高中化学英语常用词汇

酸、碱
硫酸sulphuric acid 硫酸根sulfate radical
亚硫酸sulphurous acid 亚硫酸根sulfite
硝酸nitric acid hydrogen nitrate 硝酸根nitrate radical
亚硝酸nitrous acid 亚硝酸根nitrite
盐酸hydrochloric muriatic acid hydrogen-chloride chlorine-hydride 氯离子chloridion 氯化物chloride
高氯酸perchloric acid 高氯酸根perchlorate
氯酸chloric acid 氯酸根chlorate
次氯酸hypochlorous 次氯酸根hypochlorite
碳酸carbonic acid 碳酸根Carbonate
高锰酸permanganic acid
醋酸ethylic acid 醋酸根acetate radical 醋酸盐ethanoate
铵根ammonium radical 氨水ammonia
※酐 anhydride eg；硫酸酐 sulfuric anhydride
元素
1.氢H Hydrogen ['haidrəudʒən]
2.氦He Helium ['hi:ljəm, -liəm]
3.锂Li Lithium ['liθiəm]
4.铍Be Beryllium [be'riljəm,bə'r-]
5.硼B Boron ['bɔ:rɔn]
6.碳C Carbon['kɑ:bən]
7.氮N Nitrogen ['naitrədʒən]
8.氧O Oxygen ['ɔksidʒən]
9.氟F Fluorine ['flu(:)əri:n]
10.氖Ne Reon ['ni:ən]
11.钠Na Sodium ['səudjəm, -diəm]
12.镁Mg Magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm]
13.铝Al Aluminum[ælju'miniəm]
14.硅Si Silicon ['silikən]
15.磷P Phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs]
16.硫S Sulfur ['sʌlfə]
17.氯Cl Chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n]
18.氩Ar Argon ['ɑ:gɔn]
19.钾K Potassium [pə'tæsjəm]
20.钙Ca Calcium ['kælsiəm]
22.钛Ti Titanium [tai'teinjəm, ti-]
23.钒V Vanadium [və'neidiəm, -djəm]
24.铬Cr Chromium ['krəumjəm]
25.锰Mn Manganese [mæŋgə'ni:z]
26.铁Fe Iron ['aiən]
27.钴Co Cobalt [kə'bɔ:lt, 'kəubɔ:lt]
28.镍Ni Nickel ['nikl]
29.铜Cu Copper ['kɔpə]
30.锌Zn Zinc [ziŋk]
31.镓Ga Gallium ['gæliəm]
32.锗Ge Germanium [dʒə:'meiniəm]
33.砷As Arsenic ['ɑ:sənik]
34.硒Se Selenium [si'li:niəm, -njəm]
35.溴Br Bromine ['brəumi:n]
36.氪Kr Krypton ['kriptɔn]
37.铷Rb Rubidium [ru:'bidiəm]
38.锶Sr Strontium ['strɔnʃiəm]
39.铱Y Iridium [i'ridiəm]
40.锆Zr Zirconium [zə:'kəuniəm]
41.铌Nb Niobium [nai'əubiəm]
42.钼Mo Molybdenum [mə'libdinəm]
43.锝Tc Technetium [tek'ni:ʃiəm]
44.钌Ru Ruthenium [ru:'θi:niəm]
46.钯Pd Palladium [pə'leidiəm]
47.银Ag Silver ['silvə]
48.镉Cd Cadmium ['kædmiəm]
49.铟In Indium ['indiəm]
50.锡Sn Tin [tin]
51.锑Sb Stibium ['stibjəm]
52.碲Te Tellurium [te'ljʊəriəm]
53.碘I Iodine ['aiədi:n; (US) 'aiədain]
54.氙Xe Xenon ['zenɔn]
55.铯Cs Caesium ['si:ziəm]
56.钡Ba Barium ['bɛəriəm]
65.铽Tb Terbium ['tə:biəm]
73.钽Ta Tantalum ['tæntələm]
74.钨W Tungsten ['tʌŋstən]
76.锇Os Osmium ['ɔzmiəm, -mjəm]
77.铱Ir Iridium [i'ridiəm]
78.铂Pt Platinum ['plætinəm]
79.金Au Gold[gəuld]
80.汞Hg Mercury ['mə:kjuri]
81.铊Tl Thallium ['θæliəm]
85.砹At Astatine ['æstəti:n]
86.氡Rn Radon ['reidɔn]
化合物、单质
一氧化碳carbon monoxide carbonic oxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide
氧气oxygen 臭氧ozone
氮气nitrogen 一氧化氮nitric oxide
二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide 四氧化二氮nitrogen tetroxide 五氧化二氮nitrogen pentoxide
有机物
苯benzene甲苯toluene methylbenzene
甲烷methane 甲基methyl 乙烷ethane 乙基ethyl
丙烷Propane 丙基propyl 丁烷butane 丁基butyl
乙烯ethene 乙炔ethyne
甲酸methane acid 甲醇methanol 乙酸acetic acid乙醇ethanol
acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛alkali- 碱
-ene烯epi- 表epoxy-环氧-ester酯-ether醚
-hydrin醇carbonyl羰基-carboxylic acid羧酸keto- 酮ketone酮
-oic酸的-ol醇 -one酮oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化
-oyl酰phenol/phenoxide苯酚
有机知识点
Chemical bond化学键covalent bond共价键hybrid orbital杂化轨道
bond length键长bond angle键角bond energy键能polarity极性dissociation energy离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象
van der Waals forces范德华力hydrogen bonding氢键
Ortho position邻位Meta position间位Para position对位
Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Hydrocarbon碳氢化合物Alkane烷
Alkene烯Alkyen炔Diene双烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯
Enyne烯Diyne二炔Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇
Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚Aldehyde醛Detone酮
常用化学试剂、化学用语
石灰水limewater 氧化钙calcium oxide 品红azaleine fuchsin saturated solution饱和溶液Elementary substance 单质phenolphthalein酚酞
solvent溶剂solute溶质。