无机非金属材料工程专业英语-第1章
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the members’ ability to produce and manipulate （使用）materials to fill their needs.
In fact, early civilizations have been designated （命名） by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
5
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Related to: be concerned with 相关的 Encompass：to completely cover or surround sth.覆盖或
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
15
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
It was not until relatively recent times that scientist came to understand the relationship between structural elements of materials and their properties.
明智的
criterion
准则
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
10
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
1.1 Historical perspective (观察，透视)
• Materials are probably more deep-seated (根 深蒂固的, 深层的) in our culture than most of us realize.
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
14
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered （改变）by heat
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
9
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Heat capacity 热容
Refraction 折射，衍射
Ductility
延展性
Overriding 最重要的
Prohibitive 抑制
Judicious
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
12
Stone age
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Steel age
Advanced materials age
iron age
bronze age
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
13
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter1 Introduction
Learning Objectives 2 1.1 Historical Perspective 2 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 2 1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?
环绕 Realm：territroy/monarchy/ zone/domain/region
/kingdom/area/branch 区域 Agglomerate：melt 团聚、成块-volcanic rock consisting
of large fragments fused together
The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay（粘土）, skins, and so on.
With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery （陶 器） and various metals.
Pottery: pots/dishes or other items made from clay and fired in a kiln (oven) 陶器
Alter: change 改变 Utilization: application /use 应用、 用途
Empower: control 驾驭、控制
Deep-seated: close/intimate 紧密的
Virtually: practically/in fact/nearly/as good as/in effect/in essence实际上地
Every segment of our everyday lives:日常生活的 每个方面
This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered （使能够） them to fashion(shape ), to a large degree（非常）, the characteristics of materials.
place at the same time as someone else. Modern/belonging to the present time 同时代的
Nebulous: vague. An idea that is nebulous is not at all clear or exact. 模棱两可的
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
16
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved （出现）with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society.
These include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers.
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
17
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
ceramics
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
7
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Elaboration 解释，阐述 Stepwise楼梯式的, 逐步的 Recreation 消遣, 娱乐 segment段, 节, 片断 Deteriorative 恶化，变质，
4 1.4 Classification of Materials 5 1.5 Advanced Materials 6 1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs 6
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
1
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
汉语翻译成英文
材料科学 材料工程 金属材料 非金属材料 陶瓷材料 高分子材料 复合材料 生物材料 半导体材料 先进材料
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
2
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Words and phrases
Segment: section/division/part/piece部分、片 Manipulate: control/employ控制、使用
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
3
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Designate: define/denote/label/ name 标记、命名 Access to): approach 途径
• Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation（娱乐）, and food production—virtually（事实上） every segment （方面）of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another（不同程度 地） by materials.
treatments and by the addition of other substances.
At this point, materials utilization（利用） was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of （凭借）its characteristics（特性）.
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
4
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Words and phraБайду номын сангаасes
Characteristic: peculiarity, feature/trait/attribute/property特质 Evolve: produce 生产 Complex: sophisticated 复杂的 Contemporary：Someone who lived or was in a particular
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
11
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately（密切地） tied to
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
8
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Evoke 引起，唤起 Interdisciplinary 交叉学科 Metallurgy 冶金 Nebulous 模糊的，云雾状的 Agglomerate 团聚，大块 Dielectric current 介电常数 Thermal conductivity 热传导
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
6
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Vocabulary
Contemporary 当代 Stimulus 激励，刺激 Opaque 不透明 Translucent 半透明 Transparent 透明 Deep-seated 根深蒂固的，深层的 Existence 存在, 实在, 生活, 存在物, 实在物 Sophisticated 复杂的 Forerunner 先驱(者), 传令官, 预兆 Intimately 密切地
In fact, early civilizations have been designated （命名） by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
5
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Related to: be concerned with 相关的 Encompass：to completely cover or surround sth.覆盖或
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
15
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
It was not until relatively recent times that scientist came to understand the relationship between structural elements of materials and their properties.
明智的
criterion
准则
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
10
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
1.1 Historical perspective (观察，透视)
• Materials are probably more deep-seated (根 深蒂固的, 深层的) in our culture than most of us realize.
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
14
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered （改变）by heat
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
9
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Heat capacity 热容
Refraction 折射，衍射
Ductility
延展性
Overriding 最重要的
Prohibitive 抑制
Judicious
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
12
Stone age
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Steel age
Advanced materials age
iron age
bronze age
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
13
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter1 Introduction
Learning Objectives 2 1.1 Historical Perspective 2 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 2 1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?
环绕 Realm：territroy/monarchy/ zone/domain/region
/kingdom/area/branch 区域 Agglomerate：melt 团聚、成块-volcanic rock consisting
of large fragments fused together
The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay（粘土）, skins, and so on.
With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery （陶 器） and various metals.
Pottery: pots/dishes or other items made from clay and fired in a kiln (oven) 陶器
Alter: change 改变 Utilization: application /use 应用、 用途
Empower: control 驾驭、控制
Deep-seated: close/intimate 紧密的
Virtually: practically/in fact/nearly/as good as/in effect/in essence实际上地
Every segment of our everyday lives:日常生活的 每个方面
This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered （使能够） them to fashion(shape ), to a large degree（非常）, the characteristics of materials.
place at the same time as someone else. Modern/belonging to the present time 同时代的
Nebulous: vague. An idea that is nebulous is not at all clear or exact. 模棱两可的
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
16
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved （出现）with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society.
These include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers.
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
17
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
ceramics
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
7
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Elaboration 解释，阐述 Stepwise楼梯式的, 逐步的 Recreation 消遣, 娱乐 segment段, 节, 片断 Deteriorative 恶化，变质，
4 1.4 Classification of Materials 5 1.5 Advanced Materials 6 1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs 6
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
1
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
汉语翻译成英文
材料科学 材料工程 金属材料 非金属材料 陶瓷材料 高分子材料 复合材料 生物材料 半导体材料 先进材料
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
2
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Words and phrases
Segment: section/division/part/piece部分、片 Manipulate: control/employ控制、使用
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
3
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Designate: define/denote/label/ name 标记、命名 Access to): approach 途径
• Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation（娱乐）, and food production—virtually（事实上） every segment （方面）of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another（不同程度 地） by materials.
treatments and by the addition of other substances.
At this point, materials utilization（利用） was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of （凭借）its characteristics（特性）.
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
4
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Words and phraБайду номын сангаасes
Characteristic: peculiarity, feature/trait/attribute/property特质 Evolve: produce 生产 Complex: sophisticated 复杂的 Contemporary：Someone who lived or was in a particular
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
11
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately（密切地） tied to
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
8
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Evoke 引起，唤起 Interdisciplinary 交叉学科 Metallurgy 冶金 Nebulous 模糊的，云雾状的 Agglomerate 团聚，大块 Dielectric current 介电常数 Thermal conductivity 热传导
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
6
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Vocabulary
Contemporary 当代 Stimulus 激励，刺激 Opaque 不透明 Translucent 半透明 Transparent 透明 Deep-seated 根深蒂固的，深层的 Existence 存在, 实在, 生活, 存在物, 实在物 Sophisticated 复杂的 Forerunner 先驱(者), 传令官, 预兆 Intimately 密切地