2012年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation
Structure and V ocabulary
1．As the world’s largest grain exporter, the United States has______power over the world food distribution system.
A．assorted
B．unrivaled
C．compounded
D．intrigued
正确答案：B
解析：形容词词义辨析。

assorted“组合的；混杂的”；unrivaled“无敌的，无比的，至高无上的”；compounded“复合的，化合的”；intrigued“好奇的；被迷住的”。

根据句意能与power(控制权)搭配的形容词只能是unrivaled。

故答案为B。

2．The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to______, but rather to increase with every new discovery.
A．clarify
B．eliminate
C．diminish
D．extinguish
正确答案：C
解析：动词词义辨析。

空后的but一词表示转折，所以此空应填入与increase 意思相反的词，选项中只有diminish(使减少；使变小)符合这个要求。

故答案为C。

eliminate“排除，消除”；extinguish“熄灭；压制”。

3．Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more______emotion.
A．compelling
B．abiding
C．violent
D．sophisticated
正确答案：B
解析：形容词词义辨析。

compelling“引人注目的；强制的”；abiding“持久的，永久的”；violent“猛烈的，暴力的”；sophisticated“久经世故的，复杂的”。

根据句意，空格填入的词语应与deeper意思相近，选项中只有abiding符合题意。

故答案为B。

4．The new range of products______last autumn is already selling far better than is expected.
A．launched
B．marketed
C．prevailed
D．envisioned
正确答案：A
解析：动词词义辨析。

填入的动词与new range of products搭配，选项中的launch有“发布(新产品)”的意思，符合题意。

故答案为A。

其他选项，market “营销，推销”；prevail“盛行，流行；战胜”；envision“想象，预想”均不符合题意。

5．Einstein was a man deeply______to the ideal of the morally responsible scientist.
A．affected
B．committed
C．subjected
D．maintained
正确答案：B
解析：固定用法。

commit to为固定搭配，意为“交付，把……投入；使致力于，对……作出承诺”。

故答案为B。

6．I am______to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.
A．gratified
B．unforgettable
C．desirous
D．indebted
正确答案：D
解析：形容词词义辨析。

空后提到“我”刚到这儿时，善良的莫里森先生给予“我”极大的关心，选项中只有indebted(感激的，受惠的)符合题意。

故答案为D。

gratified“称心的”；unforgettable“难忘的”；desirous“渴望的，想要的”。

7．Some sociologists are worried about the ______ competition for status that is intensified throughout the whole society.
A．fraudulent
B．generous
C．dynamic
D．compulsive
正确答案：D
解析：形容词词义辨析。

根据句意，空格填入的词应与intensified意思相近，选项中compulsive(强制的，强迫的)符合要求，意为“人们对地位的竞争意识”。

故答案为D。

fraudulent“欺骗性的，不诚实的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；dynamic“动态的”。

8．With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the______of a very hard winter.
A．expectation
B．prospect
C．promise
D．damage
正确答案：B
解析：名词词义辨析。

根据句意，空格填入的词应与severe shortage呼应，选项中prospect(前途，预期；景色)填入此处，意为“面临着一个非常困难的冬季”，符合题意。

故答案为B。

9．If securities of a foreign corporation are sold in the US, the corporation is______to the US law.
A．dedicated
B．subject
C．projected
D．loyal
正确答案：B
解析：固定用法。

be subject to意为“服从，受支配，从属于”，为固定用法。

projected(投射的)和loyal(忠诚的，忠心的)，没有be+adj.+to的用法，而be dedicated to意为“奉献，从事于，献身于”，填入此处与句意不符。

故答案为B。

10．Historians share one fundamental______that we can learn from the mistakes of our past.
A．assumption
B．supposition
C．ideology
D．ethos
正确答案：A
解析：近义词辨析。

assumption，supposition均有“假设，假想”之意。

assumption 侧重主观推测或主观设想；supposition表示某种试探性的主观看法或建议。

句中that引导的名词性从句作空格词的同位语，从后面的内容判定assumption符合题意。

故答案为A。

11．New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods______.
A．efficient
B．emergent
C．obsolete
D．nostalgic
正确答案：C
解析：形容词词义辨析。

本句中：New technology和traditional farming machinery and methods形成对比，新技术使得传统的农业机械和方法过时了。

选项中的obsolete(废弃的；过时的，老式的)符合题意。

故答案为C。

efficient“有效率的”；emergent“紧急的，意外的”；nostalgic“怀旧的，乡愁的”。

12．The term nonverbal communication______a number of categories: body language, vocal intonations, physical objects, and space, among others.
A．embraces
B．classifies
C．constitutes
D．intervenes
正确答案：A
解析：动词词义辨析。

选项中能与a number of categories搭配的动词只有embrace(拥抱；包含)，意为“言语交际这个术语包含很多的范畴”。

故答案为A。

13．The initial results of the experiment didn’t______ quite as expected, to their disappointment.
A．take place
B．end up
C．bring about
D．turn out
正确答案：D
解析：动词词组辨析。

take place“发生；举行”；end up“结束；死亡”；bring about“引起；使掉头”；turn out“生产，结果是”。

根据句意，最初结果与他们预计的相差甚多。

故答案为D。

14．She is trying to______him by phone as she has some very important news for him.
A．touch
B．reach
C．relate
D．connect
正确答案：B
解析：动词词义辨析。

根据句中的phone判断，空格填入的是“联系”某人，是及物动词，选项中符合这两点的只有reach(达到；影响；抵达)。

故答案为B。

relate后接to；connect后接to／with。

15．James is quite ______with the customs and languages of the people in that part of the country.
A．knowledgeable
B．common
C．aware
D．familiar
正确答案：D
解析：固定用法。

be familiar with“熟悉”，为固定用法。

故答案为D。

16．They did not realize that they had______a crime by cutting down the tree.
A．performed
B．undertaken
C．made
D．committed
正确答案：D
解析：固定用法。

commit a crime“犯罪，犯下罪行，因……犯罪”，为常用搭配。

故答案为D。

17．Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial______on your health.
A．impact
B．generation
C．disposition
D．dependence
正确答案：A
解析：固定用法。

have a beneficial impact on“对……产生有益的影响”。

generation和disposition后不接介词on，而have a beneficial dependence on意为“对……依赖，对……依靠”，填入此处不符合句意。

故答案为A。

18．The teacher wanted to make the students realize that reading good literature is a good way to broaden their______.
A．vision
B．horizon
C．scope
D．expansion
正确答案：B
解析：名词词义辨析。

vision“视力；想象力”；horizon“视野，眼界”；scope “范围，余地”；expansion“膨胀；扩张物”。

结合本题要填入的是“拓宽视野”。

故答案为B。

19．He implied that the President had lied and______obstructed justice.
A．nonetheless
B．however
C．thereby
D．likewise
正确答案：C
解析：逻辑关系。

空前面提到总统撒了谎，这是原因。

空后提到阻碍了司法公正，这是结果，前后具有因果关系。

故答案为C。

20． A team of researchers______the problem of diseases connected with contaminated milk.
A．address
B．interact
C．wonder
D．react
正确答案：A
解析：动词词义辨析。

address“演说；从事，忙于”；interact“互相影响，互相作用”；wonder“怀疑，惊奇，对感到惊讶”；react“反应，影响”。

根据句意，A team of researchers应该是“从事”相关疾病的研究。

故答案为A。

Cloze
If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to【C1】______that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science【C2】______it can make informed decisions and not 【C3】______them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude【C4】______science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of【C5】______that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn’t understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon【C6】______of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important【C7】______behind support for the Green parties. What can be done to【C8】______this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often【C9】______in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don’t see its【C10】______to the world around
them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people.
21．【C1】
A．assess
B．discern
C．ensure
D．anticipate
正确答案：C
解析：动词词义辨析。

assess“评定，估价”；discern“识别；领悟”；ensure “保证，确保”；anticipate“预期；抢先”。

根据句意为“至少要尽力确保它们所带来的改变是朝着正确的方向”。

ensure符合题意。

故答案为C。

22．【C2】
A．because
B．so that
C．despite that
D．though
正确答案：B
解析：逻辑关系。

根据空前的have a basic understanding of science和空后的make informed decisions判断，前后为因果关系，能引导结果从句的连词只能是so that。

故答案为B。

23．【C3】
A．clutch
B．leave
C．fabricate
D．nurture
正确答案：B
解析：固定搭配。

空格所在句意为：……而不是在专家的掌握之中。

leave…in是固定搭配，意为“把……留在……内；让……留在里面”。

故答案为B。

24．【C4】
A．about
B．with
C．upon
D．toward
正确答案：D
解析：介词用法。

根据句意，是公众“对于”科学的attitude。

选项中的toward(向，对于，为了)符合题意。

故答案为D。

25．【C5】
A．living
B．life
C．survival
D．lives
正确答案：A
解析：固定用法。

“生活水平”习惯用法为the standard of living。

living符合题意。

故答案为A。

26．【C6】
A．literature
B．person
C．art
D．figure
正确答案：D
解析：名词词义辨析。

根据句意，此处是“卡通人物”，figure可以指绘画作品中的人物。

故答案为D。

27．【C7】
A．role
B．concept
C．element
D．index
正确答案：C
解析：名词词义辨析。

role“角色，人物”；concept“观念，概念”；element “元素，要素”；index“指标，指数”。

选项中，能与support for the Green parties(支持绿党)搭配的名词只能是element。

故答案为C。

28．【C8】
A．constrain
B．harness
C．foster
D．extinguish
正确答案：B
解析：动词词义辨析。

constrain“驱使；强迫；束缚”；harness“治理；利用；驾驭”；foster“培养，养育”；extinguish“熄灭；压制”。

根据句意，这里只能是利用this interest。

故答案为B。

29．【C9】
A．presented
B．conducted
C．portrayed
D．utilized
正确答案：A
解析：动词词义辨析。

根据句意，科学常常以dry and uninteresting形式“呈现”，present(提出；介绍；呈现)符合题意。

故答案为A。

30．【C10】
A．meaning
B．contribution
C．application
D．relevance
正确答案：D
解析：固定搭配。

relevance与to搭配，意为“与……关联”。

空格所在句意为“孩子看不到科学与周边世界的关联性”。

故答案为D。

Reading Comprehension
During the 1700s and 1800s, major fighting during wars generally ceased for the winters and armies took up winter encampments. As winter descended upon Pennsylvania in 1777, General George Washington chose Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, some eighteen miles west of Philadelphia as site of the winter encampment of the Continental Army. The area was far enough away from the British in Philadelphia to discourage surprise attacks and its location between high hills and the Schuylkill River made it easily defensible. The Continental Army, however, was in bad shape. Of the 12,000 soldiers, many lacked the supplies or clothing to Survive the winter and many others were starving at this point. At Valley Forge, defense lines were built along with over 1, 000 huts to provide some relief from the brutal elements. Moisture from rain and melting snow made it impossible for many soldiers to stay dry and allowed for the spread of disease. The only reliable food that the soldiers received was a mixture of flour and water known as “firecake”. Occasionally, soldiers received meat and bread. Furthermore, many soldiers had inadequate supplies of clothing and were forced to endure the winter in tatters and without blankets. Many lacked shoes. Wounded soldiers often died from exposure to the elements. Unsanitary and crowded conditions led to the proliferation of diseases and sicknesses such as typhoid and pneumonia. Over 2, 000 people died from such sicknesses. On February 23 , 1778, former German General Baron von Steuben arrived at Valley Forge to train the Patriots how to march in formation, fire guns quickly, use bayonets and become soldiers. Though von Steuben spoke little English, he developed a training manual in
French that would be translated on the grounds into English. Unlike many American generals, von Steuben worked directly with the soldiers, endearing him to the thousands suffering at Valley Forge. V on Steuben’s presence did much to improve the morale of the army during the bitter winter and also helped them develop into a more tactical, effective military machine, capable of fighting the British. On June 19, 1778, the Continental Army left Valley Forge in pursuit of the British who were moving north to New York.
31．Why did General Washington choose Valley Forge as the site of his army’s winter encampment?
A．It was close to a source of water.
B．It was warmer than any other encampments.
C．Its location made it easy to defend.
D．It was the only place where he wouldn’t be attacked.
正确答案：C
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词General Washington choose Valley Forge 定位原文首段第二句。

选择的原因在首段尾句，原句中made it easily defensible 与选项C对应。

故答案为C。

32．How was Baron von Steuben different from American generals?
A．He never worked directly with soldiers.
B．He worked directly with soldiers.
C．He would go into battle with soldiers.
D．He liked the British.
正确答案：B
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词Baron yon Steuben定位原文第三段，再根据different fromAmerican generals具体定位到原文第三段第三句。

原句中的worked directly with the soldiers与选项B对应。

故答案为B。

33．What was probably the most important contributions made by Baron von Steuben?
A．He helped transform the Continental Army into an army that could actually fight the British.
B．He taught the soldiers how to use bayonets.
C．He taught the soldiers that their Generals did not have to speak good English.
D．He provided the soldiers with things to laugh about.
正确答案：A
解析：细节推断题。

原文第三段简述了Baron von Steuben训练军队的过程。

根据第三段尾句中helped，the British与选项A重现，尾句中develop into，capable of分别与选项A中的transform…into，could actually对应。

故答案为A。

而B、
C、D项讲述的都属于具体的某个事例，不全面。

34．What happened last?
A．The Continental Army learned to fire guns faster and to use bayonets.
B．The Continental Army began their pursuit of the British.
C．It was April 1778 when the war finally came to an end.
D．Baron V on Steuben arrived.
正确答案：B
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词happened last定位原文尾段。

原句中的the Continental Army，pursuit of the British与选项B重现。

故答案为B。

Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually takes to produce a spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work carefully, returns to the task, steps back, returns, steps back, again and again. Anthony Burgess, one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, “I might revise a page twenty times. “Ronald Dahl, the popular children’s writer, states, “By the time I’m nearing the end of a story, the first part will have been reread and changed and corrected at least 150 times... Good writing is essentially rewriting. I am positive of this. “Rewriting isn’t something that ought to be done. It is simply something that most writers find they have to do to discover what they have to say and how to say it. It is a condition of the writer’s life. There are, however, a few writers who do little formal rewriting, primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page. And some writers slowly produce finished pages, performing all the tasks of revision, page by page. But it is still possible to see the sequence followed by most writers most of the time in rereading their own work. Most writers can scan their draft first, reading as quickly as possible to catch the larger problems of subject and form, then move in closer and closer as they read and write, reread and rewrite.
35．What does the student writer fail to do?
A．To have enough time to devote to writing.
B．To find his disadvantage in writing.
C．To see his works complete.
D．To observe other writers rewrite.
正确答案：D
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词the student writer定位原文首段第二句。

原句中的returns to thetask，steps back，returns，steps back，again and again与选项D对应，学牛作家往往看到的只是文学的成品，从来没看到作家斟酌、重写、修改的过程。

故答案为D。

36．What do we know about Anthony Burgess?
A．He is the first person to find the disadvantage of the student writer.
B．He is a craftsman who always regrets what he has done and therefore redoes it.
C．He has published many literary works.
D．He enjoys writing on the same page many times.
正确答案：C
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词Anthony Burgess定位原文首段第三句。

原句中的one of the mostproductive writers与选项C中的many literary works对应。

故答案为C。

37．Why do some writers do little formal rewriting?
A．Because they can do the mental rewriting.
B．Because they are not positive of what they have to say or how to say it.
C．Because they believe rewriting is not worthwhile.
D．Because they have to find their pages first before they write.
正确答案：A
解析：细节推断题。

根据题干关键词do little formal rewriting定位原文第二段首句。

原句中的minds，review a large number of invisible drafts分别与选项A 中的mental，rewriting对应。

故答案为A。

38．What do most writers have in common?
A．Spending a great deal of time plotting and drafting.
B．Performing all the tasks of revision at once.
C．Spending most of their time reading other’s works.
D．Rereading and rewriting their works.
正确答案：D
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词most writers定位原文尾段。

原句中的reread and rewrite与选项D中的Rereading and rewriting对应。

故答案为D。

He brought an entirely new level of style and sophistication to jazz music. Although a gifted piano player, Duke Ellington used the orchestra as his principal instrument. He considered himself a composer and arranger rather than just a musician, like Jelly Roll Morton before him. It was in 1917 when Duke began playing music professionally in Washington, D. C. Stride piano players like James P. Johnson and Willie “The Lion”Smith influenced his piano technique. Duke led a band called The Washingtonians, which played at The Hollywood Club in Manhattan(the club was later renamed as the Kentucky Club). This band acquired a style all its own when trumpet player Bubber Miley joined it, bringing with him his unique plunger-mute style of playing. Called the “Jungle Sound,” this sound came to
be largely responsible for Ellington’s early success. A good example of this style of playing is the song East St. Louis Toodle-Oo. In 1924, the group recorded their first album, Choo Choo(Gotta Hurry Home and Rainy Nights(Rainy Days)). However, the band didn’t hit the big time until after Irving Mills became their manager and publisher in 1926. In 1927, the band rerecorded versions of East St. Louis Toodle-Oo, then debuted two songs that would be associated with Duke the for rest of his career, Black and Tan Fantasy and Creole Love Call. Ellington’s Orchestra, unlike many of its contemporaries, was able to make the transition from 1920s hot jazz of the to 1930s swing music. One song it played, It Don’t Mean a Thing(If It Ain’t Got That Swing), even came to define the era. What kept the Ellington Orchestra a major force in jazz was this very ability to adapt and grow with the times. The fame and influence of Ellington continued to grow throughout the 40s and 50s. His band continued to come up with jazz standards like Take the “A” Train, Perdido, the “C”Jam Blues, and Satin Doll. Duke wrote several religious pieces in the 1960s. He also composed The Far East Suite, then also collaborated with a highly diverse group of jazz musicians, among them Charles Mingus and Max Roach with whom he played a trio.
39．What is the main topic of this passage?
A．The life of Duke Ellington.
B．The shift from jazz to swing music.
C．The music of Duke Ellington.
D．The development of jazz music.
正确答案：C
解析：主旨题。

整篇文章围绕的都是Duke Ellington的乐队及他给爵士乐、摇摆舞等音乐带来的风格变化。

故答案为C。

40．According to the passage, Duke Ellington worked as all of the following EXCEPT as a______.
A．band leader
B．singer
C．band manager
D．composer
正确答案：C
解析：细节判断题。

根据题干关键词Duke Ellington定位原文首段尾句和第二段第二句。

A，B和D项都是Ellington的身份，只有C项未提及。

故答案为C。

41．Which of the following statements would the author of this passage most probably agree with?
A．Duke Ellington’s resistance to change caused the collapse of his musical career.
B．Duke Ellington did most of his jazz compositions in collaboration with others.
C．Duke Ellington’s classical compositions are his greatest contribution to music.
D．Duke Ellington’s sophisticated musical style greatly influenced the jazz genre.
正确答案：D
解析：细节推断题。

根据原文尾段首句、第二句the fame and influence和jazz standards分别与选项D中的greatly influenced和jazz genre对应。

故答案为D。

A项的表述错误，B和C项的表述则都过于绝对。

42．All of the following statements about Duke Ellington are true EXCEPT______.
A．He trained several bands to perform his jazz music.
B．He had always performed with his own band.
C．He was a major influence in jazz music.
D．He composed many songs that defined a certain period.
正确答案：A
解析：细节判断题。

根据原文第二段第三句可知选项B正确。

根据第三段第二句可知选项D正确。

根据第三段尾句可知选项C正确。

只有A项文中未提及，故答案为A。

The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into education would remove the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time had the humanists thought that the study of the classical authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them, and has almost managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgil’s Aeneid. The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it teaches a child something about the actual universe in which he is living in making him acquainted with the results of scientific discovery, and at the same time teaches him how to think logically and inductively by studying scientific method. A certain limited success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically none at all in the second. Those privileged members of the community who have been through a secondary or public school education may be expected to know something about the elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they probably know hardly more than any bright boy can pick up from an interest in wireless or scientific hobbies out of school hours. As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is probably a farce. Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely the reverse, that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such as racial theories or
currency myths, shows that fifty years of education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has produced no visible effect whatever. The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience, and, until the educational or social systems are altered to make this possible, the best we can expect is the production of a minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques of science and a still smaller minority who are able to use and develop them.
43．The author implies that the “professional schoolmaster”(Line 5)has______.
A．no interest in teaching science
B．thwarted attempts to enliven education
C．supported the humanists
D．been a pioneer in both science and humanities
正确答案：B
解析：细节推理题。

根据题干信息定位原文首段尾句。

原文首段第二句和尾句提到专业校长对经院哲学的学习dull pedantry and superstition，使学生们对化学反应的理解as dull and as dogmatic，这些内容与选项B(与活泼教育背道而驰)对应。

故答案为B。

44．The author blames all of the following for the failure to impart scientific method through the education system except______.
A．lack of interest on the part of students
B．poor teaching
C．examination methods
D．the social and education systems
正确答案：A
解析：细节事实题。

根据原文尾段第五句“Actually，for the convenience of teachers and the requirementsof the examination system…”和尾段尾句“…until the educatiohal or social systems are altered to makethis possible…”可知B，C和D项都是作者责备通过教育体系传递科学的方法失败的原因，而A项未提及。

故答案为A。

45．If the author were to study current education in science to see how things have changed since he wrote the piece, he would probably be most interested in the answer to which of the following questions?
A．Do students know more about the world about them?
B．Do students spend more time in laboratories?
C．Can students apply their knowledge logically?
D．Have textbooks improved?
正确答案：C
解析：推理题。

原文尾段首句呼吁科学教育，使孩子们了解他们所生存的actual universe，首句中的think logically and inductively by studying scientific method(以科学的方法培养逻辑思维和进行归纳)与选项C对应。

故答案为C。

46．All of the following can be inferred from the text except______.
A．at the time of writing, not all children received a secondary school education B．it is relatively easy to learn scientific method
C．science teaching has imparted some knowledge of facts to some children
D．the author believes that many teachers are authoritarian
正确答案：B
解析：细节判断题。

文章讲述由于各种各样的原因导致科学方法实践的难度。

根据尾段首句的前半部分可知C正确。

根据尾段第三句的后半句可知A正确。

根据尾段第二句中的A certain limitedsuccess与选项B中的relatively easy矛盾，可知B选项的表达不对。

故答案为B。

If Catlin was the painter of the American Indian, and Bierstadt the portrayer of the Rocky Mountains, the artist of the Western cowboys and settlers was Frederic Remington. Born in Canton, New York, the son of a wealthy publisher, Remington was a boxer and a football player at Yale—the last name one would expect to become the artist of the old west. But as a boy he loved horses, and fed on the journals of George Catlin and Lewis and Clark. At the age of nineteen, he left college to look for adventure. He traveled form Montana to Texas, as a cow puncher and prospector. Remington had always been interested in journalism. Now he began to write down, and to paint and sketch what he saw. The subject of “Winning of the West”so fascinated the East that magazines and newspapers were crammed with accounts of the prospector’s adventures, and of battles with rustlers and other outlaws —all the tales that were then news and have since become legends in American history. There are also stories contributed by Bret Harte, Richard Harding Davis, Joaquin Miller, and many more. Often these were illustrated by sketches and paintings from Remington’s hand, but it was as a sculptor that Remington was the greatest artist.
47．The writer’s purpose in the passage is to______.
A．compare Remington with Catlin and Bierstadt
B．show how the news stories of one age become the legends of the next
C．describe the major works of Remington
D．outline Remington’s career
正确答案：D
解析：主旨题。

整篇文章讲述的是Remington在不同阶段所从事的不同职业。

故答案为D。

48．Bierstadt’s relationship to the Rocky Mountain can be compared to that
Remington’s to______.
A．New York
B．Yale University
C．the stories of Bret Harte
D．the cowboys of the West
正确答案：D
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词Bierstadt定位原文首段首句。

题干中的Remington与原文首段首句重现，其对应的内容是the Western cowboys，与选项D重现。

故答案为D。

49．During his youth, Remington read the writings of______.
A．Harte
B．Catlin
C．Bierstadt
D．Miller
正确答案：B
解析：细节事实题。

根据题干关键词During his youth定位原文首段。

首段第三句中的fed on与题干中的read为同意替换，紧接着的George Catlin与选项B对应。

故答案为B。

50．Remington based his art on the______.
A．stories he read in newspapers
B．things he had seen and experienced
C．paintings he copied from Catlin and Bierstadt
D．principles he had learned at Yale
正确答案：B
解析：概括题。

根据题干关键词his an与原文首段第七句write down对应，据此进行定位。

原句中topaint and sketch what he saw与选项B对应，Remington 是根据自己所见和所经历的进行作品创作。

故答案为B。

English-Chinese Translation
51．As an ecological approach to Translation Studies, Eco-translatology views translation as an entire translational eco-system, and focuses on the relationship between the translator and this translational eco-environment. A translational eco-environment is construed as a highly integrated entity that comprises the actual text, the cultural context and the human agents, as well as other tangible and intangible ingredients. In Eco-translatology, translation activities are described and interpreted in terms of such ecological principles as holism, relevance, dynamics, balance and harmony, together with ecological aesthetics. Some elements of classical Chinese or Oriental philosophies and cultural quintessence are projected in this
nascent approach.
正确答案：生态翻译学作为翻译学的一种生态途径，把翻译视为整个翻译生态系统，聚焦译者与翻译生态环境之间的关系。

人们把翻译生态系统解释为一个高度完整的实体，这个实体是由实际环境、文化环境、以人为主体以及其他有形的物质和无形的成分构成的。

在生态翻译学中，人们把翻译活动描述并理解成如整体论、相对论、动力学、平衡协调术和生态美学等生态法则。

这种初始的方法折射出的是古文、东方哲学和文化精髓的某些元素。

Chinese-English Translation
52．这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行色匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。

虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。

正确答案：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts environments, with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts is wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation.。