a task; allot. 作为任务分出；分配
d. To ascribe; attribut
e. 归于；归属
be assigned to a new post 被派到新的工作岗位
assign a day for a meeting 确定开会日期
assign property to another 把财产转让给别人
assign one's failure to idleness 将失败归因于懒惰
assign homework 留家庭作业
7. anticipate: To act in advance so as to prevent; forestall. To foresee and fulfill in advance.
We anticipate great pleasure from our visit to London.
We anticipate hearing from you again.
We anticipated our competitors by getting our products onto the market first.
ardently anticipate殷切地期望 confidently anticipate满怀信心地期望
anticipate sb’s arrival with much pleasure万分高兴地期待某人的到来。

A man who always anticipates his income can never save or become rich.
总是预支工资, 寅吃卯粮的人, 永远不能储蓄或成为富人。

He tried to anticipate all my needs.他设法将我需要的东西预先准备好。

expect, anticipate, hope, await
These verbs are related in various ways to the idea of looking ahead to something in the future. To expect is to look forward to the likely occurrence or appearance of someone or something:
You can expect us for lunch. 你可以等我们一起吃午饭。

“We should not expect something for nothing---but we all do and call it Hope” (Edgar W. Howe).“我们不应期待收获而不付出--相反我们应去做并称之为希望”（埃德加··何奥）。

Anticipate is sometimes used as a synonym of expect, but usually it involves more than expectation. Sometimes it refers to taking advance action, as to forestall or prevent the occurrence of something expected or to meet a wish or request before it is articulated: <SKW> Anticipate有时被用作 expect的同义词，但通常它不仅仅是期望这个意思，有时它指提前采取行动，来阻止预料中某事的发生或在一项要求或愿望说出之前使它得到满足：anticipated the attack and locked the gates; 预见会有袭击并锁上门；
anticipating her desires. 预先满足她的愿望。

The term can also refer to having a foretaste of something expected before its occurrence: 这个词也指在预料中某物的出现前就已拥有：anticipate trouble. 过早陷入麻烦。

To hope is to look forward with desire and usually with a measure of confidence in the likelihood of gaining what is desired:
Hope意思是热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：
I hope to see you soon. 我希望不久就见到你。

Hope for the best, but expect the worst. 做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。

To await is to wait in expectation of; it implies certainty: Await意思是满怀期望的等待；
暗含肯定性：eagerly awaiting your letter. 热切等待你的来信。

8. tedious: Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring.
a tedious story 冗长乏味的故事 tedious work 乏味的工作
boring, monotonous, tedious, irksome, tiresome, humdrum.
These adjectives refer to what is so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness.
Boring implies feelings of listlessness and discontent:
I had expected the book to be boring, but on the contrary it was fascinating.
What is monotonous bores because of lack of variety: 表示 monotonous的东西令人厌烦是因为缺少变化.
“There is nothing so desperately monotonous as the sea”(James Russell Lowell). “没有东西更象大海一样单调到让人绝望了”（詹姆士·罗素·洛威尔）。

Tedious suggests dull slowness or long-windedness: Tedious说明令人乏味的缓慢或漫长的曲折：When we travel from coast to coast, we take a plane to avoid spending tedious days on the train. 当从一个海滨旅行到另一个海滨时，我们乘坐飞机以避免在火车上打发无聊时光。

Irksome describes what is demanding of time and effort and yet is dull and often unrewarding: Irksome指需要时间和努力，然而是单调而且通常是没有回报的：
“I know and feel what an irksome task the writing of long letters is”(Edmund Burke).
“我知道也感到写长信是一件多么令人烦恼的任务”（埃德蒙·布克）。

Something tiresome fatigues because it seems to be interminable or to be marked by unremitting sameness: tiresome的东西令人厌倦是因为它看起来无穷无尽或毫无变化：
“What a tiresome being is a man who is fond of talking?(Benjamin Jowett). “夸夸其谈的人多么令人讨厌”（本杰明·乔维特）。

Humdrum refers to what is commonplace, trivial, or unexcitingly routine: Humdrum指陈腐、琐碎和无趣平凡的东西：
She led a humdrum existence---all work and no play.
她过着相当单调的生活——只有工作，没有玩乐。

9. reputation: The general estimation in which a person is held by the public; The state
or situation of being held in high esteem.; A specific characteristic or trait ascribed to a person or thing
a man of no reputation默默无闻的人; 没有声望的人
a person of reputation有信誉的人, 体面的人
build up a reputation博得名声
a blot [smirch, stain] on one’s reputation 名誉上的污点
have a good [bad] reputation名誉好[坏]
have a reputation for sth. (=have the reputation of)因...而著名, 以...闻名
live up to one's reputation不负盛名; 名副其实
lose [ruin] one's reputation名誉扫地
make an evil reputation for oneself弄得声名狼藉
of great[good, high] reputation很有声望的, 享有盛名的
of no reputation声名狼藉的
of reputation有名望的
10. inspire: To fill with enlivening or exalting emotion:
inspire a new thought into sb.将新思想灌输给某人
inspire sb.with courage鼓起某人的勇气
inspire sth. in sb. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情
inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情
inspire sth. into sb. 把某种思想灌输给某人
11. formal: Stiffly ceremonious
a formal manner; a formal greeting; a formal bow to the monarch.
12. rigid: Not flexible or pliant; stiff.
rigid in one's views 意志坚定
rigid discipline 严格的训练
rigid adherence to rules严守规则
13. out of date: no longer useful, correct or fashionable
out of date theories on education
The information in last year’s tourist guide is already out of date.
14. severe: Very serious; grave or grievous: severe mental illness.
Severe, stern and strict: These adjectives mean unsparing and exacting with respect to discipline or control. <SKW> Severe implies adherence to rigorous standards or high principles; the term often suggests the imposition of harsh conditions:
“Praise or blame has but a momentary effect on the man whose love of bea uty in the abstract makes him a severe critic on his own works”(John Keats). “赞扬或指责对这个人只有瞬间效应，对抽象美的热爱使他对自己的作品严加批判（约翰·凯兹）。

Stern suggests unyielding disposition, uncompromising resolution, or forbidding appearance or nature: Stern指强硬的处理、不妥协的决定或冷峻的外表或气质：
“thought her husband a man fatally stern and implacable” (George Meredith). “认为她丈夫是一个极端严厉而且毫不容情的人”（乔治·马里蒂斯）。

Strict means requiring or showing stringent observance of obligations, rules, or standards: 有计划地克制…做…某事，没有别的理由只因你最好别做它”（威廉·杰姆森）。

Strict指要求或显示严格遵守义务、规则或标准：
“He could not be severe nor even passably strict” (W.H. Hudson).
“他根本不能做到严厉，甚至连稍稍严格一点都做不到”(W.H.N哈德森)
15. comic: Characteristic of or having to do with comedy. Of or relating to comic strips.
Amusing; humorous: a comic situation involving the family's pets.
comic opera 喜歌剧
comic relief (悲剧中穿插的以宽松观众情绪的)喜剧性镜头
comic book [美]连环图画杂志
comic paper 报纸的连环图画版
comic strip 连环图画
tragic (来自希腊语tragikos). adj 悲剧的；悲惨的；不幸的
a tragic accident 不幸的事故
16. antique: An object having special value because of its age, especially a domestic item
or piece of furniture or handicraft esteemed for its artistry, beauty, or period of origin.
The antique is a fake. 那古董是一件赝品。

an antique dealer 古董商
17.tackle:try to deal with; To take on and wrestle with (an opponent or a problem, for example).
Everyone has his problem to tackle.
The policeman tackled the thief.
tackle sb. about [on, over] sth.
18. distribute: to deliver or pass out
distribute books among the students be distributed into three classes
distribute seeds over a field
distribute...over ... ...配给到[分配到, 散布于]...
distribute sth. to 把某物分[配, 发]给...
distribute sth. among 把某物分[配, 发]给...
distribute, dispense, divide, allocate 都含“分配”的意思。

distribute指“将某物分成一定的部分或数量, 通常各份的数量不一定相等, 然后分给某些人或地方”, 如: distribute leaflets 分发传单。

In the 19th century the government distributed land to settlers willing to cultivate it.
Divideimplies giving out portions, often equal, on the basis of a plan or purpose: 在19世纪，政府将土地分发给愿意耕种的定居者。

dispense stresses the careful determination of portions, often according to measurement or weight: Dispense强调根据测理或称重对所分的份额，认真作出决定：dispensing medication 配药；
Dispense指“分配给一群人中每个人应得的份, 如:
They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.
divide指“把整体分为若干部分”, Divide表示根据计划或目的进行按份额分发，常是平等的：如:
The estate will be divided among the heirs. divide it into two
allocate指“分配一定数量的财物或任务给某些人、单位或事业等”, 如:
We’ve allocated a sum of money to education. 我们已经拨出了一笔教育经费。

18. face up to: to accept and deal with an unpleasant fact or problem大胆面向：
She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young. 她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事实。

They’ll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it.
19. sequence: A following of one thing after another; succession.
a sequence of bumper harvests 连续的大丰收
in historical [alphabetical] sequence 按历史[字母]顺序
the sequence of tenses 【语】时态的呼应
20. argument:A discussion in which disagreement is expressed; a debate. A quarrel; a dispute.
It is beyond argument that.....是无可争辩的, 不容争辩的是...
Argument, dispute, controversy
These nouns denote discussion involving conflicting points of view.
Argument stresses the advancement by each side of facts and reasons buttressing its contention and intended to persuade the other side:
Emotions are seldom swayed by argument. 情绪很少受论证的影响。

Dispute stresses division of opinion by its implication of contradictory points of view and often implies animosity:
Dispute强调由于涉及相互矛盾的观点而导致意见上的分歧，常常暗含敌意：
A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract. 工会会员们在
新合同的条款方面产生争执。

Controversy is especially applicable to major differences of opinion involving large groups of people rather than individuals: <SKW>Controversy尤其用来指大批人，而非个别人在观点上存在的分歧：
The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy. 使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。

21. recapture: bring back into the mind; experience again.
recapture a position from the enemy 从敌人手中夺回阵地
recapture the past 回忆过去; 使过去再现
22. violate: act against
violate a law violate sleep
violate sb.’s privacy
The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable.士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。

The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning.
炮声破坏了平常星期日早晨的宁静。

23. compose: write or create (music, poetry, etc.); To make up the constituent parts of;
constitute or form:
an exhibit composed of French paintings; the many ethnic groups that compose our nation.
compose, consist of, comprise, constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。

compose 在表示“由……材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。

Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.
混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。

Mere facts, badly stated, do not compose a good book.
consist of 的含义与被动语态的 compose 相同
Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective.
comprise 在表示“构成”时，其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”
These houses do not comprise all his property.
The committee comprises men of widely different views.
constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的
This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.
Seven days constitutes a week.
24. discipline: punishment, order kept (among school-children)
labo(u)r discipline military discipline
be strict in discipline
a commission for discipline inspection
strict discipline be under perfect discipline
He needs a little discipline.
In learning a foreign language, question and answer drills are good disciplines.
学外语时, 问答练习是很好的训练方法。

25. contempt: The state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace.
a touch of contempt feel contempt for a liar
Traitors have always been treated with contempt.
She lives in contempt.
He refused to answer in contempt of the rules of the court.
26. demonstration: act of showing or proving sth.
peace demonstrations. essence: the most important quality of a thing
the essence of morality The essence of his religious teaching is love for all men.
in essence: by nature; essentially
He is in essence a reclusive sort.
of the essence: Of the greatest importance; crucial
Time is of the essence.
College English Integrated Course
Book One Unit Two
Friendship
Text A All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter
Language Study
1.be lost in / lose oneself in: be so involved in something that you do not notice anything
else; be absorbed in, be fully occupied with:
It’s easy to lose yourself in the magic of this film.
2.or something: it is used when you cannot remember or do not want to give another example
of something you are mentioning.
Here’s some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something.
Her name was Judith, or Julie or something.
Similar phrase: or something like that.
3.might/ may (just) as well: (usually spoken) used to suggest doing something that you do
not really want to do, because you no better ideas:
It’s no good waiting for the bus. We might as well walk.
(See Exercise on P. 47)
4.not much of a: not a good: 不是什么了不起的, 称不上....
Some people may think that doing housework for others in not much of a career.
He id not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.
5.keep up: continue without stopping
It’s hard to keep up with changes in computer technology.
I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.
6.correspondence: 1) the act of writing, receiving or sending letters (不可加s, 但可加
a, often followed by with + n.)
His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.
2) the letters that sb. Receives or sends (used as an uncountable noun)
A secretary came in twice a week to deal with his correspondence.
Any further correspondence should be sent to my new address.
7.But I take it he’s someone…: But I expect that he is someone.
The sentence pattern “I take it (that)…” is used to say that you expect someone will do something, know something, etc.
I take it (that) you’ve heard that all the students in my class have done a very good
job in CET-Band 4.
8.practically: (especially spoken) almost; in a sensible way which takes account of problems:
The hall was practically empty.
Practically all my friends are gay.
“But how can we pay for it?” said John practically.
9.kind /sort of:meaning that something is uncertain or partly true (mainly before adjective
and verbs) are used only in informal contexts: (kind of is AmE, sort of is BrE)
I kinda like that color.
“Did he help you?” “Well, kind of” (= not as much as I hoped.)
In very informal speech you sometimes use kind /sort of to make a serious statement sound weaker or amusing.
He sort of came up to me and pushed me.
So kind of hit him in the face.
She wasn’t be autiful. But she was kind of cute.
The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.
10.a couple of: (informal) a few, more than one but not many:
We just need a couple more chairs so everyone can sit down.
There’s a couple of girls waiting for you outside.
I don’t know why I feel so bad, I only had a couple of drinks.
11.keep/ get/ be in touch (with sb.): if you keep in touch with someone, you write, phone,
or visit each other regularly.
Our neighbors are moving away but I hope that we’ll still keep in touch with each other.
You can get in touch with me at the office if necessary.
I’ll be in touch when I get back from Paris.
e up: 1) happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly
A lot of new questions came up at the meeting.
Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work changed.
2) be mentioned or discussed:
Your name came up in our conversation once or twice.
The issue of safety came up twice during the meeting.
The term “Hope Project” has come up a lot recently in the newspapers.
13.urge: try very hard to persuade ( often used in the pattern urge sb. to so sth. or followed
by a that-clause. In the that-clause, “should” or the base form of a verb is used.) Brown urged her to reconsider her decision.
The urged the local government to approve plans for their reform programme.
I urge that you read this report carefully.
Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.
14.postpone: delay (usually followed by n/ gerund):
We’re postponing our holiday until we have some more money.
Cai and Jim have decided to postpone having a family for a while.
15.“Like it says there,”… “ about all we had to spend in those days was time.”: “As
the letter says there,” … “ though we didn’t have much money we had a lot of free time.”
16.absolutely: totally and completely:
He’s an absolutely brilliant singer.
You can trust her absolutely.
You look absolutely fantastic in that dress.
“Do you let your kids travel alone at night?” “Absolutely not.”
17.reunion: the state of being brought together again after a period of being separated.
Joseph’s eventual reunion with his brother
Our college reunion
The soccer club holds an annual/ yearly reunion.
Before she went abroad for further study, the whole family had a big family reunion.
18... there are fewer and fewer still around.: … fewer and fewer of us are left alive.
19.go by: (of time) pass
Two years went by.
Never let a good opportunity go by.
Her daughter was becoming more and more beautiful as the years went by.
You can’t always go by appearance. (judge by)
20.hang out:1) (infml, used mainly in AmE) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason,
not doing very much.
She hangs out with a pretty wild crowd.
That’s the corner where all the junkies (有毒瘾者) hang out.
2) hang clothes on a piece of string outside in order to dry them.
I’ve hung out the washing.
What a pain! ----It’s raining and I’ve just hung the washing out.
21.choke up: to be very upset about something; become too upset to speak
She and Mark broke up last week, and she’s pretty choked up about it.
Losing my job left me c ompletely choked up; I was so upset that I didn’t know what to say.
22.destination: the place that someone or something is going to:
Singapore is still our most popular holiday destination.
Only half of the emergency supplies have reached their destination because of the bad weather.
23.skip: pass from (one point, etc.) to another, disregarding or failing to act on what comes
between.
The teacher skipped chapter five and said it wouldn’t be on the test.
Children who skip breakfast often don’t concentrate as well as others.
“As time is limited, we will have to skip some of the exercises in each unit,” said the teacher.
24.sorrowful: very sad;
a sorrowful smile
an old woman with a sorrowful expression
25.in the distance: in a place that is far away, but close enough to be seen or heard:
That’s Long Island in the distance over there.
26.unpack: 1) to take everything out of a box or suitcase
Let’s go upstairs and unpack.
2) technical: to change information in a computer so that it is easier to understand but
takes up more space.
27.right away: (infml) at once:
Tom has got a high fever; he should go and see a doctor right away.
I wrote him a letter and posted it right away.
Cultural Notes
1. Stephen Hawking (1942--): a British scientist who has greatly influenced people’s ideas
on the origins of the universe. He has devoted much of his life to probing in the space-time described by general relativity and the singularities where it breaks down. And he’s done most of his work while confined to a wheelchair, brought on by the progressive neurological disease. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newton.
In the late 1960s, Hawking proved that if general relativity is true and the universe is expanding, a singularity must have occurred at the birth of the universe. In 1974 he first recognized a truly remarkable property of black holes, objects from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape. He has written the international bestseller A Brief History of Time, The hook spent more than four years on the London Sunday Times bestseller list —the longest run for any book in history.
2.Frankenstein: a novel (1818) by an English writer Mary Shelley (1797-1851). It is the
story of a Swiss scientist, Dr. Frankenstein, who makes a living creature from pieces of dead bodies. The creature is like a man, but stronger, and although it is gentle at first, it later attacks and kills several people close to Frankenstein. There have been many films based on the story and variations of it: Everybody was dressed up as a ghost, is vampire or Frankenstein’s monster.
3. The Sky at Night: a popular British television program about the stars and planets, broadcast
every month by the BBC since 1957. It is well known for the way in which its presenter, Patrick Moore, gives scientific information in an entertaining way.
4. Albert Einstein (1879-1955): a physicist, born in Germany, who was possibly the greatest
scientist of the 20th century. In 1905 he published his theory of relativity. This led to the equation giving the relationship between mass and energy. E=mc2, which is the basis of atomic energy, Einstein suggested how it could be used for making weapons, but after World War II he spoke publicly against nuclear weapons. By 1917, he had become famous all over the world. He was given the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921, When Hitler came to power, Einstein, who was Jewish, went to live in the US, becoming a US citizen in 1940. In 1933 he wrote a book called Why War with Sigmund Freud. He became a professor at Princeton University in 1934, and he spent the rest of his life looking, without success, for a theory
that combined those of gravitation and electromagnetism. In 1952 he was offered the presidency of the stale of Israel, but did not accept it.
Language Study
1. privilege: a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of people.
Don’t forget that using the car is a privilege, not a right.
Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege of introducing our speaker for tonight.
2. do without: manage to survive, continue, or succeed although you do not have sth. you need
, want, or usually use:
I can’t afford a car, so I guess I’ll just have to do without.
You’ll have to do without your dinner if you don’t get back in time.
3. put/ turn the clock back: to go back to the ideas or methods tried before instead of doing
things in a new or modern way; return to a situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasant.
The employment bill in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clock back fifty years.
Forget all about it and look to the future; you can’t turn the clock back.
4. cut off: 1) stop providing (sth)
The electricity company is threatening to cut us off.
The US has cut off aid to PDRK.
2) to separate something by cutting it from the main parts:
She cut off a big piece of meat.
One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.
5. bring about: to make something happen:
Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace.
Jealousy in a relationship is often brought about by a lack of trust.
6. inquire: to ask someone for information ( also spelled “enquire”, sometimes followed by
about or wh-clause):
“Are you getting married?” the television interviewer inquired.
I am writing to inquire about you advertisement in The Times.
The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.
inquire into: to ask questions in order to get more information about something: The investigation will inquire into the exact circumstances of the sale.
inquiring: adj. Only before noun.
an inquiring look or expression shows that you want to ask about something
7.…and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn’t succeed.: As
human initiative and inventiveness do exist, even this way to suppress anything new worldwide would fail.
such… that: (formal or literary) used to give a reason or explanation for sth.
The nature of the job was such that he felt obliged to tell no one about it.
His manner was such that he would offend everyone he met.
8. slow down: become slower, or make sb. or sth. slower
It seems likely that the economy will slow down over the next twelve months.
Motorist should slow down and take extra care in foggy conditions.
My aching knee was beginning to slow me down.
You’re sixty, it’s time you slowed down a bit.
9. informed: having or showing knowledge:
Science is now enabling us to make more informed choices about how we use common drugs.
According to informed sources, he has been enrolled by Harvard University.
inform: to tell (usually in the pattern: inform sb. of/ about sth., inform sb + that-clause’ inform sb. It is a fairly formal word. In conversation you usually use tell.)
They informed us of their arrival at Pudong Airport.
Have you informed the police that there’s been an accident?
“I just added a little soy sauce,” he informed us.
10. At the moment, the public is in two minds about science.:Now the public can’t decide
whether they need science or not.
at the moment: now, at the present moment.
I’m rather busy a t the moment; could I call you back?
At the moment, no one is talking to me.
in two minds (about sth.): unable to decided whether or not you want sth. or want to do sth.
I think she’s in two minds about whether to accept his present or not.
We’re in two mi nds whether to sell the house or not.
11. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.: The public’s
distrust of science is also an important factor that leading to support for the political parties whose main concern is to protect the environment.
12. lie in: exist or be found in sth.
His skill lies in his ability to communicate quite complicated ideas.
The play’s interest lies in the questions it raises about marriage.
13. in terms of: as regards (sth); expressed as (sth.)
In terms of salary, the job is terrible.
In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy can’t be criticized.
The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.
14. brief: 1) using few words; concise
The teacher of English told the students to write a brief description of a typical problem they had recently met with.
Patrick gave a brief summary of the last night’s events.
2) lasting or taking a short time
This time their visit to Beijing is brief.
My brother once made a brief appearance on television.
15. tend: be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect
Some people tend to get up later at weekends.
The old couple tend to buy cheap processed foods like canned chicken.
The school bus tends to be early on Monday mornings.
16. in the form of: 1) having the shape of
The lane was in the form of a big “s”.
The trees were laid out in the form of the figure eight.
2) existing in a particular form
They received a benefit in the form of a tax reduction.
17. precise: exact精确的，正确的如在实行、实施或数量上很准确的；精确的或准确的
We will never know the precise details of his death.
The precise location of the air crash was established yesterday.
18. grasp: understanding。