2020-2021年八年级英语上册语法填空单元测试题(含答案)

2020-2021年八年级英语上册语法填空单元测试题(含答案)
一、八年级英语上册语法填空专项练习（含答案解析）
1．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Helen is in Grade Eight. She smiles at everyone and she's always glad to help others. But do you know she had a sad story?
Helen's parents died in ________fire when she was nine years old. After that, her aunt and uncle adopted（收养）her. They sent her to a new school. In that school, Helen________（know）nothing about her new classmates. She didn't talk too much and she was________（shy）and quieter than most kids. That made________difficult for her to make friends, so she had few friends at school. Her aunt and uncle worried about her.________（lucky）, Helen met a funny girl named Sandy. After making friends________Sandy, Helen became more outgoing________before. Sandy usually tells jokes to make her laugh and Helen often helps Sandy with her studies. Now they are good friends.
Helen is really hard-working and she always________（get） A's in her subjects. Sandy says, "Helen studies very hard. She often helps me with my homework. Now I'm getting better________（grade） with her help________she is different from me, I like her very much.【答案】 a；knew；shyer；it；Luckily；with；than；gets；grades；Though/ Although
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要叙述海伦九岁时父母死于火灾。

在那之后，她叔叔婶婶收养了她。

他们送她去了一所新学校。

在那所学校，海伦对她的新同学一无所知。

她说话不多，而且比大多数孩子更害羞，更安静。

这使她很难交到朋友，所以她在学校很少有朋友。

她叔叔婶婶很担心她。

幸运的是，海伦遇到了一个有趣的女孩，名叫桑迪。

在和桑迪交了朋友之后，海伦变得比以前更外向了。

桑迪经常讲笑话逗她笑，海伦经常帮助桑迪学习。

现在他们是好朋友了。

海伦真的很努力，她的科目总是得了A。

桑迪说：“海伦学习很努力。

她经常帮我做作业。

现在在她的帮助下，我的成绩越来越好。

虽然她和我不一样，但我非常喜欢她。

（1）考查不定冠词。

句意：海伦九岁时父母死于一场火灾。

fire火灾，可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，要用不定冠词a，故答案为：a。

（2）考查一般过去时。

句意：在那所学校，海伦对她的新同学一无所知。

know知道，动词。

本段都是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时。

know的过去式knew，故答案为：knew。

（3）考查形容词。

句意：她说话不多，而且比大多数孩子更害羞，更安静。

空格后有... and quieter than，可知有and连接并列形容词比较级。

形容词shy的比较级shyer，故答案为：shyer。

（4）考查代词。

句意：这使她很难交到朋友。

make使，让，使役动词，此处结构为make+宾语+宾补（形容词）。

固定结构。

此处是不定式短语作真正宾语，要放在句末，用it作形式宾语，故答案为：it。

（5）考查副词。

句意：幸运的是，海伦遇到了一个有趣的女孩，名叫桑迪。

由逗号与句子隔开，修饰整个句子作状语。

形容词lucky的副词为luckily。

故答案为：Luckily。

（6）考查介词。

句意：在和桑迪交了朋友之后，海伦变得比以前更外向了。

make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，固定短语。

故答案为：with。

（7）考查连词。

句意：在和桑迪交了朋友之后，海伦变得比以前更外向了。

根据more outgoing和before，可知那时与以前相比，要用比较级+than句型，故答案为：than。

（8）考查一般现在时。

句意：海伦真的很努力，她的科目总是得了A。

always总是，频率副词，常与一般现在时连用。

主语she，第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数gets。

故答案为：gets。

（9）考查名词复数。

句意：现在在她的帮助下，我的成绩越来越好。

grade，成绩，可数名词。

空格前有形容词better，后接名词。

空格前没有不定冠词，要用复数grades表示一类事物。

故答案为：grades。

（10）考查连词。

句意：虽尽管她和我不一样，但我非常喜欢她。

根据前后句意思，可知前后句是让步关系，要用从属连词though/although。

故答案为：Though/ Although。

【点评】考查语法填空。

考点涉及名词，副词、代词、连词、介词、冠词以及形容词的等考查，要求考生在理解信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，写出正确的答案。

2．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（最多限填3个单词）。

Hi, boys and girls! My name is Jim. I am a ________ （report） of our school newspaper. There was a great talent show in our school hall. Many teachers and students went to watch it. There were fifteen ________ （act）. I thought Linda was the best act. She is a pretty good piano player.________is the best one of the music club. She played some beautiful music. The nice music made me ________ comfortable and I lost myself in it. Steve and his dog were ________ （fun）. They sang a cute song together, When they sang, I couldn't ________ laughing. Vera was ________ （creative）act for sure. She played the guitar upside down. But I thought Dennis was the; ________. He was terrible and kept dropping the balls ________ he played carefully! The best performers were the math teachers. They ________ a nice song. They sang pretty well, and they were really the loudest, too. Everyone had a good time there.
【答案】reporter；acts；She；feel；the funniest；stop/ help；the most creative；worst；although/ though；sang
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了学校礼堂的一场很棒的才艺表演。

（1）句意：嗨，孩子们！我叫吉姆。

我是我们校报的记者。

不定冠词a后是名词单数，report是动词，reporter是名词，故填 reporter。

（2）句意：有十五个表演。

基数词fifteen后是名词复数，act是可数名词，故填 acts。

（3）句意：她是音乐俱乐部中最好的一个。

此处用人称代词主格she指代Linda，故填She。

（4）句意：美妙的音乐让我感到舒适，我沉浸其中。

make sb do，故此处是动词原形，comfortable是感觉到舒服，feel是动词，感觉，故填 feel。

（5）句意：史蒂夫和他的狗最有趣。

根据上文有十五个表演，可知是最高级比较范围，
were系动词后是形容词，fun是名词，funny是形容词，最高级前有the定冠词，故填the funniest。

（6）句意：当他们唱歌时，我禁不住笑出来。

can't stop/help doing，固定搭配，禁不住做某事，故填 stop/ help。

（7）句意：维拉肯定是个最有创造力的演员。

根据上文有十五个表演，可知是最高级比较范围，was系动词后是形容词，creative是多音节形容词，最高级前有the most ，故填the most creative。

（8）句意：但我认为丹尼斯是糟糕的。

根据the定冠词，可知是最高级比较范围，was 系动词后是形容词，根据He was terrible 可知很糟糕是最差的意思，worst，最差的，故填worst。

（9）句意：尽管他玩得很小心，开始他很糟糕，不停地掉球！根据 kept dropping the balls 不停地掉球和 he played carefully他玩得很小心，可知此处表示让步关系，故是连词尽管，although/ though，是连词，故填 although/ though。

（10）句意：他们唱了一首好歌。

某事过去用一般过去时，sing a song，唱歌，sing的过去式是sang，故填 sang。

【点评】考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，词性，最高级，连词搭配等多种用法。

3．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（最多限填3个单词）。

My family makes the best chicken salad. Dad prepares all of the ingredients and Mom makes the relish. There ________ a few things that make this chicken salad different from other chicken ________ （salad）. First, we use fruit jam（果酱） in the relish, You can buy any fruit jam, like banana jam or orange jam But we have ________ （bottle） of strawberry jam that my mother made, so we use the strawberry jam.________ （two）, we put some green olives （橄榄）. Green olives give the salad an________ （interest） taste and make a big difference. Now let me tell you how ________ （make） the salad.
First, mix ________ all of the salad ingredients in a large bowl. The ingredients are ________ （chicken）, tomatoes, green olives, onions and apples. ________ you like lettuce, you can also put some. Next, make the relish. Please mix the jam, the juice and the salt. Finally, mix the relish with the salad ingredients.
Do you have a favorite chicken salad recipe? Please tell ________ about it, You can write to greensalad@.
【答案】 are；salads；bottles；Second；interesting；to make；up；chicken；If；us
【解析】【分析】主要讲了怎样制作鸡肉沙拉。

（1）句意：有一些东西使这种鸡肉沙拉不同于其他鸡肉沙拉。

there be表示有……，主语things是复数，时态是一般现在时，所以be用are；other修饰可数名词复数，salad的复数是salads，故填are，salads。

（2）句意：但我们有我妈妈做的草莓酱。

bottle瓶，可数名词，前面没有表示单数的a或者one，所以用复数bottles，故填bottles。

（3）句意：第二，我们放一些绿色的橄榄。

two的序数词是second，故填Second。

（4）句意：绿色橄榄给沙拉一种有趣的味道，产生重大影响。

形容词修饰名词，taste味道，名词，指的是物，所以用以ing结尾的形容词，名词interest的形容词是interesting有趣的，故填interesting。

（5）句意：现在让我告诉你怎样制作沙拉。

how to do sth.，怎样做某事，固定搭配，故填to make。

（6）句意：首先，在一个大碗里混合所有的沙拉材料。

mix up，混合，固定搭配，故填up。

（7）句意：材料是鸡肉、西红柿、绿色橄榄、洋葱和苹果。

chicken鸡肉，不可数名词，故填chicken。

（8）句意：如果你喜欢莴苣，你也可以放一些。

放莴苣的条件是喜欢莴苣，所以用if，表示条件，故填If。

（9）句意：关于它请告诉我们。

tell sb. about sth.，告诉某人关于某事，sb.用宾格，告诉我们，所以用宾格us，我们，故填us。

【点评】考查语法填空，考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力。

注意理解句意，首先读一遍，然后再逐一作答。

注意句型、搭配、短语及语境。

4．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

My family makes the best chicken salad. Dad prepares all of the ingredients and Mom makes the relish. There________a few things that make this chicken salad different from other chicken salad. First, we use fruit jam in the relish. You can buy any fruit jam, like banana jam or orange jam. But we have bottles of strawberry jam that my mother made, so we use strawberry jam. ________（two）, we put some green olives（橄榄）. Green olives give the salad________interesting taste and make a big________（different）. Now let me tell you how________ （make）the salad.
First, mix________all of the salad ingredients in a large bowl. The ingredients are________（chicken）, tomatoes, green olives, onions and apples. ________you like lettuce, you can also put some. Next, make the relish. Please mix the jam, the juice and the salt. Finally, mix the relish with the salad ingredients.
Do you have a favorite chicken salad recipe? Please tell________（we）about it. You can write________greensalad@.
【答案】 are；Second；an；difference；to make；up；chicken；If；us；to
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是作者介绍自己的父母制作的一款最好的鸡肉沙拉的制作材料与制作过程。

（1）句意：有一些东西使这个鸡肉沙拉不同于其他鸡肉沙拉。

考查there be结构的基本用法，因a few things是可数名词的复数形式，be要用复数形式，故填are。

（2）句意：第二，我们将一些绿色橄榄放在里面。

根据前面的语句First, we use fruit jam in the relish.提示可知，此处要用序数词，因放在句首，第一个字母要大写，故填Second。

（3）句意：绿色橄榄给沙拉带来了有趣的味道。

taste在此处是可数名词，因是单数，前
面要用不定冠词，又因interesting的第一音素是元音音素，不定冠词要用an，故填an。

（4）句意：绿橄榄给沙拉带来了有趣的味道，并使其与众不同。

固定短语，make a big difference，表示与众不同，故填difference。

（5）句意：现在让我告诉你沙拉是怎么做的。

动词不定式常与what，how，when等特殊疑问词连用，做宾语，故填to make。

（6）句意：首先，把所有色拉配料混合在一个大碗里。

固定短语mix up表示混合，故填up。

（7）句意：配料是鸡肉、西红柿、青橄榄、洋葱和苹果。

chicken作为鸡肉来讲是不可数名词，故填chicken。

（8）句意：如果你喜欢吃生菜，也可以放一些。

根据语境可知此句需要if引导条件状语从句，表示如果，故填If。

（9）句意：请你告诉我们。

tell sb. sth.表示告诉某人某事，sb.是人称代词时要用宾格形式，故填us。

（10）句意：你可以写信给greensalad@。

固定短语，write to sb.，表示给某人写信，故填to。

【点评】考查语法填空。

通读全文理解大意，然后根据上下文或者所给单词的提示对所缺部分进行逐一解答。

5．语法填空
I had a great winter vacation last year. I went to the mountains ________ my family and we stayed with some friends. ________ （they） house was really big, with lots of trees around it. You could get lost very ________ （easy）.
Last year, the weather was very bad. It was windy, wet and snowy. ________, the mountains were beautiful. I love climbing, so we climbed every day. I took quite a few ________ （photo）, usually of different animals.
The countryside was very quiet, but across from the house there was ________ farm. The farmer had many cows, and they were ________ （loud） than cars! Every day we walked to the farm to get milk. It was so delicious!
There was a village that I ________ （ride）my bike to. It was very small. There wasn't anywhere to go shopping, but it was the best place ________ （go） on vacation! I even met two women from Canada. We are now friends. In ________ （fact）, we are the same in many ways.
【答案】 with；Their；easily；However；photos；a；louder；rode；to go；fact
【解析】【分析】主要讲了去年寒假的经历。

（1）句意：我和我的家人去爬山。

根据句意可知是和家人去的，所以用with，和……，表伴随，故填with。

（2）句意：他们的房子是真大。

house是名词，所以前面用形容词性物主代词修饰，they 是主格，其形容词性物主代词是their，故填Their。

（3）句意：你可能很容易迷路。

get lost是实义动词短语，副词修饰实义动词，easy的副
词是easily，故填easily。

（4）句意：然而，山是漂亮的。

根据前句the weather was very bad.可知天气是糟糕的，但是山却很漂亮，根据逗号可知用however，但是，故填However。

（5）句意：我拍了许多照片。

quite a few后面用可数名词复数，photo的复数是photos，故填photos。

（6）句意：但是房子对面有个农场。

farm是可数名词单数，以辅音音素开头，所以用a，故填a。

（7）句意：它们比车更大声。

than是比较级的标志词，所以用比较级louder，故填louder。

（8）句意：有一个我骑自行车去的村庄。

was表明时态是一般过去时，所以ride用过去式rode，故填rode。

（9）句意：但是它是度假的最好的地方。

the best place to do sth.做某事的最好地方，动词不定式to do表目的，故填to go。

（10）句意：事实上，我们在许多方面是相同的。

in fact事实上，故填fact。

【点评】考查语法填空，考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力，首先理解文章大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答。

注意考虑句型、搭配、语境等，最后通读一遍检查验证。

6．语法填空
Yesterday our school had a big show. We had________ great talent show. In that show, there were many wonderful________ （performer） from different classes, and even some teachers. Most of the students________（think） the best act was Eliza. She could play the piano the most beautifully. ________ was the funniest? Of course Steve was. You could see that he and his lovely dog sang the________ （song）together so that everyone couldn't stop laughing. Do you want ________（know） the most creative one? It must be Vera. She ________（play） the guitar upside down.
The ________（popular） acts were the math teachers in the show. They had many kinds of instruments（乐器）and they were the loudest ________all. However, there was also a terrible show. Dennis always kept dropping the balls everywhere.
All in all, I think it was fun to watch the shows ________you don't take them too seriously.
And they also give students a good way to show their talents.
【答案】 a；performers；thought；Who
；song（s）；to know；played；most popular；of；if
【解析】【分析】大意：短文主要介绍了学校的才艺秀。

（1）句意：昨天我们举办了一场很棒的才艺秀。

根据show，可数名词单数，前面要用冠词a/an，且great为辅音音素开头，因此用a。

故答案为a。

（2）句意：在那场秀里，有很多来自不同班级的表演者，甚至使一些老师。

根据some teachers 可知，应是表演者，performer；many 修饰可数名词复数。

故答案为 performers。

（3）句意：大多数学生认为，最好的表演是Eliza的。

根据be动词was可知，本句时态为一般过去时。

动词think的一般过去式为thought。

故答案为thought。

（4）句意：谁是最有趣的？根据下文Of course Steve was. 可知，问的是人，用代词who。

故答案为Who。

（5）句意：你可以看到他和他可爱的狗一起唱歌。

定冠词the后，既可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数。

故答案为 song（s）。

（6）句意：你想不想知道最有创意的那一个？固定搭配，want to do sth. 想要做某事，因此用不定式to know，故答案为 to know。

（7）句意：她颠倒来弹吉他。

根据前文可知，本文时态为一般过去时，动词paly的一般过去式为played。

故答案为palyed。

（8）句意：最受欢迎的是数学老师们。

定冠词the后接形容词的最高级，形容词popular 的最高级为most popular，故答案为most popular 。

（9）句意：他们有很多种乐器，而且他们是所有人中最大声的。

固定搭配，the+形容词+of all，所有之中最……，故答案为of。

（10）句意：总的来说，如果你别太当真的话，我认为看这场秀是很有趣的。

if，如果，引导条件状语从句，故答案为if。

【点评】考查语法填空。

注意分析句子成分、时态和固定搭配等语法，填写单词的正确形式。

7．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的内容（1个单词），或括号内单词的正确形式。

As we all know, it is very important to keep healthy. But do you know________ to keep healthy. Firstly, I think we must have enough food to keep________ （we）energy for breakfast. We must also have the right kind of food. Remember to eat ________ （many）fresh fruit and vegetables but less junk food. Don't forget to wash your hands________ meals. Secondly, it's necessary for us________ （take）exercise. Exercise will keep us active and strong. ________ （third）, I think staying up is bad for our health. ________ we can't get enough sleep, we may have a headache. We should go to bed early________ get up early. Lastly,________ （listen） to music or chatting can also make us________ （feel） relaxed.
【答案】how
；our；more；before；to take；Thirdly；If；and；listening；feel
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了保持健康的方法。

（1）句意：但是你知道怎样保持健康吗？根据下面的Firstly, I think we must have enough food..., Secondly...是介绍健康的方法可知上文应该是问怎样保持健康。

how是怎样，故答案为how。

（2）句意：我认为我们必须早餐吃足够的食物保持我们的能量。

名词前应用形容词性物主代词，we的形容词性物主代词是our。

故答案为our。

（3）句意：记住吃更多的新鲜的水果和蔬菜但是吃更少的垃圾食物。

根据but less junk food 可知应用many的比较级more更多，故答案为more。

（4）句意：不要忘记饭前要洗手。

根据常识饭前便后要洗手，应该是饭前。

before在……以前，故答案为before。

（5）句意：对于我们来说锻炼是重要的。

It's adj for sb to do sth对于某人来说干某事怎么样。

to后跟动词原形，故答案为to take。

（6）句意：第三，我认为熬夜对我们的健康有害。

根据前面Firstly，Secondly并列表顺序的词形式应保持一致。

应用Thirdly，第三，故答案为Thirdly。

（7）句意：如果我们得不到足够的睡眠，我们可能会头痛。

根据we may have a headache 可知是假设，应用如果if，句首单词第一个字母应大写，故答案为If。

（8）句意：我们应该早睡早起。

早睡和早起是并列关系，应用并列连词and。

故答案为and。

（9）句意：听音乐或者聊天也能使我们感到放松。

listen 和chatting 是两个并列的主语，形式应保持一致，应用lisen的动名词listening。

故答案为listening。

（10）句意：听音乐或者聊天也能使我们感到放松。

make sb do 是使某人做某事，应用动词原形feel，故答案为feel。

【点评】考查语法填空，考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力，答题时首先跳过空格掌握大意，然后细读文章作答，注意考虑句型，语法，搭配及语境。

最后通读一遍验证答案。

8．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

A lot of people wish to be slim（苗条）, but at the same time they are________（worry）about their health. In fact, it is important for everyone________（lose） weight healthily. But how can you do it? Here is some good________.
Drink plenty of water and eat a（n）________（health） diet. If you feel like eating snacks, drink a glass of water first. If you are still hungry after 15 minutes, then it is time________ a light snack. ________（try） to stay away from food with high calories（卡路里） , such as sweets and fast food.
Do not eat more than you can consume（消耗） . People get fat ________ they can not consume all the calories that they get. So knowing how many calories you really need ________ very important.
Take enough exercise. The "333" is good for you----exercise 3 times a week. For at least 30 minutes at________time, and pulse rate（脉搏率） should be more than 130m after exercising. Keep the three________（piece）of advice in mind and follow the advice. Then you will surely have a slim and strong body.
【答案】worried；to lose；advice；healthy；for；Try；because；is；a；pieces
【解析】【分析】主要讲了怎样健康减肥。

（1）句意：但是与此同时他们担心他们的健康。

be worried about，担心，固定搭配，故填worried。

（2）句意：事实上，对于每个人来说健康地减肥是重要的。

It +be+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.，故填to lose。

（3）句意：这是一些好的建议。

some修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，is表明后面名词是不可数名词，所以用advice，建议，故填advice。

（4）句意：喝足够的水，并且吃健康饮食。

diet，可数名词，前面需要形容词修饰，health是名词，形容词是healthy，故填healthy。

（5）句意：然后到了吃零食的时间了。

It's time for sth.到了做某事的时间了，故填for。

（6）句意：努力远离带有高卡路里的食物。

根据句意可知是祈使句，以动词原形开头，所以用try，句首单词首字母大写，故填Try。

（7）句意：人们变胖是因为他们不能消耗他们得到的所有卡路里。

前后两句表示因果关系，前句是结果，后句是原因，所以用because，故填because。

（8）句意：所以知道你真的需要多少卡路里是非常重要的。

主语是knowing how many calories you really need，属于动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数，时态是一般现在时，be+形容词，所以be用is，故填is。

（9）句意：每次至少30分钟，运动后脉搏率应该是每分钟超过130。

at a time，每次，故填a。

（10）句意：把这三条建议记在心里。

piece是可数名词，three后面用可数名词复数，所以用pieces，故填pieces。

【点评】考查语法填空，考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力，首先理解文章大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答。

注意考虑句型、搭配、语境等，最后通读一遍检查验证。

二、八年级英语上册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）
9．根据短文理解选择正确答案。

B
The word “day” has two meanings. When we talk about the number of days in a year, we are using “day” to mean 24 hours. But when we talk about day and night, we are using “day” to mean the time between sunrise and sunset. Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time. Always one half of the earth is having day and the other half night. A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by the spinning（旋转）of the earth. At the equator（赤道）day and night are sometimes the same length（长度）. They are each twelve hours long. The sun rises at 6 o'clock in the morning and sets at 6 o'clock in the evening. For six months the North Pole（北极）is tilted（倾斜）toward the sun. In those months the Northern Hemisphere（半球）gets more hours of sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere（半球）. Days are longer than nights. South of the equator nights are longer than days. For the other six months the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. Then the Southern Hemisphere gets more sunlight. Days are longer than nights. North of the equator nights are longer than days. Winter is the season of long nights. Summer is the season of long days.
（1）When the Western Hemisphere is having day, the Eastern Hemisphere is having ______.
A. both day and night
B. day
C. neither（既不）day nor night
D. night （2）A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by ________ of the earth.
A. the pushing
B. the pulling
C. the spinning
D. the passing
（3）At the equator day is as long as night ________.
A. sometimes
B. never
C. usually
D. always
（4）When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, the Northern Hemisphere gets ________ sunlight.
A. less
B. more
C. all
D. no
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】短文大意：day这个单词有两层含义，当我们谈论一年中有多少天时，我们用“天”表示24小时，但是当我们谈到“白天”和“夜晚”时，我们用“天”表示日出和日落之间的时间。

（1）细节推理题，根据文章内容But when we talk about day and night, we are using “day” to mean the time between sunrise and sunset. Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time. Always one half of the earth is having day and the other half night. 当地球的一半是白天时，另一半却是夜晚，可以推断“当西半球是白天时，东半球是夜晚”，故选D。

（2）细节理解题，根据文章内容A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by the spinning（旋转）of the earth. 可知选C。

（3）细节理解题，根据At the equator（赤道）day and night are sometimes the same length （长度）. 可知在赤道，有时白天和夜晚一样长，故选A。

（4）细节理解题，根据For six months the North Pole（北极）is tilted（倾斜）toward the sun. In those months the Northern Hemisphere（半球）gets more hours of sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere（半球）. 可知当北半球向太阳倾斜时，北半球的光照时间比南半球长，故选B。

【点评】这是一篇科普类阅读短文，讲述了“白天”和“夜晚”的划分。

10．阅读理解
Ferdinand Magellan（1480~1521） was a Portuguese explorer. In 1519, he led the voyage to sail around the world. It was also the first voyage to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Magellan gave the Pacific Ocean its name, which means "peaceful sea" in Portuguese. However, Magellan was killed in a battle before the voyage was finished. Only one of his ships, Victoria completed the journey.
It's said that Laozi lived in the about 5th century BC. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. This book is popular in both the East and the West, and it is still widely read today. Many people have found inspiration（灵感）from this book. There are many famous sayings in Daodejing. One of them is, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the law of universal gravitation. In 1687, Newton published one of the most important books in the history of science. In the book, Newton described many laws that show how the universe works. It's said Albert Einstein kept a picture of Newton on the wall of his study.
（1）Which of the following was the sad news during Magellan's voyage?
A. He was killed in a battle.
B. No ship completed the journey.
C. He found the "peaceful sea".
D. He gave the Pacific Ocean its name.
（2）Daodejing is still widely read today because ____________.
A. it was written by Laozi
B. many people have found inspiration from it
C. it is popular in the world
D. many famous sayings are about a journey
（3）The greatest achievement made by Newton is that ____________.
A. he published many important books
B. he discovered the law of gravity
C. he became an English physicist
D. his picture was kept by Einstein
（4）The right match（匹配）about the passage above is ____________.
I. Ferdinand Magellan
Ⅱ. Victoria
Ⅲ. Sir Isaac Newton
Ⅳ. Albert Einstein
a. the name of the ship
b. lived in the about 5th century BC
c. died in 1521
d. a physicist, mathematician and astronomer
A. I→b
B. Ⅱ→c
C. Ⅲ→d
D. IV→a
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍世界上三位历史名人：葡萄牙探险家麦哲伦、中国《道德经》的创始人老子和英国的物理学家牛顿。

（1）细节理解题。

由Magellan was killed in a battle before the voyage was finished.可知这对麦哲伦旅行来说是一个坏消息，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

由This book is popular in both the East and the West, and it is still widely read today. Many people have found inspiration（灵感） from this book. 这本书在东方和西方都很流行，至今仍被广泛阅读。

许多人从这本书中找到了灵感。

故选B。

（3）细节理解题。

由He discovered the law of universal gravitation.他发现了万有引力定
律。

故选B。

（4）细节理解题。

由 However, Magellan was killed in a battle before the voyage was finished. Only one of his ships, Victoria completed the journey. I. Ferdinand Magellan→ c. died in 1521和Ⅱ. Victoria→ a. the name of the ship； ; Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. Ⅲ. Sir Isaac Newton→ d. a physicist, mathematician and astronomer；It's said Albert Einstein kept a picture of Newton on the wall of his study.综上所述，结合选项，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

11．阅读理解
What can a poem writer and a film director share? More than you think! Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books about justice（正义）for all people, and he wrote kids' books too. The Sweet and Sour Animal Book is a book of his animal poems. Pictures and photos were used in the book. "Hold fast to dreams" is a line in Hughes' famous poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life.
When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money. He started a tree-planting business and made his film with the money he earned. Spielberg never stopped making films, even after many film schools refused him. Now he is one of the most popular and important filmmakers in the world. His films are about people who are adventurous（爱冒险的）, brave and kind. His characters often fight for what is good. Some of his films are about his Jewish background, such as Schindler's List. Spielberg once said, "I don't dream much at night because I dream for a living." In different ways, both Hughes and Spielberg have encouraged people of all ages to achieve their dreams.
（1）What is the best title for the passage?
A. Two men who were afraid to dream
B. Two filmmakers who were afraid to dream
C. Two writers who weren't afraid to dream
D. Two men who weren't afraid to dream
（2）When Langston Hughes became great, he was __________ Steven Spielberg, who became popular.
A. as old as
B. as young as
C. younger than
D. older than
（3）Which of the following is NOT Langston Hughes' writing about?
A. His experiences as an African American.
B. The fair treatment of animals.
C. Hard— working and happy people.
D. The fair treatment of people.
（4）What did Langston Hughes do in his whole life?
A. He never gave up his dream.。