外文学院20062007学年度第(一)学期期末考试

外文学院2006—2007学年度第（一）学期期末考试2004级英本《语言学概论》（必）试卷（A）
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说明：
1、期考分笔试与论文写作（IV）两部分，这仅为笔试部分，占40%。

2、测试形式：开卷。

3、考试时间：90分钟。

Part A (30%; 40 minutes)
I. Multiple choice: Choose the best answer to each of the following items. Put your response (the corresponding letter) on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 0.5 x 40 items)
1. The sentence "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." illustrates the _____ nature of language.
A. symbolic
B. conventional
C. metaphorical
D. flower
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the design features of human language?
A. double articulation
B. creativity
C. displacement
D. genetics
3. Which of the following is a front, close and short vowel?
A.[u:]
B. [a]
C. [i]
D. [u]
4. Which of the following forms a minimal pair?
A.fear, pear
B. tip, pit
C. food, foot
D. heat, hit
5. In English, if three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the
combination should obey the following rules except _____:
A. The first phoneme must be /s/.
B. The second phoneme must be /p/ or /t/ or /k/.
C. The third phoneme must be /l/ or /r/ or /w/.
D. The phoneme /h/ can replace the second phoneme if it is followed by /w/.
6. Which of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme?
A. scholarship
B. classroom
C. policeman
D. childlike
7. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the open classes?
A. enjoy
B. happy
C. as
D. beautifully
8. The word impossibility consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.
A. six/three
B. five/two
C. six/four
D. five/five
9. For the word "to" in "It is necessary to know yourself.", we can say _____.
A. it has a lexical meaning
B. it is an inflectional morpheme
C. it is a derivational morpheme
D. it has a grammatical meaning as an infinitive marker
10. In TG, 'S-structure' represents _____ structure.
A. surface
B. sentence
C. specifier
D. syntactic
11. The words “elevator” and “lift” are ______ synonyms.
A. near
B. dialectal
C. collocationally-restricted
D. stylistic
12. The words “literate” and “illiterate” are ______ opposites.
A. gradable
B. ungradable
C. relational
D. complementary
13. Whi ch of the following is the correct componential analysis of the word “cake”?
A.[+FOOD-SOLID+COUNTABLE]
B.[+FOOD+SOLID+COUNTABLE]
C.[+DRINKS-LIQUID-COUNTABLE]
D.[+DRINKS+LIQUID-COUNTABLE]
14. “It‟s foggy today.” is a _____-place predication.
A. no
B. one
C. two
D. three
15. A predication consists of _____.
A. arguments
B. predicates
C. argument(s) and predicates
D. argument(s) and predicate
16. _____ is often regarded as a high-status marker.
A. sociolect
B. idiolect
C. register
D. accent
17. Which of the following best describes the relation between “He is alone” and “He has no one
to talk to”?
A. The former is synonymous with the latter.
B. The former is inconsistent with the latter.
C. The former entails the latter.
D. The former presupposes the latter.
18. Which of the following best describes the relation between “He paid a visit to Sydney.” and
“He paid a visit to Australia.”?
A. The former is synonymous with the latter.
B. The former is inconsistent with the latter.
C. The former entails the latter.
D. The former presupposes the latter.
19. Which of the following best describes the relation between “Her sister is coming.” and “She
has a sister.”?
A.The former is synonymous with the latter.
B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.
C.The former entails the latter.
D.The former presupposes the latter.
20. …Statesman‟ and …politician‟ are ___.
A. dialectal synonyms
B. collocational synonyms
C. stylistic synonyms
D. synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning
21. The relation between …furniture‟ and …desk‟ is ___.
A. homophony
B. homography
C. polysemy
D. hyponymy
22. …Mother‟ and …daughter‟ are ___.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C. ungradable opposites
D. complementary synonyms
23. According to Searle, acts bringing about immediate changes by saying something are _____.
A. representatives
B. directives
C. expressives
D. declarations
24. Which of the following is a commissive?
A.I‟m really sorry to hear that.
B.I will see you without fail.
C.You‟d better have dinner at once.
D.I now declare the meeting open.
25. “Why not offer him a lift?” is an instance of ____.
A.representatives
B.expressives
C. directives
D. commissives
26. Which of the following is a declaration?
A. Close the window, please.
B. Would you like to go to the movie with me?
C. I‟ve never seen him before.
D. I appoint you monitor of the class.
27. The word “mike” is a(n) ____.
A.acronym
B. blend
C. clipped word
D. coined word
28. The pronoun "our" was once spelt as "ure/urum" in Old English and "oure" in Middle English.
It is the result of going through _____.
A. a change in "agreement" rule
B. a change in negation rule
C. a process of simplification
D. the loss of inflections
29. The word “motel” is a(n) ____.
A. acronym
B. blend
C. clipped word
D. coined word
30. “Down you come, chaps!” belongs to ____ language.
A. intimate
B. frozen
C. consultative
D. casual
31. The linguist____ is the one who distinguishes three social variables (Field, Mode, Tenor) that
determine the register.
A. Chomsky
B. Halliday
C. Bloomfield
D. Skinner
32. The Eiffel Tower belongs to ____ culture.
A. spiritual
B. material
C. folk
D. none of the above
33. Langua ge acquisition refers to the child‟s acquisition of his ____.
A. second language
B. foreign language
C. target language
D. mother tongue
34. The first consonants the child can make are made with the lips and they are ____.
A. [p, b, d]
B. [t, d, k]
C. [t, d, m]
D. [p, b, m]
35. If the child calls all wo men “Aunt”, then we may say the child has ____ the meaning of the
word “Aunt”.
A. overgeneralized
B. overextended
C. overused
D. overstressed
36. The chief exponent of the behaviorist view of language acquisition is ____.
A. Bloomfield
B. Chomsky
C. Firth
D. Skinner
37. It has been claimed that the garden path effect results from two principles of parsing: _____.
A. minimal attachment and late closure
B. word and sentence ambiguity
C. selectional restrictions and hierarchical structure
D. lateralization and aphasia
38. Instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of ____.
A. pronunciation
B. syntax
C. lexis
D. all of the above
39. Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization?
A. Jane told me to give up smoking.
B. Jane asked me to give up smoking.
C. Jane hoped me to give up smoking.
D. Jane advised me to give up smoking.
40. Which of the following is an example of overgeneralization?
A. sheep
B. stories
C. books
D. foots
II. True or False: Decide whether the following statements are true or false (A for True, and
B for False). Put your response on the Answer Sheet. (10%, 0.5 x 20 items)
41. The difference between langue and parole was made in the early 20th century.
42. Cultural transmission means that the details of the language system are genetically transmitted
from generation to generation.
43. The transcription normally used in dictionaries and textbooks is narrow transcription.
44. Spectrographs are used in acoustic phonetics.
45. In English, pronouns belong to open class words.
46. Some derivational morphemes do not change the grammatical class of its root.
47. Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a
particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.
48. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain the elements of head, specifier
and complement.
49. When a word becomes a new word by means of functional shift, it means that there is no
addition of any affix.
50. The word "holiday" we use today has gone through a process of narrowing of meaning.
51. One of the most important features of diglossia is the specialization of function of the two
varieties.
52. As a result of increasing immigration in the world, bilingualism is spreading.
53. Language helps perpetuate the culture, and the changes in language uses reflect the cultural
changes in return.
54. Each culture presents to its members the ideas and concepts that culture transmits from
generation to generation.
55. Not all the children achieve the same level of language development.
56. Children tend to learn to acquire the sound of [t] before [p].
57. Second language acquisition established itself as a discipline around the 1970s.
58. According to the Input Hypothesis, there is a formula: i + 1, where i represents learner's
current state of knowledge, and the next stage is "i + 1".
59. Language processing involves either bottom-up or top-down processing.
60. It is found that left-handers are generally less lateralized for language.
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Introduction to Linguistics Final Exam, Jan. 30th, 2007.
Part B (10%; 50 minutes)
III. Explain each of the following linguistic phenomena, indicating (a) the relevant theory or approach in brackets at the end of the text, (b) your understanding of it, and (c) its implication or your conclusion. Write your response (in English) in the blanks given.
(10%, 5x2 items)
61. A: Did you ask Uncle and Auntie to come, John?
B: I asked Uncle to come, Mum. (Cooperative Principle)
62. Alexander Pope puts his poem entitled An Empty House in a form as follows:
You beat your pate, and fancy wit will
come:
knock as you please, there is nobody at
home.
(language change)。