初一初二时态复习

时态复习
脑筋急转弯：
1. 小偷最怕哪三个字母？i c u（I see you）
2. 怎样让鸭子不会飞走？插一只翅膀给它（插翅难飞）
3. 一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子？狗生狗
一.一般现在时
1.用法
（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

如：The sky is blue.
（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如：I get up at six every day.
（3）表示客观现实。

如：The earth goes around the sun.
2.结构
（1）be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。

如：I am a boy.
（2）行为动词：主语+行为动词+其它。

如：We study English.
注意：当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。

如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词三人称单数形式的变化规则：
a. 一般情况下，直接加-s，
如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
b．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，
如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，
如：study-studies
练习：写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ________
3. 标志词
always, every time, every day, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually等。

4.一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化
（1）否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.
（2）一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? ----Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
（3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my cat?
注意：我们还学过一些情态动词（can，will，may，could，would等）的情况，其变化规则和be动词的一样。

如：I can fly.——_________________________
2.行为动词的变化
（1）否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。

如：I don't like bread.
He doesn't often play.
（2）一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如：- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
（3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：How does your father go to work?
练习：按照要求改写句子。

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________
3. There are some books on the desk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________
____________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. I think he is a good boy.(改为否定句、一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
二．现在进行时
1. 用法
表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。

2. 现在进行时的构成：____________________
肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状.
Eg: He is doing his homework now.
否定句：________________________________.
Eg: ______________________________
一般疑问句：_____________________________？
Eg: _______________________________
肯定回答：Y es,主语+am/is/are
否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isn‟t/aren‟t
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句
Eg: _______________________________
3. 现在进行时时间状语及标志性词
now现在
at present目前、现在
look 看（后面有明显的“！”）
listen听（后面有明显的“！”）
4. 现在分词变化规则
①一般在动词结尾处加ing ◆go—going look--looking
②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。

◆write—writing close--closing
③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing.
◆get—getting run—running ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin)
练习1：把下列动词改成doing形式
1. clean_______
2. work_______
3. watch_______
4 go_______ 5. play_______ 6 study_______
7. take_______ 8. have__ 9. dance_______
10. get_______ 11. run_______ 12. swim_______
13. sit_______ 14. shop_______ 15. stop_____
练习2：按要求答题
1. He is playing football with his friends now.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
特殊疑问句：
2. I‟m swimming in the pool.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
特殊疑问句：
3. They are having some class now.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
特殊疑问句：
三．一般过去时
1. 定义：
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用。

2. 结构：____________________________
（1）系动词be 的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were
陈述句：He was at home yesterday .
否定句：________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________
肯否回答：______________________________
（2）行为动词的一般过去时:
陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它
I went to the movies the day before yesterday.
否定句：________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________
肯否回答：______________________________
3. 标志词
yesterday , the day before yesterday, last week/year, two days ago ，just now,具体的过去时间如in 1990, in 2006等
4. 动词过去式的变化规则
规则动词的变化规则：
不规则动词的变化：
do →did have →had go →went see →saw read →read get →got give →gave sleep →slept eat →ate write →wrote find ---found
练习：写出下列动词的过去式
1.do
2.play 变化规则 例词 一般在词尾加—ed. play →played
以不发音的e 结尾的，只加--d. like →liked love →loved 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y 为i ,再加—ed. study →st udied carry →carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped plan →planned
3.clean
4.visit
5.study
6.practice
7.have
8.stay 9.read
10.watch
11.cook
12.get
13.sit
14.look
四．一般将来时
1.用法：
表示将来的动作或状态。

例如：I will attend the meeting tomorrow.
I am going to study English.
表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺，命令等时常用will。

例如：I will do my best to study English.
Shall I open the door?
2. 结构：
(1) will do
Eg: He will go to Beijing next month.
肯定形式：______________________________________
否定形式：______________________________________
一般疑问：______________________________________
肯否回答：______________________________________
(2) be going to do
Eg: His father is going to talking to him in an hour.
肯定形式：______________________________________
否定形式：______________________________________
一般疑问：______________________________________
肯否回答：______________________________________
3.标志词：
tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+一段时间，this morning/Sunday/summer，one day，in the future等。

eg：
I will go to school tomorrow.
She is going to come back to Chongqing next week.
I will do my homework in an hour.
He will be a teacher one day.
练习：按照要求答题
1.I am going to Beijing next year.（变否定句，一般疑问句，肯否回答）
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. She will come back to Chongqing next week.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________
3. He will read this novel tomorrow.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________
五．过去进行时
1. 含义
表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。

2.结构：__________________
Eg: They were reading when the teacher came in.
肯定形式：_______________________________________
否定形式：_______________________________________
一般疑问形式：___________________________________
肯/否定回答：____________________________________
3.标志词
from nine to ten last evening，at that time yesterday, at 7 o'clock last night, last Saturday morning, all day yesterday等；或者与when, while等引导的表示过去的句子连用。

Eg:
I was cooking when my mother came in.
She was doing her homework from ten to twelve last night.
It was raining when they left the station.
She was cleaning the room while I was sleeping.
What was she doing at nine o…clock yesterday?
He was watching TV at 8 p.m. yesterday.
He was reading books last Sunday morning.
They were playing when the teacher came in.
练习：
一．用说给词的正确形式填空。

1．They _________ (go) to Beijing last month.
2．Jane ___________(wait) for me when I ______(get) there.
3．Sue wasn‟t hungry, so she _________(eat) anything.
4．My brother came into the bedroom while I _________(dance).
5．_______ he ________(sit) on the ground at nine yesterday evening ?
6．What _____ Jim __________(write) when the teacher came in ?
7．I first met Lisa three years ago. She ______(work) at a radio shop now.
8. When I arrived at his office , he ______ on the phone.(speak)
二．句型转换
1. We were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.(改为否定句)
We _______ ________ a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.
2. Kate was doing her homework at eight last night.
(改为一般疑问句，做肯\否回答，对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. They were playing computer games at nine last night.( 对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
六. 现在完成时
1. 定义
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

2. 构成
have /has+动词过去分词（past participle），即have/has done.
肯定形式：sb have/has done；
否定形式：sb haven't/hasn't done；
一般疑问句：将助动词have/has提前。

肯否回答：Y es，sb have/has，
否定回答用：No，sb haven't/hasn't.
Eg：She has seen this movie.（变否定句、一般疑问句，并作肯否回答）______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
注意：当现在完成时的肯定句中含有some、already，变成否定句或一般疑问句时，需将它们变为any、yet。

3. 用法+标志词
1)表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有影响。

常与already, yet, just, ever, never , before等表示不确定时间的状语连用。

例如：I have just posted a letter.
The concert has already started.
They haven't finished the work yet.
It has been hot this summer.
2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在（也许还会继续下去）的动作或状态，如：these days, since...，for...等连用。

例如：He has worked here for ten years.
We have known each other since we were children.
They have been in Beijing since 1990.
I haven‟t seen him these days.
4. 注意事项
（1）辨析have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in.（重要考点）have / has been to 意为“去过……地方”(已回来)
have / has gone to 意为“去……地方了”(还没回来)
have / has been in 其后一般加地点，表示在某地呆了….时间.
（2）重点标志for / since; already / yet 的区别
1）for / since的区别
for：后接一个时间段，如for three years, for half an hour等。

如：I have lived here for 21 years.
since：接一个时间点，如since 1980；
接“一段时间+ago”，如:since three years ago；
接一个过去时态的时间状语从句，
如：We have known each other since we went to college.
2）already / yet的区别
already用于肯定句中，可放句首、句中和句尾。

yet用于否定句或疑问句中，且常放在句尾。

如：I have already finished my work. (改为一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________
（3）短暂性动词与延续性动词的问题
现在完成时和表示段时间的状语连用时，动词必须是可延续的，不能用表示短暂意义的动词。

例如：She has come back here since a week ago.(wrong)
She has been back here since a week ago.(right)
I have bought the dictionary for two months.(wrong)
I have had the dictionary for two months.(right)
如何将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词？
1）用意义相近的或相同的延续性动词来代替。

这种延续性动词大多是表示
状态的。

如：buy-have ；borrow-keep
2）用“be+介词短语/形容词/副词”来代替。

例如：arrive/come- be here，be in/at
begin/start-be on
join-be a member of.../be in...
leave-be away(from)
die-be dead
finish/end-be over
get up-be up
go out-be out
fall ill-be ill
（4）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况。

他不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。

而一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，和现在不发生关系，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

练习：
1. Mr. Jack ________ China for several years.
A. has been to
B. has come to
C. has been in
D. came to
2. His brother ________ for three months.
A. has joined the army
B. has been in the army
C. has become a soldier
D. joined the army
3. 用have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in填空.
（1）——How long __________ you _______ _______China?
——For half a year.
（2）——Where is your mother, Tom?
——She _____ ______ ______the market.
（3）My father ______ ______ ______Shanghai twice.
（4）I ________ never ______ ______ the Great Wall.
（5）—__________ you ever______ ______ an amusement park?
—Not yet.
时态综合练习：
1. The 70-year-old man ______ exercises every morning.
A. takes
B. are taking
C. took
D. will take
2. It is almost five years ________we saw each other last time.
A. before
B. since
C. after
D. when
3. Many jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose
B. will be lost
C. are lost
D. will lose
4. ---What‟s the terrible noise？
--- The neighbors ____ for a party.
A. have prepared
B. will prepare
C. prepare
D. are preparing
5. He has _______ for about twelve years.
A. bought the house
B. left here
C. lived here
D. gone here
6. The two old men ________ each other since 1970.
A. didn't seen
B. don't see
C. haven't seen
D. won't see
7. Lucy and Lily can speak Chinese well, because they ______ China for six years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have come to
D. have gone to
8. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting.
--I think she looks better _______ red.
A. dressed , in
B. put on, wear
C. wearing, in
D. wear, put on
9. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice.
A. went to
B. goes to
C. has gone to
D. has been to
10. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.
A. have
B. are having
C. having
D. will have
11. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.
A. is cooking
B. cooked
C. was cooking
D. cooks
12. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?
--I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.
A. have given
B. will give
C. gave
D. give
13. If it ________tomorrow, we'll take a bus.
A. rain
B. raining
C. rained
D. rains
14. The rain ___________ in a few hours.
A. stops
B. stopped
C. will stop
D. stopping
15. －____you_____the film yet?－Y es.I____it last Saturday
A.Will,see；saw
B.Did,see；saw
C.Have,seen；have seen
D.Have,seen；saw
16. Li Chen _____football an hour ago.
A.has been playing
B.has played
C.plays
D.played
17. －May I speak to John?
－Sorry,he _____ Japan.But he _______ in two days.
A.has been to,will come back
B.has gone to,will be back
C.has been in,would come back
D.has gone to,won‟t come back
18. There _______ some bread and ten apples on the table just now.
A. had
B. is going to have
C. was
D. were
19. Don't ________. Jim _________ his homework.
A. talk,did
B. talk,is doing
C. talking,does
D. talking,is doing
20. ---Where are you going to do tomorrow?
---I ___________ my uncle.
A. am going visit
B. visit
C. visited
D. will visit
21. ---Could you go to buy some salt for me?
---Sorry, mum. I ____ my homework.
A. am doing
B. do
C. will finish
D. have finished
22. Be quiet! Y our father ________.
A. sleeps
B. sleeping
C. is thinking
D. was working.
23. I‟ll visit my teacher when she ________.
A. will return
B. return
C. returns
D. returned
24. ____ Mr White ___ the doctor the day before yesterday?
A. Does, see
B. Has, seen
C. Will, see
D. Did, see
25. Hurry! We _____ the train.
A. will miss
B. miss
C. missed
D. have missed
26. Nobo dy ________ a film if he‟s not free next Sunday.
A. see
B. saw
C. has seen
D. will see
27. Someone _____ at he door when she was cooking in the kitchen.
A. had knocked
B. has knocked
C. knocked
D. was knocking
28. --- _____ will you finish writing the article?
--- In two days.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How fast
29. Kitty ________ games while I was cooking.
A. plays
B. was playing
C. make
D. does
30. He ________ his homework this time yesterday.
A．does B. was doing C. is doing D. is
31. The film _________ for five minutes.
A. has been
B. has been on
C. began
D. has begun
32. ---I hear your father ____ to Japan once.
---Y es, he_______ there last year.
A. went, has been
B. has gone, went
C. has been, went
D. has gone, has been
33. --- What ______ under the bed, Tim?
--- Oh, Where‟s my other sock, da d?
A. do you do
B. are you doing
C. have you done
D. did you do
34. He said a new school _________ in two weeks.
A. will be built
B. would be built
C. had built
D. was being built
35. Two-thirds of the work __________ by the computer last week.
A. are done
B. is done
C. were done
D. was done。