2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题(42)

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题〔42〕与答案
Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline(腰围), a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women started noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.
Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig Weight Management Program said: “In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long­term commitment in order to l ose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.〞
The “Food, Body, Mind〞 report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2,000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they were on a diet then and one in five women said they were on a “continuous di et〞．
It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their “reflection in the mirror〞， preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.
However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers’ polishing off their children’s leftovers(剩饭)was another common cause of weight gain.
( )11.Which of the following might be the best title for this article? A．Three reasons to fail in dieting B．Important things for successful diet
C．Obesity—a problem for 61.4% adults in the UK D．Four in ten women gain weight
on diets
( )12.Women who go on a diet ________.
A．are all overweight or obese
B．are likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight
C．all fail because they are not persistent enough
D．all end up heavier than when they start to diet
()13.The u nderlined word “triggers〞in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A．effects B．examples C．causes D．imagination
( )14.Which of the following is NOT the reason that many people quit dieting very soon?
A．The pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly.
B．Colleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks.
C．Reflections they see in the mirror.
D．Leftovers of children’s taken by their mothers.
( )15.In which column of the newspaper do you probably find the passage?
A．Health. B．Economy. C．Sports. D．Education.
(二)
本文为新闻，报道了最新的研究发现：靠节食减肥的女人在停止节食后又会出现增肥的现象。

11．D 主旨大意题。

本文为新闻，报道最新的研究发现，而该文的导语是第一段第一句，故根据Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline可知选D。

12．B 细节理解题。

根据第一段所介绍的研究结果可知，靠节食减肥的女人在达到她们的理想体重以后有可能出现反弹现象，即有可能重新增肥，应当选B。

13．C 词义猜测题。

根据第四段Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half可推断画线词即为reasons的近义词，应当选C。

14．C 细节理解题。

此题可采用排除法。

A项符合最后一段Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal；B项符合最后一段Others blamed colleagues, who
tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter；D 项符合最后一段mothers who polish off their children’s leftovers(剩饭)was another common cause of weight gain。

由此判断余下的C项不符合文意，应当选C。

15．A 推理判断题。

本文的话题是：靠节食减肥的女人在停止节食后又出现增肥现象。

此话题属健康范畴，应当选A。

Last week, we explained that the planet Mars has passed “opposition. 〞It passed a point opposite the Sun. This week, we tell about the planet’s s urprising motion(运动)among the stars.
For thousands of years, people have recognized that planets travel among the stars. The planets generally follow the path taken by the Sun through the sky. The Sun’s path is called the ecliptic. The groups of stars along the ecliptic are called the Zodiac.
The motion of the planets can be confusing at times. Everyone knows the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. But this is caused by the turning motion of the Earth. Planets generally move from west to east.
However, Mars will appear to move backward for about two months this year. This happens because the Earth is overtaking Mars on its way around the Sun. Mars began its backward, or westward, motion on May 11th, It will start moving eastward again on July 19th.
Mars’ apparent motion has been a mystery to astronomers for hundreds of years. Most early theories of the solar system argued that the Sun and planets turned around the Earth. But the sudden westward motion of Mars presented a problem. Why would Mars move west for two months when it nears “opposition〞?
In 1543, a Polish church worker named Nicolas Copernicus published a different theory. His theory said the Earth and planets moved around the Sun in perfectly
circular orbits. Copernicus’ theory was simpler. But his Sun –centered system still did not explain the observed motion of Mars very well.
Finally, a German mathematician named Johannes Kepler published a complete theory of the motion of the planets in 1619. He had carefully studied the motion of Mars for many years.
Johannes Kepler discovered that the planets do not move in circular orbits around the sun. Instead, they travel in flattened orbits called ellipses. Mars’ elliptical orbit is the cause of its unusual brightening this year and its apparent large size.
During the next several weeks, you can see for yourself why the mysterious motion of Mars has caused so many people to wonder.
63. From the passage we can learn that .
A. the sun and planets generally travel westward
B. Kepler studied the orbit of the planets in 1619
C. Copernicus’ theory well explained the motion of Mars
D. the Earth’s turning motion causes the sun to rise in the east
64. On July 19th Mars .
A. will pass the “opposition〞
B. appears to change its direction again
C. will begin to move westward
D. appears to change its orbit again
65. Why does Mars appear to be bigger and brighter when it passes “opposition〞?
A. It is overtaking the earth.
B. It follows the path of the sun.
C. It moves in an elliptical orbit.
D. It travels in a circular orbit.
66. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Recent Research into Mars
B. The Surprising Motion of Mars
C. The Great Discovery on Mars
D. The Wonderful Mystery of Mars
motion of the planets in 1619. Kepler在1619年出版了行星运动的完全理论〞可知，他的研究应该是在1619年之前，B错误；根据第六段最后一句“But his Sun –centered system still did not explain the observed motion of Mars very well.〞可知，C错误；根据第三段第二、三句“Everyone knows the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. But this is caused by the turning motion of the Earth.〞可知D正确。

【考点定位】考查推理判断题。

64. 【答案】B
【解析】根据第四段最后一句“Mars began its backward, or westward, motion on May 11th, It will start moving eastward again on July 19th. 〞可知，B正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解题。

65. 【答案】C
【解析】根据第八段最后一句“Mars’ elliptical orbit is the caus e of its unusual brightening this year and its apparent large size.〞可知，C正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解题。

66. 【答案】B
【解析】综合全文，文章主要讲今年火星Mars有两个月的时间是向西转动的，这与一般行星自西向东转动是相反的，因此B项符合题意。

【考点定位】考查标题总结题。

社会生活型阅读理解(二)
(一)
Someday a stranger will read your e­mail without your p ermission or scan the websites you’ve visited.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact，it’s likely that some of these things have already happened to you.Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a girlfriend，a marketing company, a boss，a policeman or a criminal.Whoever it is，they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen—the 21st century equal to being caught naked(裸露的)．Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though it’s important to reveal(透露)yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.Actually few boundaries remain.The digital breadcrumbs(面包屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are，where you are and what you like.In some cases，a simple Google search can reveal what you think.Like it or not，increasingly we_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secret. The key question is：Does that matter? Fo r many Americans, the answer apparently is“no〞．When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel t heir privacy is“slipping away, and that bothers me〞．
But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费亭)to avoid using the EZ­P ass system that contracts(跟踪) automobile movements.And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submit personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50­cent­off coupon(优惠券)．
But privacy does matter—at least sometimes.It’s like health: when you have it，you don’t notice it.Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.[
( )1.From Paragraph 2，we can infer________.
A．criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology
B．people tend to be more frank with each other in the information age
C．in the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets D．people’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge ( )2.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A．There should be a distance even between friends.
B．There should be fewer quarrels between friends.
C．Friends should always be faithful to each other.
D．Friends should open their hearts to each other.
( )3.Why does the author say“we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret〞？
A．There are always people who are curious about other’s affairs.
B．Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.
C．People leave traces around when using modern technology.
D．Modern society has finally developed into an open society.
( )4.What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A．They change behavior that might disclose their identity.
B．They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
C．They rely more and more on electronic equipment.
D．They use various loyalty cards for business deals.
( )5.According to the passage，privacy is like health in that ________.
A．its importance is rarely understood
B．it is something that can easily be lost
C．people will make every effort to keep it
D．people don’t treasure it until they lose it
(一)
主要论述在当今信息时代，个人信息因受他人窃取，而影响到私人空间。

1．D 推理判断题。

第二段提到，有谁会不经过你的许可就会注视着你呢？可能是女朋友、营销公司、老板、警察或者是罪犯。

无论他是谁，他们都会以你从来没有意想到的方式
看着你。

而注视你的人自然能获取你的个人信息，故可推断，人们的个人信息很容易在他们不知晓的情况下被他人获取。

应当选D。

2．A 细节理解题。

第三段Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though it’s important to reveal(透露)yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.提到，尽管在适当的时候向朋友、家人或爱人坦诚自己是重要的，但分界限是重要的，即：人与人之间还应该有适当的距离。

由此判断选A。

其他选项不符合文意。

3．C 推理判断题。

根据第三段可知，作者认为，与朋友之间应该有适当的距离，但实际上这种距离很少存在。

因为你留下的电子面包屑(即电子痕迹)使陌生人很容易窃取你的个人资料。

所以作者说，不管你喜欢或不喜欢，我们愈加生活在一个不能保密的世界里，应当选C。

其他选项不符合文意。

4．B 细节理解题。

根据When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me〞．可知，大多数美国人希望保存私人空间，但根据But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy.可知，他们对保护私人空间做得少。

应当选B。

5．D 细节理解题。

根据最后一段But privacy does matter—at least sometimes.It’s like health: when you have it，you don’t notice it.Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.可知，私人空间如同健康一样，拥有的时候不注意，失去的时候才觉得珍惜。

由此判断选D。

I have been passionate about sewing and fashion design since I was 12. Two years ago, I designed and made a set of outfits from recyclable materials for a charity fashion show. Through this highly meaningful and profound experience, I became aware of the importance of protecting and preserving our environment when designing and making fashion items, resulting in my founding an organization to promote eco —friendly, design and fashion.
My interest has led me to research areas of fashion that have environmental implications. For example , some popular clothing stores have announced marketing policies designed to improve the environment. For those of us who are eco - conscious, it is responsible for us to evaluate whether such policies are just a marketing promotion, or represent great efforts to protect our environment.
Three chain - stores, H&M, Urban Outfitters and Forever 21 ,have been promoting "green" items. After I examined their products, I have concluded that H&M and Urban Outfitters are truly helping the environment with their efforts, while Forever 21 seems to be using the "go green" trend as a way to sell more products, rather than genuinely help the environment.
Of these three stores, H&M has the most extensive eco -fashion plans. It is already well on its way to carrying out its plans by increasingly mixing organic cotton into their garments, as well as putting fully organic cotton items on the market. The store also belongs to the Organic Exchange Organization, which approves of growth of organic cotton. To reduce the harm from non - organic cotton production, H&M is involved with the Better Cotton Project. Mindful of the unfavorable effects of climate change, the store aims to minimize transportation and energy usage. H&M labels their eco -friendly products with an official symbol, the Flower, to represent a production system that is less harmful than most traditional processes. Because of these actions and policies, H&M is already well on its way to making a difference on the environment.
With its Urban Renewal brand, Urban Outfitter takes a different approach than H&M in promoting eco - friendly fashion. The brand features women' s clothes made from strictly environmentally -friendly sources, such as vintage, dead stock, or surplus clothing. Urban Renewal produces fashionable garments, and embraces being eco - friendly through recycling.
Unlike the other two stores above, Forever 21 ' s eco - fashion efforts fall short; some people would say their message is thoroughly misleading. It promotes the "green"
image, and yet many of their supposed eco -friendly products do not help the environment. For example, it sells a "Think Green Tote" that, according to the site, is meant to "send an environmentally friendly message. " However it is made of 100% non - organic cotton which is one of the most damaging fabrics to the environment, mostly because it requires greater chemical intervention compared to organic cotton. Also, the "I Love My Planet Tote" is supposed to "make a positive statement," but is also made of 100% cotton that is not organic. The only tote that is environmentally - friendly is the "H81 Organic Cotton Tote" from Forever 21' s Heritage brand, made from 100% organic cotton. Now that Forever 21 has portrayed itself as being "green," it should start "walking the walk. "
67. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____.
A. all the customers are trying not to walk into the Forever 21 to buy products
B. the Forever 21 has already been on its way to transform its negative image
C. the writer publicly urges the Forever 21 to put its campaign into practice
D. the environmental problem is so serious that we should pay more attention
68. Which of the following supports the author's opinion?
A. The author' s environmental awareness comes from his shopping experiences.
B. None of the three stores makes a difference on the ecological protection.
C. Someone uses the "go green" trend just as a trick to make more profit.
D. It is still a very long way before we humans will use real green products.
69. The passage is developed by ____.
A. showing cause and effect
B. giving concrete figures
C. making comparison and contrast
D. using time order
70. Which of the following statements can be the best title?
A. Does the Trend of Eco - Friendly Help the Environment?
B. Green Products Are Common in Fashion Stores.
C. A Survey of Eco - Friendly Design on Fashion Markets.
word
D. Are Chain Stores in Fashion Really Going Green?
68．【答案】C
【解析】依据第三段最后一句while Forever 21 seems to be using the "go green" trend as a way to sell more products, rather than genuinely help the environment.可知，Forever 21标榜为“绿色环保〞只是为了更好地卖出产品，并非真正的保护环境，C项是正确的。

依据第一段第二句，作者从设计中体会到环保的重要性，可知A错误；从第四、五段可看到，H&M 和Urban Outfitter 是有环保意识的，得出B和D都是错误的。

【考点定位】考查推理判断题。

69．【答案】C
【解析】文章第一、二段描述自己的环保意识和责任，第三、四、五、六分别以比拟的方式描述了三家公司是否环保，因此C项是正确的。

【考点定位】考查推理判断题。

70．【答案】D
【解析】文章作者主要是通过比照和比拟三家公司的产品是否环保来得出，许多标有“绿色环保〞的产品是不是都名符其实，结果是有的公司确实有环保意识，并且付诸行动，有时只是借着“绿色环保〞的牌子来更好地出售自己的产品，因此D正确。

【考点定位】考查标题总结题。

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