CET-4作文应考讲座目标与策略.

SMU外语培训中心写作讲座
CET-4 作文应考讲座：目标与策略
编写：唐伟胜（SMU外语培训中心）
CET-4 写作要求
《大纲》：初步的写和说的能力
30分钟内写一篇不少于120单词的文章，主要考察学生运用英语进行书面表达的能力，对内容有严格要求，由汉语提纲、图表、关键词等形式加以限定。

总体评分制：1）切题与否；2）表达是否清楚；3）语言错误与连贯；4）用词幅度与句式变化
具体标准：
13-15分：切题。

表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。

基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

（几乎全对）10-12分：切题。

表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

（对中有错）
7-9分：基本切题。

有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

（对错相当）
4-6分：基本切题。

表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重的语言错误。

（错中有对）
1-3分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

（几乎全错）
CET-4 写作攻略（1）---写作注意事项
卷面整洁：字迹清楚，少连笔、草书、涂画、标点。

切题：审题（提纲要求，写作内容与要求相关）
语法：尽量正确
表达清楚：句子完整，不求惊人之语，只求句子间逻辑顺序清晰
层次清楚，句子发挥应有作用，共同说明需要说明的道理
合理定位：7-9分只需切题和大致正确；10-12分需要少犯语法错误和一定丰富的句式变化；13-15需要写出英语的感觉
CET-4写作攻略（2）---样文分析
Friendship is more and more important in our daily life as the sun shines the flowers .Once, that we have many friends who can be good listeners when we feel happy, we must enjoy our lives more. On secend thoughts, if we hadn't have friend with other people, we would feel alone and we would become unheathly. However, if that ,someone would consider we as crazy men or something wrong with our heads.
In morden time, there are many factors to keep friends, for example, loyalty, honesty, tolerance, communication. But in my opinion, communication is the most important thing. At first, we make friends by communication. If we didn't know anything about other, we can't make friends with other. Second, anyhow we argue with each other sometimes. To solve this problem, the only thing is communication.
Having friends can take smiling and happy to us. Sharing one happiness can become two. So why not making more and more friends? （147 words）Grade：3
In the morden time, people also need honesty. Honesty, which likes a brige crossing the river contact each bank,show our ture hearts. The existing of honesty , when we interview or communication with other people, can make better pression to each other.
we take part in the WTO, the present of Chia zhu told us the first thing we should do was to become honesty wehn trade with foreigners . Although, some of foreigners are not honesty enough, we should keep honesty without moving.
In my own opinion, because honesty is useful and helpful, so it is needed and can't out of date permanent. (121 Words) Grade：5
Why Colledge Students Take a Part-Time job
More and more students have part-time jobs these years. The Part-time job makes their life become colorful, so the members of taking part-time jobs are becoming larger.
Why college students take a part-time job? The reason are different.
One reason is that some students are poor. They take a part-time job to increase their income which can releive the load of their parents .another is that some students want to experients the life out of school. They feel the life in the college is dull and colorless and they want to change it .They want to be busy in doing everything that makes them looks like success. But the most important reason, I think, is that part-time job can give the chance of taking exercise.
It is significant for college students to take a part-time job. Although, it will waste some of time. It will give them much experience of job, which will make them easy to adapt to the society. (158 words) Grade：8
This is to confirm that a traffic accident took place at about 7:30 a.m. on May 13th at the crossing of Zhongyuan Road and Zhenghua Road. That morning, I left my home, as usual, at 7:15, and went to school on my bike. When I got to the crossing above-mentioned, the traffic light turned yellow. As a result I stopped. All of a sudden, a young man on a bike, rushed forward, wishing to cross the road before the light turned red. Hardly had I said “Take care” inward, I saw that he crashed into a trunk. Bike falls, truck halts, people scr eams, the injured bleeds---what a terrible scene!
To be true, most people feel squeezed by time in the morning, but time should, in no case, be gained at the cost of one’s security of life. The young man, with no doubt, should be accused in this accident, in spite of his physical injury.
Hopefully, everyone as well, should take this accident as a lesson and observe the traffic regulations strictly. (173 words) Grade：12
CET-4 写作攻略（3）---试题类型
议论文
立论型：①健康对人类的幸福必不可少；②如何保持健康；③结论
观点对比型：①有人认为，英语对中国经济发展很重要；②另有人认为，英语对中国经济发展没有意义；
③我的观点
问题解决型：①很多人不注重日常卫生习惯；②不注意卫生习惯的后果；③如何解决这一问题
图表作文
①描写图表内容（现象）；②分析现象的原因；③观点或解决办法
（另一类图表作文要求考生将图表中的信息转化成文字，如给一幅图书馆平面图，要求考生描写。

）
记叙+议论作文
①今年我是怎样度过圣诞节的；②在中国圣诞节似乎非常隆重；③我对圣诞节的看法
书信作文
请研读《大学英语四级写作---实践与提高》（SWAU英语培训中心编写）
CET-4 写作攻略（4）---命题趋势
在很长的一段时间里，大学英语四、六级考试的写作部分都以议论文为主，但这种情况似乎已悄然发生了改变。

分析2002年1月到2004年6月四级考试, 六个作文题目中只有2003年1月的题目是传统的议论文写作，而2002年1月、2003年6月、2003年12月和2004年6月四次考试的作文题都属于应用文体（或是情景作文）的写作。

相比较而言，这种应用文体的写作对考生的要求较之以往更高。

以往的考题主要考查的是考生议论文的写作能力，而这种新的应用文体的写作考查的往往是考生叙述、说明和议论各种写作技能的综合运用，因而越发受到命题者的青睐。

以2003年6月份考题为例。

Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。

见证书须包括以下几点：
1．车祸发生的时间及地点
2．你所见到的车祸情况
3．你对车祸原因的分析
分析该作文题不难看出，本题考查的是考生各种写作技能的综合运用：“车祸发生的时间及地点”考查考生说明文方面的写作知识；“你所见到的车祸情况”要求考生对车祸的情况进行描述，考查考生记叙文方面的写作知识；“你对车祸原因的分析”要求考生分析车祸发生的原因，也即是说理，则是对考生议论文写作技能的考查。

实例分析
要写好这种应用文（或是情景作文），我们不仅要在平时学习各种文体的写作技能，更重要的是要对题目所规定的情景进行分析，弄清题目的要求，然后尽可能地把自己放到该情景中去，从情景中的角度去思考问题，理清思路。

下面我们以2004年6月作文题目为例来分析怎样写这一类的文章。

Part V Writing
Directions: In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
●some welcoming words
●the schedule for the day
● a description of the place the tourists will be visiting
(e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
通过对题目的分析，我们不难看出，题目要求考生以一个导游的身份向一些外国游客介绍一个旅游景点。

同时，题目中要求考生（1）致欢迎词（2）将明日程安排（3）介绍旅游景点。

很明显，该题目要求考生写三个内容，因此，我们不妨按题目要求先把文章分为三段。

但从题目的三个要求来看，考生作为导游，旅行出发之前向游客表示欢迎，并告知他们旅程安排以及即将参观的景点的特别之处以吸引他们。

因此，按常理在介绍完后应该还有结束语，而结束语应该单独成一段。

所以，文章意四段为宜。

上面的审题结束后就可以开始写作了。

但在写作过程中，考生要考虑到，作为导游，致欢迎词不是主要任务，主要的是让游客了解行程并让他们能了解、欣赏该旅游景点的独特魅力。

所以行文的重点应该是文章的第二、三段。

另外，在写作过程中，考生还应牢记，介绍景点使旅客并没有在景点处，所以在行文
过程中不应该出现诸如“look here”、“Please look at this beautiful…”之类的文字。

下面即是基于上面的分析写出的一篇文作文：
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
I feel it a great honor to be your tour guide today. First, on behalf of my company, I warmly welcome all my distinguished guests from Australia to visit Shanghai and the Oriental Pearl TV Tower. (36) Located on the Huangpu River, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower is now the symbol of the city. Built in 1994 and opened to the public in 1995, it is now the highest building in Shanghai and the third highest in Asia. The tower has quite a unique structure and consists of 3 large balls and 5 small ones. Inside the balls, you can have a bird’s-eye view of the city. (70)
Our schedule for the trip to the TV Tower is as follows. You have an hour from 9:30-10:30a.m to learn of the history of Shanghai on the first floor. Then we’ll assemble in the middle of the hall at 10:30 and have another hour to overlook the beautiful city scenery in the middle ball. Finally please do remember to go to the top ball at 11:30 to enjoy your lunch. (70)
Thanks for listening. Have a good time! (7)
CET-4 写作攻略（5）---常见错误
主题句不恰当：
A. (1)We must pay more attention to environmental problems, for example, while the industry develops well, the CO2 content in air raised, the quality of water dropped, those problems will make our future living difficult than before.(2)There are many environmental problems need be solved.(3)Like the wreck of the forest, the wreck of the environment, air pollution, aquatic pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution etc.
B. (1)Yesterday, my friends and me went to Beibei for shopping. (2)Someone had told me there were some thieves on buses. (3)So when we on the bus we noticed everyone who came toward us. (4)But everyone around me seemed so good that I didn’t think anyone of them was a thief. (5)Just then I felt someone was touching my pocket, and when I touched my pocket, I found there was a hand in my pocket.
主题句通常是短句，意义可以扩展！
句子散乱：
A. But in my opinion, Christmas is a leisure day. I hate excitement. It is high time to gather with my relatives and my friend because we are busy in work ordinarilly. So I will treat them with delicious food.
Improved: But in my opinion, Christmas should be a day of leisure. As I hate excitement, I prefer to spend Christmas together with my relatives and friends enjoying delicious food at home.
B. (1)Some people like to have a pet, especially the retired people. (2)After retired people need not worry about the work what they did before. (3)They have a lot of time to spare. (4)They also need not to worry about their children now, because the children have already grown up and have their own life and family. (5) Some of them even live far away from their parents. (6)So more time and less things to worry about may make the retired people feel somewhat lonely. (7)A pet maybe just a good comrade. (8)Feeding and bathing the pets, training and talking with them, taking care of them when they are ill make the retired people feel busy and fulfill. (9)They have no time to taste the loneliness. (10)They not just have a pet as a pet but as a company.
代词随意转换
A.（1）There are some advantages of owning a computer. （2）Firstly, computers provide people with the most convenient form of communication. （3）You can get in touch with your friends by E-mail, OICQ or UC through
computers. （4）Secondly, it is comfortable for us to surf on the internet and know much more about our world. （5）Finally, if a person can use the computer properly, they had already obtained keys to the 21 century.
B. (1)Choosing what kinds of hobbies as one’s hobby is free. (2)But there are lo ts of thing he or she should notice, when he or she chooses his or her hobby. (3)We can benefit from good hobbies and we can be affected by bad hobbies. (4)For example, we can get knowledge from enjoying music. (5)But everyone will be destroyed by drugs.
(6)In a word, we should have a good hobby, therefore, we can benefit from them.
流水句
A. As China entered WTO, the cost of a car is decreasing in these years, many families could buy and use a family car.
B. There are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, we should not read them.
C. Health is the most important factor in our lives, we can lose money and authority, but we can’t lose health.
D. People have different opinions on outer space searching, some people think that it is essential to search outer space, because they think it shows abilities of science and technology of their countries, and it can be used in many fields, such as military, meteorological phenomena, communication, etc. In the most important, they think people can take good advantage of the resources of others stars. Others people’s opinions are opposit e, they feel that outer space searching is illusory, and it is impossible that we can lived in others stars, furthermore, they feel it is worthless to take a large of money and time to search outer space.
连动式
A. But the science and technology also is a two-edge sword, if uses unsuitably will bring the suffering of destruction to people.
B. the sincere relationship between the host and the pet is contemporary people longing for, but can hardly get from the true-life people.
C. Honesty, which likes a brige crossing the river contact each bank, show our ture hearts.
D. They think go traveling can study a lot of knowledge.
E. Others, they often think they way they do something is right and other people do something is wrong.
There be , because黑洞
A. Third, there are many people like to follow another. When someone around them feed pets, they will feed too.
B. They object to changing job frequently. Because frequent job-hopping will result to nothing can done.
C. Some people think one should read selectively. Because some books are beneficial to him and some books are harmful to him.
D. There are some people think one should not hesitate to say no.
E. Just at that moment, there was another car came from another direction.
引入部分过长
A. (1)Choosing what kinds of hobbies as one’s hobby is free. (2)But there are lots of thing he or she should notice, when he or she chooses his or her hobby. (3)We can benefit from good hobbies and we can be affected by bad hobbies. (4)For example, we can get knowledge from enjoying music. (5)But everyone will be destroyed by drugs. (6)In a word, we should have a good hobby, therefore, we can benefit from them.
B. （Importance of Developing Listening Ability)
Nowadays, English has become more and more important. In China alone, there are a great number of students who study English. As we know, there are five basic abilities involved in English learning: listening,
speaking, reading, writing and translating. Listening is always considered to be the most important ability among the five. The reasons are as follows. In the first place…
CF. In English learning, listening is always considered to be the most important ability. In the first place…
句式单调(高分追求者不可不注意！)
1. 数词开头
There are several factors behind this phenomenon, I think.
CF: Several factors, I suppose, contribute to this phenomenon.
2. 介词开头
Different people have different opinions about this problem.
Cf: In discussing this problem, different people have different opinions.
3. 使用状语从句开头
使用as，now that, in spite of, regardless of, although, while等。

Just ten years ago, owning a car was a dream, but now many families have turned this dream into a reality.
Cf: While owning a car was merely a dream just 10 year ago, many families now have turned this dream into a reality.
4. 以it开头
Some people should have such a stupid idea, it is hard to believe.
Cf: It is hard to believe that some people should have such a stupid idea.
Everyone should learn a for eign language after China’s entry into WTO, this appears very important.
Cf: It appears important that everyone should learn a foreign language after China’s entry into WTO.
5. 副词开头
Unfortunately, a number of more serious problems remain to be solved.
To sum up, it is better for one to say no in some particular situations.
Most importantly, there is going to be a massive increase in the number of elderly people.
6.非谓语动词的恰当使用
After we have considered all these things, it is rather rational for us to reach such a conclusion.
Cf.All things considered, it is…
If you decide to completely give up smoking, you should have sufficient determination.
Cf: When making a decision to completely give up smoking, you…
7. 使用从句
8. 使用强调句（it is…that…/倒装）
段落句子不为主题服务
A.（1）21th is computer's century. （2）Computer are coming to our day-life day after day and are a part of our lives. （3）They are close friends of humen and help us do some things which we can't do by ourselves.（4）The progress of computer is very quick. （5）The first computer is appearing in 1946. （6）Johon Mauchly and Preper Eckert are its fathers and named it "ENIAC' (Electronic Numeical Integrator And Calculator). （7）From then on, computer is developing step and step .
B. (1)With the development of economy, nowadays keeping pets is very common in our society.(2)A lot of people like to keep pets.(3)They keep various kinds of animals as pets.(4)In general, most of pets are dogs, cats.
(5)Sometimes, someone keeps dangerous animals as pets, such as snakes, tigers etc.(6)The people who like to keep pets are always women, children and old people.(7)Young men seldom keep pets.
CET-4 写作攻略（22）---作文实例评改
（5分：问题及对策）
In the morden time, people also need honesty. Honesty, which likes a brige crossing the river contact each bank, show our ture hearts. The existing of honesty , when we interview or communication with other people, can make better pression to each other.
The honesty isn't out of date. The old men need, we fashion men need too. There is an example to illustrate: when we take part in the WTO, the present of China zhu told us the first thing we should do was to become honesty when trade with foreigners . Although, some of foreigners are not honesty enough, we should keep honesty without moving.
In my own opinion, because honesty is useful and helpful, so it is needed and can't out of date permanent. (121 Words)
评论：1. 基本切题；2.大多数句子都有错误，且为严重错误。

5分。

此类学生应从句子基本功练习。

考试时，多写简单而正确的句子。

改：In the modern time, people need honesty as before. Honesty is like a bridge crossing the river. It contacts each bank and showing our true hearts. (比较：Like a bridge crossing the river, honesty connects the two banks and shows our true hearts) The existence of honesty , when we deal with other people, can make better impression with each other.
The honesty isn't out of date. The old men need it, and we young men need it too. There is an example to illustrate: when we joined the WTO, Zhu, the president of China told us the first thing we should do was to become honest when trading with foreigners . Although some foreigners are not honest enough, we should keep honesty without hesitation.
In my own opinion, because honesty is useful and helpful, it is needed and will never go out of date.(123 words)
（8分：提高与升华）
1.越来越多的大学生打工；
2. 大学生打工的原因；
3. 大学生打工的意义
More and more students have part-time jobs these years. The Part-time job makes their life become colorful, so the members of taking part-time jobs are becoming larger.
Why college students take a part-time job? The reason are different.
One reason is that some students are poor. They take a part-time job to increase their income which can releive the load of their parents. Another is that some students want to experients the life out of school. They feel the life in the college is dull and colorless and they want to change it .They want to be busy in doing everything that makes them looks like success. But the most important reason, I think, is that part-time job can give the chance of taking exercise.
It is significant for college students to take a part-time job. Although, it will waste some of time. It will give them much experience of job, which will make them easy to adapt to the society. (158 words)
评论：1）切题；2）很多句子正确，但有很多错误；3）句式缺少变化，显得呆板。

8分
改：
More and more students have part-time jobs these years. The Part-time job makes their life colorful, so the
number of students taking part-time jobs is becoming larger.
The reasons vary why college students take part-time jobs. One reason is that some students are poor.They take a part-time job to increase their income which can relieve their parents of the financial load. Another reason is that some students want to experience the life out of campus. Finding life in the college is dull and colorless, they want to have something more exciting . To be busy with something gives them a sense of success. Most important of all, I think, is that part-time job can give the students a chance to practice what they learn in classroom.
It is meaningful for college students to take a part-time job, although it might waste some of their time. With the experience the have obtained through a part-time job, college students will find themselves more adaptable to the outside society. (166 words)
CET-4 写作攻略（26）---范文赏析
1.竞争给人类社会带来的好处
2.举例说明竞争的好处
3.作为一个学生，我如何加入到竞争中来
Competition makes people original and creative. It is very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would take any responsibility, just like the three monks, who live together but have no drinking water to live on.
Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything. For example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion. The same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them. It must raise its efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race.
Being a student, I must compete with other students in studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can make contribution to our country when I enter the society after graduation. (155 words)。