高中英语 Period 4、5 language points导学案 新人教版必修5

Period 4、5 language points
【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织2分钟）
1、通过自主学习，识记并掌握基础案中涉及的重点短语和重点词的用法。

（重点）
2、通过翻译法，观察思考，分析、归纳和总结升华案中重点词的用法和句子结构，掌握它们在句子中的运用。

（难点）
3、通过语言点夯实训练，巩固本导学案中涉及的语言知识。

【使用说明】
1、课前阅读两篇阅读文章，自主学习完成基础案。

2、用双色笔圈点重难点。

3、建议二课时。

升华案1和巩固案1在第一课时中完成，升华案2和巩固案2在第二课时中
完成。

Step 1 重点短语再现 1.____ particular 尤其；特别→be particular ____ 挑剔 2. ____ theory 理论上；从理论上来说→____ practice 实际上;
3. ____ average 平均→____ average 高于/低于平均水平 →average ____算出……的平均数
4. ____...for granted 以为……理所当然 →take_____ for granted that...以为……理所当然
5.have an effect ____对……有影响→____ and effect 因果
→come ____ /take effect 生效→____...into effect 实施计划
6.take notice ____注意到→____ to one’s notice 引起某人的注意
→____ sb.’s notice 没有被某人注意到
7.in response ____作为……的回应→____ a response to 对……做出反应
→a ____ of responsibility 责任感
8.take ____站好位置以备, 占据(用)……→take ____ 欺骗→take ____ 拿走
→take ____ (飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣物) → take ____ 呈现→take ____ 接管
9. ____..condition 处于……状况→____ condition that 条件是……→on____ condition 决不可能
10.week ____,week ____一周又一周；接连几个星期→day ____ day 日复一日
11. be related ____与……有关
12. apply ____申请
13. suffer ____
Keys:
1. in, about, particular
2.in, in, makes
3. on, above/below,out
4. take, it
5. on, cause, into, put/bring
6. of, come, escape
7. to, make, sense
8. up, in, away, off, on, over 9. in, on, no 10. in, out, by 11. to
Step 2 重点词与词组学习
1. suffer vt. 意为“受到，遭受，蒙受”。

后常接pain, defeat, loss, poverty, hunger 等词作宾语。

vi. 表示受某种疾病的折磨时,常用suffer from,不能用于被动语态。

翻译：
1) Ms King’s legs were badly hurt and she suffered great pain.
__________________________________________________________.
2) The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger.
___________________________________________________________
3 ) He was suffering from the loss of the memories.
Keys: 1) 金女士的双腿受了重伤，她遭受了很大的伤痛。

2) 农民要负担重税，还要忍饥挨饿。

3) 他在遭受失去记忆的痛苦。

2. take sth. / sb. for granted 以为……理所当然（因而不对其特别关注或感谢）
翻译：
1) Her husband was always there and she just took him for granted.
2) Maybe we just take everything for granted.
____________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) 她丈夫随时都在她身边，她只是认为理应如此。

2) 也许我们太想当然了。

take it for granted＋that clause想当然，it为形式主语，that clause为
真正主语。

1) He always takes it for granted that his parents can buy him whatever
he likes.
____________________________________________________________
2) Don’t take it for granted that your parents should support you all
your life.
___________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) 他总是认为父母给他买他喜欢的任何东西是理所当然的。

2) 别以为你父母养你一辈子是天经地义的事情。

3. have (an) effect on 对……产生影响，有效果
effect前面可以用形容词good, bad, terrible, little, great, profound, disastrous 等来
修饰。

翻译：
1）What parents say and do has a certain effect on their children.
____________________________________________
2）Punishment had very little effect on them.
Keys: 1) 父母的言行对孩子有着一定的影响。

2) 惩罚对他们没有什么效果。

4. be related to/with和……有关
翻译：
1)His illness is related to his heavy smoking.
____________________________________________
2)Light industry is closely related to agriculture.
___________________________________________________
keys: 1) 他的病和他抽烟过多有关。

2) 轻工业和农业有着极其密切的关系。

翻译：1) His illness is related to his heavy smoking.
_______________________________________________
2) Light industry is closely related to agriculture.
_______________________________________________________
Keys: 1) 他的病和他抽烟过多有关。

2) 轻工业和农业有着极其密切的关系。

5. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.当他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的货车要驶过一个拐弯处的时候，他连人带车摔到了300多米深的山崖下。

when在本句中为并列连词，意为“就在那时”时，相当于and at that time。

when用作“就在那时”时，常用于下列句型中：
1)Sb.was doing sth.when...某人正在做某事，就在那时……
2)Sb.was about to do sth.when...
＝Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when...某人正要做某事，就在那时……
3)Sb.had (just) done sth.when...某人刚做完某事，就在那时……
翻译：
1)He was doing his homework when the lights went out.
________________________________________________________
2) She was about to raise her hand when class was over.
___________________________________________________
3)He had just sent an email to his friend on the Internet when his computer
broke down.
_________________________________________________________________ ____
Keys:
1) 他正在写作业，就在那时灯灭了。

2) 他刚给他朋友发了封电子邮件，就在那时电脑出故障了。

3) 她正要举手，就在那时下课了。

Step 1重点词的归纳及运用
1. This person has offered to do a job —and may not be paid for doing it. 这个人已主动做一份工作，——有可能不给报酬。

offer v ．(主动)提出(愿意做某事)，提议，给予，提供；n.出价，建议
★完成句子
1) The teacher _______________________ as a present for her wedding.
这位老师给他的女儿一台电脑当作结婚礼物。

2) He ________________________ my maths.他主动帮我学数学。

3) We_______________________________________.这所房子我们向他索价35
000英镑。

4) He____________________________________.他向马丽出价4 000英镑买这
辆汽车。

Keys: 1) offered a computer to his daughter/offered his daughter a compter
2) offered to help me with
3) offered him the house for ￡35,000
4) offered Mary ￡4,000 for the car
★ 归纳总结：
Keys:
2. Now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs. 想出更多的问题问一下申请工作的人。

apply v ．应用；运用；申请；请求
★完成句子
1) She ____________________as an English teacher.她应聘英语教师的工作。

2) We had to ____________________________ financial help.
我们只好向政府申请财务援助。

3)I would like to ___________________ an assistant in your company.
我想申请成为你们公司的助理。

4) The rules of safe driving__________________ . 安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人。

5) We should _____________________________ agricultural production.
我们应该把这项新技术应用到农业生产中去。

6) You will only pass your exams if you really____________________________.
你只有真正专心致志，考试才能及格。

Keys: 1) applied for a job 2) apply to the government for
3) apply to become 4) apply to everyone
5) apply the new technology to 6) apply yourself to your study
★归纳总结：
Keys:
3. ...,Timoteo took his place on the bend and directs the traffic.
在路的拐弯处铁穆特欧站好自己的位置，开始指挥来往的车辆。

take up
★词义猜测
1) The moment he received the letter, he took up his pen to write back.
2) In his free time, he always takes up photography.
3) Writing the book took up most of my spare time.
4) I’m going to take this matter up with my lawyer.
5) Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing? Keys: 1) 拿起 2) 开始，从事 3)占去（时间或空间）4) 着手处理 5) 接受
Step 1 重点词的归纳及运用 4. But there will also be arise in the demand for health care professionals. 但是对健康护理专业的需求也会有不断的上升。

demand vt.（某事务）需要；要求，请求; n.要求，请求；需要 ★完成句子 1) The kind of work____________________________.这种工作需要精力和耐心。

2) He stopped the man and ___________________ where he came from.
他挡住那个人，查问他的来处。

3) They _____________________ there with them. 他们要求我和他们一起去那儿。

4) All the settlers nearby demanded that the nightclub _______________________as soon as possible.附近所有居民都要求那家夜总
会尽早搬走。

5) The manager promised that they will try_________________________________.经理许诺他们会尽力满足客户的需求。

6) Medical workers are ____________________________in that area.
那个地方非常需要医疗工作者。

Keys: 1) demands energy and patience 2) demanded to know 3) demanded of me to go
4) (should) be moved away 5) to meet their customers ’ damands 6) in great demand
★ 归纳总结：
Keys:
5. requirev.需要；要求；命令；坚持(多用被动)
★完成句子
1) What do you ____________ me? 你对我有何要求？
2) The teacher _______________________ pay attention to their handwriting.
这位老师要求自己的学生要注意书写。

3) The teacher required that all the students ______________________ before 5 pm.
老师要求全体同学于下午5点前上交作业。

4) You _______________________ present at the meeting. 你被要求出席这次会议。

5) My mobile phone ____________________ at once.我的手机需要马上修一下。

Keys: 1) require of 2) requires his students to 3) (should) hand in their homework
4) are required to be 5) requires/needs/wants mending
★归纳总结：
Keys:
Step 2 句子结构的分析及运用
1. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand. 每天早上，他手里拿着一个巨大的圆形木板爬上拐弯处指挥交通。

★句式分析
本句中的“with a large circular board in his hand”是_________结构, 其结构为“with+ ____+ _____”。

在句中充当______语，表_______。

★观察思考，写出其结构及在句中的充当的成分
1) with +_____ 语 + _____ 词作_______
He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考题) (作______语)
2) with +_____ 语 + _____ 词作_______
With the meal over ， we all went home.（作_______ 状语）
3) with +_____ 语 + _____ 词作_______
The teacher came in, with the test papers under his arm. (作______语)
4) with +_____ 语 + _____ 词作_______
With nothing left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat. (作______语)
5) with +_____ 语 + _____ 词作_______
From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. (作______语)
6）with +_____ 语 + _____ 词作_______ (作______语)
With so many things to do, I will have another tiring day. (作______语)
He could finish it with me to help him.（作______状语）
Key: 1) with + 宾语+形容词作宾补，作伴随状语 2）with+宾语+副词作宾补，作时间状语3）with+宾语+介词短语作宾补，作行为方式或伴随状语4）with+宾语+过去分词作宾补，作原因状语5）with+宾语+现在分词作宾补，作定语6）with+宾语+不定式作宾补，
作原因状语，作条件状语
★归纳总结
在“with 的复合结构”中，其_____语一般由_____词充当(有时也可由_____词充当)；而____________语则是根据具体的需要由______词，_______词、_________语，_________语(包括________词和_______词)及________语充当。

在句子中with 结构多数充当______语，表示_________，________、______、______或_____。

with 结构在句中也可以作______语。

Keys: 宾，名，代；宾语补足，形容，副，介词短，分词短（现在分，过去分），不定式短。

状，行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。

定。

10.Life is hard at high altitude, and the mountains make communications difficult. 在海拔较高的地区生活是很艰难的，山脉使得 交流也很困难。

★句式分析
句中的make communications difficult 是“make+_____语+______”的复合结构。

Keys: 宾，宾语补足语
★归纳总结
在“make+______语+________语”的复合结构中，_______语可以用词、_____词、______（省略符号_____）、_______词等充当。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只学习不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。

The news made John sad.这消息使约翰难过。

The bad weather made us stay at home all day.糟糕的天气使得我们一整天呆在家里。

I ’m afraid I can ’t make myself understood. 恐怕别人听不懂我的话。

Keys: 宾，宾语补足语, 宾语补足语, 名, 形容, 不定式(to), 过去分
A 级
1. (2009·浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they______very easily to new environments.
A ．adapt
B ．appeal
C ．attach
D ．apply
解析：句意为：作为孩子的好处是他们很容易适应新环境。

adapt to 为固定短语，意为“适应”。

答案： A
2. Does the work _________ any effect ________ your family life?
A. make; on
B. have; on
C. make; in
D. have; in 3. Your suggestion sounds fine ,but would it work ?
A.in practice;in theory
B.in theory;in practice
C.in advance;in theory
D. in general;in practice
解析:in theory 理论上；in practice 实践中;in advance 提前；in general
大体上。

根据句意知 B项正确。

4. _______,there are 2,000 customers to the supermarket every day.
A.On average
B.At average
C.For average
D.To average
解析：A on average平均。

句意为：平均每天有 2 000名顾客光顾这家超市
5. When getting around in a new city alone, you should take particular ________of the road signs so as not to get lost.
A．pride B．care C．notice D．charge
解析: C take notice of留意，注意。

6. That large bed will _________ much room.
A.take in
B.take up
C.take over
D.take away
解析：此处用take up 表示“占据 (地方)”的意思。

句子的意思的是:那张大床将占很大的空间。

答案：B
7. Keep your car in good _________ or it will not drive long.
A.position
B.condition
C.situation
D.instruction
解析：句意:你应该好好保养你的车，否则的话，它不会耐用的。

答案：B
8. The police thought he was_______ the murder case in the shop.
A. connected to
B. related to
C. joined in
D. linked and
B级
1. It began to rain, so I_______her my umbrella, but to my surprise, she refused to take it.
A.supplied
B.provided
C.offered
D.afforded
解析: (1)offer提供，侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。

多用于：offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb.。

(2)provide供应，供给，表示事先准备好必需品来“供应”。

一般用于：provide sth. for sb.与provide sb. with sth.。

(3)supply补给，供给，提供，只用于具体事物，侧重补充不足的人员或物品，有时可以与provide互换。

经常用于：supply sth. to sb.或supply sb. with
sth.。

根据句中的...but to my surprise, she refused to take it可以推知是“主动提供”，即C项正确。

2. Don’t take______ for granted ______ everyone should adore you.
A. that; what
B. that; which
C. it; what
D. it ;that
解析：D 本题考查固定短语take it for granted that...，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。

答案：C
3. She loves the song , because her mother was once the singer of it.
A. in practice
B. in theory
C. in particular
D. in reality
答案：C
C 级
1. (2006福建高考)The workers will go on strike if the demands they________put forward are turned down.
A ．could
B ．would
C ．/
D ．had
解析： the demands 后接定语从句，从句中的谓语是put forward ，表示他们提出的要求，所以在put forward 前不再用情态动词。

答案： C
2. It is in the regulations that you other people the password of your e-mail account.
A.required;not tell
B.hoped;not tell
C.required;not to tell
D.hoped;not to tell
解析 A 句意为：规则中要求你不能把电子邮箱的密码告诉别人。

require 后接从句时，从句中用should 加动词原形的虚拟语气， should 可以省略。

3. (2006辽宁高考)He was about halfway through his meal________a familiar voice came to his ears.
A ．why
B ．where
C ．when
D ．while
解析：句意为：他饭刚吃到一半，这时一个熟悉的声音传到他的耳朵里。

when 在句中用做并列连词，意为at that time ，引导并列句常见句式：be about to do sth.when.../be on the point of doing sth.when...刚要……这时突然……；be doing sth.when...正在……这时突然……。

答案： C
4. My brother is used to doing his homework_______ .
A.as the radio on
B.with the radio on
C.with on the radio
D.because the radio on
解析: B “with the radio on”是with 的复合结构，作伴随状语
5. I had to stay at home with so much homework _______.
A.to be done
B. to have done
C. to do
D. done
解析C “with so much homework to do”是with 的复合结构，其中的宾语补足语用不定式，表示动作尚未发生 6.We have seen that method some other conditions and it does work.
A.applied to
B.applying for
C.applies to
D.apply for
解析:A applied to 作后置定语，相当于从句which is applied to some other conditions ；
apply sth.to sth.把……用于…… 7.The opposition have demanded that all the facts public.
A.make
B.are made
C.be made
D.should make
解析C demand 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。

8. Much notice has been ______ the problems with the home-staying children in China.
A. paid to
B. kept on
C. taken of
D. made up
【解析】选C 。

句意：中国留守儿童问题已受到很大关注。

短语take notice of
意为：注
意到。

课堂小结：（2分钟）
1. 是否掌握本节课目标上的单词、短语和句型？
2. 存在的问题？
3. 本节课的收获。