2018-2019学年高考科普知识试题英语试卷

2018-2019学年高考科普知识试题英语试卷
一、阅读理解
1. While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary thin gs that we all take for granted—
being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot ste aming pizza.
Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to th e third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer.
About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.
The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype（雏形）
that begins by creating a single slice of dough（面团）
that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”—
a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is pri nted, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contract or is far from ready for astronauts.
That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed fr om all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced to the powder form.
This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy.
But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.
Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go t o Mars!
（1）Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A.To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B.To show they live a difficult life there.
C.To show their life is boring in space.
D.To introduce the topic of the text.
（2）NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ______.
A.create some new type of 3D printer
B.attract more companies to work for NASA
C.help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D.produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
（3）The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ______.
A.he has no money left to go on with his research
B.the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C.he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D.he cannot make the food container last for decades
（4）What’s the best title of the passage?
A.NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B.Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C.NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D.A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
【答案】
D
C
D
B
【考点】
标题归纳
推理判断
说明文阅读
细节理解
科教类阅读
【解析】
宇航员在太空时，也会有食物的需求。

最新的研究表示，3D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上披萨。

【解答】
（1）D 推理判断题。

根据第一段尤其是第一段最后一句可推知作者提及宇航员在太空不能做某些事情是为了引出本文的话题。

故正确答案为D。

（2）C 细节理解题。

根据第二段的
“About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to b uild a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.”可知NASA提供资金是帮助宇航员在太空吃上披萨，故正确答案为C。

（3）D 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的
“That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last fo r 30 years.”可知仍旧面临的问题是食物容器持续使用的时间，故正确答案为D。

（4）B 标题归纳题。

文章主要介绍了为了能让宇航员在太空中吃到披萨，
Anjan Contractor研究制造3D pizza printer的过程以及遇到的进步与挑战，B项“宇航员不久之后或许能在太空中吃到刚出炉的披萨”符合文意。

故正确答案为B。

2.
Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big machines.
You should use paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about five centimeters by five centimeters.
Everything is placed in a container, covered with water and brought to a boil. It is mixed for about two hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp（纸浆）, can be stored until you are ready to make paper.
When you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a mold. The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To
help dry the paper, the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares.
After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched.
The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.
（1）It is suggested that we "should choose paper with small amounts of printing" to
______.
A.make paper by ourselves
B.renew the old envelopes
C.make various colored paper
D.create our own newspaper
（2）Whether the paper is strong enough to be touched is determined by ______.
A.how long the pulp is stored
B.how thick the paper is
C.how much water remains
D.what type of chemicals are used
（3）When the paper is lifted from the mold, it is time to ______.
A.make it smooth
B.make it strong
C.decorate it
e an iron
（4）The passage is most probably intended to ______.
A.introduce the history of paper-making
B.describe the process of paper-making
pare the ancient with the modern paper-making
D.argue about the possibility of paper-making by hand
【答案】
A
C
A
B
【考点】
高三
目的意图
推理判断
说明文阅读
细节理解
科教类阅读
【解析】
此题暂无解析
【解答】
（1）A 推理判断题。

根据第一段第二句But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big machines.可知主要讲述的是手工做纸的话题，要选择那些印刷内容较少的纸张。

所以在第二段中提出选择这样的纸，目的就是自己做纸。

故A正确。

（2）C 推理判断题。

根据第五段可知，经过几次干燥过程后，纸就会变结实，就可以
触摸了，所以，自己生产的纸能否被触摸，取决于里面还剩多少水分。

故C正确。

（3）A 细节理解题。

根据最后两段 After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched.和The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.说明当纸从模具里拿出来以后，要对它们进行熨烫，让它们变平。

故A正确。

（4）B 目的意图题。

作者在本文中讲述的是如何手工做纸，并详细介绍了手工做纸的程序和方法。

所以本文主要就是描述做纸的过程，故B正确。

3.
Like people, plants experience stress. And also, like people, the response to that stress can determine success.
Bad environmental conditions, such as drought, flood, heat and other stresses, affect yields （产量）more than crop pests and diseases. “We are trying to fi nd a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields,” said Stephen Howell, a professor of genetics and cell biology.
Plant cells produce proteins（蛋白质）and ship them to different parts of the cell. Under normal conditions, these proteins are folded into their normal, healthy structures as they are produced. When a plant is under stress, its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell, said Howell.
In response to the alarm, another protein（IRE1）starts working and creates a different process which activates（激活）the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.
“As it turns out, responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell. “This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions.”
“For plants in the wild, this response is a help for survival,” he said. “In production of agriculture crops, however, this response reduces yields.”
“You don’t want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said. “You want them to continue to grow and produce even though they are under s tress.”
“With the new understanding of this stress response, the next step may be to silence the alarm system,” said Howell. “What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses. That may make the plant more productive under stress condition s.”
（1）According to the text, an alarm in the plant cells is caused by ______.
A.the folded proteins
B.the changed proteins
C.the defensive measures
D.the stress response genes
（2）The energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions ______.
A.helps the plants to survive
B.helps to maintain high yields
C.keeps the plants growing
D.helps to produce proteins
（3）The underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “______”.
A.prevent
B.start
C.continue
D.promote
（4）
How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?
A.By making crop plants keep more energy.
B.By making crop plants stop growing.
C.By making the alarm system stop working.
D.By making the alarm system respond quickly.
【答案】
B
A
A
C
【考点】
说明文阅读
词义猜测
细节理解
科教类阅读
【解析】
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了植物细胞的报警是由改变
蛋白质产生的，豪厄尔在压力条件下通过使报警系统停止工作使作物保持高产。

【解答】
（1）B 细节理解题。

根据第三段：When a plant is under stress,
its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.可知植物细胞的报警是由改变蛋白质
产生的；故选B。

（2）A 细节理解题。

根据第五段最后一句
This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions.可知植物储存的
能量能帮助植物生存；故选A。

（3）A 词义猜测题。

根据倒数第三段
"For plants in the wild, this response is a help for survival," he said.
“In production of agriculture crops, however, this response reduces yields.”可知压力下的植
物反应能帮助植物存活但是会减少产量，由此可推断划线词所在句是说“事实证明，在
压力条件下被激活的反应实际上抑制了植物的生长。

”故选A。

（4）C 细节理解题。

根据最后一段：
With the new understanding of this stress response, the next step may be to silence the alar
m system.可知豪厄尔在压力条件下通过使报警系统停止工作使作物保持高产；故选C。

4.
Robots are being used for the first time in hospitals. “Robot-nurses” perform a variety of tasks such as delivering medicine, food and laboratory samples to sickrooms and taking away waste. Patients aren’t treated by robots, as this is still done by medical staff. T he idea is to employ robots to transport supplies between departments.
“Nurses often have to break off from what they are doing to gather supplies,” says Peter Seiff, who makes the robots called TUGs. Research shows any interruption in medical work can lead to errors—a nurse may forget whether she has given medicine and may give a patient double the dose（剂量）or none at all.
The robots vary in size according to what job they perform, but normally take the shape of a metal box on wheels, with a box on the side containing their software.
After being programmed, the robots are able to find their way around a hospital unassisted. They also contain scanning te chnology to create electronic pictures or a “memory” of routes
on their hard drives to help them go through passages, doors and other obstacles. Each robot is also monitored at the producer’s headquarters（总部）in case it runs into any difficulties.
Trials show TUGs reduce the time it takes for a patient to receive medicine, and stop drugs from going missing. A study at the University of Maryland Medical Centre in the US found that when three TUGs were used over the course of a year, the average length of time from the drugstore receiving a prescription to the patient receiving it dropped from 74 minutes to 30 minutes and saved nurses 6,123 hours finding medicines. It also cut the number of medicines that went missing to zero.
“The biggest complaints we receive from patients is that the nurses don’t spend enough time with them. Anything that frees nurses is boon,” says Katherine Mulligan, director of nursing at the hospital, “The TUGs allow nurses to spend more time focusing on patient care. Nurse satisfaction h as improved.”
（1）Why do the patients complain before?
A.The nurses often make errors.
B.The robots may interrupt the treatment.
C.The nurse often give a patient double the dose.
D.The nurses don’t spend enough time with patients.
（2）Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.Robots can do many tasks.
B.All robots have the same size.
C.Robots are unable to find their way by themselves.
D.Robots cannot get help if they run into difficulties.
（3）What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
A.Experiments show “Robot-nurses” perform well.
B.“Robot-nurses” can save time.
C.“Robot-nurses” can cut the number of medicine.
D.“Robot-nurses” vary in size.
（4）What is the attitude of the author to robot-nurses？
A.Disappointed.
B.Positive.
C.Negative.
D.Disapproval.
【答案】
D
A
A
B
【考点】
段落大意
说明文阅读
观点态度
细节理解
科教类阅读
【解析】
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了实验表明“机器人护士”表
现良好，大大减低了病人对于护士没有足够时间照顾他们的不满。

【解答】
（1）D 细节理解题。

根据最后一段：
The biggest complaints we receive from patients is that the nurses don’t spend enough time with them. Anything that frees nurses is boon可知病人要抱怨护士没有花足够的时间和病人在一起；故选D。

（2）A 细节理解题。

根据第一段：“Robot-nurses” perform a variety of tasks such as…可知机器人可以做许多任务；故选A。

（3）A 段落大意题。

根据第五段：
the average length of time from the drugstore receiving a prescription to the patient receivin g it dropped from 74 minutes to 30 minutes and saved nurses 6,123hours finding medicines 可知实验表明“机器人护士”表现良好；故选A。

（4）B 观点态度题。

根据最后一段：…direct or of nursing at the hospital, "
The TUGs allow nurses to spend more time focusing on patient care.
Nurse satisfaction has improved可知作者对机器人护士的态度是积极的；故选B。

5.
Expensive and new gloves allow chatterboxes（话匣子）to take the term "handsfree" to a new level—by talking into them as they make a call. The gloves are known as "Talk to the Hand" and cost £1,000 a pair. They fixed a speaker unit into the thumb and a microphone into the little finger that can be connected to any mobile handset using Bluetooth.
Artist Sean Miles designed the new gloves that double as a phone in part of his project that shows the possibilities of gadget recycling. He uses outdated gloves and combines them with parts from mobile handsets recycled through O2, which commissioned（承担）the project. Mobile phone users will be able to keep their hands warm while they chat without taking their phones out of their pockets or handbags.
Mr Miles designed two pairs of the new gloves—one in pink and the other in brown and yellow. They will appear in an exhibition this July and visitors will be able to win the gloves. If demand is high, they will then be produced on a larger scale. O2 Recycle, which backed the project, estimates that there are already 70 million unused mobile handsets in the UK. The service pays up to £260 to those who recycle gadgets including phones, handheld consoles, MP3 players and digital cameras.
Designer Sean Miles hopes his work will get people thinking about recycling. The 41-year-old said, “I hope that my ‘Talk to the Hand’ project will get people to think again about the waste created by not recycling gadgets. If a few more people recycle their gadgets rather than send them to trash, I think this project will have fulfilled its aim.”
Bill Eyres, head of O2 Recycle, urges people to recycle their phone responsibly. He said, “There’s a pressing need for all of us to look at outdated handsets, and all the gadgets that we move on from or upgrade each year. Whether they are consoles or cameras, we should think of them as a resource that we need to recycle responsibly rather than throw them away.”
（1）The underlined word "O2" in Paragraph 2 is probably the name of ______.
A.an artist
B.a company
C.a mobile
D.an exhibition
（2）Consumers can buy the "Talk to the Hand" gloves ______.
A.in the exhibition
B.from Mr Miles
C.when they are mass produced
D.after they recycle the gadgets
（3）The purpose of the project is to ______.
A.promote the technology of IT
B.enable people to talk to their hands
C.raise people’s awa reness of recycling
D.attract visitors’ attention in the exhibition
（4）What is the passage mainly about?
A.New mobiles that are fashionable.
B.Outdated handsets that are upgraded.
C.Outdated gadgets that can be used for recycling.
D.New gloves that can be used for making phone calls.
【答案】
B
C
C
D
【考点】
高三
目的意图
主旨大意
推理判断
说明文阅读
词义猜测
科教类阅读
【解析】
此题暂无解析
【解答】
（1）B 词义猜测题。

根据第二段第二句话“He uses outdated gloves and combines them with parts from mobile handsets recycled through O2, which commissioned（承担）the project.”意思是他使用了过时的手套，把它们和手机的零件组装起来，手机零件是从
O2回收过来的，O2承担了这个项目，可以推断出O2是个公司，其他选项均不符合情理。

故选B。

（2）C 推理判断题。

根据第三段第三句话“If demand is high, they will then be produced on a larger scale.”可以知道如果需求量大的话会大规模生产，这样消费者就能买到这种手套。

故选C。

（3）C 目的意图题。

根据倒数第二段第一句话和最后一句话“Designe r Sean Miles hopes his work will get people thinking about recycling.”以及“If a few more people recycle their gadgets rather than send them to trash, I think this project will have fulfilled its aim.”可以知道这个项目的目的是提高人们回收利用废弃物的意识。

故选C。

（4）D 主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍的是一种能打电话的新型手套，由过时的手套和回收利用的旧手机零件组装而成，可以让打电话的人的手保持温暖。

故选D。

二、完形填空
A person should eat right, get some exercise, or he or she will look terrible in 25 years. And if the person drinks and smokes? Even（1）______. That’s the message from Blue Cross Blue Shield. The（2）______, called "Future You", uses a digital camera and computer to compare a person’s current image with his or her future（3）______ without changes in
bad habits.
"Smoking can（4）______ your skin," said Anna, a creative operation manager, "You can see what the results of the toxins（毒素）and the chemicals in（5）______ are." Along with
the potentially（6）______ sight of one’s older self, Future You offers science-based（7）
______ on what to eat, how much to exercise and other ways to（8）______ your health. But will it work? It is too（9）______. "I want to see some data!" she said. Generally, Anna said, men show（10）______ concern about their appearance than women. "Women
say, ’That looks like my（11）______ on the screen,’" she said. "Men are more likely to（12）______, ’Yeah, go ahead. Put it on Facebook.’" The project was raised more than a year ago
to improve the overall（总体的）health of the people who are（13）______ of this company. In addition, the growth in the ranks of（14）______ customers would bring down the overall cost of health care. In coming weeks, two new ones will be（15）______ in locations such as the American Tobacco Campus and the Museum of Natural Science. If users （16）______, their information will be stored as secrets without names to create a database of good and bad（17）______.
The process is free and the response is not（18）______, at least according to Valencia Robertson, one of a line of people who waited to（19）______ the instrument on Thursday. "I’m good," Robertson said after（20）______ her future image. "I t’s not going to be a big difference."
（1）
A.easier
B.happier
C.bitter
D.worse
（2）
A.instrument
B.picture
C.place
D.structure
（3）
A.wealth
B.character
C.appearance
cation
（4）
A.reflect
B.bother
C.ruin
D.affect
（5）
A.cigarette
B.beers
C.medicines
D.foods
（6）
A.confusing
B.convincing
C.depressing
D.exciting
（7）
A.opinions
B.plans
C.thought
D.advice
（8）
A.break
B.damage
C.preserve
D.change
（9）
A.possible
B.natural
C.early
D.clear
（10）
A.deeper
B.less
C.higher
D.stronger
（11）
A.son
B.father
C.daughter
D.mom
（12）
A.guess
B.say
C.doubt
D.wonder
（13）
A.customers
B.managers
C.secretaries
D.cleaners
（14）
A.cautious
B.smart
C.careless
D.generous
（15）
A.showing up
B.thought out
C.sold out
D.dying out
（16）
A.know
B.agree
e
D.listen
（17）
A.habits
B.choices
C.methods
D.plans
（18）
A.nice
B.cool
C.strange
D.bad
（19）
A.repair
B.sell
C.try
D.buy
（20）
A.drawing
B.viewing
C.picturing
D.imaging 【答案】
D
A
C
D
A
C
D
C
C
B
D
B
A
B
A
B
A
D
C
B
【考点】
高三
动词辨析
动词短语
形容词辨析
科普知识类阅读
说明文完形
名词辨析
【解析】
此题暂无解析
【解答】
（1）D 考查形容词辨析。

A easier更容易；B happier更幸福；C bitter更苦涩；D worse 更差。

“if the person drinks and smokes?”可知，如果吸烟或喝酒的话那就更糟了。

故选D。

（2）A 考查名词辨析。

A instrument仪器；B picture图画；C place地方；D structure
结构。

根据下文“called ‘Future You’, uses a digital camera and computer to”可推知，这里
指仪器。

故选A。

（3）C 考查名词辨析。

A wealth财富；B character性格, 特点；C appearance外观，出现，外表； D education教育。

根据上文“compare a person’s current image with”可知，
这里是指将一个人现在和未来的外表进行比较。

故选C。

（4）D 考查动词辨析。

A reflect反射，反映，体现；B bother干扰；C ruin毁掉；
D affect影响。

句意：吸烟会影响你的皮肤。

故选D。

（5）A 考查名词辨析。

A cigarette香烟；B beers啤酒；C medicines药；D foods食物。

句意：你可以看到烟里的毒素和化学物质会导致什么结果。

故选A。

（6）C 考查形容词辨析。

A confusing令人疑惑的；B convincing令人信服的；C depressing令人沮丧的；D exciting令人兴奋的。

根据下文“one’s older self”可知，看到
自己老了以后的形象会感到沮丧。

故选C。

（7）D 考查名词辨析。

A opinions观点，看法；B plans计划；C thought思想；D advice建议。

Future You会提供饮食、运动以及其他方面的科学建议。

故选D。

（8）C 考查动词辨析。

A break打断；B damage毁掉；C preserve保护，保存，保持；
D change改变。

通过饮食和运动来保持健康。

故选C。

（9）C 考查形容词辨析。

A possible可能的；B natural自然的；C early早的；D clear清晰的。

根据下文“I want to see some data!”可知，要判断仪器的效果现在还尚早。

故选C。

（10）B 考查形容词辨析。

A deeper更深的；B less更少的；C higher更高的；D stronger更强壮的。

根据下文“Yeah, go ahead Put it on Facebook”可知，男士不像女士那
样关心自己的外貌。

故选B。

（11）D 考查名词辨析。

A son儿子；B father父亲；C daughter女儿；D mom妈妈。

（12）B 考查动词辨析。

A guess猜测；B say说；C doubt怀疑；D wonder想知道。

男
人更有可能会说……。

故选B。

（13）A 考查名词辨析。

A customers顾客；B managers经理；C secretaries秘书；D cleaners清洁工。

根据下文“customers”可知，这里指的是消费者。

故选A。

（14）B 考查形容词辨析。

A cautious谨慎的；B smart聪明的；C careless粗心的；D generous慷慨的。

根据下文“customers would bring down the overall cost of health care”
可知，这样的消费者增长将会使整体的医疗费用降低，由此可推知，消费者是精明的。

故选B。

（15）A 考查动词短语辨析。

A showing up出现；B thought out想出；C sold out卖出；
D dying out灭绝。

在接下来的几周，两款新式的仪器将会出现。

故选A。

（16）B 考查动词辨析。

A know知道；B agree同意；C come来；D listen听。

如果使
用者允许的话，他们的信息将会被匿名保存。

故选B。

（17）A 考查名词辨析。

A habits习惯；B choices选择；C methods方法；D plans计划。

建立一个好坏习惯的数据库。

故选A。

（18）D 考查形容词辨析。

A nice不错的；B cool凉爽的；C strange奇怪的；D bad坏的。

程序是免费的而且反响不错。

故选D。

（19）C 考查动词辨析。

A repair修理；B sell卖；C try尝试；D buy买。

根据排队等候
尝试这套仪器的尝试者说……。

故选C。

（20）B 考查动词辨析。

A drawing绘画；B viewing观察，考虑；C picturing画，想像，描写；D imaging想象。

根据上文“I’m good”以及下文“It’s not going to be a big difference”可推知，Robertson是看过自己未来形象之后说这些话。

故选B。

Jazzy is a lovely pug（哈巴狗）who always seems to be smiling. You can’t help but（1）
______ when you look at Jazzy now, because you would never guess the horrible situation she was rescued from and the（2）______ this little dog had.
Jazzy was taken from her（3）______ owners, who were immediately（4）______ with animal cruelty. Why? Because neighbors had（5）______ seeing little Jazzy moving around her back yard with two broken front legs. Her owners, who were supposed to（6）______ her most, did absolutely nothing about it. They had never sought any kind of（7）______
for poor Jazzy. Nobody knew how it（8）______ and it was believed that she was hit by a car, or that someone had done this to her.
（9）______ Jazzy’s cruel owners didn’t take her to the veterinarian, her condition went from bad to worse. Over time her front right leg（10）______ loosely, and her left leg was permanently bent at a sharp angle. The pain must have been astonishing. She moved around like a baby seal. She needed（11）______.
In a Los Angeles animal shelter, things got even（12）______. The shelter could not provide the costly operations that could be（13）______ to restore Jazzy’s ability to（14）______ and lead a normal life, and it was impossible to find a family who would be able to（15）
______ a dog in this condition. The difficult（16）______ was made to euthanize（使安乐死）sweet Jazzy.
All（17）______ was lost. Then a miracle happened. A volunteer from Dogs Without Borders saw Jazzy. Jazzy was pulled out of the（18）______ and rescuers got busy working on a plan to ensure that Jazzy would get treatment. For months, Dogs Without Borders cared for Jazzy, while（19）______ enough money for her operations. Donations came in. Finally
in December 2013 the money was enough and it was time to get her operations（20）
______! By the spring of 2014, Jazzy had fully recovered.
plain
B.forgive
C.celebrate
ugh
（2）
A.pain
B.shock
C.happiness
D.responsibility
（3）
zy
B.original
C.angry
D.new
（4）
bined
B.charged
pared
D.provided
（5）
A.reported
B.imagined
C.regretted
D.avoided
（6）
A.care for
B.depend on
C.look for
D.talk about
（7）
A.food
B.contact
C.treatment
rmation
（8）
A.fell
B.felt
C.improved
D.happened
（9）
A.If
B.Until
C.Although
D.Since
（10）
A.stepped
B.stood
C.hung
D.waved
（11）
A.instruction
B.encouragement
C.help
D.discipline
（12）
A.harder
B.worse
C.safer
D.clearer
（13）
A.prevented
B.required
C.released
D.checked
（14）
A.breathe
B.bark
C.walk
D.listen
（15）
A.adopt
B.buy
C.watch
D.catch
A.promise
B.decision
C.appointment
D.experiment
（17）
A.hope
B.wealth
C.medicine
D.connection
（18）
A.hospital
B.yard
C.shelter
D.home
（19）
A.borrowing
B.saving
C.earning
D.raising
（20）
A.corrected
B.done
C.fed
D.developed
【答案】
D
A
B
B
A
A
C
D
D
C
C
B
B
C
A
B
A
C
D
B
【考点】
日常生活
动词辨析
动词短语
形容词辨析
记叙文完形
名词辨析
从属连词
【解析】
（1）D 考查动词辨析。

A. complain抱怨；B. forgive原谅；C. celebrate庆祝；D. laugh 笑；句意：当你看他时也会忍不住发笑，根据Jazzy is a lovely pug(哈巴狗) who always seems to be smiling可知D项符合句意。

故选D项。

（2）A 考查名词辨析。

A. pain疼痛；B. shock震惊；C. happiness幸福；D. responsibility责任；句意：因为你不能想象他被营救出来的可怕情况也不能想象他所遭受的痛苦。

根据the horrible situation she was rescued from可知它经历了很大痛楚，故
选A项。

（3）B 考查形容词辨析。

A. lazy懒惰的；B. original最初的；C. angry生气的；D. new
新的；句意：Jazzy被最初的主人带走，他立刻被谴责虐待动物。

故选B项。

（4）B 考查动词辨析。

A. combined结合；B. charged要价，谴责；C. compared比较；D. provided提供；句意：Jazzy被最初的主人带走，他立刻被谴责虐待动物，be charged with 因……受到指控，故选B项。

（5）A 考查动词辨析。

A. reported报道；B. imagined想象；C. regretted后悔；D. avoided避免；句意：因为他的邻居报告看到拖着两条断掉的腿在后院移动。

故选A项。

（6）A 考查短语辨析。

A. care for关心；B. depend on依靠；C. look for寻找；D. talk about谈论；句意：他的主人应该照顾好他，却肯定什么也没有做。

故选A项。

（7）C 考查名词辨析。

A. food食物；B. contact联系；C. treatment治疗；D. information信息；句意：他们没有给予小狗任何的治疗，故选C项。

（8）D 考查动词辨析。

A. fell落下；B. felt感觉；C. improved提高；D. happened发生；句意：没有人知道如何发生的，据说可能是被车撞或有人对他做了什么。

故选D项。

（9）D 考查连词辨析。

A. If如果；B. Until直到；C. Although虽然；D. Since自从，因为；句意：因为他的主人没有带他去看兽医，他的状况越来越糟糕。

两个句子是因果
关系，故选D项。

（10）C 考查动词辨析。

A. stepped迈步；B. stood站；C. hung挂着； D. waved挥手；
句意：他的前腿垮垮地挂在前面，他的左腿弯曲着。

故选C项。

（11）C 考查名词辨析。

A. instruction说明；B.encouragement鼓励；C. help帮忙；D. discipline纪律；句意：他需要帮助。

根据小狗现在的状况可知需要帮助，故选C项。

（12）B 考查形容词辨析。

A. harder更难的；B. worse更糟糕的； C. safer更安全的；D. clearer更清晰的；句意：在洛杉矶的一个动物收容所，事情变得更糟糕。

下文小狗需
要手术也是提示。

故选B项。

（13）B 考查动词辨析。

A. prevented阻止；B. required要求；C. released释放；D. checked检查；句意：收容所不能按照要求提供昂贵的手术来恢复他行走的能力，让它过正常的生活。

be required to do 被要求做某事，故选B项。

（14）C 考查动词辨析。

A. breathe呼吸；B. bark咬；C. walk走；D. listen听；句意：
收容所不能按照要求提供昂贵的手术来恢复他行走的能力，让它过正常的生活，根据
上文提到他到腿，故选C项。

（15）A 考查动词辨析。

A. adopt收养；B. buy买；C. watch看；D. catch抓住；句意：
找到一个收养他的家庭也不太可能。

根据语境他的状况如何不好，所以没有人愿意收养，故选A项。

（16）B 考查名词辨析。

A. promise承诺；B. decision决定；C. appointment约会；D. experiment实验；句意：给他注射安乐死是个很困难的决定。

make a decision做出决定，故选B项。

（17）A 考查名词辨析。

A. hope希望；B. wealth财富；C. medicine药；D. connection
联系；句意：没有希望了。

根据Then a miracle happened奇迹发生了，故选A项。

（18）C 考查名词辨析。

A. hospital医院；B. yard院子；C. shelter收容所；D. home家；句意：Jazzy被带出收容所，营救者忙着制定计划来确保他得到治疗。

根据语境可知志
（19）D 考查动词辨析。

A. borrowing借；B. saving挽救；C. earning挣；D. raising提升，筹集；句意：数月来，这个组织的志愿者一边照顾它，一边为它筹集钱。

根据语境可
知这些志愿者为他筹集钱做手术，故选D项。

（20）B 考查动词辨析。

A. corrected改正；B. done做；C. fed喂；D. developed发展；
句意：最后到了2013年11月，筹集到了足够的钱，是时候给他做手术了，get sth done及do operation为固定用法，故选B项。

三、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中
共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉；
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Have you ever had a headache during a test? Have you ever been too worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so, then you know that stress is.
Not all stress is bad for you. Some kinds of stress can help you get things do better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or when you are being asked to give a speech to your class. Stress sometimes can help push you to make full preparation for a test. However, too much stress can result in anger, depression and other related problems, which we need
to take serious.
There are many things in our life what might cause stress—having too much homework, taking a difficult test, and having economic problems.
It’s impossible to live in a life completely free of stres s, so you should learn to deal with stress. The best way reduce stress is to have a balance life. If you get enough sleep, eat properly, take more exercise and have enough fun time, you’ll probably feel less stressed.
【答案】
Have you ever had a headache during a test? Have you ever been too（改为so）worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so,
then you know that（改为what）stress is.
Not all stress is bad for you. Some kinds of stress can help you get things do（改为done）better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or when you are being（删除being）asked to give a speech to your class.
Stress sometimes can help push you to make full preparation（改为preparations）
for a test. However, too much stress can result in anger,
depression and other related problems, which we need to take serious（改为seriously）.
There are many things in our life what（改为that）might cause stress—
having too much homework, taking a difficult test, and（改为or）
having economic problems.
It’s impossible to live in a life completely free of stress,
so you should learn to deal with stress. The best way∧（添加to）。