审计英语审计工作底稿
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审计英语审计工作底稿
一、考情分析
从历年考试情况来看,本章在2013年考查了一道简答题。
往往和具体审计程序相联系,要注意工作底稿与监盘、函证等具体程序相联系的简答题,如分析工作底稿并纠错。
同时需要关注识别特征、审计工作底稿归档前后的变动、归档期限与保存期限等内容。
二、专业词汇
审计工作底稿:Audit documentation/Audit working paper
审计工作底稿的存在形式(纸质、电子介质、其他介质):The forms of audit documentation (paper, electronic, other forms)
识别特征:Identification characteristics /Recognition features
审计档案:Audit file
归档:Filing
审计工作底稿归档的期限:Filing Deadline of Audit Documentation
审计工作底稿归档后的变动:The Change of Audit Documentation after Filing
审计工作底稿的保存期限:Storage Life of Audit Documentation
函证:Confirmation
监盘:Supervision of inventory count
三、重点、难点讲解
Ⅰ.审计工作底稿的性质
Ⅰ.The nature of audit documentation
(一)审计工作底稿的存在形式
存在形式:纸质电子介质其他介质
电子或其他介质形式的应可以通过打印等方式,转换成纸质形式的审计工作底稿,并与其他纸质形式的审计工作底稿一并归档,同时,单独保存这些以电子或其他介质形式存在的审计工作底稿。
(一)The forms of audit documentation
Existence form: paper, electronic, other forms
Electronic and other forms can be converted into paper audit documentation by printing, and filed with other paper documentation, meanwhile, save those electronic and other forms of documentation separately.
事务所对底稿的控制的目的:
1.使审计工作底稿清晰地显示其生成、修改及复核的时间和人员;
2.在审计业务的所有阶段,尤其是在项目组成员共享信息或通过互联网将信息传递给其他人员时,保护信息的完整性和安全性;
3.防止未经授权改动审计工作底稿;
4.允许项目组和其他经授权的人员为适当履行职责而接触审计工作底稿。
The purpose of audit firm controlling the documentation:
1. To show the timing and staff of producing, modifying and re-checking;
2. To keep the completeness and safety of the information during any stages of the audit, especially when project members sharing the information or sharing the information to other person via internet;
3. Prevent unauthorized amending of the audit documentation;
4. Permission of project members and other authorized staff access to the audit documentation when there is a need to perform duties.
(二)审计工作底稿通常包括的内容
业务类:总体审计策略、具体审计计划、分析表、问题备忘录、重大事项概要、询证函回函、
管理层声明书、核对表、有关重大事项的往来函件(包括电子邮件),以及对被审计单位文件记录的摘要或复印件等。
(二)The content usually included in audit documentation
Business class: general audit strategies, specific audit plan, analyses table, Issues memoranda, summaries of significant matters, letters of confirmation and representation, checklists, correspondence (including E-mail)concerning significant matter, abstracts or copies of the entity’s records.
管理类:业务约定书、管理建议书、项目组内部或项目组与被审计单位举行的会议记录、与其他人士(如其他注册会计师、律师、专家等)的沟通文件及错报汇总表等。
Management class: engagement letter, management letter, minutes of project team or project team and auditee, communication documents with other professionals(other CPA, lawyers, specialists)and misstatement summary.
(三)审计工作底稿通常不包括的内容
审计工作底稿通常不包括
1.已被取代的审计工作底稿的草稿或财务报表的草稿;
2.对不全面或初步思考的记录;
3.存在印刷错误或其他错误而作废的文本;
4.重复的文件记录等。
(三)The content usually excluded in audit documentation
Audit documentation usually does not include
1. Superseded drafts of working papers or financial statements;
2. Notes that reflect incomplete or preliminary thinking;
3. Previous copies of documents corrected for typographical or other errors;
4. Duplicates of documents.
Ⅱ. 具体项目或事项的识别特征
Ⅱ. Recognition features of specific items
识别特征是指被测试的项目或事项表现出的征象或标志。
识别特征通常具有唯一性,这种特性可以使其他人员根据识别特征在总体中识别该项目或事项并重新执行该测试。
Recognition features is the signs of the tested project or items. Recognition features are usually unique, this features can help other person identify project or items and to re-perform the test according to the recognition features.
(1)如在对被审计单位生成的订购单进行细节测试时,注册会计师可能以订购单的日期或其唯一编号作为测试订购单的识别特征。
(1)For example, when performing a detailed test of purchase orders, CPA may use the dates or order numbers of purchase orders as recognition features of purchase order for testing.
(2)对于需要选取或复核既定总体内一定金额以上的所有项目的审计程序,注册会计师可以记录实施程序的范围并指明该总体。
例如,银行存款日记账中一定金额以上的所有会计分录。
(2)For a procedure requiring selection or review of all items over a specific amount, CPA can record the scope of the procedures and indicate the total. For example, all accounting entries of certain amount in bank journal.
(3)对于需要系统化抽样的审计程序,注册会计师可能会通过记录样本的来源、抽样的起点及抽样间隔来识别已选取的样本。
(3)For a procedure requiring systematic sampling, CPA may use the source recording the samples, starting point and the sampling interval to identify the selected samples.
(4)对于需要询问被审计单位中特定人员的审计程序,注册会计师可能会以询问的时间、被询问人的姓名及职位作为识别特征。
(4)For a procedure requiring inquiries of specific entity personnel, CPA may use the dates of inquires and the names and job designations of the entity personnel as identification characteristic.
(5)对于观察程序,注册会计师可以以观察的对象或观察过程、相关被观察人员及其各自的责任、观察的地点和时间作为识别特征。
(5)For an observation procedure, CPA may use the process or matter being observed, and where and when the observation was carried out as identification characteristic.
Ⅲ. 审计工作底稿的归档
Ⅲ. Audit documentation filing
(一)审计工作底稿归档工作的性质
在审计报告日后将审计工作底稿归整为最终审计档案是一项事务性的工作,不涉及实施新的审计程序或得出新的结论。
(一)The nature of audit documentation filing
The completion of the assembly of the audit documentation after the date of the auditor’s report is an administrative process that does not involve the performance of new audit procedures or the drawing of new conclusions.
如果在归档期间对审计工作底稿作出的变动属于事务性的,注册会计师可以作出变动,主要包括:
1.删除或废弃被取代的审计工作底稿;
2.对审计工作底稿进行分类、整理和交叉索引;
3.对审计档案归整工作的完成核对表签字认可;
4.记录在审计报告日前获取的、与项目组相关成员进行讨论并达成一致意见的审计证据。
Changes may, however, be made to the audit documentation during the final assembly process if they are administrative in nature, mainly include:
1. Deleting or discarding superseded documentation;
2. Sorting, collating and cross referencing working documentation
(二)审计档案的结构
(二)The structure of audit file
1.永久性档案
1. Permanent audit file
定义:永久性档案是指那些记录内容相对稳定,具有长期使用价值,并对以后审计工作具有重要影响和直接作用的审计档案。
Definition: permanent audit file are files which record stable, long-term use value content, and has significant influences and direct impact on future audit work.
特征:内容稳定(变动较少)、重要的、有长期使用价值(对以后审计工作具有重大影响和直接作用)等。
Characteristics: stable content(less adjustments), important, long-term use value (has significant influences and direct impact on future audit work)etc.
项目清单:
(1)审计项目管理:审计业务约定书;各期审计档案清单。
(2)被审计单位背景资料:组织结构;管理层和财务人员、董事会成员清单;关联方资料;会计手册。
(3)法律事项资料:公司章程、营业执照、历次董事会会议纪要;重要合同、协议等文件的复印件;有关土地、建筑物、厂房和设备等资产文件的复印件。
Project lists:
(1)Audit project management: engagement letter; each periods audit file lists.
(2)Background of the auditee: organization structure, management level and financial
staff, member list of board of directors; related party information; accounting manual.
(3)Legal matters information: articles of association, business license, previous board of director’s meeting records; important contract
2.当期档案
2. Period files
定义:当期档案是指那些记录内容经常变化,主要供当期和下期审计使用的审计档案。
例如,总体审计策略和具体审计计划。
Definition: Period files record those contents are variable, provided for current period and next period audit. For example, general audit strategy and specific audit plan.
特征:内容每年变动、仅供本次审计使用或下次审计参考等。
Characteristic: Contents change every year and only for the current period audit or next audit for the purpose of references.
项目清单:
(1)沟通和报告相关工作底稿:审计报告;与治理层、管理层的沟通和报告;管理建议书。
(2)审计完成阶段工作底稿:审计工作完成情况核对表;管理层声明书原件;重大事项概要;错报汇总表;被审计单位财务报表和试算平衡表;有关列报的工作底稿;财务报表所属期间的董事会会议纪要;总结会会议纪要。
(3)审计计划阶段工作底稿:总体审计策略和具体审计计划;被审计单位提交资料清单;主审注册会计师的指示;预备会会议纪要。
(4)特定项目审计程序表:舞弊;持续经营;对法律法规的考虑;关联方。
(5)进一步审计程序工作底稿:进一步审计程序表;有关控制测试工作底稿;有关实质性程序工作底稿。
(6)合并财务报表的工作底稿(如适用)
Project lists:
(1)Audit working papers related to communication and reporting : audit reports; reports and communication with management level; engagement letter.
(2)Audit documentation of completion stage: completion check lists; management letter; significant events summary; total misstatement lists; financial statement and trial balance of auditee; audit documentation about presentation; board’s meeting summary during financial statement period; summing-up meeting summary.
(3)Audit documentation of planning stage: general audit strategy and specific audit plan; data lists of the auditee; the instructions of the chief CPA; preliminary meeting summary.
(4)Procedures lists of specific audit project: fraud; going concern; consideration of the law; related party.
(5)Further audit procedures documentation: further audit procedure list; documentation about test control; documentation about substantive procedure.
(6)Consolidated financial statement documentation (Applicable)
(三)审计工作底稿归档的期限
(三)Filing deadline of audit documentation
已完成审计业务:审计报告日后60天内
Finished audit engagement: not more than 60 days after auditor’s report date
未完成审计业务:审计业务中止后的60天内
Unfinished audit engagement: not more than 60 days after the date of audit engagement suspension.
(四)审计工作底稿归档后的变动
(四)The change of audit documentation after filing
变动:
修改现有审计工作底稿
增加新的审计工作底稿
Variation:
Amendments of current audit documentation
Add new audit documentation
原则:
注册会计师不得在规定的保存期限届满前删除或废弃任何性质的审计工作底稿。
Principle:
CPA cannot delete or abandon any audit documentation before the expiration prescribed.
●需要变动审计工作底稿的情形
1.注册会计师已实施了必要的审计程序,取得了充分、适当的审计证据并得出了恰当的审计结论,但审计工作底稿的记录不够充分。
2.审计报告日后,发现例外情况要求注册会计师实施新的或追加审计程序,或导致注册会计师得出新的结论。
● Circumstances of needing changing audit documentation
1. The auditor has performed necessary audit procedures and obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence and get the appropriate audit conclusion but the record of audit documentation is not sufficient.
2. After the auditor’s report date, exceptional cases are identified to require the auditor performing new or additional audit procedures or lead to situation that the auditor obtains new conclusion.
●变动审计工作底稿时的记录要求
在完成最终审计档案的归整工作后,如果对工作底稿进行了变动,注册会计师均应当记录下列事项:
1.修改或增加审计工作底稿的理由;
2.修改或增加审计工作底稿的时间和人员,以及复核的时间和人员。
● The recording requirements of changing audit documentation
After final filing, if there is any change of the documentation, CPA should record following:
1. The reason of changing or adding audit documentation;
2. The time, personnel of modifying or adding audit documentation and the time and personnel of review.
(五)审计工作底稿的保存期限
(五)Storage Life of audit documentation
已完成审计业务:自审计报告日起至少保存10年
未完成审计业务:自业务中止日起至少保存10年
Finished audit engagement: at least ten years since the auditor’s report date.
Unfinished audit engagement: at least ten years after the date of audit engagement suspension.
连续审计:当期归整的档案中可能包括以前年度获取的资料(有可能是10年以前)。
注册会计师应视为当期取得并至少保存10年。
Continuous auditing: current audit files may include previous years’ information (may be 10 years ago). CPA should treat it as current information and keep it at least ten years.
同步系统训练
A 注册会计师负责审计甲公司2012年度财务报表。
与审计工作底稿相关的部分事项如下:(1)
A注册会计师在具体审计计划中记录拟对固定资产采购与付款循环采用综合性方案,因在测试控制
时发现相关控制运行无效,将其改为实质性方案,重新编制具体审计计划工作底稿,并替代原具体审计计划工作底稿。
(2)A注册会计师拟利用2011年度审计中获取的有关存货和成本循环的控制运行有效性的审计证据,将信赖这些控制的理由和结论记录于审计工作底稿。
(3)A注册会计师在对销售发票进行细节测试时,将相关销售发票所载明的发票日期以及商品的名称、规格和数量作为识别特征记录于审计工作底稿。
(4)审计报告日后,A注册会计师对在审计报告日前收到的应付账款询证函回函中存在的差异进行调查,确认其金额和性质均不重大,并记录于审计工作底稿。
(5)在归整审计档案时,A 注册会计师删除了固定资产减值测试审计工作底稿初稿。
(6)在完成审计档案归整工作后,A 注册会计师收到一份应收账款询证函回函,其结果显示无差异。
A注册会计师将其归入审计档案,并删除了在审计过程中实施的相关替代程序的审计工作底稿。
要求:
针对上述第(1)至(6)项,逐项指出A 注册会计师的做法是否恰当。
如不恰当,简要说明理由。
答案:
第(1)项,不恰当。
注册会计师应在审计工作底稿中记录在审计过程中对具体审计计划作出的任何重大修改和理由。
Event(1)is inappropriate. CPA shall record any significant modification and reason relating to specific audit plans in working papers during audit process.
第(2)项,恰当。
Event(2)is appropriate.
第(3)项,不恰当。
识别特征应当具有唯一性,发票日期以及商品的名称、规格和数量不具有唯一性/注册会计师应当将销售发票编号作为识别特征记录于审计工作底稿。
Event(3)is inappropriate. Features recognized should be unique, invoice date and product name, size and quantity are not unique/auditor shall treat sales invoice number as recognition feature and record it in working paper.
第(4)项,不恰当。
在出具审计报告前,注册会计师应当对收到的应付账款询证函回函中存在的差异进行调查,并记录于审计工作底稿。
删除或废弃任何性质的审计工作底稿。
【英文答案】
Event(4)is inappropriate. Before issuing audit report, auditor shall investigate the variances existing in account payable confirmation reply letter received, and record these in audit documentations.
第(5)项,恰当。
Event(5)is appropriate.
第(6)项,不恰当。
在完成审计档案的归整工作后,注册会计师不应在规定的保存期限届满前Event(6)is inappropriate. After finishing audit archives arrangement, auditor shall not delete or discard any audit work papers before the expiration of specified shelf life.。