2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷4

2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）
第1套
一.综合题(共25题)
1.单选题
I don't think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in（）to its size. 问题1选项
A.correspondence
B.equation
C.proportion
D.dimension
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

correspondence意为“一致，符合”；equation意为“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，in proportion to意为“与……成比例，与……相称”；dimension意为“尺寸，规模”。

句意：相对于它的尺寸来说，我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。

2.单选题
We can （）a conclusion from these facts we have collected.
问题1选项
A.generalize
B.nominate
bel
D.integrate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

generalize意为“概括，归纳”；nominate意为“提名，任命”；label 意为“贴标签于”；integrate意为“(使) 合并，成为一体”。

句意：我们可以从收集到的这些事实中归纳出一个结论。

3.单选题
How much Robert Smith（）, the goal stayed unattained, but he still wouldn't give up. 问题1选项
A.inspired
B.endeavored
C.distressed
D.confused
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”；endeavor意为“努力，尽力，试图”；distress 意为“使悲伤，使苦恼”；confuse意为“使糊涂，使迷惑”。

句意：不管罗伯特•史密斯如何努力，他还是没有达到目标，但他还是不肯放弃。

4.单选题
Every member of society has to make a （）to struggle for the freedom of the country.
问题1选项
A.warranty
B.guarantee
C.resolve
D.pledge
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

warranty意为“保证，担保”，通常指承诺退款，类似质保；guarantee 意为“保证，担保”，通常指只负责修理，类似保修；resolve意为“决定”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”，make a pledge意为“宣誓，发誓”。

句意：每个社会成员都必须宣誓为国家自由而奋斗。

5.单选题
To explore mechanical secret detection, a search institute has developed a synthetic nose which can detect scents in vapors at a（）of one particle to a million.
问题1选项
A.number
B.percentage
C.proportion
D.ratio
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

number意为“数量”，a number of意为“许多的”；percentage意为“百分比，百分率”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，强调比例通常以100％为比例基数；ratio意为“比率，比例”，强调是整体与部分、部分与部分的比率。

探出百万分之一的气味。

6.单选题
He is holding a （）position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.
问题1选项
A.successive
B.succeeding
C.subordinate
D.subsequent
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

successive意为“连续的，相继的”；succeeding意为“以后的，随后的”；subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”；subsequent意为“后来的”。

句意：他在公司正处于一个低级的职位，他期望能很快晋升。

7.单选题
I don’t think the building was well（） and constructed.
问题1选项
A.deceived
B.perceived
C.conceived
D.achieved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

deceive意为“欺诈”；perceive意为“意识到，察觉到”；conceive意
句意：我觉得这栋建筑构思不太巧妙，也修建得不太好。

8.单选题
Greater effort to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage（）avoided.
问题1选项
A.is to be
B.can be
C.will be
D.has been
【答案】A
【解析】考查将来时。

be to do sth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。

will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；can be能够（避免）不符合句意；has been表示已经避免更不符合句意
句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。

9.单选题
The army training exercises ended with a （）battle.
问题1选项
A.mock
B.fantastic
C.simultaneous
D.imaginary
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

mock意为“不诚实的，模拟的”；fantastic意为“极好的，富于想象的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；imaginary意为“想象中的，幻想的”。

句意：军队训练演习以一场模拟战结束。

10.问答题
Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).
【答案】试题答案：B; to live
【解析】考查固定搭配。

prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。

11.单选题
Europe is following the Dutch lead and taking the green movement to the manufacturers of white goods and electronics. A spate of legislation emerging from Brussels aims ultimately to hold manufacturers responsible for the fate of their products along after they’ve left store shelves or car showrooms. They’re being told they must ensure that as much as 85 percent of their products be recycled or reused, and the remainder disposed of in environmentally sound ways.
Something surely needs to be done. In recent decades consumers have grown used to an ever-speedier turnover of hardware. A computer built in the 1960s lasted 10 years on average; now they are scrapped in just four. In the past more than 90 percent of this detritus had been buried in landfills. Europe's junk heap of electronic goods now weighs 6 million tons and will double in 12 years. All this waste is taking an obvious toll on the planet. Even at this early stage in Europe's recycling experiment, though the new laws have already caused unintended problems. Some European countries have been caught wholly unprepared. Because of the new regulations, waste sites and incinerators（焚化炉）throughout Europe are being inundated with hardware. Recycling facilities now coming online face a backlog of six months. Another problem: replacing bad but essential materials. The EU will soon ban the use of the lead, a hazardous substance that’s been used for decades to solder circuit boards. Electronics companies are struggling to find alternatives. “This could be a much bigger challenge for us than the waste-disposal regulation,” says Michelle O Neill, a Hewlett-Packard lobbyist in Brussels.
objective here; to move costs onto industry,” says Viktor Sundberg, European affairs director of Swedish manufacturer Electrolux. Inevitably some of those costs will trickle down to the consumer. And there's the sticky problem of assigning responsibility. Is one manufacturer liable for recycling the products of a former rival that has gone out of business? Should carmakers pay for dismembering vehicles built years before the directive took effect? Europe hasn't worked out these issues.
The new recycling laws may not cost as much as one might think. Many of the new targets are only incrementally tougher than existing ones. Carmakers, for instance, will in five years have to recycle or reuse 80 percent, by weight, of their old cars. But in the more eco-conscious northern states, they already voluntarily recycle 60 percent. That may be why manufacturers have greeted the new rules meekly. Ford claims that its latest Fiesta hatchback, newly built for the European market, is already 85 percent recyclable; that's a powerful image for the new eco-friendly manufacturing, provided Europe’s medicine works without too many side Effects.
1.The author says “something surely needs to be done” because （）.
2.The word “inundate” (underlined in paragraph 3) probably means
（）.
3.What disturbs electronics companies most according to Michelle O Neill?
4.We learn from the passage that（）.
问题1选项
A.the environment has already been seriously polluted.
B.some products are replaced at a faster rate than before
C.Europe doesn't have enough places to bury the discarded goods
D.some electronic goods will not decay if they are buried
问题2选项
A.overwhelm
B.destroy
C.flood
D.pollute
问题3选项
A.The production of recycling facilities falls far short of demand.
B.The destruction of electronic products will cost a lot of money.
C.The waste-disposal process involves advanced technology.
D.Some essential materials have to be replaced.
问题4选项
A.Manufacturers are reluctant to spend a large sum of money on recycling their products.
B.Manufacturers will shoulder a larger proportion of the costs of recycling.
C.Innovative European laws don’t de fine clearly how to assign the responsibility.
D.Innovative European laws are not applicable in many developing countries.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的Something surely needs to be done. In recent decades consumers have grown used to an ever-speedier turnover of hardware.（一定要做点什么。

近几十年来，消费者已经习惯了越来越快的硬件周转）可知B选项“某些产品的更换速度比以前快”符合题意。

2.词义题。

由文章第三段中的Because of the new regulations, waste sites and incinerators throughout Europe are being inundated with hardware. Recycling facilities now coming online face a backlog of six months.（由于新的法规，整个欧洲的废物场和焚烧炉都被硬件……现在即将上线的回收设施面临六个月的积压）可知“inundate”为动词，由后面的回收设备积压时间长，可推测前面的废物长和焚烧炉应该是被硬件覆盖、堆积淹没。

flood侧重于被水淹没，而overwhelm 则侧重于情感方面，指被强烈的感情淹没而不知所措，因此选C。

3.细节事实题。

由文章第三段中的Another problem: replacing bad but essential ma terials...“This could be a much bigger challenge for us than the waste-disposal regulation,”says Michelle O Neill, a Hewlett-Packard lobbyist in Brussels.（另一个问题是：更换坏的但必要的材料……“这对我们来说可能是一个比废物处理条例更大的挑战，”位于布鲁塞尔的惠普说客 Michelle O Neill说）可知D选项“必须更换一些基本材料”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。

由文章第四段中的And there's the sticky problem of assigning responsibility... Europe hasn't worked out these issues.（还有一个棘手的问题就是分配责任……欧洲还没有解决这些问题）可知C选项“创新的欧洲法律没有明确规定如何分配责任”符合题意。

12.单选题
About one-third of the adult homeless are（）mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs.
问题1选项
A.chronically
B.sparsely
C.adequately
D.individually
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。

chronically意为“慢性地，习惯性地，长期地”；sparsely意为“稀疏地，节省地”；adequately意为“足够地”；individually意为“分别地，单独地”。

句意：大约三分之一的无家可归的人患有慢性精神病，而且大约有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。

13.单选题
The country is now undergoing an economic （）in which business activity is greatly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.
问题1选项
A.flourish
B.accession
C.sanction
D.recession
【答案】D
“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。

句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。

14.单选题
1. A new study uses an unusual source—proverbs —reveal cultural differences in how Chinese and American citizens view risks and risk-taking.
2. When Chinese and American students compared proverbs from their countries they agreed: Chinese proverbs generally advocated greater risk-taking than did American proverbs.
3. These results help explain earlier research that has found Chinese citizens are indeed more willing
to take financial risks than are Americans, said Elke Weber, coauthor of the study and a professor of psychology at Ohio State University.
4. “Proverbs are part of a nation’s culture and reflect the nation’s beliefs and values,” said Weber. “By
looking at proverbs, we were able to show that long-standing cultural differences are one reason that the Chinese are more risk-seeking than Americans when it comes to financial issues,” Weber said.
5. Weber conducted the study with Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago and Joanna Sokolowska of the Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland. The results were published in a recent issue of the journal Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
6. Students from the two countries rated American proverbs such as “A bird in th e hand is worth two
in the bush,” and Chinese proverbs such as “Failure is the mother of success.”
7. The study also found some differences in how students from the two countries viewed proverbs.
For example, Chinese citizens generally viewed proverbs as advocating more risk in financial situations than in social situations. There was no such distinction made by American participants.
8. Weber said the collectivist culture of China ― a culture that emphasizes commitment to family —
allows people to take greater financial risks because citizens know their network of friends and family will help them in a crisis. However, because of the importance of their social network, Chinese are less willing to take social risks in which they might alienate friends or family.
9. In America’s individualistic culture, people have to be more careful financially because they don’t
have the “cushion” of a social network to fall back on, Weber said. On the other hand, Americans don’t have to worry as much about their social network. “The proverbs of each country reflect these differing cultural values and concerns,” Weber said.
10. In one study, 82 American and 87 Chinese college students were asked to rate 34 proverbs — 17
from each country — that had some advice about dealing with risk. The proverbs were
country the proverbs were from.
11. The participants were then asked if each proverb promoted risk aversion or risk seeking in two
different situations, one financial and one social. They rated the proverbs on a five-point scale in which 1 was risk-averse, 3 was neutral and 5 was risk seeking.
12. The participants from each country rated Chinese proverbs as more risk seeking in general than
the American proverbs, Weber said. For example, in one group of proverbs, American students gave the American proverbs an average score of 2.83, and the Chinese proverbs an average score of 3.07.
13. However, Weber said the evidence was clear that Chinese people believe proverbs advocate more
risk seeking in financial situations than they do in social situations.
14. In addition, Chinese proverbs seem to deal more with the problems of social risk-taking than do
American proverbs, reflecting the countries’ dif fering values. For example, American students said 95 percent of American proverbs were applicable to financial decisions, but only 63 percent were applicable to social decisions. But Americans thought 78 percent of Chinese proverbs were applicable to financial decisions and 73 percent were applicable to social decisions.
15. “The Chinese are much more interested than Americans in protecting their social networks.”
Weber said. “These findings are consistent with the notion that China is, and has long been,
a collectivist society and America an individualistic one.”
16. A second study, which also included German proverbs, found that people rated German proverbs
in between those from America and China —but closer to Chinese —in terms of risk seeking and risk aversion. That makes sense, Weber said, because German culture is quite collectivist in a social sense, much like China’s, even though the country has an economic system that is more like America’s.
17. Weber said this research is important for several reasons. For one, it shows how researchers can
use cultural products — such as proverbs, novels, or nursery rhymes — to help explain cross-cultural differences in beliefs and behavior. These results also have a practical use in helping people involved in international negotiations to better understand cultural differences. “When you are dealing with someone from another country, it is important to know if there are differences in perceptions or values that can affect negotiations. In this case, if you know the other person has different risk perceptions or risk preferences than you, it is possible to develop an agreement that leaves both sides better off.”
1.The study used proverbs because （）.
2.Which of the following is TRUE of the proverbs "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush" and "Failure is the mother of success"?
3.The Chinese advocate more risk-taking in financial situations because
（）.
4.Which of the following is true of a society that emphasizes individual values?
5.Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage?
I. A person who enjoys good social relations tends to risk himself financially.
II . A person who enjoys good social relations tends to be concerned about the problem therein. III. A person who doesn't care about social network tends to take more social risks.
问题1选项
A.China and America have approximately the same number of proverbs
B.most proverbs deal with risk-taking
C.the subjects had a large repertoire of proverbs
D.proverbs are culture-laden expressions
问题2选项
A.They are the most quoted proverbs.
B.They reveal different attitudes toward risk-taking.
C.They involve different images.
D.They express the same proposition.
问题3选项
A.they are a headlong people
B.they are financially disadvantaged
C.they have the "cushion" of social network
D.they have more financial opportunities
问题4选项
A.Its citizens tend to care about social network.
B.Its citizens are family-oriented.
C.Its citizens are risk-taking.
D.Its citizens care more about themselves financially.
问题5选项
A.I only
B.II only
C.Both I and III
D.I, II and III
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据题干中的proverbs可定位到文章第四段中，由Proverbs are part of a nation's culture and reflect the nation's beliefs and values（谚语是一个民族文化的组成部分反映了该民族的信仰和价值观）可知D选项“谚语是文化的表达方式”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。

由文章第一段中的 A new study uses an unusual source— proverbs — reveal cultural differences in how Chinese and American citizens view risks and risk-taking（揭示中美两国公民如何看待风险和冒险的文化差异）可知B选项“它们揭示了人们对冒险的不同态度”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。

根据题干中的financial situations可定位到文章第八段中，由the collectivist culture of China ― a culture that emphasizes commitment to family —allows people to take greater financial risks because citizens know their network of friends and family will help them in a crisis（中国的集体主义文化——强调对家庭的承诺的文化——允许人们承担更大的经济风险，因为民众知道他们的与朋友和家人之间的联系将在危机中帮助他们）可知人们可以在危险关头依靠他们的社交网络，因此C选项“他们拥有社交网络的‘缓冲’”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。

根据题干中的individual values可定位到文章第九段中，由In America's individualistic culture, people have to be more careful financially because they don't have the "cushion" of a social network to fall back on（在美国的个人主义文化中，人们必须在财政上更加谨慎，因为他们没有可以依靠的社交网络关系）可知D选项“它的民众在经济上更关心自己”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。

通读全文，可知在集体主义文化中，人们因为可以依靠亲友这样的社会关系网，更愿意冒险，但也会因为怕失去亲友，而不会冒太大的风险；在个人主义文化中，因为没有可依靠的
社会关系网，人们不会冒太大的金融风险，相比之下，他们会冒更大的社会风险。

故题目中的三种说法都正确，因此选D。

15.单选题
Mary's mother had to （）her dress because Mary is growing so tall.
问题1选项
A.let off
B.let go
C.let out
D.let loose
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

let off意为“让……下车，引爆”；let go意为“放开，释放，发射”；let out意为“泄露，放大，出租”；let loose意为“释放，放出，放任”。

句意：玛丽的母亲不得不把玛丽的衣服改大，因为玛丽长得很高。

16.单选题
When Dick began to tell about his summer vacation, the teacher（）him（）, saying "Tell us that another time."
问题1选项
A.cut...down
B.shut...out
C.cut...short
D.shut...off
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

cut down意为“减少，砍倒”；shut out意为“把……关在门外，阻断（念头、情感等）”；cut short意为“缩短，打断”；shut off意为“关闭，停止”。

句意：当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时，教师打断了他，说“下次告诉我们”。

17.问答题
The teacher said that if (A)we believed something was (B)true and good we should (C) hold on to them (D).
【答案】试题答案：D; it
【解析】考查代词用法。

something意为“某物，某事”，其不定代词要用单数代词it，不能用them。

18.单选题
As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” ov er the last century. The communications revolution the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on（扰乱）European’s private lives.
Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.
Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage —twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful and strong! Now, young people want to live alone.
The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much
room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he h asn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an ideal woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufrnann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long if they start at all. Eppendorf a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”
1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （）.
2.What is said about European society in the passage?
3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are
（）.
4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that
（）.
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
问题1选项
A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
B.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
C.they have embraced a business culture of stability
D.they are pessimistic about their economic future
问题2选项
A.It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B.It is getting closer to American style capitalism.
C.It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.
D.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
问题3选项
A.warm and light heated
B.on either side of marriage
C.negative and gloomy
D.healthy and wealthy
问题4选项
A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom
B.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe
C.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely
D.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable
问题5选项
A.To review the impact of women becoming high earners.
B.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.
C.To examine the trend of young people living alone.
D.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由文章第一段中的The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the "irresistible momentum of individualism" over the last century.（一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独处生活方式的转变，是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分）可知A选项“他们受到强烈的个人主义的驱使”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism.（在欧洲从社会民主向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义转变的
过程中，当代的独居者逐渐成熟）可知B选项“欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。

由文章第三段中的the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice....They were young, beautiful and strong!（最新一批单身人士是三四十岁的高收入者，他们越来越认为独居是一种生活方式的选择……他们年轻，漂亮，强壮！）可知D选项“健康和富有”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。

由文章最后一段中I've always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.（我总是做我想做的事：过一种自主的生活）可知A选项“一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。

文章第一段讲述了越来越多的欧洲人选择在年轻时保持单身；第二段讲述了欧洲经济的发展促进了独立趋势，使人们具有独立生活的能力；第三段讲述了越来越多的高收入者选择独居生活；第四段举例人们选择单身的原因与个人事业发展有关。

本文一直都是围绕单身这个主题来展开阐述，已经成为一种趋势，因此C选项“研究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。

19.单选题
The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons （）slowly into the sky.
问题1选项
A.heaving
B.raising
C.ascending
D.floating
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；ascend意为“上升，升高”；float意为“浮动，漂流”。

此处为动词的现在分词作宾补。

句意：当看到几百个彩色气球慢慢地升向天空时，孩子们欢呼起来。

20.问答题
Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).
【答案】试题答案：B; to live
【解析】考查固定搭配。

prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。

21.单选题
Whether you are a gorilla, a four year old child, a politician or an Olympic athlete, the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates, the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air. Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the head bows, and sometimes the shoulders slump and the chest narrows too — something that is not a million miles away from the cringing postures associated with submission in animals, from chimpanzees to rats, rabbits and even salamanders. Are these displays of pride and shame common to all humans? If they are, they will have evolved to serve some function.
In their research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team of researchers analyzed images of blind and sighted athletes from different cultures from the judo competition held in the 2004 Olympic and Paralympics Games. They looked for whether or not competitors indulged in post-match behavior such as tilting their heads back, raising their arms or expanding their chests in victory, or hiding their face or narrowing their chests in defeat. They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind competitors —even those blind from birth. Although the researchers say that congenitally blind children might have been taught by their parents to lift their hands above their heads after a victory, they speculate that it would be harder to teach them the full spectrum of displays they witnessed. These findings, then, imply that displays of pride are not simply cultural stereotypes learnt after birth: but an innate form of behavior that was relevant to the way humans lived. A display of pride (or shame), in other words, may be an evolved and innate behavioral response.
Why? Such displays may have an evolutionary function. People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on (which may help to avoid further aggression), and so might well be a display of submission.
The researchers also found that the behavioral response to shame was weaker in sighted athletes from cultures that were individualistic —or “self-expression valuing” —societies in the West. They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with “cultural norms” that stigmatize displays of shame. If so, this would explain why the congenitally blind displayed more shame in defeat than did people who became blind later in life.
1.In the opening paragraph, the author proposes his hypothesis by （）.
2.Why are blind athletes chosen for the research?
3.The pride and shame responses probably function as （）.
4.Which of the following post-match behavior of athletes shows unique cultural influence?
问题1选项
A.drawing an analogy
B.making a comparison
C.listing specific examples
D.explaining a phenomenon
问题2选项
A.To identify their distinctive behavioral features.
B.To illustrate the typical gestures used by the disabled.
C.To prove instinctive pride and shame reactions.
D.To justify the importance of learning after birth.
问题3选项
A.determining one’s social status
B.showing one’s attitude
C.exchanging personal feelings
D.signaling the end of a fight
问题4选项
A.Hiding their faces.
B.Puffing out their chests.
C.Raising their arms.
D.Removing their clothing.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.推理判断题。

类比（drawing an analogy）指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，由文章第一段可知作者是将动物与人两个不同的对象，其对胜利的表现都是相同的进行比较，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind competitors —even those blind from birth.（他们发现这些在胜利和失败的反应中，来自不同文化的人们展示出一成不变的胜利姿态和由若干固定成分组成的羞愧表情。

这其中包括盲人运动员，甚至还是先天失明的）可知C选项“来证明其骄傲和羞耻的本能反应”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。

由文章倒数第二段中的People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on... and so might well be a display of submission.（人们要夸耀他们的成就，确保他们的地位和社会群体的认同。

同样地，羞愧表现出对失利的接受和对继续战斗的不情愿，也很可能是一种顺从的表现）可知这些都是对态度的表现，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。

由文章最后一段中的They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with "cultural norms" that stigmatize displays of shame.（研究表明来自于这些地方的职业运动员抑制了反应，而这种反应与控制耻辱表现的社会行为规范相一致）可知A“把他们的脸藏起来”属于抑制自己反应的表现，因此选A。

22.单选题
David likes country life and has decided to （）farming.
问题1选项
A.go in for
B.go through with
C.go back on
D.go along with。