宾语从句的写法
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宾语从句的写法
一、宾语从句的概念
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句可分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
例如:
1. 动词的宾语从句
- I think (that) you are right.(“you are right”是think这个动词的宾语从句,that可以省略)
2. 介词的宾语从句
- He is interested in what I said.(“what I said”是介词in的宾语从句)
3. 形容词的宾语从句
- I'm sure that he will come.(“that he will come”是形容词sure的宾语从句)
二、宾语从句的引导词
1. that引导的宾语从句
- that在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。
例如:
- She says (that) she will leave tomorrow.
2. if或whether引导的宾语从句
- 表示“是否”,在句中不充当句子成分,但不能省略。
例如:
- I don't know if/whether he will come.(if和whether在这里可以互换,一般情况下,在口语中常用if,在正式文体或句中有or not时,常用whether,如I don't know whether he will come or not.)
3. 连接代词引导的宾语从句
- 连接代词有what(什么)、who(谁)、whom(谁,宾格)、which(哪一个)、whose(谁的)等。
这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等句子成分。
例如:
- I don't know what he wants.(what在宾语从句中充当wants的宾语) - She asked me who was in the classroom.(who在宾语从句中充当主语)
4. 连接副词引导的宾语从句
- 连接副词有when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)、how (怎样)等。
这些连接副词在宾语从句中充当状语。
例如:
- Can you tell me when he will arrive?(when在宾语从句中充当时间状语)
- I wonder where she lives.(where在宾语从句中充当地点状语)
三、宾语从句的时态
1. 主句为一般现在时
- 宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。
例如:
- I know that he is a student.(从句为一般现在时,表示现在的状态)
- I know that he went to Beijing yesterday.(从句为一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作)
- I know that he will come tomorrow.(从句为一般将来时,表示将来的动作)
2. 主句为一般过去时
- 宾语从句要用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
例如:
- He said that he was a student.(从句原句为He is a student,因为主句是一般过去时said,所以从句变为一般过去时was)
- He said that he was reading a book at that time.(从句原句为He is reading a book at that time,主句为一般过去时,所以从句变为过去进行时) - He said that he would come the next day.(从句原句为He will come tomorrow,主句为一般过去时,所以从句变为过去将来时)
- He said that he had finished his homework.(从句原句为He has finished his homework,主句为一般过去时,所以从句变为过去完成时)
四、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。
例如:错误:I don't know what is he doing.
正确:I don't know what he is doing.。