单项突破系列--初二英语词汇突破讲义.doc

初二英语词汇
主讲：杨文哲
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初二英语词汇讲义
名词
可数
1. 以s/x/sh/ch结尾+es 读音[iz]
dish盘，碟
match比赛
sandwich三明治
七年级：bus公共汽车，class班级，wish愿望，box盒子，fish鱼（种类）
2. 改变内部元音
oo-ee
foot脚[fu:t], feet[fi:t]
tooth牙齿[tu:θ], teeth[ti:θ]
a-e
woman女人[ 'wumən ], women[ 'wimin ]
man男人[ mæn ]，men[men]
3. 辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+es，读音[z]
university大学
baby婴儿，小孩
company公司，伙伴
factory工厂
补充：boy男孩，day天，key钥匙，toy玩具（直接加s）
dictionary字典，family家，country国家，story故事（变y为i加es）4.-ren
child孩子（children）
5. o结尾
hero英雄
补充：photo照片，piano钢琴（加s）
tomato西红柿，potato土豆（加es）
I was just a small potato in the comapy, so few people noticed me.
A. not young
B. not tall
C. not old enough
D. not important
答案：D
6. f，fe—ves,读音[vz]
life生活不可数，生命可数lives
补充：leaf树叶，thief小偷
7. 可数名词前的冠词a/an
umbrella雨伞
engineer工程师
university
Europe，European欧洲的
__ hour __ university __ empty box __ honest boy __ umbrella __ European country
答案：an, a, an, an, an, an
There is __ “h”, __ “o”, __ “u” and __ “r” in the word “hour”.
A. an, an, a, an
B. a, an, a, an
C. an, an, a, a
D. a, a, an, an
答案：A，h[e tʃ], o[əu], u[ju:], r[ar],具有这个特点的字母还有f[ef], l[el], m[em], n[en], s[es], x[eks]
不可数
物质名词：气液固bread面包，rice大米，beef牛肉，fish鱼肉，meat肉，mutton羊肉，glass玻璃（glasses眼镜）抽象名词：
news新闻
information消息，信息
physics物理，物理学
success成功
danger危险
decision决定，决心
They got much __ on the Internet.
A. photo
B. ideas
C. message
D. information
答案：D
There is good __ for you. I’ve found your lost watch.
A. news
B. ideas
C. messages
D. thoughts
答案：A
Mrs. Jenny gave us __ on how to learn English well.
A. some advices
B. many advices
C. some advice
D. an advice
答案：C
What do you have for breakfast?
I often have __ or __.
A. breads, noodles
B. bread, noodles
C. breads, noodle
D. bread, noodle
答案B
其它
difference不同，差异
result结果，as a result结果，因此
way方法，手段，by the way顺便一提，in this way用这种方法，on one’s way to…在去…的途中
accident事故，by accident偶然地
population人口，a large/big/small population人口多/少
The experts think that India’s population may be __ than China’s __ 2020.
A. much, by
B. more, in
C. larger, by
D. larger, on
答案：C
形容词和副词
1. another[ ə'nʌðə ]其他的，另外的
第一种用法：另一个，又一个
Jenny wants to get __ job. She’s tired of working here.
A. a
B. one
C. the
D. another
答案：D
第二种用法：another+基数词，another + 名词复数，表示“又，在”，例We need another three books./ We need three more books.
Can you hand in your homework on time?
I’m afraid not. I need __ two weeks.
A. other
B. fewer
C. more
D. another
答案：D，other其他的，fewer更少的，more更多的（I need two more weeks）
2. enough [ i'nʌf ]充足的，足够的
用法：enough+名词，形容词/副词+enough(to do sth)足够…可以做某事，
Does your father walk __ up with you?
A. fast enough to catch
B. enough fast catching
C. enough fast to catch
D. fast enough catching
答案：A
3. kind仁慈的，友好的
4. hardly几乎不，几乎没有
hard困难的，坚硬的，努力的，hardly是个具有否定意义的副词（放在句中是个否定句）
Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, __?
A. wasn’t he
B. was he
C. didn’t he
D. did he
答案：D
5. necessary[ 'nesisəri ]必要的，必须的
6. other[ 'ʌðə ]其他的
关于other 的几个词组：the other/ the others, other/others，有the表示某一范围内其他的全部，没有the表示某一范围内其他的一部分（不是全部），加上s可以作代词单独使用，没有s使用时必须在后面加上名词
the other +名词，其他的…(全部)，the others 其他的全部，other+名词，其他的…（一部分），others其他的(一部分)
Miss Green is more warm-hearted, so she is busier than all __ nurses in the hospital.
A. others
B. other
C. the other
D. another
答案：C
7. same同样的（the same as…与…同样的）
相关词组：the same as…和…相同，all the same仍然，the same to you你也一样
You say bridge is safe but I shall take care __.
A. after all
B. in general
C. at the same time
D. all the same
答案：D
8. traditional[ trə'diʃən(ə)l ]传统的，惯例的
9. thirsty[ 'θə:sti ]口渴的
10. alone孤独地，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，三个都是表语形容词，只能放在主系表的句子中作表语，不能放在名
词的前面修饰名词，比如：He is awake.他醒着呢，She is asleep.她睡着了，不能说a awake boy，a asleep girl
11. interested [ 'intristid ]感兴趣的，词组be interested in…对…感兴趣
12. besides除…之外(还有)，例She has a few friends besides me.她除了我之外还有几个朋友
形容词的级
1. –e结尾，比较级直接加-r，最高级直接加-st
close [ kləuz ]近的，接近的(closer, closest)
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾，比较级变y为i加er，最高级变y为i加est
early [ 'ə:li ]早的(earlier, earliest)
easy [ 'i:zi ]容易的(easier, easiest)，词组：take it easy放轻松，别紧张
3. 以重读闭音节结尾（结尾的三个字母：辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母），比较级双写结尾的辅音字母加er，最高级
双写结尾的辅音字母加est
wet [ wet ]潮湿的（wetter, wettest）
fat [ fæt ]胖的(fatter, fattest)
thin[ θin ]瘦的，稀薄的(thinner, thinnest)
4. 少数双音节单词和多音节单词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most
comfortable [ 'kʌmfətəbl ]舒适的，安逸的(more comfortable, most comfortable)
careful [ 'kɛəful ]小心的，谨慎的(more careful, most careful)
famous [ 'feiməs ]著名的，出名的(more famous, most famous)
be famous for…因为…而出名
be famous as…作为…而出名
China is very __ the Great Wall and pandas.
A. famous as
B. famous for
C. ready to
D. ready for
答案：B，be ready to准备好要做某事，ready for…为某事做好准备
important[ im'pɔ:tənt ]重要的(more important, most important)
5. 特殊变化
·good/well, better, best
good词组be good at…, 擅长…，be good for…对…有好处
I think doing morning exercises is good __ our health.
Yes. I agree with you.
A. at
B. to
C. for
D. with
答案：C
well（身体）好，健康的，词组：do well in…在…方面做得好
·far远的，比较级further/farther, 最高级furthest/farthest
farther/farthest实际距离的远近，further/furthest(程度上)更近一步
You are standing too near to the TV. Can you move a bit __?
Ok, Mum. Is it all right here?
A. faster
B. slower
C. farther
D. nearer
答案：C
·little少的，小的，比较级less最高级least
few几乎没有，很少的，比较级fewer，最高级fewest
little和few表数量多少的区别：little+不可数名词，few+可数名词复数，a little/ a few (数量上)有一些，little/few (数量上)几乎没有
There is __ sheep on the hill.
A. a little
B. a few
C. little
D. few
答案：A，sheep单复数同形，is是单数的标志词，所以a few sheep和few sheep都是复数，不能和is连用，a little sheep表示一只小羊。

·many/much许多的(more, most)
many+可数名词复数，much+不可数名词
Shall I get something for you? What’s your favorite?
It’s very kind of you! Please don’t waste __ money. Special is the best choice.
A. many
B. too many
C. too much
D. much too
答案：C，词组too much和much too，too much + 不可数名词，“太多的…”，much too+形容词/副词“太，非常”
·bad坏的，差的（worse，worst）
be bad for…对…有坏处
代词
There is __ in the art exhibition. Please come and visit it.
A. something new
B. nothing new
C. new something
D. new things
答案：A
mine [ main ]我的（所有物）
Wow, your new bicycle looks the same as __.
Really?
A. me
B. I
C. my
D. mine
答案：D
either两者中的一个，常出现在either of…结构中，比如either of us我们（两个）中的一个，当放在句中作主语时，为单数，谓语动词应当使用单数形式（be动词要选择is，was，行为动词要变成单数第三人称的形式），比如Either of them is OK.他们两个中的任何一个都可以。

neither两者（中的任何一个）都不，常出现在neither of…结构中，放在句中作主语时，为单数
My aunt has two children. But __ of them lives with her.
A. each
B. neither
C. either
D. both
答案：D
动词
1. plan计划(现在分词planning，过去式和过去分词planned)
用法：plan to do, plan on doing打算、计划做某事
Don’t plan __ driving a car in Tibet, __?
A. to, will you
B. on, do you
C. on, will you
D. to, do you
答案：C
2. win赢(现在分词winning, 过去式和过去分词won)
区别：win和beat，beat打败+ 被打败的对象，win赢得+赢得的荣誉、地位或比赛，如We have __ your class.填beaten In the 49th World Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛)，Wang Liqin __ Ma Lin and __ the champion (冠军) of the Men’s Singles.
A. beat, beat
B. won, won
C. beat, won
D. won, beat
答案：C
3. cut切，割(现在分词cutting，过去式和过去分词cut)，相关词组：cut up切碎，cut in line插队
He bought some meat and __ it.
A. cuts up
B. cut up
C. cuts
D. cutted up
答案：B
4. put放置，(现在分词putting，过去式和过去分词put)，相关词组：put out熄灭，关灯
He picked up the paper and __ it into the bin.
A. puts
B. put
C. putted
答案：B
5. run跑，(现在分词running，过去式ran，过去分词run)，相关词组：run away逃跑，run out of用完，用尽
(2006宁夏) I will not buy that refrigerator because I have __ money.
A. got out of
B. taken out of
C. looked out of
D. run out of
答案：D，get out of逃避，摆脱，take out of取出，除去，look out of从…朝外看
6. borrow借入（过去式和过去分词borrowed）
用法：borrow借入，搭配borrow sth. from sb. “从某人处借入某物”，
lend借出，搭配lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”，
lend和borrow两个词均为短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，如果想表示一段时间的借入或借出，应用keep替换
1). I’m sorry I can’t __ you any money.
A. lend
B. borrow
C. keep
答案：A
2). I think you should borrow some money __ your friends.
A. from
B. to
C. in
答案：A , borrow的搭配：borrow sth. from sb. “从某人处借入某物”
3). Do you have an English-Chinese dictionary?
Yes, here you are. You can __ it as long as you like.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. keep
答案：C 时间词“as long as you like” “想借多久就借多久”时间段的词只能用keep
7. exercise锻炼，运动
作名词使用时，作“习题，体操”讲时是可数名词，作“锻炼”讲时是不可数名词
The students have __ many exercises that they can’t finish __ in time.
A. so, them
B. so, it
C. such, them
D. such, it
答案：A，so many“如此多的”so many+可数名词复数exercises，代替exercises要用复数的代词
8. finish完成，结束
用法：finish + doing做完某事，如I finished __ the novel last night. (read), 应填reading
9. forget忘记
forget to do：忘记了一件应作而未作的事，“还没做…”，forget doing：忘记了一件已经做过的事，“忘记已经做了…”Jim, come back, your new book is still in the drawer.
Oh, thank you. I have forgotten __ it there.
A. to put
B. put
C. putting
D. to putting
答案：C
10. get变得
相关词组：get along(with sb.)相处，get on相处，进展，get out出去，离开，get over克服，恢复，get to到达，get up 起床，
I find Tom easy to get along __. So I’d like him to come to my birthday party.
A. to
B. for
C. with
答案：C
Oh, I’ve left my schoolbag in the classroom.
Don’t worry. I’ll __ it for you.
A. bring
B. get
C. take
D. carry
答案：B，注意bring, get, take, carry的区别：bring带来，take拿走，carry（搬起来）拿走，get“去拿回来”
11. hear听见(现在分词hearing，过去式和过去分词heard)，
用法：hear sb. doing sth听到某人正在做某事强调动作正在进行., hear sb. do sth听到某人做某事，强调过程；
hear和listen区别：hear“听见”，listen“听(不一定听见)”
相关词组：hear about听说，hear of听说，hear from收到…来信
I heard from Joe, my friend, yesterday.
A. sent a letter to
B. received a letter from
C. listened to
D. heard of
答案：B
Do you often hear John __ in his room?
Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him __ in his room
A. sing, to sing
B. singing, sing
C. sing, singing
D. to sing, singing
答案：C
12. leave（现在分词leaving, 过去式和过去分词left）离开，出发
用法：leave是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，表示离开一段时间应换成be away
My father __ on business for two weeks. He will returns in three days.
A. left
B. has left
C. has gone
D. has been away
答案：D
13. look看，相关词组look after照顾，look at看，look through浏览，look like看起来像，look forward to doing盼望做某事，look up向上看，在字典里查
What are you doing, Cathy?
I’m __ my cat. I can’t find it.
A. looking for
B. looking at
C. looking up
D. looking after
答案：A
Kate didn’t go to the movie last night because she had to __ her sick dog at home.
A. look at
B. look up
C. look for
D. look after
答案：D
14. make使，
用法：make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them __ how much they mean to us.
A. to know
B. knowing
C. know
答案：C
相关词组：make a living谋生，make friends with与…交友，make progress取得进步
15. send送，寄（现在分词sending，过去式和过去分词sent）
相关词组：send for…派人去请…，send up发射
Would you please send __ a doctor? My grandfather is ill.
A. away
B. for
C. off
答案：B
Our country is going to __ another man-made satellite next year.
A. send up
B. put up
C. make up
D. open up
答案：A
16. stay保持，维持
用法：stay保持某种状态（stay +形容词）
相关词组：stay up熬夜
I hear the weather will __ cold for another week.
I hope not. I hate cold weather.
A. turn
B. last
C. get
D. stay
答案：D
17. teach教，相关词组：teach sb. sth.教某人某事，teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
The children __ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.
A. are taught
B. were taught
C. have taught
D. taught
答案：B
18. use使用，利用，相关词组be used to doing习惯于做某事，be used to do被用来做某事，used to do过去常常做某事，He used to __ in the sun, but now he is used to __ at night.
A. read, read
B. reading, read
C. read, reading
D. reading, reading
答案：C
What’s this kind of knife used for?
It’s only used for __ meat. （cut）
答案：cutting
19. cost价值，花
区别：cost, spend, pay, take
pay/spend主语是人，cost/take主语是物，相关词组：pay for为…支付，spend…on sth./ (in) doing在某事上花费/在做某事上花费，It takes sb. 时间/金钱+ to do做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱
How much does this DVD __?
It’s 298 Yuan.
A. cost
B. pay
C. spend
答案：A
His parents were worried that he __ too much time chatting on line.
A. spent
B. cost
C. paid
D. had
答案：A
It __ the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam.
A. spends
B. costs
C. paid
D. took
答案：D
20. dress给…穿衣服
区别：dress, have sth. on, wear, put on“穿，戴”
have sth on和wear表示穿戴的状态，have sth on无进行时态，put on表示穿戴的动作，dress可以表示穿戴的动作也可表示状态，如：The mother is dressing her little daughter.妈妈正在给小女儿穿衣服（动作）
The mother dressed well. 妈妈穿的很好。

（状态）
The girls had on skirts of all different colors.女孩子们穿着各种颜色的裙子。

（状态）
She never wears green.她从不穿绿色的衣服。

（状态）
It was cold in the morning so he put on a thick sweater.早晨很冷，所以他穿上了一件厚毛衣。

（动作）
21. give给，
用法：give sb. sth., give sth. to sb.给某人某物/把某物给某人
相关词组：give away赠送，分发，give back归还，give up放弃，
Though the clothes are new, she has decided to give __ to the people in disaster areas(灾区).
A. it away
B. them away
C. away it
D. away them
答案：B，名词clothes放在两个位置均可give the clothes away/give away the clothes, 但代词只能放在两者之间give them
away
Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better __.
A. give up it
B. give it up
C. take out it
D. take it out
答案：B
22. happen发生，相关词组happen to sb.某人发生了某事，
用法：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态；happen是短暂性动作，没有进行时态
We haven’t heard from Kate for a long time.
What do you suppose __ to her?
A. was happening
B. to happen
C. has happened
D. having happened
答案：C
23. pick采，摘，挑选，相关词组：pick up捡起，pick up捡起，用车接载
Where did you get it?
I __ it up on the way to work.
A. put
B. picked
C. gave
D. looked
答案：B
24. begin开始
用法：begin是短暂性动作，不能和一段时间连用，如果要和时间段连用，应替换成be on
Hurry up! The play __ for half an hour.
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. began
D. has been on
答案：D
25. receive接受，收到
区别：receive和accept，receive“收到”形式上收到，accept“接受”从心里上承认
I __ an invitation to the party but I didn’t __ it. 答案：received，accept
26. allow允许，相关词组allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，
Lucy likes to travel around the world, but her parents didn’t __ her to do so.
A. allow
B. ask
C. make
答案：A
27. compare比较
相关词组：compare…to…把…比作…，compare…with…把…比作…，
Shakespeare __ the world __ a stage.
答案：compared to，莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。

take拿，花费，搭乘，相关词组：take an interest in对…感兴趣，take away拿走，take care小心，take care of照顾，照看，take off脱下，起飞，take place发生，take part in参加，参与
wait等待（wait for等待，wait in line排队等候）相关词组：wait for…等待
communicate[ kə'mju:nikeit ]交流，沟通，相关词组：communicate with sb和某人沟通，如It is hard to communicate with you.跟你沟通真困难。

travel旅行，传播，如Nothing travels faster than light. 光比任何东西传播的都快。

come来，相关词组：come along出现，发生，跟随，come true实现，come in进来，
fall落下(过去式fell，过去分词fallen)
相关词组：fall asleep入睡，fall behind落后，fall down 倒下，fall in love with爱上play玩，播放，相关词组play football/basketball踢足球, play the piano弹钢琴。