纳米科技全英文ppt

STM
the birth of cluster science and the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This development led to the discovery of fullerenes in 1985 and carbon nanotubes a few years later. In another development, the synthesis and properties of semiconductor nanocrystals was studied; this led to a fast increasing number of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots. The atomic force microscope was invented six years after the STM was invented. In 2000, the United States National Nanotechnology Initiative was founded to coordinate Federal nanotechnology research and development and is evaluated by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
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Scanning electron microscope
• SEM (SEM) scanning electron microscope is a type of microscope that images a sample by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern. The electrons interact with the atoms that make up the sample producing signals that contain information about the sample's surface topography, composition, and other properties such as electrical conductivity. The types of signals produced by an SEM include secondary electrons, back-scattered electrons (BSE), characteristic X-rays, light (cathodoluminescence),
The Era of Nanotechnology
Richard Phillips Feynman
• Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger , received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965
The stone implements
The core plate
A brief introduction to the nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometre in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Quantum mechenical effects are very important at this scale, which is in the quantum realm. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new marerials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on th atomic scale.
Microscope
Microscope
• A microscope is an instrument used to see objects too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is the optical microscope which uses light to image the sample. Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope (both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscope.
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electron microscope
• TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy)
is a microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; the image is magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, on a layer of photographic film, or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera.
• A Flea as imaged using an electron microscope
• A dust mite dander
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics
• Quantum mechanics, also known as quantum physics or quantum theory, is a branch of physics providing a mathematical description of the dual particlelike and wave-like behaviour and interaction of matter and energy. Quantum mechanics departs from classical mechanics primarily at the atomic and sub-atomic scales, the so-called quantum realm. In special cases some quantum mechanical processes are macroscopic, but these emerge only at extremely low or extremely high energies or temperatures.
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Richard Feynman • 从石器时代开始，人 类从磨尖箭头到光刻 芯片的所有技术，都 与一次性地削去或者 融合数以亿计的原子 以便把物质做成有用 的形态有关。 Feynman质问道，为 什么我们不可以从另 外一个角度出发，从 单个的分子甚至原子 开始进行组装，以达 到我们的要求？
The question of Richard Feynman
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Scanning electron microscope
• specimen current and transmitted electrons. Secondary electron detectors are common in all SEMs, but it is rare that a single machine would have detectors for all possible signals. The signals result from interactions of the electron beam with atoms at or near the surface of the sample. In the most common or standard detection mode, secondary electron imaging or SEI, the SEM can produce very high-resolution images of a sample surface, revealing details about less than 1 to 5 nm in size. Due to the very narrow electron beam, SEM micrographs have a large depth of field yielding a characteristic three-dimensional appearance useful for understanding the surface structure of a sample. This is exemplified by the micrograph of pollen shown to the right. A wide range of magnifications is possible,
Richard Feynman
• From the Stone Age, humans from the ground to the tip of the arrow all the chip lithography techniques, or with the integration of slashing the number of one-time Why can not we start from another angle, from single molecules or even atoms begin to be assembled to meet our requirements? He said: "At least in my view, the laws of physics do not rule out creating things atom by atom potential