(英语)高考英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(社会文化)(及答案)含解析

（英语）高考英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(社会文化)(及答案)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. It's a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps.
In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for good fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods.
The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.
The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. As the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small lamps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.
The festival's fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.
And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.
For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.（1）People celebrate the first day of Diwali mainly for______.
A.good fortune.
B.colorful lanterns
C.expensive jewelry
D.traditional designs
（2）What's the probable purpose of creating "rangoli" on the floor?
A.To design traditional patterns.
B.To produce colored powder or sand.
C.To help get rid of bad luck.
D.To produce an opportunity in business.
（3）What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival?
A.Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones.
B.Be busy decorating his home during the day.
C.Get together with his sisters and brothers.
D.Light up his home with small lamps.
（4）Which of the following may not be a reason for children's love of Diwali?
A.Having a week off.
B.Getting Christmas gifts.
C.Enjoying amazing food.
D.Setting off fireworks.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“In honor of Lakshmi，the Hindu goddess of wealth，people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare，succcss，and well-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“For some，the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand. ”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“And the f inal day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj. It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food. ”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。

可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“For children in Indi a，Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts，new clothes，amazing food，and，in the past at least，a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite cel ebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因为他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

It's not unusual to see an unreasonable child lying on the ground drumming his heels. Beside him is a desperate mother yelling at the top of her lungs. Raising a well-behaved kid is really a head-scratching thing.
If you took all the parenting styles around the world and ranked them by their gentleness, the Inuit (因纽特人) approach would certainly rank near the top. All the moms mention one golden role: Don't shout or yell at small children. Inuit's no-yelling policy is their central component to raising cool-headed kids. The culture views scolding, or even speaking to children in all angry voice, as inappropriate, although little kids are pushing parents' buttons.
Playful "storytelling" is another trick to sculpting kids' behavior. But this storytelling differs hugely from those fairy tales full of moral lessons. Parents "retell" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum(发脾气)by way of what Shakespeare would understand all too well: putting on a "drama". After the child has calmed down, the parents will review what happened when the child
misbehaved, usually starting with a question: "Can you show us how to throw a tantrum?" Then
the child has to think what he should do. If he takes the bait and performs the action, the mom
will ask a follow-up question with a playful tone. For example: "Does that seem right?" or "Are
you a baby?" She is getting across the idea that "big boys" won't throw a tantrum.
Kids' brains are still developing the circuitry needed for self-control. What you do in response
to your children's emotions shapes their brains. So next time, seeing your boy misbehave, try using the Inuit's storytelling approach. And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys.
（1）Which of the following best explains "pushing parents' buttons" underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Talking with parents.
B. Playing with parents' buttons.
C. Exposing parents' faults.
D. Making parents annoyed.
（2）What do we know about Inuit's "storytelling"?
A. It aims at playing a trick on kids.
B. It raises kids' awareness of morality.
C. It comes after a child misbehaves.
D. It analyzes Shakespeare's dramas.
（3）What's the author's attitude to children's misbehavior?
A. Cautious
B. Tolerant
C. Uncaring
D. Skeptical
（4）What's the main idea of the text?
A. Inuit's approach to parenting.
B. Values of reading literary works.
C. Causes of children's misbehavior.
D. Parents' responses to "storytelling".
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，因纽特人教育孩子的方式最温柔，介绍了因纽特人
教育孩子的黄金规则“不对小孩叫喊”以及他们塑造孩子行为的一种方式“讲故事”，让我们
时刻记住孩子做错事的时候要保持冷静。

（1）考查词义猜测。

划线词组所在句子为让步状语从句，"although（即使）"前后句是相
反关系。

句意为：这种文化认为训斥孩子，或者以生气的口吻对孩子说话都是不合适的，
即使小孩子让家长生气的时候也是这样。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Parents "retell" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum (发脾气) by way of…"可知，家长讲述的是小男孩发脾气时所发生的事情。

也就是说
故事内容就是小孩子做错的事情。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. 不要忘记保持冷静。

毕竟，孩子就是孩子。

"可知，作者认为小孩子犯错时，家长要
宽容孩子的错误，不能对孩子要求太高。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章主要通过讲述因纽特人温柔地教育孩子的方式，让我们对如何
教育孩子有所启发。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role intheir lives. After the development of large, ocean-going sailing ships in the fifteenthcentury, the sea became even more important to the country's development. Shipssetting sail from England determined to extend Britain's territories, its wealthand its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, peopleand new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest,most powerful navy in the world.
The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life thatthey even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originallynautical (航海的)terms, although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonlydescribe an honest and fair business deal as being "above board". Thisexpression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ship'sbusiness would be carried out below decks (below the boards) out of public view.On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above the boards),in the open where everyone could see what was going on.
"Pipe down!", meaning "Be quiet!", is anothercommon expression that has nautical origins. The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.
Most native English speakers have heard the expression "notenough room to swing a cat", but few know that the "cat" does notrefer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The "cat" isactually a short form of "cat of nine tails" —a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails. A boatswain needed a lot of spacein order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打) a poor sailor under his control!
（1）The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because ________.
A. they occupied more land around the world
B. they got more wealth from the sea
C. they live on an island surrounded by the sea
D. they had the largest navy ever
（2）If someone is open and above board, it means he is ________.
A. secretive
B. honest
C. cheerful
D. dishonest
（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Sailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.
B. Sailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.
C. A poor sailor may be whipped nine times a day.
D. There is no spare room to raise cats on ships.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The business on British sailing ships.
B. The influence of British sailors' language on English.
C. The sailing history of England.
D. The sailing story of British sailors.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。

英国曾有着强大的海军。

一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英国人的生活影响很大。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“…people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being “above board”可知，如果”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是'above board'”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.”可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下来睡觉了。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。

以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do these things every day.
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries(记录片) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood.
In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.
American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life.
However, it's different with Western fast food. For example, I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people, The Spanish people normally eat at home.
On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day.
（1）From the first paragraph we can know that .
A. the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere.
B. most Spanish people don't like to listen to their own music,
C. fast food spreads from Spain to the United States.
D. some Spanish actors go to America to improve their acting skills.
（2）What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?
A. American novels.
B. Hollywood movies.
C. McDonald.
D. American music.（3）Why did the government set some rules for the films shown in Spain?
A. To protect foreign culture in Spain.
B. To earn more money from Spanish films.
C. To limit the number of foreign movie.
D. To unite European Communities.
（4）What do you think Spanish tapas might be?
A. The name of a drink.
B. The name of a restaurant.
C. A clothing brand.
D. A certain kind of food.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。

穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。

选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture”可知，故答案选B。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.”可推断出，西班牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。

选C。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas.”可知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙tapas，由此可推断tapas指西班牙的一种食品。

选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
On hearing the words "Just do it!", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's “Always Coca-Cola”, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.
An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds. It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.
Here are a few examples:
"Just do it!"-This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it's worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?
"Always Coca-Cola."-Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit. It seems to say "Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks."
"Share moments, share life."-This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!
（1）What would be the best title for the text?
A.Just Do It!
B.Slogan And Brand
C.Famous Slogans
D.What Is A Good Slogan?
（2）Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence (paragraph 2)?
A.A good advertising slogan should draw people's attention.
B.A brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.
C.An advertising slogan is as important to a brand as eyes are to a person.
D.An advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.
（3）The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to____.
A.people
B.the happy moments
C.photos and beauty
D.Kodak film
（4）Which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“On hearing the words ‘Just do it!’, you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's ‘Always Coca-Cola’, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.”介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选B。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.”标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。

好的标语在
人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。

可知，使用“An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person.” 作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据最后一段中“It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!”可知，them指的是前文的“happy moments”。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“T he slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.(标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。

好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。

可知，表格中的第一条“Obey your thirst”服从你的渴望，标语当中的“thirst”有口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告语。

结合选项，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children's game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
（1）What is true about children when they play games?
A. They can stop playing any time they like.
B. They can test their personal abilities.
C. They want to pick a better team.
D. They don't need rules.
（2）To become a leader in a game the child has to _________.
A. be a useful partner
B. wait for his turn
C. be confident in himself
D. be popular among his playmates
（3）Why does a child like playing games?
A. Because he can be someone other than himself.
B. Because he can become popular among friends.
C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
（4）Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Rules in Children's Games
B. Advantages of Playing Games for Children
C. Reasons for Children's Games
D. How to Be a Popular Game Player
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们在玩游戏时有自己的游戏规则，他们很少需要裁判，很少去记分．他们喜欢玩取决于运气的游戏，这样他们的个人能力就不能直接进行比较了．但是，成年人很难发现孩子们的游戏令人兴奋，他们常常对孩子们反复玩这么简单的游戏感到困惑。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Children have their own rules in playing games．Theyseldom need a referee（裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores．”可知，介绍了孩子们玩游戏的一些特点，比如孩子的游戏有自己的规则，也不需要裁判，而且可以随时结束，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn”可知，当轮到他时，他就成了领袖．所以要成为一个游戏的领导者，孩子必须等待轮到他才行，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid．”可知孩子们喜欢玩游戏的重要原因之一是他们可以在游戏中假装成别人，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，游戏在孩子们的生活中是必不可少的．他们无需裁判，也很少计分，他们甚至不在乎输赢．尽管在成年人眼里这些游戏非常简单，枯燥．但是孩子们对此却是乐此不疲．作者认为通过游戏，孩子们学会了遵守规则，可知选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob (烤肉串) hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less. Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.
The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but the environment is truly charming.
Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking.
A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, and reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food.
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large. Most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10, so not only is it affordable but practical as well.
The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy, made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill (烤肉架).
The main dish that the restaurant is popular for is its kabobs, which are different styles of grilled meat.
One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Kabob, which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread. Another great kabob is the Chelo Kabob, a kabob consisting of grilled beef.
Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. It is a place that should not be overlooked.
（1）When first entering the restaurant, one can find that it ________.
A. has pleasant smells of kabobs
B. is splendidly decorated
C. is crowded with dining tables
D. looks like a common restaurant
（2）What activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant?
A. Reading local English newspapers.
B. Drinking a kind of black coffee.
C. Watching news events on TV.
D. Discussing world topics in low voices.
（3）The food of the restaurant ________.
A. is served in small amounts
B. is rather expensive
C. is rich in variety
D. is very healthy
（4）What is the dish Joojeh Kabob mainly made of?
A. Rice
B. Chicken
C. Bread
D. Beef
（5）It can be inferred from the passage that the restaurant
A. occupies a large space
B. owns a favorable location
C. is popular for its special food
D. has a quiet environment inside
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一家叫做Vanak Restaurant的餐厅，以及餐厅的特色食物。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"but once the pleasant smells of kabob (烤肉串) hit the senses" 可知一进酒店会首先闻到烤肉传的香味，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the
corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai"可知除了在餐厅用餐，还提到了看电视上的新闻事件，喝着一种叫“波斯茶”的红茶。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的 "The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy"餐厅的每道菜都非常健康，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Kabob, which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread. ”可知Joojeh Kabob是一道非常健康美味的菜肴，由烤鸡片和米饭或面包搭配而成。

Joojeh Kabob 主要是鸡肉制成的，故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. ”可知虽然餐馆很小，但是气氛和食物都很美味。

可推断餐厅以它特别的食物而受到欢迎，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because" the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature," the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
（1）According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?
A. It introduces different cultural values.
B. It explains the history of artistic works.
C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.
（2）In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ .
A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
（3）According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ .
A. they are results of scientific study
B. they establish some general principles of art
C. they are created by the world's greatest artists
D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
（4）Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Are Artistic Values Universal?
B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C. Is Human Nature Uniform?
D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.”可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件结合在一块，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popular art.”可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because‘ the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature," the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.’ ”可知Davide曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的，所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出不同的观点，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.。