精选2019年高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit1GreatScientists(含解析)新人教版必修5

Great Scientists
一、阅读理解。

Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.
Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
1.What can we learn about crossing one's legs?
A.It is a very bad social habit.
B.It is usually practiced deliberately.
C.It can make others feel uncomfortable.
D.It can do harm to people's health.
2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can______.
A.resist gravity effectively
B.affect your blood pressure
C.lead to heart attacks easily
D.improve the function of legs
3.In the third paragraph "pins and needles" probably means______.
A.serious muscle injuries
B.being a little nervous
C.slight sharp pains
D.being highly flexible
4.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To give readers some advice.
B.To compare common habits.
C.To evaluate effects of an experiment.
D.To introduce research methods.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。

1.D 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that
you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。

2.B 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase
your blood pressure.”可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。

4.A 【解析】文章意图题。

根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yoursel f in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。

二、语法填空。

China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__ (give) up its decades­long one­child policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__ (announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.
The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a communiqué (公报)__3__ (issue)
after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.
The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.
China's family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__ (control) the rapid __6__ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.
The one­child policy was __10__ (far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。

1．giving 考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，句子主语China与give up之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing形式作状语，故填giving。

2．announced 考查动词的时态。

根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。

3．issued 考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，issue与communiqué之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。

4．before 考查连词。

句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。

before “在……之前”。

5．to control 考查非谓语动词。

中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。

本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。

6．growth 考查词性转换。

此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。

7．to 考查介词。

limit ... to ... “限定……到……”是固定搭配。

8．who/that 考查定语从句的引导词。

夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。

本处先行词为parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。

9．a 考查冠词。

序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。

这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子”。

10．further 考查副词的比较级。

根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填further。