副词的用法教学内容
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副词的用法
副词的用法
一、副词及其基本用法
副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。
副词的句法功能
1、用作状语
Look at the photo carefully.仔细看看这张照片。
You' re driving too fast你开车开得太快了。
2、用作表语
The meeti ng is over.会议结束了。
Is anyone upstairs?楼上有人吗?
Is the radio on or off?收音机是开着的还是关着的?
【注】在通常情况下,用作表语时不用副词而用形容词。
女口可说The woman is beautiful.而不说The woman is beautifully.
可说The cloth feels soft.不能说The cloth feels softly.
英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动
词be英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动
词后作表语,而不用于其他连系动词后作表语,如可说He is here或He is abroad,但不能说He
seems here或He seems abroad
3、用作宾语
It ' s hot in he这里面很热。
It ' s not far from he从■这儿去不远。
I ' ll stay at home tonigl今晚我将呆在家里。
【注】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限,通常只用作介词宾语,并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副
词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点,如here和there可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round. up等介词连用,但通常不与介词to连用,如不说come to here, go to there等(注:from here to there是
例外),而表地点的副词abroad则只与介词from连用,不与其他介词连用。
4、用作宾语补足语
1) Ask him in, please.请叫他进来。
2) We must try to help him through.我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。
3) Sorry to have kept you up so late对不起,让你这么晚不能睡觉。
【注】一般说来,能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语:
He went to see her but fou nd that she was ou他去看她,但发现她不在家。
He went to see her but fou nd her out他去看她,但发现她不在家。
5、用作定语
1) The people there were very frie ndly.那儿的人很友好。
2) Do you kn ow the people dow nstairs?你认识楼下的人吗?
3) The shops around are very cheap附近商店的东西很便宜。
【注】在通常情况下,副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后,若置于修饰名词之前,则通常被视
为形容词,如the upstairs room和the room upstairs都表示楼上的房间”但前者的upstairs前置,为形容词;后者的upstairs后置,为副词;又女口the above passag和the passage abov都可表示上面的段落”,但前者的above前置,为形容词;后者的above后置,为副词。
二、副词的构词法
大部分副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成的。
1) She is a quick worker.(形容词)她是个灵巧的工人。
i. She works quickly.(副词)她工作灵巧。
2) I used to be a careful driver.形容词)我曾经是个小心谨慎的司机。
3) I used to drive carefully.(副词)我曾经开车小心谨慎。
4) You needn' have given a full explanation.(形容词)你本来不必作详细的解释。
5) You needn' have explained the whole things fully.(副词)你本来不必详细地解释整个事情。
【注意】
1. 有一部分以ly结尾的形容词,而不是副词。
例如:lively, motherly, fatherly, silly, womanly等。
但是用
它们可以构成短语。
例如:Although she is our teacher, she always treats us all in a motherly manner.
虽然她是我们的老师,但是她总是慈母般地对待我们大家。
2. 在某些介词或地点名词加后缀—wards构成,表示向 ..... ”。
例女口 : backward(s)向后forward(s)向前,前进upward(s)向上downward(s)向下southward(s)向
南n orthward(s)向北in ward 向内,向中心outward向夕卜
三、副词的种类 (The Classificatio n of Adverbs)
根据副词的本身意思,可以把副词分为八种:
1、方式副词(Adverbs of Manner ):表示怎样做”的副词叫作方式副词。
例如:Let' go to the cinema togethe让我们一起去看电影。
We will fin ish this task easily.我们将很容易地完成此任务。
My little brother behaved badly.我的小弟弟行为不好。
常用的方式副词有:
an yhow无论如何actively积极地slowly慢地gravely勇敢地immediately立刻,马上fin ally最后
地boldly勇敢地calmly冷静地late迟early早carefully小心地disti nctly清楚地quickly迅速
地quietly安静地willingly乐意地suddenly突然地simply简单地wrongly错误地beautifully漂亮
地inten tio nally有意地truly真正地equally平等地
2、地点副词(Adverbs of Place):说明动作在什么地方发生的副词。
1) Please stand there.请你站那边。
2) We have looked everywhere for our miss ing schoolbag我们至U处都找过我们的书包了。
3) What has happened to him? He has been pacing to and fro for about three hours..
4) 他怎么了?他踱来踱去已经有大约三个小时了。
5) Yesterday I went nowhere.昨天我什么地方也没有去。
常用的地点副词有:
across越过above在... 上面here这里there那里abroad海外,国夕卜in la nd至U (在)内地any where 无论那里no where 那里也不elsewhere往别处somewhere某地below 在… 下方everywhere处
处upstairs在楼上downstairs在楼下along沿着over在上,向上in 在内,往内out向^卜,在
夕卜apart分开ashore在岸上away离开back向后n ear差不多up在上,向上
3、时间副词(Adverbs of Time ):表示动作是什么时候发生的副词。
1) She got up so early that she could catch the first bus 为了赶上头班车她起得很早。
2) What we are going to do nexthasn' b e en decided.我们下一步做什么还没有决定。
3) He hasn' come yet.他还没有来。
4) I have read ten books rece ntl y 最近我看了十本书。
常见的时间副词有:
ago 以前after 以后today 今天yesterday 昨天tomorrow 明天toni ght 今夜no wadays 现今
lately 最近rece ntly 最近soon 不久以后immediately 立刻prese ntly 目前shortly 立刻
afterward以后already已经yet已经still仍旧long长久before以前now现在
在时间副词中还包含频度副词:表示不定时间的副词叫频度副词。
对频度副词提问用“Howoften ”
频度副词应放在行为动词之前或者连系动词之后。
1) 例如:She sometimes comes to school late有时她上学迟到。
2) Never have I seen this film.我从来没有看过这部电影。
3) He is seldom late for the meet in g 开会她很少迟到
4) I hardly ever see her; she is scarcely ever at work我现在难得见到她,她简直都不上班。
If you ever see Tom, please let me know如果你见至U汤姆,请通知我。
常见的频度副词有:
ofte n常常always永远,总是sometimes有时usually平常seldom很少n ever从不ever在任何时
候rarely 难得,很少continu ally 不断地freque ntly 常常occasio nally 偶尔regularly 有规律
地gen erally通常地scarcely几乎不hardly ever几乎从不scarcely ever简直都不
1) 4、程度副词(Adverbs of Degree):程度副词一般用来修饰形容词或者副词。
但有的也可以修
饰动词。
例如:I am quite sure that you are right.我很有把握你是对的。
2) This novel is well worth readi ng.这本小说很值得一看。
3) My reply pleased our headmaster very much我的答复使我们的校长很满意。
4) You have done rather well .你做得相当好。
5) She would rather die than give in in the face of the enemyl S对敌人她宁死不屈。
(rather修饰动
词)
6) The play was just sple ndid.这出戏真是太好了。
7) You should not have bee n extremely rude to your fathe 你本来就不应该对你父亲极无礼貌。
8) I am deeply sorrow.我深感遗憾。
9) I got up too late to catch the first bus.我起得太晚了,没有赶上第一班公共汽车。
常用的程度副词有: (包括了强调副词)
as同样,一样altogether完全,总共almost几乎,差不多all完全absolutely绝对地completely完全地deeply 深深地disti nctly 显然地eno rmously 巨大地en tirely 完全地exceed in gly 非常equally 平等地exactly确切地extremely极为just刚刚,非常half 一半much非常,很partly部分地perfectly完
美地practically实际上地rather宁愿,相当scarcely几乎没有slightly轻微地thoroughly彻底地utterly
完全地no毫不,并不
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5、关系副词(Relative Adverbs ):用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。
例如:
1) This is the place where I used to live这就是我曾经住过的地方。
2) I don' know the time when they left for Canada我不知道他们什么时间去加拿大的。
3) If you tell me whe nee you come from, I will give you some useful in formati on.
4) 如果你告诉我你从哪儿来,我将给你提供一些有用的消息。
5) The reason why hedidn ' come to school yesterday was that he was ill昨天他没有来上学的原因是有病
了。
6) Could you tell me whither my father is goin g? 请问我父亲往哪里去了?
7) He didn ' understand the point, whereupon I had to explain further.他不理解这一点,因此,我只得进
一步作了解释。
常用的关系副词有:
why…的原因whe n…的时候where…的地方whither向…的地方whe nee从…的地
方whereup on因此,于是whereby靠那个whereup on因此,于是
&连接副词(Conjunctive Adverbs ):在句子中作连接性状语,不但起连接作用而且在从句中作状语,连接名词性从句或者状语从句。
1) 例如:Could you tell me where he has gon e?青问他去哪儿了?
2) I will go wherever you tell me to.你叫我去那里,我就去那里。
3) However hard the task may be , we must fulfill it in time.不管任务是多么艰巨,我们必须及时完成它。
4) Whenever you leave, please let me know.无论何时离开,请通知我。
5) The harder you work, the more kn owledge you will get你学习愈努力,你就会获得愈多的知识。
常见的连接副词有:
where ...... 的地方whe n ....... 的时候whe nee从…的地方whither向…的地方however无论如
何whenever无论何时whenever无论何地
7、疑问副词(Interrogative Adverbs ):用来提出问题的副词。
1) 例如:Where did you put my book? 你把我的书放在哪儿了?
2) How did you go there?你是怎样去那儿的?
3) Why did you not come to school? 你为什么没有来上学?
4) Wherein does the difficulty lie?困难在什么地方?
5) Whereby shall we know him?我们靠什么认出他呢?
常用的疑问副词有:
Where哪里,何地when何时How怎么whither为何Whence从何处,何以whereabouts在哪
里Whereat在那里,对那个wherein在哪方面在什么地方Whereupon在谁身上whereof关于那
事关于那人
8、肯定和否定副词(Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation ):一般来说,肯定和否定修饰动词、副词
或者整个句子。
在口语中实际上是被省略的句子。
1) 例如:“ Argou goi ng to Beiji ng? ” Yes.(”Yes, I am goi ng to Beiji ng. 你要去北京吗?”是
的。
”
2) “ Wergou here last night? ” No. ”(No, I was n' t ere)” 昨天晚上你在这儿了吗?”没有,我没
有在这儿。
”
3) “ May use your dicti on ary? “Certa inly.(丄Yes, you may use my diction ary) 我可以用你的词典
吗?”当然可以。
”
4) “ Willyou do what he warts? ” “ Never. (” = I shall never do what he wants) 你愿意做他让你做的
事
吗?”“决不。
常用的肯定和否定副词有:
No 不是的nay 不Not 不n ever 从不certa inly 当然,一定surely 一定n aturally 自然obviously 明显willi ngly 乐意地surely 肯定decidedly 坚决地in deed 确实evide ntly 明显地absolutely 绝对
9、句子副词:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。
例如:Luckily , she was at home when I called on her.
Surpris in gly, she was married to her classmate.
常用的句子副词有:(见课本416页)
四、副词的位置:
(一)一般规律:
1)在动词之前。
2)在be动词、助动词之后。
3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
(二)具体用法
副词是英语中用法比较灵活的一类词,主要用来修饰动词、形容词或另一类副词。
不同的副词在句子中的位置是不同的。
1 .时间副词(now, then, recently, soon, just now, right away, etc.)可以放在整个句子或从句之前或后,并通常放在句末。
其中then, recently可以放在动词之前;still常放在动词之前或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后;而yet常放于句末,并且句子常用否定形式。
例如:
ril the n turn to my classmates for help.
When all the students finished the morning exercise he was still asleep
We have n't fini shed the work yet.
2. 地点畐【J词(here, there, dow n, any where, everywhere, in side, etc.)和方式畐9词(well, quickly , ki ndly , etc.)常放在宾语之后,或不及物动词之后。
其中here, there, up, dow n等副词与不及物动词go, come, stand, walk, lie等词连用时,副词可置于句首。
如句子主语是名词或名词短语时,句子需用完全倒装语序。
例如:
There sta nds the towe r
Down came the rain.
We looked for the lost wallet here and there but in vain.
3. 程度副词(very, quite, almost, fairly , n early, just, extremely, hardly, etc.)常放在被修饰
词之前,但当very修饰动词时,常与much连用并置于句末。
例如:
I like her very much.
With one false movement, he nearly loses the whole game
4. 频度畐【J词(ever, never, often, always, seldom, sometimes etc.)常放在动词之前,或系动
词、助动词、情态动词之后。
其中some- times也常置于句首。
例如:
I have n ever bee n to America
Sometimes he phones me and sometimes he writes to me
5. 关于副词only的位置。
only可以修饰名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词等,通常放在被修饰词之前。
但是,当only放在动词之前时,句子可能有几种含义,这就得靠上下文的意思来正确理解。
例如:It was only an coin cide nee.
They only have coffee in the morni ng.(可以理解为:他们早上只喝咖啡。
或:他们只在早上喝
咖啡。
)
注:(1)当程度副词与频度副词同时在句子中出现时,程度副词通常前置修饰频度副词。
例如:He hardly ever leaves his house all the day
The preside nt of our uni versity is n early always occupied
(2)当时间、地点、程度与方式副词同时在句子中出现时,常把程度副词放在最前面,方式副
词放在地点副词之前,时间副词放在最后。
但是,句中动词是动态动词( go, come, leave,arrive,etc.)时,贝U常把地点副词放在方式副词之前。
例如:
They performed pretty well in the city hall last ni ght.
She went home quickly.
(3)可作定语的副词(如here,there, back,ahead abroad, below,above, yesterday
before, etc.)通常放在被修饰名词之后。
例如:
We will see a beautiful picture about the country in the years ahead
The atmosphere here is seriously polluted
(4)大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could seevery clearly a stra nge light ahead of us.
(5)方式副词well, badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks En glish well.
五、副词的排列顺序:
1) 时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
2) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.
注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well eno ugh.
There is eno ugh food for every one to eat.
There is food eno ugh for every one to eat.
六、与形容词同形的副词(Adverbs and Adjectives with the Same Form)
有一些形容词和副词是同形的例如:
1) Look! That is a fast train. (fast是形容词。
)瞧!那是辆快车。
2) I can run very fast. (fast是副词。
)我跑得很快。
3) She is a hard worker. (hard是形容词。
)他是个勤劳的工人。
4) She works hard.(harc是副词。
)他工作很努力。
5) Please go and fetch a clean sheet of paper. (clea i形容词。
)请去给我取一张没有用过的纸。
6) My view is clean contrary. (clean是副词。
)我的看法完全相反。
7) I want to be quite clear on this point. (clear是形容词。
)在这一点上我希望搞清楚。
8) He speaks loud and clear. (clear是副词。
)他说话响亮清楚。
9) The car came to a dead stop.(dead 是形容词。
)汽车蓦地刹住。
10) On my way home he stopped me dead.dead是副词。
)在回家的路上他突然拦住了我。
11) I have enough food to eat.( enougl是形容词。
)我有足够吃的。
12) He is old enough to go to school.(enough t副词。
)他已经到了上学的年龄。
13)Two years ago I went on a long journey with my father.(long是形容词。
)两年前,我和父亲作了一次长途旅行。
14) Discussi on we nt Io ng into the ni ght. (lo ng 副词。
)讨论直到深夜。
七、具有两种形式的副词(Adverbs with Two Forms )
1) clean/cleanly
副词clean:径直地,完全地
副词cleanly:干净利落地,清洁地(较少用)
I clea n forgot about it. We defeated the en emy clea nly.
The bullet went clea n through his arm. My mother swept the room very clea nly.
但,She is a cleanly girl. (adj.爱清洁的,读作/ klenli/)
2) clear/clearly
畐寸词clear :完全地,径直地;隔开,不接触
但, The moon shone clear/ clearly. He spoke clear/clearly. 3) c lose/closely
畐寸词close : 近
副词closely :细心地,严密地等
She sat close to her mother. (clos 是 副词)她靠近她母亲坐着。
They came up close to him. (close 是副词。
)他们走到他跟前。
The pris oners were closely guarded.
但, It is close to 90 years ago. ( close = almost ) 4) d ead/ deadly
副词dead :突然地,完全地(正式语体);非常地,直接地(非正式语体) 副词deadly :死一般地,极端地 She stopped dead.
Her face was deadly pale. He was dead tired.
The case is deadly serious.
The typho on was dead aga inst us.
但,deadly 也能作形容词:死一般的,极度的,致命的,不共戴天的。
deadly pale ness, deadly serious ness, a deadly disease/weap on, deadly en emy. 5) d irect/directly
畐U 词direct :直线地,不绕圈子地 副词directly :直接地;立即,马上 The n ext flight will go direct to Rome. Let smeet directly after lunch.
She an swered me very directly.
An swer me directly. 6) e asy/easily
副词easy :用在某些固定搭配中 副词easily :容易地,很可能,无疑地
副词clearly :清楚地,显然地
You can see clear to the mountains today. The pris oner got clear away.
Sta nd clear of the door.站得离门远些。
The car ran clear off the road.
He spoke so clearly that I could hear every wor d.
He is clearly wrong.
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副词highly :高度地
aim high (力争上游); hold one 'head high 昂首); play high (大赌);search high and low (至U 处
搜寻);run high (浪大);fly high (有雄心壮志) He spoke highly of her. We thi nk highly of him.
10) loud/loudly
副词loud :通常可用于比较级和最高级
畐寸词loudly :表示“大声地”时,与oud 通用,但少用于比较级和最高级。
Who laughed loudest? Don ttalk so loud/loudly.
Speak louder please, I can hear you. 11) pretty/prettily
副词pretty :相当地,适当地,非常
Take it easy.(慢慢来,别急。
) Stand easy!(稍息!) Go easy.(别急)
Easy come, easy go.(来得易花得快。
) Easier said than done.(说来容易做时难。
) 7) f air/fairly
副词fair :光明地;正面地
副词fairly :清楚地,公正地,适度地,相当地 You must play fair.(你必须光明磊落)
I hit him fair on the nose.
He told me the facts fairly. 8) f irm/firmly
副词firm :用在固定搭配中 副词firmly :坚定地,牢固地
Stand firm. Always hold firm to your beliefs. 9) h igh/highly
副词high :用于固定搭配中
I can easily finish it today.
He is not easily satisfied. That may easily be the case. It is easily the best an swer.
We must play the game fairly. Your suggestion is fairly good.
I firmly believe that. Fix the post firmly in the ground.
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副词prettily :好看地,动听地,悦耳地
She is pretty good. Marry dresses prettily.
She dan ces pretty well. She speaks prettily.
12) right/rightly
副词right:正好地,直接地,完全地(常位于动词后)
畐寸词rightly :正确地,对(常位于动词前)
He is right here.
It serves you right.(你活该。
)Go right home at on ce.
I have n'read the book right through.
He rightly guessed that the Rockets won the gamet:匕较:He guessed right.
If I am rightly informed ... ,比较:If I remembered right..…(如果我没有记错的话)
13)sharp/sharply
副词sharp:用于钟点后表示“准时”
副词sharply:表示“急剧地,突然地”=sharp
The round tur ns very sharp/sharply. We arrived at ten oclock sharp.
14) slow/slowly
副词slow:仅用于某些固定搭配中
副词slowly :慢,缓慢地,有时=slow.
The workers decided to go slow.怠工=work slowly)
Speak slowly, please. How slowly/slow the time passes!
15) sure/surely
副词sure:用于sure enough(确信地)
副词surely:用于slowly but surely(稳步地)
16)hard/hardly
副词hard:努力地,艰苦地
副词hardly:几乎不
He works hard. He hardly does anything no wadays.
17) just/justly
副词just :仅仅,只是,刚刚 副词justly :公正地,正当地
We have just fini shed the homework.
18) late/lately
We must treat every stude nt justly.
副词late :迟
副词lately :最近,近来 They came here late. 19) most/mostly
副词most :最,极;十分,非常 副词mostly :主要地,大部分,多半 I like the sec ond part of the film most. 20) free/freely
副词free :免费地 副词freely :自由地
You can eat free in my restaura nt whe never you like. The birds fly freely in the sky. 21) wide/widely
副词wide :指具体的宽度 副词widely :广泛地
Please ope n the door wide.
During these years, he travelled widely.
I ofte n go to the theatre lately.
My friends are mostly doctors.。