配套K12高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions达标巩固练含解析新人

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
李仕才
***阅读理解。

Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday.
The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers.
The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China.
Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes—with boys likelier to be victims than girls—and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents.
Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned.
Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week.
The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme compet itiveness in China’s education system, from the onset of primary school.
“The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say.
“Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on childre n in schools should be introduced urgently. ”
The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA).
The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, whil e the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province.
The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure.
One factor is the country’s dr amatic rise in prosperity, which has created “previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school.
Other reasons are China’s one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline.
“The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says.
Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from Scandinavia.
A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week.
【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。

文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中, 所承受的精神上和身体上的压力, 以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。

1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health?
A. Competitiveness in education system.
B. Classroom stress and parental pressure.
C. Physical punishment from their parents.
D. Endless homework from school teachers.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ”可知B正确。

2. The underlined part “cope with” in P ara. 5 most probably means ________.
A. to fit in
B. to adapt to
C. to deal with
D. to get along with
【解析】选C。

词义猜测题。

根据文章中的“Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多数孩子抱怨他们挣扎着处理作业。

猜测cope with意为: 处理。

3. What can we infer from the passage?
A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon.
B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools.
C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren.
D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. 【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据文章的第四段和第六段中的“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. ”可知D正确。

4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Children in China sickened by school pressure.
B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children.
C. The investigation, led by University College London.
D. Extreme competitiveness in China’s education system.
【解析】选A。

主旨大意题。

文章通篇谈论的是: 中国的孩子们在精神上和身体上承受很多压力之后, 出现的多种病态的表现。

所以A正确。

***语法填空。

They survive in some of the coldest environments in the world—but even penguins appreciate a warm woolly jumper (套头毛衣) once in a while.
The mini knitted garments have helped save hundreds of flightless birds caught __1__oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing __2__(poison) pollution.
Knits for Nature, a program run by the Penguin Foundation, __3__ conserves the little penguin population of Phillip Island, 140 km southeast of Melbourne,
__4__(create) up to 300 different designs over the years—and it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “There's a lot of __5__ (hide) creativity out there，” said Lyn Blom, of Phillip Island Nature Park.
“People love to know that they'r e helping the penguins __6__ they're so cute
and small and they waddle up the beach and they're so strong. But they need to be, for they live in __7__pretty tough sort of environment.”
A thumbnail－sized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the __8__ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (33 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg). The oil separates and mats their feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.
Ms Blom estimates __9__she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including __10__in the colours of every Australian football team in the country.
1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________ 6.________7.________
8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

Ms Blom编织的迷你毛衣成功拯救了数百只企鹅，能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素，甚至误食有毒的污染物。

1．in 考查介词。

这里是“be caught in”的固定搭配，意思为“被困于……中”。

文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰flightless birds。

2．poisonous 考查词性转换。

poisonous作为形容词修饰其后面的名词。

3．which 考查定语从句的引导词。

空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the Penguin Foundation，并在从句中作主语，故用which。

4．has created 考查动词的时态。

根据时间状语“over the years”可知这里用现在完成时，句子的主语是一个名为Knits for Nature的项目，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

5．hidden 考查非谓语动词。

creativity是名词，其前要用形容词修饰，动词hide与creativity之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。

此处为过去分词转化而来的形容词作定语。

6．because 考查连词。

“they're so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and they're so strong”是“People love to know that they're helping the penguins”的原因，故用because引导原因状语从句。

7．a 考查冠词。

此处表示泛指，且pretty的读音是以辅音音素开头的，故用a。

a pretty tough sort of environment表示的是“一种相当恶劣的环境”。

8．smallest 考查形容词的最高级。

根据上下文语境和空前的the可知这里应该用最高级。

9．that 考查宾语从句的连接词。

分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句作estimates 的宾语，宾语从句中句意和成分完整，故用that。

10．those 考查代词。

those指代前面所说的penguin jumpers。

***完形填空。

Something quite tragic(悲剧的)happened in our home.It had a __1__ effect on our lives.It __2__ the way we relax and even where we sit.There was no fire or flood...we __3__ our Wi­Fi se rvice，for over a week.
I was raised in the pre­Wi­Fi era，so I was relatively __4__ to the situation.My children，__5__，did not have this training.When given the news that there was no Wi­Fi in the house，their first __6__ was：“But，what will we do？”Fortunatel y，the TV still worked，although the children were __7__ to find that it had only 70＋ channels.
For the children，a(n) __8__ challenge was homework，most of which is now given online.The lack of broadband seemed to provide a new __9__ of “the dog ate my homewo rk”excuse.My daughter __10__ that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily __11__ due to a leak，but she thought that our lack of Wi­Fi was
__12__.“Because you can go to the shop and buy water，right？”
My husband and I need the Internet to __13__ us to work at home.Luckily，I've found out that these days you can go to the shop to __14__ Wi­Fi.Although expensive，it allows you to set up your own Wi­Fi network __15__.Buying 1 GB of data makes you view your broadband differently.I don't want to __16__ it like leaving a tap running.We log on to the Wi­Fi network and do what we have to do as __17__ as possible and log off.
The changes that __18__ has created in our daily life have occurred without us really __19__.The __20__ part of our time without Wi­Fi was seeing the children make forts(堡垒)out of the sofa cushions，which they haven't done in years.
1．A.possible B．modest
C．positive D．huge
2．A.explored B．challenged
C．improved D．guaranteed
3．A.received B．booked
C．lost D．bought
4．A.addicted B．accustomed
C．admitted D．attached
5．A.however B．therefore
C．otherwise D．besides
6．A.impression B．inspiration
C．response D．request
7．A.excited B．grateful
C．embarrassed D．desperate
8．A.avoidable B．major
C．enjoyable D．simple
9．A.version B．translation
C．dimension D．collection
10．A.repeated B．promised
C．observed D．ignored
11．A.fixed up B．cut off
C．used up D．laid in
12．A.worse B．better
C．clearer D．more
13．A.force B．encourage
C．remind D．enable
14．A.look into B．search for
C．purchase D．borrow
15．A.easily B．securely
C．firmly D．constantly
16．A.share B．analyze
C．store D．waste
17．A.steadily B．quickly
C．properly D．smoothly
18．A.technology B．information
C．knowledge D．intelligence
19．A.reflecting B．hearing
C．appreciating D．noticing
20．A.rigid B．tough
C．bright D．necessary
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了Wi­Fi对“我”家生活的影响。

【核心词汇】have an effect on对……有影响temporarily adv.暂时地log on 登录occur v．发生
1．D 根据上下文可知，家里没有Wi­Fi对我们生活的影响是巨大的(huge)。

possible“可能的”；modest“谦虚的”；positive“积极的”。

2．B 根据前一句“It had a __1__ effect on our lives”和下文的“But，what will we do”可知，平时家里离不开Wi­Fi，现在没有了，当然对我们平时的生活方式产生挑战。

explore“探索”；improve“提升”；guarantee“保证”。

3．C 根据下文的“When given the news that there was no Wi­Fi in the house”可知，我们家里失去(lost) Wi­Fi一个多星期；receive“收到”；book“订购”；buy“购买”。

4．B 根据第二段第一句“I was raised in the pre­Wi­Fi era”可知，“我”是在没有Wi­Fi的时代长大的，因此对于没有了Wi­Fi也是比较习惯的(accustomed)，be accustomed to表示“习惯于”。

5．A 根据上下文可推知，“我”习惯无Wi­Fi的生活，但是孩子们不习惯。

上下文是转折关系，因此选however。

6．C 根据空后的“But, what will we do”可知空处指的是他们的第一反应(response)。

7．D 根据上下文可知，没有Wi­Fi只有电视，且电视频道只有70多个，孩子们很绝望。

excited“兴奋的”；grateful“感激的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；desperate“绝望的”。

8．B 根据本句的定语从句“most of which is now given online”可知，家庭作业应是孩子们的主要(major)挑战。

avoidable“可避免的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；simple“简单的”。

9．A 空后的“the dog ate my homework”表示“狗吃了我的作业”，此处表示没有网络是这种借口的一个新提法，故选A。

10．C 根据空后的宾语从句“that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily__11__ due to a leak”可知，这些内容应该是女儿讲出来(observed)的。

repeat“重复”；promise“承诺”；ignore“忽略”；observe“观察，说，评论”。

11．B 根据该空后的“due to a leak”可推知，水管漏水了，供水会被暂时中断(cut off)。

12．A 根据上下文可知，女儿认为我们没有Wi­Fi更糟糕(worse)。

13．D 根据上下文可知，为了能够在家工作，丈夫和“我”需要互联网。

enable sb.to do sth.表示“使某人能做某事”。

14．C 根据下文的“Although expensive”可知，“我”去商店买(purchase)Wi­Fi。

look into“调查”；search for“寻找”；borrow“借”。

15．A 根据语境可知，买了Wi­Fi，“我”建立自己的网络就容易了。

16．D 根据本句中的“like leaving a tap running(像让水管的水不停地流着一样)”可知，我们知道让水管的水不停地流着意味着“浪费”，故选D。

17．B 根据上下文可知，当“我”上网做事时，“我”是尽快地做，as quickly as possible表示“尽快地”。

18．A 根据语境可知，技术已经引起了我们日常生活的改变，这些改变在我们没有注意(noticing)的情况下发生了。

19．D 参见上题解析。

reflect“反思”；hear“听到”；appreciate“欣赏”。

20．C 根据该空后的“without Wi­Fi was seeing the children make forts(堡垒)out of the sofa cushions，which they haven't done in years”可知，没有了Wi­Fi，孩子们可以在一起玩，这是愉快的(bright)事情。

***短文改错。

School English Drama Club was selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in May 20th, 2018.
Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your attentions.
答案：
School English Drama Club was
①is
selecting actors and actresses for the drama The
Million Pound Bank Note. It is ∧
②a famous short story writing
③written
by the American author
Mark Twain. The selection, that
④which
is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in
⑤on
May 20th, 2018.
Any student at our school who meets with
＼ with
＼
⑥
the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested
⑦interesting
performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important
⑧importantly
， he or she should have read the short story and
is
familiar with the whole story.
⑨be
.
Thank you for your attentions
⑩attention
难项分析：
第三处：writing→written'考查非谓语动词。

write与story之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处需用过去分词作后置定语，表示“由Mark Twain所著/所写”。

第四处：that→which'考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。

分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The selection。

注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

第九处：is→be'考查情态动词的用法。

and连接的两个并列成分均位于情态动词should 后，需用动词原形，故此处改为be。

***。