演漏市慢寨学校高考英语 纠错笔记系列 专题 阅读理解(含解析)

漫滴州演漏市慢寨学校专题11 阅读理解
易错点1 只见树木不见森林，误把细节当主题
（2018·新课标III卷）Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go —to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city.
B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness.
D. Tourism in Dawson.
【错因分析】一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

通读全文可知，文章主要围绕Dawson的发展展开，Dawson反复出现，再根据每一段的段首
句可以总结出，文章第一段通过城市发展的原因引出Dawson，第二段介绍Dawson发展的原
因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，从而总结出文章的主旨大意。

【参考答案】 A
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And
while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
【答案】A
易错点2 主观臆断，忽视逻辑
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, ＂The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.＂
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the ＂real＂ and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what they are.
B. To introduce BookCrossing.
C. To stress the importance of reading.
【错因分析】考生容易做错的原因是忽视本题上下文的逻辑关系和所涉及的相关信息，单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能全面总结。

【参考答案】B
回归原文，重视逻辑
考生做阅读理解题的唯一依据就是文章，所有的判断都应围绕文章进行。

每篇文章都是完整的语篇，上下文之间的逻辑关系非常紧密。

在做此类题时，考生需要通过上下文之间的逻辑关系揣测作者所要表达的真
正意图。

（2018·浙江）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible —and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。

在他200年诞辰之际，让我们永远记住这位对文学艺术做出重大贡献的小说家。

【答案】D
易错点3 信息错位，忽视题干
Carri Kessler and her husband Will named their daughter Ottilie after a friend from the U.K., who helped them a lot. However, right after their baby girl was born, the couple noticed a big problem. "No one could remember her name and no one could pronounce it. We’re going to keep having to introduce her!" Kessler told .
The situation then grew worse as Kessler’s grandmother admitted to sticking Post-it notes around the house to help remind her of Ottilie’s name which can be pronounced either Ott-ill-ee or Oh-teel-ya. Three months after Ottilie was born, the Kesslers decided to legally change their daughter’s name. The couple came up with two possible nam es. They then settled on Margot after talking to a name expert.
The Kesslers’ situation is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience the same as the Kesslers. According to BabyCenter Canada, 11% of its users wish they could change their ch ild’s name due to being overpopular, mispronounced or simply unfitting. Parents care a lot more and think a lot more about names now than their parents.
To deal with this, a number of name experts now offer services to help parents choose the
right name. C ouples have also sought help from the Internet to choose their baby’s name. However, parents can change their child’s name in the event that they regret their choice. In Canada, the rules vary in each province. For instance, in Ontario, the child must have lived in the province for the past 12 months, or since birth if under the age of one. Each of the child’s legal guardians (监护人) must also give permission.
3．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A. The Kesslers’ experience is no exception.
B. Unfitness is the main reason for changing the name.
C.11% of Canadians are unsatisfied with their baby’s name.
D. Parents always pay more attention to children’s name.
【错因分析】根据第三段中的"due to being overpopular, mispronounced or simply unfitting"可知,家长想给孩子改名字的原因有名字太普通、发错音或者只是不适合,但文中并没有说不适合是
改名字的最主要原因,故可排除B项。

根据第三段中的"According to BabyCenter Canada, 11%
of its users wish they could change their child’s name"可知,11%的BabyCenter Canada
的用户想要给他们的孩子改名字,由此得不出11%的加拿大人都对他们孩子的名字不满意这一
结论,故可排除C项。

根据第三段中的"Parents care a lot more...than their parents"
可知,现在的父母对他们孩子的名字的关注度要比他们自己的父母对自己的名字关注度高,但
这并不等于说父母一直都很关注孩子的名字,故可排除D项。

【参考答案】 D
审清题干，锁定范围
(2017·全国新课标II)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want
me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core （核心）of our relationship off the screen. We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance a nd the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hosp ital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it.
B. The studio powers didn’t lik e his agent.
C. He wasn’t famous enough.
D. The director recommended someone else.
【答案】C
易错点4 断章取义，忽视语篇
You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising＂changemakers＂ seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as ＂________＂．A．changing B．forgiving
C．cautious D．positive
【错因分析】文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的机构Ashoka，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为changemaker。

如果考生不通篇理解，只注意到文章的某些细节内容，可能误选A或C。

【试题解析】文章对Ashoka's programme—changemakers自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者对此是持积极态度的。

故选D。

【参考答案】 D
重视语境，挖掘信息
近几年的高考阅读理解题中出现了不少夹叙夹议类文章，或者是先叙述后议论、或者在叙述中夹有议论，无论是哪种类型的文章，作者都不直接表明自己的观点或态度，而是将自己的情感贯穿于文章之中。

考生
在做题过程中，要从语篇的角度推断作者的情感。

遇到猜测词义或句意类试题，考生要依据上下文进行综
合推断，不宜只根据某一处细节或某个句子下结论。

Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult
responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on ＂ new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desir e for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the
necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A. Sympathetic
B. Disapproving
C. Supportive
D. Neutral
【答案】A
高考阅读理解试题解题误区
第一大误区，阅读文章时逐字逐句，力争读懂每一句话。

很多同学都觉得阅读理解时间不够，往往是采用的这种阅读方法。

在高考或者我们平时高考模拟考试中，英语阅读一共应分配的时间是35分钟。

平均每篇文章7分钟，那么这每篇文章的7分钟又应该大致如何分配呢？我问过一些中学生同学，不少同学都认为文章读5分钟，题做两分钟。

他们的理由很简单，读完这样一篇高考文章，没个5分钟不太可能。

那么我可以肯定的说，花5分钟读文章的同学2分钟绝对做不完题。

于是在考试中这些同学只得采取牺牲写作文的时间这样一种拆东墙补西墙的方法以求在阅读上多拿分。

这样的做法往往收效甚微，感觉时间不够的同学很多时候是因为采取了错误的阅读方法，这样的话即使补进去10来分钟时间，其实也不见得能多拿几分。

一场考试下来，同学发现英语阅读错了很多，开始反思的时候，会这样想，我是阅读速度太慢，文章没有读懂，我应该继续努力提高我的英文水平，争取下次考试能把文展轻松读懂。

这样一个努力方向是不现实的，就高考文章而言，要在7分钟内把文章读的清楚明白，还要把题作对，基本是一个不可能任务。

而且出题人也根本没指望一个中学生能把高考阅读文章读的通通透透。

高考阅读主要考查的是同学们两方面的能力，一个是把握文章主旨大意，另一方面是把握文章的某些细节。

考纲中说阅读理解测试学生好几方面的能力，其实都可以归到这两类里，它不过写到更具体一些而已，比如＂根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申＂，这些推理引申不是没有根据的，其根据也只能根据两点，要么文章主旨，要么文章某个细节。

因此根据高考阅读考查的特点，我们在读文章时不是应该每个细节都不放过的去读，而是应该读文章的结构，读出结构，主旨题就能解决，而其他细节题再回文章定位做出。

平时我们在复习的过程中就要注意了，我们读文章时要读文章的结构，不要在细节上做过多的纠缠。

高考文章中的说明文占的比重较大，难度也大，而偏偏是这类文章结构鲜明，同学们应该注意把握。

我们把阅读的重点转移到文章结构之后，建立起正确的时间分配方法就不是难事了，那就是读文章3 分钟，做题4分钟。

其实你熟悉了把握结构这种读文章的方式之后，3分钟足够你把握文章的大致结构。

第二个误区，读文章时断章取义。

这个误区实际是第一个误区的延伸，就是同学对文章缺乏大局观，仅仅根据本段来理解本段。

比如这样一篇文章，后面有道题问的是段落主旨。

我们把其他段的大意翻译出来，只留下一二两段：
1、One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a ＂sea of technology＂ rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will changes the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s p lay.
2、Each of us has a place in nature we go sometime, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. ＂If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment（蚕食）?＂ asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
3. 接近自然好处多。

4. 不是孩子的错。

5. 每个人都有责任来让孩子重返自然。

题目：The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that___
A. kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoors
B. parks are in danger of being gradually encroached
C. Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the woods
D. children are expected to develop into protector of nature
这个题目正确答案是D，而很多考生误选了A。

纠其原因，就是根据本段理解本段，没能体会这个段落在文章中的作用。

这篇文章结构很清晰，先讲了一个现象（孩子脱离自然），然后表明了自己的态度，最后提出解决方案。

好了，文章很明显的是，第一段讲了现象，第三段讲了态度，第4、5段讲解决方案。

那问题就出来了，第二段它要干吗，是做为第一段的延续把这个现象更一步描述呢，还是表明了作者的态度，并引出了第三段的阐述？这样就能看出第2段文章的主旨了，它不是在描述现象，它是在讲作者的态度，表明了作者对孩子脱离自然后果的担忧；四个选项就只有D是最合适的，表明了作者的态度，孩子们应该要成长成为大自然的保护者。

第三个误区，深究生词和难句。

高考考纲规定高考阅读中超纲词可占3％－5％，同学们背纲内词也会有盲点，在加上英语当中有很多抽象的词汇不好理解，我们在考试中遇到不理解的词的情况时有发生。

有些词不影响我们对文章结构的把握，细节题也没有考到，这样的词可以勇敢的跳过，在考场上没必要花时间去仔细琢磨。

句子也是一样，我们关注的只是跟主旨相关的，以及后面题目考到的那些句子。

于是就有这样一种情况，这个词这个句子考到了我又不理解那怎么办。

那就根据上下文来猜测即可。

第四个误区：＂选好了就不能再改，一改就会错。

＂
做完一篇阅读后，必须花半分钟左右检查一下，看是否勾错选项，是否自己选的选项本身就是矛盾的，是否每个答案都能在文中找到了映射等等。

如果感觉有一道题目自己第一遍做错了，检查后想改，怎么办呢？很简单：对比两个选项间的映射，
哪个选项映射的观点在文中表达得更清晰（比如，选项就是文中某一观点的另一种说法），哪个选项的结论更合乎作者的思维和推理方式，哪个选项的内容更接近主题中心而不是针对某一细节，那就应该选哪个选项。

事实上，避免不敢对已经做了的选择的答案进行修改的最有效的方法，是在第一遍做题的时候就仔细分析选项在文章中的映射。

没有完全把握的题目可以放一放，等做完其它小题时你对全文已经有了全局的把握，再回头思考这个问题，可能更容易做出选择。

第五个误区：＂先读文章，然后才做题。

＂
考场上分秒必争，但一篇三四百字的文章考的问题往往只有5个，很多信息是多余的，过两眼就行；而有的一个单词却牵连数个选项，就得研究上下文，找出对应的关键词，然后参考题目认真加以分析。

从经验来看，做阅读理解题时，基本要用十几秒时间迅速浏览，弄清文章的主题是什么，比如环境保护、求职、医疗等等。

再找到关键词，然后用一分钟读文章后的题目，了解问题是什么。

有了文章的关键词，又知道了提问的主要问题，再回过头读文章时效率就比较高了。

而在浏览完考题之后，一定要细读文章，对题目涉及到的段落、句子做简单标记，接着要仔细分析每个题目在文中的映射，再做出选择。

最后，可以结合文章中心上下检查一遍，一个完整的解题顺序就完成了。

做阅读理解是慢功出细活，不要妄想有什么捷径，只要＂闯＂过这几大误区，就能取得更好的成绩。

高考阅读的基本解题思路：
第一，扫描提干，划关键项。

第二，通读全文，抓住中心。

1. 通读全文，抓两个重点：
①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；
②其他各段的段首和段尾句。

（其他部分略读，有重点的读）
2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：
①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？
②文章中有无提到核心概念？
③作者的大致态度是什么？
第三，仔细审题，返回原文。

（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：
①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。

（大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）
②自然段定位原则。

出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。

要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

第四，重叠选项，得出答案。

（重叠原文=对照原文）
1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。

2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由
阅读理解的解题技巧
1.例证题：
①例证题的标记。

当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。

②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。

③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。

例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。

举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。

④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。

即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。

（╳）
要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。

2.指代题：
①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。

②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。

③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。

④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。

3. 词汇题：＂搜索代入＂法
①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。

②确定该词汇的词性
③从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适
④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案
注意：
a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。

b.高考阅读不是考查字认识不认识，而是考查是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。

c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。

注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。

d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点（比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义）、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。

比如：让猜一个名词词组（动词词组）的意思，
我们就向上向下搜索名词词组（动词词组）。

隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。

隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。

4.句意理解题：
①返回原文找到原句。

②对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析（找主干），应该重点抓原句的字面含义。

若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。

注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。

③一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。

④句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。

做题时应把握住推的度。

思路：对句子微观分析? 不行就依据上下文? 选择时不要推得过远。

5.推理判断题：＂最近原则＂
①标志： learn, infer, imply, inform
②看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。

一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。

推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

③依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。

先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。

推理题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。

因此，不推的比推的好；推的近的比推的远的要好。

④推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。

(原文的某句话变个说法)
注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。

是否把原文读懂才是关键。

6.主旨大意题：＂串线摘帽＂
即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。