近景数字摄影测量系统编码点检测关...
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第四章 改进的亚像素边缘检测方法 ............................................ 19
§4.1 方法改进思路 ................................................................. 19 §4.2 改进后的算法 ................................................................. 19
2.3.1 Sobel 算子 .................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Prewitt 算子 ................................................................ 8 2.3.3 LOG 算子 .................................................................... 8 2.3.4 经典的 Canny 算子 ............................................................ 9 §2.4 本章小结 ..................................................................... 13
3) The realization of coded mark detection. The identification of coded mark is tested based on related recognition method to verify the good performance of proposed approaches.
KEY WORDS: sub-pixel, edge detection, adaptive selection, gradient, coded mark, the ellipse fitting
ii
河北工业大学硕士学位论文
目录
第一章 绪 论 ..................................................................... 1
1) 介绍并仿真像素级边缘检测算子。通过对几种常用边缘检测算子的详细介绍，从 算法上定性比较了它们的优缺点，再通过对同一幅图像用这几种算子进行边缘检测的实 验，定量分析它们的检测效果，得出 Canny 算子优于其他算子的结论。同时也看出像素 级的边缘检测精度难以满足工业测量的高精度要求。
2) 比较现有亚像素边缘检测方法并提出改进。介绍几种经典的亚像素边缘检测算法， 通过对算法思路分析，指出其不足之处。提出将计算坐标系按着粗定位边缘点梯度方向旋 转并自适应选择计算邻域的改进思路。通ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้仿真实验比较改进前后的几种算法，得出改进 后算法在精度及稳定性上都有所提高，是有效可行的。
Dissertation/Thesis Submitted to Hebei University of Technology
for The Master Degree of Communication and Information System
Research on Coded Mark Detection in Close-Range Digital Photogrammetric System
第二章 像素级边缘检测算法 ................................................... 5
§2.1 边缘检测原理 .................................................................. 5 §2.2 边缘检测步骤 .................................................................. 6 §2.3 几种经典的检测算子 ............................................................ 7
2) Compared the existing sub-pixel detection algorithms and proposed the improvement. By the analysis of algorithms ideas, founding some shortcomings, then proposing a new method, and its coordinate system is rotated in the gradient direction of the rough location contour points. In addition, the neighborhood of center points can be calculated adaptively. Experimental results show the improved sub-pixel edge detection method is superior to the original methods in measurement precision and stability.
§1.1 论文选题的背景及意义 .......................................................... 1 §1.2 近景数字摄影测量系统编码点识别关键技术概述 .................................... 2
1.2.1 图像边缘检测技术 ............................................................ 2 1.2.2 亚像素检测技术 .............................................................. 2 1.2.3 编码点设计与识别技术 ........................................................ 3 §1.3 论文主要的研究内容和章节安排 .................................................. 3
ABSTRACT
Close-range digital photogrammetric technique is a kind of image analysis based on computer vision theory, and it has been used in commercial measurement. Coded mark detection is one of the key technologies in Close-range digital photogrammetric system. The detection precision of coded mark will impact the whole photogrammetric. Because the shortcomings of the existing algorithms, a new center detection method is proposed. The main objective in this paper as follows:
1) The introduction and emulation of pixel edge detection. Introduced several detection methods, compared their merits and demerits. Then the same image edge detection experiment with these methods, the result analysis concludes that Canny algorithm is better than other algorithms. But the precision of these methods could not meet the requirements of high precision in industrial production.
4.2.1 改进的二次多项式插值法 ..................................................... 20 4.2.2 改进的高斯曲面拟合法 ....................................................... 20 §4.3 圆形标志的中心点定位 ......................................................... 21 4.3.1 经典的椭圆拟合方法 ......................................................... 21 4.3.2 改进的椭圆拟合方法 ......................................................... 23
第三章 亚像素级边缘检测算法 ................................................ 14
§3.1 亚像素边缘检测的基本原理 ..................................................... 14 §3.2 几种亚像素边缘检测算法 ....................................................... 15
3.2.1 梯度幅值均值法 ............................................................. 15 3.2.2 二次多项式插值法 ........................................................... 16 3.2.3 高斯拟合法 ................................................................. 17 3.2.4 Steger 边缘检测算法......................................................... 18 §3.3 本章小结 ..................................................................... 18
3) 介绍并实现对编码点的检测识别。详细介绍了编码点从设计、检测到解码的各种 技术，用改进的检测方法成功对实际编码点进行检测识别，进一步说明了改进算法的有效 性。
关键词：亚像素，边缘检测，自适应选择，梯度，编码标志点，椭圆拟合
i
近景数字摄影测量系统编码点检测关键技术研究
Research on Coded Mark Detection in Close-Range Digital Photogrammetric System
by Xu Ce
Supervisor: Prof. Zhao Quanming
December 2011
河北工业大学硕士学位论文
近景数字摄影测量系统编码点检测关键技术研究
摘要
近景数字摄影测量系统是一种基于计算机视觉理论的图像分析技术，已广泛应用于工 业测量中。编码标志点检测是近景数字摄影测量系统的关键技术之一，其检测精度关系到 整个系统的测量精度。针对现有算法的不足之处，本论文提出了改进后的检测方法以进一 步提高精度。论文主要工作如下：
§4.1 方法改进思路 ................................................................. 19 §4.2 改进后的算法 ................................................................. 19
2.3.1 Sobel 算子 .................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Prewitt 算子 ................................................................ 8 2.3.3 LOG 算子 .................................................................... 8 2.3.4 经典的 Canny 算子 ............................................................ 9 §2.4 本章小结 ..................................................................... 13
3) The realization of coded mark detection. The identification of coded mark is tested based on related recognition method to verify the good performance of proposed approaches.
KEY WORDS: sub-pixel, edge detection, adaptive selection, gradient, coded mark, the ellipse fitting
ii
河北工业大学硕士学位论文
目录
第一章 绪 论 ..................................................................... 1
1) 介绍并仿真像素级边缘检测算子。通过对几种常用边缘检测算子的详细介绍，从 算法上定性比较了它们的优缺点，再通过对同一幅图像用这几种算子进行边缘检测的实 验，定量分析它们的检测效果，得出 Canny 算子优于其他算子的结论。同时也看出像素 级的边缘检测精度难以满足工业测量的高精度要求。
2) 比较现有亚像素边缘检测方法并提出改进。介绍几种经典的亚像素边缘检测算法， 通过对算法思路分析，指出其不足之处。提出将计算坐标系按着粗定位边缘点梯度方向旋 转并自适应选择计算邻域的改进思路。通ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้仿真实验比较改进前后的几种算法，得出改进 后算法在精度及稳定性上都有所提高，是有效可行的。
Dissertation/Thesis Submitted to Hebei University of Technology
for The Master Degree of Communication and Information System
Research on Coded Mark Detection in Close-Range Digital Photogrammetric System
第二章 像素级边缘检测算法 ................................................... 5
§2.1 边缘检测原理 .................................................................. 5 §2.2 边缘检测步骤 .................................................................. 6 §2.3 几种经典的检测算子 ............................................................ 7
2) Compared the existing sub-pixel detection algorithms and proposed the improvement. By the analysis of algorithms ideas, founding some shortcomings, then proposing a new method, and its coordinate system is rotated in the gradient direction of the rough location contour points. In addition, the neighborhood of center points can be calculated adaptively. Experimental results show the improved sub-pixel edge detection method is superior to the original methods in measurement precision and stability.
§1.1 论文选题的背景及意义 .......................................................... 1 §1.2 近景数字摄影测量系统编码点识别关键技术概述 .................................... 2
1.2.1 图像边缘检测技术 ............................................................ 2 1.2.2 亚像素检测技术 .............................................................. 2 1.2.3 编码点设计与识别技术 ........................................................ 3 §1.3 论文主要的研究内容和章节安排 .................................................. 3
ABSTRACT
Close-range digital photogrammetric technique is a kind of image analysis based on computer vision theory, and it has been used in commercial measurement. Coded mark detection is one of the key technologies in Close-range digital photogrammetric system. The detection precision of coded mark will impact the whole photogrammetric. Because the shortcomings of the existing algorithms, a new center detection method is proposed. The main objective in this paper as follows:
1) The introduction and emulation of pixel edge detection. Introduced several detection methods, compared their merits and demerits. Then the same image edge detection experiment with these methods, the result analysis concludes that Canny algorithm is better than other algorithms. But the precision of these methods could not meet the requirements of high precision in industrial production.
4.2.1 改进的二次多项式插值法 ..................................................... 20 4.2.2 改进的高斯曲面拟合法 ....................................................... 20 §4.3 圆形标志的中心点定位 ......................................................... 21 4.3.1 经典的椭圆拟合方法 ......................................................... 21 4.3.2 改进的椭圆拟合方法 ......................................................... 23
第三章 亚像素级边缘检测算法 ................................................ 14
§3.1 亚像素边缘检测的基本原理 ..................................................... 14 §3.2 几种亚像素边缘检测算法 ....................................................... 15
3.2.1 梯度幅值均值法 ............................................................. 15 3.2.2 二次多项式插值法 ........................................................... 16 3.2.3 高斯拟合法 ................................................................. 17 3.2.4 Steger 边缘检测算法......................................................... 18 §3.3 本章小结 ..................................................................... 18
3) 介绍并实现对编码点的检测识别。详细介绍了编码点从设计、检测到解码的各种 技术，用改进的检测方法成功对实际编码点进行检测识别，进一步说明了改进算法的有效 性。
关键词：亚像素，边缘检测，自适应选择，梯度，编码标志点，椭圆拟合
i
近景数字摄影测量系统编码点检测关键技术研究
Research on Coded Mark Detection in Close-Range Digital Photogrammetric System
by Xu Ce
Supervisor: Prof. Zhao Quanming
December 2011
河北工业大学硕士学位论文
近景数字摄影测量系统编码点检测关键技术研究
摘要
近景数字摄影测量系统是一种基于计算机视觉理论的图像分析技术，已广泛应用于工 业测量中。编码标志点检测是近景数字摄影测量系统的关键技术之一，其检测精度关系到 整个系统的测量精度。针对现有算法的不足之处，本论文提出了改进后的检测方法以进一 步提高精度。论文主要工作如下：