大学英语精读第四册
大学英语精读修订版第四册课件
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▪ 4. delivery n. 1)投递，送交；2)投递的邮件，发送的 货物；3)分娩；4)讲话的方式，演讲风格
▪ ----- Please pay on delivery.
▪ Phr. cash on delivery 货到付现金
▪
take delivery (of sth.) 收到某物
▪
delivery note 货单
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▪ 8. echo n.回音，回声，共鸣 vi.发出回声，产生回响 vt. 模仿，重复，附和
▪ ----- They echoed their leader’s every word.
▪ ----- He has no original opinion; he is just his brother’s echo.
▪ Phr. echo sth. (back) (指地方)传回回声
▪
echo to/ with sth. (指地方)产生回声
▪ ----- The valley echoed (back) his song.
▪ ----- The hills echoed to the sound of their laughter.
----- He always wears a sour expression.
▪ acid表示讽刺、刻薄或严厉的批评。 ----- an acid remark ----- I read an acid comment on the political situation.
2024/7/16
Book4 Unit One By Miranda
▪ Phr. the company one keeps 经常与之为伍的人；伙伴
大学英语精读第四册_教案
课程名称：大学英语精读授课班级：XX级XX班授课教师：XXX授课时间：XX周XX节教学目标：1. 掌握本册书中的关键词汇、短语和常用句型。
2. 理解课文内容，提高学生的阅读理解能力。
3. 培养学生的英语写作和口语表达能力。
4. 增强学生对西方文化的了解。
教学内容：1. 课文内容：本册书共包含10个单元，每个单元围绕一个主题展开，如科技、文化、社会现象等。
2. 词汇：学习本册书中的重点词汇，包括形容词、动词、名词、介词等。
3. 句型：掌握常用句型，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
4. 写作：学习写作技巧，提高写作水平。
5. 口语：通过课堂讨论、角色扮演等方式，提高口语表达能力。
教学重点与难点：1. 重点：课文内容、重点词汇、常用句型、写作技巧、口语表达。
2. 难点：理解复杂句型、提高写作水平、口语表达能力的培养。
教学过程：一、导入1. 复习上一册书的知识，引导学生进入学习状态。
2. 介绍本册书的主要内容和教学目标。
二、课文讲解1. 预习课文，了解课文大意。
2. 分析课文结构，讲解重点词汇和句型。
3. 针对课文内容进行提问，引导学生思考。
三、写作训练1. 介绍写作技巧，如段落结构、过渡词等。
2. 学生根据所学内容进行写作练习，教师批改并给予指导。
四、口语训练1. 课堂讨论：针对课文内容进行讨论，提高学生的口语表达能力。
2. 角色扮演：模拟课文中的场景，让学生进行口语表达。
五、总结与作业1. 总结本节课的重点内容。
2. 布置课后作业，如背诵课文、完成写作练习等。
教学评价：1. 课堂表现：观察学生在课堂上的发言、参与度等。
2. 作业完成情况：检查学生的课后作业，了解学生的学习效果。
3. 写作和口语表达能力：通过写作和口语练习，评价学生的英语水平。
教学反思：1. 不断调整教学方法，提高学生的学习兴趣。
2. 注重培养学生的英语实际应用能力。
3. 及时发现学生的学习困难，给予针对性的辅导。
大学英语精读第四册课后翻译题及答案
U N I T 1 1.我们接到通知,财政部长将于次日接见我们;We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to give us an audience / receive us the next day.2.我觉得很奇怪,他似乎不记得自己的生日;I thought it odd that he didn’t seem to remember his own birthday.3.学期论文最迟在下星期二交来,可是至今大部分学生却几无进展;Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far.4.看到学生人数不断减少,校长心里很难受;painIt pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking.5.在那个国家一般用现金付账,但支票变得普遍起来了,不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式;Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts.6.该公司声称,这条河流的污染不是它造成的;The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.UNIT21.比尔已是个成熟的小伙子,不再依赖父母替他做主;Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions.2.这个地区有大量肉类供应,但新鲜果蔬奇缺;There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce.3.工程师们依靠工人们的智慧发明了一种新的生产方法,使生产率得以提高; Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.4.他花了许多时间准备数学考试,因此当他获知自己只得了个B时感到有点失望; He spent a lot of time preparing for his disappointed to learn that he got only a B.5.我们有充实的时间从从容容吃顿午饭;We have ample time for leisurely lunch.6.地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施,以渡过粮食危机;The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis.UNIT31.萧伯纳在他一个剧本的前言中提出这样的看法：今天人们比在中世纪时更加迷信;In the preface to one of his plays, Bernard Shaw advances the idea that people are more superstitious today than they were in the Middle Ages.2. 丈夫死后,她只好独自挑起扶养五个孩子的经济重担;After her husband died, she had to bear the severe financial burden of raising five children by herself.3.证明或驳斥某个论点的最好办法之一是从亲身经历中举出例子;One of the best ways to prove or refute a point is to cite examples from your own experience.4.亨特说贝蒂老是夸大他的缺点,这话很可能会引起一场争吵;Hunt’s statement that Betty always exaggerates his faults may well lead to a quarrel.5.我当时对她绝对信任,无论她告诉我什么,我都会相信;I trusted her so much that I would have swallowed any story she told me.6.一家人聚拢来讨论经济问题时,父亲一开头就说,每月存点钱是绝对必要的,遇到紧急情况,我们可以依靠积蓄;When the family gathered to discuss matters of finance, Father started off by saying that it was absolutely necessary to set aside some money each month, for in an emergency we could fall back on our savings.UNIT4有时,倒霉的事儿似乎会到处跟随着你;就举不久前我所遭遇到的事为例吧;一天我开车去附近一座城市出差,在一处十字路口,见到红灯亮起我便将车停了下来;可是,突然一辆黑色的别克车从后面向我的车子撞过来;我受了点伤;万分仇怒之下我咒骂着下了车,可却发现那车的妇驾驶员像是被撞得不省人事了,她那从在车后的小孩也受伤了;我只好在口袋中摸找手机报了警;几分钟后一辆警车开来,急忙将女士和小孩送往医院;而我却被告知要待在原处;事实上,尽管我对这事毫无责任,我在两小时后方得以离开现场;回到家,精神力气好像一点儿都没有了;至于出差的事么,我只好取消了;为此,我的工作也受到很大损失;至今,我仍搞不明白这车祸到底是怎么回事;Sometimes bad luck seems to follow you everywhere. Take, for instance, what happened to me not long ago. One day I drove to a nearby city on business. At a junction I pulled the car to a halt as the red light was on; however, a black Buick suddenly collided into my car from behind. I was slightly injured. Wild with anger I cursed and got out only to find that the woman driver of the other car appeared to have been knocked unconscious and her young child, who was sitting in the rear of the car, was hurt, too. I had to fumble in my pockets for my mobile phone and call the police. In a few minutes a police car came and rushed the lady and her child to hospital. I was, however, asked to stay where I was. In fact, I didn’t leave the scene until two hours later although I was not to blame at all. By the time I got home all my energy seemed to have deserted me. As to the business trip, I had to cancel it. As a result, my work suffered enormously. Up to now, I still can’t make sense of the accident.UNIT51.我确信这项所谓so-called 明智的决定,与期望相反,会带来极其严重的后果;I am convinced that, contrary to expectations, the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequences.2.诚然,他曾欺骗你,但他已经承认自己做错了,并道了歉;所以你不应该老是以怀疑的态度对待他;It’s true he once deceived you, but he has admitted he has done wrong and apologized. So you shouldn’t always treat him with suspicion.3.他在这个问题公开进行辩论之前就已表明了自己的立场;He had taken a stand on the issue before it was openly debated.4.在调查过程中,他们发现了种种形式的政治腐败,并揭露了许多贪官污吏corrupt officials ;In the course of their investigation, they discovered various forms of political corruption and exposed a number of corrupt officials.5.玛丽的两难处境是：把真相告诉老板从而失信于她的同事,还是让老板蒙在鼓里从而辜负他的信任;Mary’s dilemma was whether to betray her colleagues by telling her boss the truth or to betray his trust by keeping him in the dark about it.6.首先,是什么使你认为这项规划会促进改革其次,你怎么知道这些改革会让全县得到好处Now, in the first place, what has make you think led you to think this program will promote reforms, and in the second, how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole countyUNIT61.那位卫生部副部长一再强调把中西医结合起来是多么重要;The vice minister of health has emphasized time and again how important it is to integrate traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine.2.热天很难保藏食品,使之保持新鲜与信用安全;很自然,许多人觉得在夏季还是不上饭店为好;In hot weather it is rather difficult to preserve food and keep it fresh and safe to eat. Naturally, many people prefer not to eat in restaurants during the summer months.3.阅读时在作者强调的论点底下划线,对我们会有所裨益;It will do us good to underline the points that the author emphasizes in his book.4.经过好几天侦查,警方终于弄清这起谋杀案和新近发生的越狱事件有关;After days of inquiry the police finally tied up the murder with the case of the recent escape from prison.5.我想劝说他们采纳我们的计划,首先因为这一计划所需资金较少,其次,不会造成环境污染;I want to persuade them to adopt our plan, because, in the first place, it calls for less funds and, in the second place, it will not cause environmental pollution. 6.父亲用绳子把芹菜celery 扎在一起,放在河里浸了浸,然后拿到菜场去卖; Father bound the celery together with a rope and dipped it in the stream for a while before he took it to the market for sale.Unit71.法庭的判决引起史密斯先生的朋友们的气愤,他们相信他是无辜的;The court’s judgment aroused anger among Mr. Smith’s friends, who believed that he was innocent.2.当我们经过那家价格昂贵的餐馆时,父亲催我们快走,他说在这样高档的fancy 地方用餐是大大超过我们的经济能力的;As we passed the expensive restaurant, father hurried us along saying that it was well beyond our means to have dinner at such a fancy place.3.老师在评价一篇文章并给它打分grade vt. ,可能是根据总的印象而不是根据仔细的分析analysis;A teacher may evaluate and grade an essay on the basis of his general impression rather than on a detailed analysis.4.小狗puppy 将我的一张画搞坏了,我真想对它发火,可它那十分可爱cute 的样子使我不禁笑着把它从地上抱了起来;be inclined to, ruinI was inclined to get angry at the puppy for ruining my painting but he was so cute that I could not help but laugh and pick him up.5.爱德华Edward 常常喜爱在那间可以眺望大海的房间里朗诵诗歌;Edward was in the habit of reciting poems in the room overlooking the sea.6.安东尼Anthony 彻夜未眠,因为他对于是否得插手此事举棋不定;Anthony stayed up all night because he just could not make up his mind whether or not to take a hand in the matter.Unit81.有朝一日人们不需要离开城市去寻求宁静;当我们撤到地下居所时,现在由城市占据地地面便可让位于公园和荒野,供人们休闲娱乐;Someday people need not get away from the city to find peace and quiet. When we withdraw into underground dwellings, the surface ground now occupied by cites can be turned over to park and to wilderness for recreation.2.请你注意并非所有的学生都愿意出席毕业典礼graduation ceremony ,所以学校才要求凡是想禽毕业证书diploma 的毕业生graduating students 都得出席; Not all of the students, mind you, are willing to attend the ceremony if they want to receive a diploma.3.对于妇女在社会中的地位问题,我们的许多看法来自封建时代feudal times ,与今天的社会是格格不入的not relevant ;Many of the ideas we have about the role of women in society are derived from feudal times and are not relevant in today’s society.4.如今人们的流动性比以往任何时候都大,这也许就是为什么移动电话十分普及的原因;People today are more mobile than ever before; perhaps this is why mobile phones have become so common.5.几乎每个孩子都曾梦想去太空旅游,体会一下在失重gravity-free 环境下生活是什么样子;virtuallyVirtually every child has dreamed of traveling in space and experiencing what it would be like to live in a gravity-free environment.6.我们学校鼓励学生独立思考do independent thinking ,不要受老师观点的束缚; restrictStudents of our school are encouraged to do independent thinking and not to be restricted by the teacher’s points of view.Unit9几年前我父母把我带到美国时,那里的一切对我来说都十分陌生;进入一所美国中学后不久,我就感到极其孤独寂寞,因为我英语能力competence的欠缺造成了我与新同学之间的隔阂;父母新弄清楚我为什么情绪那么低落后,他们鼓励我提高自己的英语水平,鼓励我通过广泛阅读丰富自己的词汇;此后我花了许多时间阅读英语书籍与杂志;好的推理作品总会使我着迷,但最吸引我的是关于杰出的科学家的故事;我记得阿伯特;爱因斯坦给我留下了很深的印象,他的思想深刻地改变了人类关于空间、时间、物质和能量的基本概念;亚里士多德Aristotle写了四百本左右关于各种学科的着作,这真使我大为惊异;斯蒂芬;霍金身体伤残而且不能说话,但他对科学却作出了杰出贡献;这真是奇迹啊伟大的科学家的光辉业绩促使我下决心把一生献给科学事业;When my parents took me to America several years ago, everything there felt very alien to me. Soon after I attended an American high school, I felt desperately lonely because my lack of competence in English formed a barrier separating my new schoolmates and myself. When my parents found out why I was in such low spirits, they encouraged me to improve myself in English and enrich my vocabulary by reading extensively. From then on I spent many hours reading English books and magazines, I was always intrigued by good mysteries, but what fascinated me most was stories of outstanding scientists. I remember I was greatly impressed by Albert Einstein whose ideas profoundly changed mankind’s basic concepts of space, time, matter and energy. And I found it amazing that Aristotle had written about 400 books on a variety of subjects. Stephen Hawking is physically disabled and unable to speak; nevertheless, he has made a notable contribution to science. What a miracle Brilliant deeds of the great scientists led / prompted me to make up my mind to dedicate my life to the pursuit of science.Unit101.关键证人的制度有可能削弱对被告的指控力度weaken the case against ;The absence of the crucial witness was likely to weaken the case against the defendant.2.为了帮我们准备好参加辩论,教练要我们经常注意与我们自己的论点相悖的论点;reverseTo prepare us for the debate, the coach wanted us to be always aware of arguments that are quite the reverse of ours.3.尤其是,人们指望你表现出能激励和领导一班人的潜力;Above all you are expected to demonstrate a potential to motivate and lead the team.4.医生往往为自己能够医治好病人罕见的疾病而自豪;A doctor often prides himself on the ability to cure his patient of a rare disease.5.如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期前不续借,就得按规定罚款;If books are not returned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, a fine must be paid in accordance with the regulations.6.总的来说,很少有人不报怨自己的工作的,然而一旦他们没有机会工作了又会不高兴;On the whole, few people do not complain about their jobs. On the other hand, they would be very unhappy if they got no chance to work.。
大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。
午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。
大学英语精读第四册
大学英语精读第四册Unit one: Big Bucks the Easy Way Introductory RemarksIn the United States of America Family background or personal influence plays a much less important role than in many other societies. Anyone who wants to become successful has to rely mainly on his own efforts. That’s why many American parents encourage their children to do part-time jobs while studying in college or even in high school. This is of great benefit to the young people not only financially but also in the development and formation of character, for in the process of work, they can learn a lot of things which are impossible for them to acquire (= get / obtain) from their textbooks at school.In this story, for instance, the two college sons have to develop management skills quickly in order to get their work done; they have to learn cooperation, team work, efficiency and business ethics (理念)in order to meet the real world’s deadlines. And the two youngest sons have also to learn that “you are never done with books”, because books teach us knowledge and theories which are as important as, if not more important than, practical experience.Written in a humorous style (幽默的风格), the story also tells us as well as all those youngsters that there is no easy way to earn a lot of money in the United States. You have to learn quickly and work hard before you can get your share of money.PrefacePatterns:be unaware of (sth) = be unconscious of (sth)be unaware + that clause = be unconscious +that clause Pattern:involve oneself in / with / into sth = be involved in / with/ intotempt (=induce) sb into doing sth诱惑某人做某事Compare: advertisement / advertisingadvertisement / commercialsPattern:promise sb. to do sthprobably = maybe = perhapsCompare :too … to(否定)only/but/simply/never too …to (强调肯定)1)This text is too difficult to learn.2)This text is simply/but/only/never too difficult to learn.Big Bucks the Easy Way轻轻松松赚大钱buck (American slang = money): ten bucks (=dollars); in the bucks (手头有钱)Lines 1 – 14look into = investigate: look into (=investigate) the matter Pattern: suggest sth to sbavoid (vt.): keep away from (避开; 避免)Pattern: avoid doing sth. (Right); avoid to do sth. (Wrong) dignity (庄严; 尊严); indignity = in + dignityplastics (n.) (塑料); plastic (adj.)塑料的hang –hanged – hanged (vt.)吊死；绞死e.g.: The murder was sentenced to be hanged.hang – hung – hung (vi. & vt.)悬挂；垂下e.g.: I plan to hang some pictures in my new house. message: note; informationtext message手机短信leisurely (adj.):(moving, acting, or done) without haste; unhurried 从容的; 不慌不忙的lucrative (adj.): profitableleisurely, lucrative work: work that brings in a lot of money and can be done with ease 能轻松赚钱的工作I can live with(=put up with / endure)it (=indignity). panhandle:(AmE) beg, esp. on the streetembarrass sb. = make sb. feel embarrassed 使人感到难为情magazine-delivery thing 投递杂志的事settle (=accommodate) oneself in some placeLines 15 – 29enthuse (vi.): show enthusiasm非常兴奋；兴高采烈enthuse (vi.) --- enthusiasm (n.) --- enthusiastic (adj.)inquire = ask: Pattern:inquire / ask sth of sb.super (colloq.): wonderful; splendid; excellentsnap (vt.): say (sth.) sharply 厉声地说“Super!” she snapped, “Just super!…”: The verb “snapped” makes it clear that she was saying this in an ironical tone. As a matter of fact, her day was just awful.truck (AmE) = lorry (BrE)pull up: come to a stop; bring to a stope.g.: John was walking along the street when suddenly a car pulled up beside him.Montgomery Wards; Sears; Roebucks:They are mail-order business companies 从事邮递业务的公司…it will be four thousand of something:…it will be four thousand advertising inserts for some other department store or companyPattern: be responsible (to sb.) for sth.Compare:responsibility --- obligation --- liabilityFill in each of the blanks with the proper word:Your _____ is to sign the contract between the two companies. Each company must carry out the signed contract for its ____, andany party has to take its _____ if it fails to implement the contract Patterns: Sb. is to blame for sth (Formal)Sb is blamed for sth; blame sb for / on sth (Informal)…it turned out(prove / come to be clear) 插入语hand-deliver (vt.) = deliver by hand派人直接送advertising inserts用于广告作用插在报纸或杂志中的广告插页…are included with(=be inserted between / be put between)…Patterns:1.promise to do sth2. promise sb to do sth3. promise sb for sth(a) piece of cake: a colloquial phr ase “sth can be done easily”Lines 30 – 50six hundred (bucks = dollars)echo (vt.): repeat (the word, feelings , etc. of sb.) 附和; 重复e.g.: The little boy echoes everything his brother says. Patterns:1. inform sb of sth. 2. inform sb + that clauseAnd we do the job in two hours. (note: not using “after”) porch (AmE) = veranda (BrE) 门廊even as (= just at the time when ) we speak 引导让步状语load 装--- unload卸carrying armloads (n.) of sth: carrying armful of sth…all this指这么多广告to get (系动词) busy = to start to workurgent message紧急留言unnaturally high: extraordinarily / extremely highquaver (vi.): (of the voice or a sound) shake; tremble颤抖truckloads of ad inserts几卡车的广告插页dime: coin of U.S. and Canada, worth of ten centsdime store: 廉价商品店drugstore: 杂货店；药店grocery :食品店greengrocery: 蔬菜店whole magazine sections整本杂志那么厚cram (vt.)把…塞满; 装满wall-to-wall(方式状语): 类似的表达方式face-to-face; shoulder-to-shoulderstack = pile 堆in stacks = pile and pile; in pilestake one each of the eleven inserts从十一中插页中各取一份slip a rubber band around them套上橡皮筋slide into塞进takeout restaurant 外卖餐馆Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. :Her voice kept rising as if (her voice was) rising to such a pitch that it could no longer be heard by the human ear.keep doing sth持续做某事as if:后可接现在分词He paused as if expecting me to speak. work one?s way费力前进; 努力获得range范围; out of the range of超过…范围Lines 51 – 65Pattern: had better do sth; had better not do sth.as … as one can= as … as possiblee.g.: Please come here as soon as you can. = Please come here as soon as possibleGot a lunch date. = I have got an appointment for lunch.I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so.我吃的牛排好极了，但这次学乖了，还是不说为妙know better than to do很明智不去做…e.g.: As a college student, you should know better than to waste your time like that.Some sort of (= something like) sour fisheel: (long, snake-like fish) 鳗；鳝a couple of = a few 两三个；几个；assembly line装配线；流水作业“movement” = some progress or advanceencouraging --- discouragingPattern:encourage sb. to do sth.Pattern: be at sth:从事于; 在状态中e.g.: They are still at work (at rest).Compare: roof --- ceilingdent (n.)凹下的地方make a dent in 使凹下去(即减少);此处意为减少一点;有所进展re-: again; once more使…再生; 增加re produce --- re print --- re tell --- re thinkLines 66 – 80get…out of…: 从…中得到get the best out of …: 从…中得到最大利益…one does not get the best out of employees by …: one does not get the greatest possible amount of work out of his employees by …bodily harm体罚obtaining an audience with跟…通话son No. 1: the older sonPatterns: threaten (vt.)1.Nuclear weapons threaten the peace and security of theworld.2.The robber threatened me with a gun.3.He threatens to make the photo public.bonus: reward cut into (=reduce) our profitunless: if notPattern: enable sb. to do sth. = make sb. able to do sth. Compare: on time --- in timeIf they don?t =If they don?t make all the deliveries on time There will be (is) no +动名词= it will be (is) impossible to do 意为“不可能”1.There is no getting along with him.跟他是无法相处的。
College English (4-3)大学英语精读第四册资料
Unit 3: Why Do We Believe That the Earth Is Round (我们为什么相信地球是圆的？) Introductory Remarks“Why Do We Believe That the Earth Is Round” is one of a series of short essays Orwell wrote for British periodicals in the 1940’s. In it he first tries to refute both the Flat Earth theory and Oval Earth theory but says that his reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather weak and precarious. Then from the discussion he draws his conclusion that ours is a credulous age because much of our knowledge does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. Here Orwell expresses a healthy concern for the burden the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen carries. Overloaded with information and misinformation, the average man cannot adequately process and digest what he receives. He is apt to accept what he hears or reads as true without submitting it to factual verification or the test of reason. Man should respect the views of true experts, but he should test their theories, and compare different viewpoints in order to arrive at a truer perspective. Then, and only then, can man truly become an intelligent thinking species Prefaceprove (vt.) 证明, 证实prove + noun: He has proved his courage in battle.prove + adj.: The article has proved most useful.prove to be …: The play proved to be very good.prove + that clause:I will prove (to the world) that he was right. go ahead (vi.): Go ahead, please.go ahead with sth: Go ahead with your plan.rely on = depend onsense (C):理性(pl.) 感觉draw on吸收, 利用= take advantage of = make use of Lines 1 – 13some… or…other 某一…e.g.: somewhere or other 在某个地方; some day or other (未来)某一天; (in) some way or other (以)某种方法; He went to some place or other.他去了某个地方. preface (to):introduction (to) (文章或书的)序言; 引言Saint Joan“圣女贞德”Bernard Shaw肖伯纳(English dramatist)remark (v. & n.): say; commentgullible (adj.): credulous 易轻信的; 易受骗的gull (vt.): cheat; deceive e.g.: Gull (=deceive / cheat) a fool out of his money骗取傻子的钱gull (n.): a person who is easily deceived易受欺骗的人superstitious (adj.)迷信的superstition (U)the Middle Ages (欧洲)中世纪credulity (U)易轻信; 易受骗credulous (adj.)incredulity (U); incredulous (adj.) = unbelievablecite (vt.)引用, 引证e.g.: The lawyer cited a previous case to support his argument. average (=ordinary) man普通人advance: put forth; put or bring forward提出e.g.: Mary is too shy to advance her opinion at the meeting.not a single(强调否定) 一个也没有…can advanc e not a single reason提不出任何一个理由e.g.: There was n’t a single boat on the lake.merely = only not merely (=not only)… but alsoswallow (up): eat up without biting; believe or absorb without thinking or reasoninge.g.: I trusted her so much that I could have swallowed any story she told me.appeal to:be attractive or interesting to迎合, 引起…的兴趣e.g.: Korea films always appeal to young people.a)appeal to the court (向法院起诉)b)appeal to history (引证历史)c)appeal to the public (向大众呼吁)d)appeal to force (求助于武力)mentality (U): way of thinking思维方式the twentieth-century mentality二十世纪的思维方式exaggerate (vi. & vt.): overstate夸张, 夸大其词e.g.:Be honest, and don’t exaggerate your sales achievement.…something in: some truth or value in有些对或道理e.g.: There is something/nothing/everything in your answer. Pattern:be worth + 动名词(主动)表示被动含意e.g.: The book is worth / deserves / merits reading twice.follow up: study, investigate, find out more about 探究, 探讨e.g.: They follow up the matter until they got results.for the sake of = for …’s sakee.g.: One should never do wrong for the sake of money (= for money’s sake).throw light on:explain; make (a situation) clearer解释,阐明1.The new facts throw some light on /upon the matter.2.No one could say how the magician (魔术师) was able to pulla rabbit out of his hat until he later threw light on his tricks. speak of 提及, 谈论and so forth = and so on 等等ocular (adj.): of, for , by the eyes ocular proof 目睹证据= witness = evidence based on seeing = evidence on the spotnot …but…不是…而是: He is not a lawyer but a doctor.I am not speaking of … but (I am speaking) ofLines 14 - 27Note: as for 只能用在句首as to 既可用在句首, 又可用在句中1.As for ( As to)his father, I don’t know him at all2.I am in doubt as to his nationality. / Nothing as to his past isknown.the Flat Earth theory地平说refute (vt.):prove (sb) to be mistaken or (a statement) to be untrue驳斥, 证实…错误seashore:seaside, beach mast船桅funnel: chimney烟囱visible (adj.) --- invisible (adj.)invisible ship: ship which is out of the sightinvisible trade:exchange of services (for money) in business trade 无形贸易visible trade: import or export / exchange of physical goods有形贸易passing along the horizon在地平线上航行horizontal (analysis)横向分析--- vertical (analysis)纵向分析phenomenon现象(单数) phenomena (复数)assume: suppose假定, 假设以为be explained by assuming用假设解释curved (adj.):bending曲线的, 弯曲的 a curved line 曲线spherical (adj.): shaped like a ball球状的, 球形的earth sphere地球仪follow (vi.) 因为(由…推断)Pattern: It follows +from +n. + that…由此而断定(而推断)e.g.: From this witness it follows that he must be guilty. Pattern:It does not follow that …不能由此而断定(而推断) e.g.: Because he is kind, it does not follow that he is wise.the Oval (卵形, 椭圆形) Earth theory地球卵形说Pattern: claim + that …: claim to be…声称, 断言be shaped like…:形状象… The flower is shaped like a bird. What can I say against (=refute) it?play cards打牌play the first card打出第一张牌: The figure of speech (修辞)is often used by someone presenting an argument point by point.…the first card I can play:…the first point I can make to support my argumentplay the first card against sth针对某事打出第一张牌…the analogy (类比, 类推) of the sun and moon:the act of comparing the earth to the sun and moonby analogy with, on the analogy of:依…类推e.g.:He can be admitted into Fudan University on the analogy of his testing results.promptly (ad.): at once, immediatelyby my own observation 根据我自己的观察(此处为插入语) body (C) 物体, 实体heavenly bodies天体a solid (liquid) body may well be/do 合理地,可能地may perfectly well be完全可能是…1.His graduation paper may perfectly well be copied downfrom the intranet.2.The three-month military training may well work a changein his living habits.disc =disk圆盘(状的东西)I have no answer to that one. 我对此无言以答…he goes on (continue to say)(此处是插入语)the same…as和…相同NOTE:too 用于肯定句either用于否定句e.g.: 1.He is a student too. 2.I can’t attend your party either. Lines 28 – 41cast (cast, cast): send (light, shadow, etc.) on a surfacee.g.: The candle cast a flickering light on the wall.… when (it is) cast on the moon eclipse (日, 月的) 蚀a solar (lunar) eclipse;日(月)蚀 a total eclipse全蚀take sth blindly from 盲目接受science booklets科普小册子Defeated in the minor exchanges: Defeated in the two less important rounds of debate minor exchanges几个小小的回合/交锋trump: (纸牌中的) 王牌, 将牌play one’s trump card打出王牌, 使出绝招the Astronomer Royal英国格林威治皇家天文台台长…covers the queen with his king用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”牌cover:(in card games) to play a higher card than (the card played by the other party)and would I even know a way of testing it?再说,我知道怎样检验吗? bring out: show, produce ace:“A”牌, 爱司王牌1.Suddenly the man brought out a gun and threatened thetaxi-driver with it.2.It did not take the police long to bring out the truth.foretell (vt.): predict; say in advancee.g.:It used to be a popular belief that we could foretell (=predict)a person’s future o n the basis of the date and time of his birth.suggest (此处是)说明, 表明(从句中不用虚拟语气)pretty sound = quite perfect相当可靠impeccable (adj.)完美无瑕的to one’s delight(插入语)令某人高兴的是Pattern: be justified in doing sth. / in sth.有理由的, 做…是理所当然的1.You are justified in saying so.2.If this is the case, he is fully justified in blaming her (=hasevery reason to blame her).say-so (n.) 说法, 如此说, 论断accept one’s say-so about Lines 42 - 62bang goes…:表示突然之间, 什么东西都化为了泡影then bang goes my ace (倒装句) = then my ace bang goes: then I lose my acee.g.: I’ve broken my leg, so bang goes playing basketball.sail (vt. & vi.): 乘船旅行(n.)船杋e.g.: At what time the ship sails ( or pulls up the sails)?by calculation通过计算(v.) calculateaim (vi.) at sth / doing sth目的/标在于; 瞄准…1.Their recent hard study aims at passing CET Band 4.2.His gun aims at t he bird on the tree.I believe that finishes (=overcome completely; kill)the Oval Earth man:I believe this last argument of mine completely defeats the Oval Earth man.counter (n.): a return attack 还击, 反对Compare:anti-(后跟概念性词)/counter(后跟的词表示动作或行为)e.g.: anti-revolution; counter-revolutionaryanti-war; anti-science; But,counter-attack; counter-run precarious (adj.):insecure; depending upon only assumption 不安全的, 靠不住的= not dependableexceptionally(=unusually, extremely) elementary(=basic, fundamental, essential) (异常)非常基本的fall back on: turn to for help, usu. when all else has failed依靠,依赖1. He is a man to fall back on in an emergency.2.If this plan fails, there are other plans we can fall back on. pronouncement = statement公告，声明much (adv.)修饰比较级或最高级1. She is much better now.2. This is much the best.rest on: rely on; be based on依靠, 依赖e.g.: No one challenged him because his arguments rested onsound facts.reasoning (U)推理, 推论; experiment= test实验; authority权威e.g.:He / (This book) is an authority on English grammar. otherwise (adv.): in a different wayAnd how can it be otherwise不这样, 又有什么别的法子呢range (U):范围 e.g.: This is beyond my range of knowledge. ignoramus: an ignorant person 无知的人stray (vi.) (stray away from …):wander away; move away from the subject走离,离题specialty: a special field of study专业; 专攻profession /major not bother to do sth不愿费心去干某事would not even bother to do不屑一顾e.g.: I never bother to iron my shirt.weak arguments无力的论据outline (vt.):indicate the main ideas or facts of 概述if pressed further是if they were pressed further的省略Patterns of “press”1.Catching her hand, she pressed (vt.) the money into it.2.The crowd pressed (vi.) forward to see the film star.3.He pressed his girl friend to come with him. (press sb to do)4.We are pressed for time and money. (缺乏…)5.They are pressing for a decision to be made. (敦促;急切要求) Note: in a way在某种程度上in the way妨碍, 碍事1.In a way I agree with your estimation of the situation.2.Your car is in the way, will you pull it aside?a credulous (adj.: arising from credulity)age一个轻信/易受骗的时代e.g. Only a credulous person would believe your stories.be partly responsible (for sth.) 负部分责任Pattern: be responsible (to sb) for sthto carry a burden承担起一个负担(这里用作比喻)e.g.: The old woman doesn’t want to be a burden on anyone. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have to carry is partly responsible: This is an age in which people tend to believe whatever they are told, and one reason for this is that now we have inherited so much knowledge.Key to exercisesII. Comprehension of the Text (PP. 57 – 58)1.Choose the best answer for each of the following:1. B2. C3. C4. A5. D6. D7. B8. DIII. Vocabulary (PP. 59 – 61)1.Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a wordor phrase chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill box. Change the forms where necessary.1. cited2. as for3. exaggerate4. Statements5. preface6. justified7. horizon8. authority9. follow up 10. advanced11. and so forth 12. threw light on 13. pressing 14. burden2.Replace the italicized parts in the following sentences with wordsor phrases chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill box:1. refuted2. swallowed3. predict4. outlined5. proof6. For the sake of7. advanced8. cited9. In a way 10. cast 11. promptly 12. appealed toplete the following sentences with appropriate phrasal verbsformed from the verbs given below:1. rested on2. fall back on3. appeal to4. followed (it) up5. was straying from6. aimed at7. started off8. bring out 4.Paraphrase the following sentences, using the words or phrasesin brackets:1.If the door was not opened by force, it follows that the burglarhad a key.2.Children tend to be credulous because they have not had muchexperience in the real world.3.The information the police had just obtained threw light on themystery of the stolen antiques.4.The three-month military training may well work a change inhis living habits.5.If this is the case, he is fully justified in blaming her.IV. Enriching Your Word Power (PP. 61 – 63)1. anklet: a band worn around the anklebrooklet: a little brookstarlet: a little starstreamlet: a little stream2.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the formswhere necessary.1. forecasts2. forefathers3. foresight4. foregoing5. forerunner6. foretell / forecast3.Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the above list:1. sun, solar2. dental3. mental4. paternal, maternal5. moon, lunar6. annual, year7. night, nocturnal8. aural9. fraternal 10. ocular / eyeV. Usage (pp. 63 – 65)Leave out words in the following sentences that may be left out:1.John won’t like it but Jack will like it.2.She was poor but she was honest.3.I’ve explained more than once and I’m not going to explainagain.4.Is it a color film or a black and white film?5.Having washed and having changed, Linda went out on theverandah.6.His aunt and his uncle had to work long hours to keep body andsoul together.7.Do you want to buy seats in the orchestra (正厅前座) or in thebalcony (楼厅包厢)?8.I should have lent her the money and I should have helped herout of the difficulty.9.Joe hid his face behind his newspaper lest he should have tospeak to acquaintances and lest he should expose his uneasiness.10.When Sarah was finally reunited with her children at the airportthey kissed each other and hugged each other.VI. S tructure (pp. 65 - 66)plete the following sentences, using it does not follow that…and the hints in brackets:1)Because he is good, it does not follow that he is bright.2)Just because she failed the exam, it does not follow that shehas no brains.3)Joan has been to France many a time, but it does not followthat she has obtained a good command of French.4)It’s true that Ben’s got a better job, it does not follow thathe’ll be paid more.2.Make sentences after the model:1.I’m sure Jim w ill come if asked.2.No artistic creation can achieve greatness if divorced from life.3.This hotel, if not well managed, will yield little profit.4.Joe was shocked to learn that his illness could result in totalblindness if left untreated.3.Rewrite the following sentences after the model:1.To her horror, Mrs. Pride saw her neighbor killed in broaddaylight.2.To our amazement,we heard the 70-year-old man had beatenthe young athlete in the match.3.To his surprise, Ted found that his learned cousin knew verylittle about the subject.4.To her great relief, Mrs. Dane found her husband unhurt in thetraffic accident.5.To my deep regret, I won’t be able to attend the ceremony.6.To their dismay, the travelers found the bridge had been washedaway.VII. Cloze (pp. 67 - 68)1. Complete the following passage with words or phrases chosen from the Words &Phrases to Drill box. Change the forms where necessary 1. starts off2. superstitious3. promptly4. exaggerates5. fall back on6. authorities7. aim at8. outlines9. throwing light on 10. rests on 11. credulous 12. burden2. Fill in the missing words:1. where2. by3. you4. don’t5. come6. That’s7. change 8. over 9. even 10. reason 11. understate12. someone 13. task / thing 14. way 15. no 16. much 17. no 18. position 19. those 20. can 21. an 22. little 23. on 24. hopeVIII. Translation (p. 68)Turn the following sentences into English, using as many of the words and phrases you have learned from the text as possible:1.In the preface to one of his plays, Bernard Shaw advances theidea that people are more superstitious today than they were in the Middle Ages.2.After her husband died, she had to bear the severe financialburdens of raising five children by herself.3.One of the best ways to prove or refute a point is to cite examplesfrom your own experience.4.Hunt’s statement that Betty always exaggerates his faults maywell lead to a quarrel.5.I trusted her so much that I would have swallowed any story shetold me.6.When the family gathered to discuss matters of finance, Fatherstarted off by saying that it was absolutely necessary to set asid e some money each month, for in an emergency we could fall back on our savings.Key to Reading ActivityExercise A (p. 73)1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FExercise B (pp. 74 - 75)1. B2. D3. A4. A5. D6. C7. D8. B9. A 10. B。
大学英语精读_大学英语(第四册)
幸存; 残
存; 幸存
survival [səˈvaivəl] 物
n. 生产力;
生产率;
productivi [ˌprɔdʌkˈti 多产; 生
ty
viti]
产能...
adj. 基本
的; 重要
fundamen [ˌfʌndəˈm 的; 根本
tal
entəl] 的 n...
[ɡəu
go round raund] 到处走动
harm audience
[hɑ:m] [ˈɔ:djəns]
vt. 损害; 伤害 n. 有 害的东 西;... n. 观众; 听众; 陈 述意见的 机会
vt. 咆哮着
说 v.&n.
snarl
[snɑ:l] 纠缠; 混...
n. 奖金;
红利; 额
bonus [ˈbəunəs] 外津贴
adj. 沉思
的; 思考
nutritious [nu:ˈtrɪʃəs] 的
curve
[kə:v]
vt. 使成曲 线 vt.&vi. (使)...
follow
vi. 结果产 [ˈfɔləu] 生; 得出
spherical
oval card analogy be at
adj. 球形 的; 球面 [ˈsfɪərɪkəl] 的 adj. 卵形 的(东西); 椭圆的(东 [ˈəuvəl] 西... n. 卡片; 名片; 纸 [kɑ:d] 牌 n. 类似; [əˈnæ 相似; 类 lədʒi] 比; 类推 忙于; 专 [bi: æ t] 注于
n. (缩)广
ad
[æ d]
告
inform [inˈfɔ:m] vt. 告知
大学英语精读第四册(教案)(可编辑修改word版)
Book4Unit 1 Big Bucks The Easy WayTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level:Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives:1.Help Ss get to know the lesson “No pains, no gains” and there is no “big bucks theeasy way”.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabulariesand required grammar points of the section.Words: cash, echo, competitive, leisurely, pain, sour, finance, marvelous, party, stack, cram, harm, minimum, range, thoughtful, deadline, inform, normally,sale, trash, delivery, inquire, odd, shrinkPhrases & Expressions: pull up, a piece of cake, even as, know better than, be at, make a dent, cut into, have no business, settle for, settle one’s account, quiteawhile, draw attention to, for sale, for rent, be done with, may as well Grammar: p143.About the reading, Ss should learn avoiding vocalization and inner speech.4.About the writing, Ss should learn word choice..5.About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 1 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I.Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)Montgomery Ward2)Sears,3)Roebuck2.Warm-up questions1)Do you depend on your parents financially?2)Is it easy to earn money by working part-time?3)Are there any easy ways to make much money?3.Key words and expressions:New words and old wordTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)U.S. dollar buckDoor handle doorknobUnhurried leisurelyRelaxed leisurelyProfitable lucrativeSent out deliverEndure live withBeg panhandleTell informFill cramTie bandIncrease reproduceExtra money bonusPart sectionA path walkAn easy job a piece of cakePay settleHave no reason have no businessCome to terms with settle forStrange oddMoney financeFinish be done with English and Chinese phrasesTeacher(Chinese) Students( English)考虑look into总是all the time可以容忍live with令我痛心it pains me易如反掌 a piece of cake壮汉 a big guy干快些get busy好几卡车的truck loads of百货商店department store廉价商店 a dime store小杂货店drug store汽车行auto store外卖餐馆takeout restaurant提高嗓门voice rises超过极限out of the range of恍然大悟work a profound change in 教会某人做人work a profound change inone’s personality 经过调解in mediation结账settle the account劳务支出labor cost相同数额 a like amount托某人做enlist sb. To doII.While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.Text and questions for discussionLines 1-91.what did the father tell his college sons to think about?(to deliver bags of magazines to make some of their own money.)2.what was the father worried about?( the sons would become used to or feel content with living by asking for money all the time.)Lines 10-221.why did the mother phone the father?( she wanted him to know what was going on at home.)2.How do you understand th e word “super” she snapped?( “super” means very good. But,she “snapped” it, which means she was veryangry. She was being sarcastic,i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.)3.can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up out front”?(Another truck has stopped outside in front of our hous to deliver more materials.) Lines 23-291.which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?( the Sunday Newspaper Company.)2.why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?( Each one was from a different company and had the ads the sons were required to deliver to 4000 houses.)3.why did he think so?( He had no idea of how much work it would mean.)Lines 30-35What did the father mean when he said “they are college men.”?He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with the situation.Lines 36-501.In what cases does people’s voice become unnaturally high and quavering?When they are excited, angry, upset and the like.2.what does “magazine sections” mean?Parts of magazines, 8 or 12 pages long.3.how many steps are there in the process before delivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661.what do you think of the father’s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2.why did the father say “That’s encouraging”?the sons were learning how to solve the problem of manpower shortage;they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lines.3.why did the mother say “it is very discouraging”?the measures weren’ working at all.Lines 67-771.what do you think of the father’s bonus program？It is reasonable and logical. Bonus is a popular incentive that management adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly get a big fish.2.did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obtained.3.why did the son answer “Yes,Sir”?he had come to realize it was a business and he took the father’s instructions as and order.Lines 78-861.what does “see the color of cash” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2.what’s the difference between the original payment and the demanded one?The original payment was five dollars per person, shile now they demanded five dollars per hour.3.who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Lines 87-94Why did the son think it “enough”?No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great effortsand they learnt a lot from the experience.Lines 95-1091.what did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They learnt to make their own money in order to avoid having to ask for moneyall the time.2.what were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family’s books.3.do you agree “you’re never done with books”?Yes. Because………No. because ………..3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III.Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the newwords.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.Summary questions and concluding remarks1)Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money forthemselves? Give reasons for your answer.I think it necessary…….because………..2)what do you think is needed in accomplishing something difficult?I think it is self-confidence, perseverance, co-operation or team work,reasonable management, strategies of solving problems, etc.3)what is the father’s tone in telling the story?The tone is light and ironic because the story is meant to be funny. The problem in the story was one that people think is very serious when it happens, but later they can laugh about.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to thenew words and topic.5.Exercise:Sentence making in dialoguesTeacher: now I’d like you to complete the following dialogues by making Sentences with the giver phrases.Pull up1.what do you ask your driver to do when you reach your destination?I ask the driver to pull up near the place I want to go.2.what does a bus driver do when a passenger wants to get off?He pulls up at a bus stop.3.what does the red light mean to a moving vehicle?It means that the vehicle must pull up at the zebra.A piece of cake1.can you recite the 26 English letters?Sure. It’s a piece of cake.2.do you think it difficult to use a tape recorder?No. it’s a piece of cake.Make a dent in1.have you finished your outline?No, I’ve hardly made a dent in it.2.How are you getting along with your project?We have made only a small dent in it.Cut into1.do you watch TV in your study period?No. that would cut into my study time.2.what cuts into the factory’s profit?The rise of the labor costs, material prices, the increased consumption of power, etc.Settle for1.if you can’t sell your bicycle at a high price, what will you do?I have to settle for a lower price.2.If you can’t get a well-paid job, will you settle for a lower-paid job? Might/may/could as well1.what do you suggest we do during the winter vacation?If you have nothing to do, you might as well take up a part-time job.2.what should I do if I can’t afford a house?You may as well rent an apartment and set aside your money for a new house.Unit 2 Deer and The Energy CycleTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.G et Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal’s living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-enery-life-death.2.A bout the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hencePhrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert into Grammar:3.About the reading, Ss should know the usage of dictionary.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence .5.About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I.Pre-reading Activities1.Warm-up questions1)Allow Ss to go over the text for 10 mins.2)Ask them to list the facts about the life of deer in the four seasonsrespectively.3)Sum up Ss’s results2.Introductory remarks:1)What do you think life depends on?Money, love, or something else?2)where does energy come from?Food, spirit, God, or what?3)w hat happens to life there is no food , or source of energy?if life useless after it comes to an end?4)Life is energy, isn’t it? What do you think?The planet we live on is made up of 2 major components: living organisms and inorganic substances. As far as living things are concerned, life spans vary. Some may live for thousands of years, while others live only a few seconds. Regardless of the this difference, every life develops from a lower stage to a higher stage until its death, and every species develops in this way, too. But what makes life perform in this way? What happens after life? Our earth has been functioning for billions of years. What ha s made it work for so long? Let’s have a careful study of the text 3.New words and phrases studyStudy of the words and phrasesNew words and old wordsTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)tendency turn of mindmoney currencychange into convert intoautumn fallsomething stored reservesrare scarceto satisfy the demands to meet the needsarea regionplentiful amplepossessions resourcestore depositspend expendsleepy drowsybecome liquid meltat the same time meanwhilebasic fundamentaltherefore hencecollect accumulateinside internalsmall wooden house cabinEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)注重/有……的倾向 a … turn of mind生态系统an ecological system 倚赖to depend on年复一年from year to year尽可能多as much as one can旺季times of plenty储存的脂肪reserves of fat/stored fat 不甚出名,鲜为人知less well known能说明问题的例子 a good case in point 营养食品nutritious food生理成熟physically mature生育to give birth to食物资源food resources熬过冬天to survive the winter/to pull through the winter 大雪deep snow小雪light snow基本规律 a fundamental ruleII.While-reading Activities1.Text and questions for discussion .Lines 1-61.what does “love makes the world go round” mean?People with a romantic turn of mind think that love, romantic love, is what makes life worth living..2.why does the author say that energy is the “currency” of the ecological system?An ecological system is all the plants, animals and people, and their surroundings, considered as a whole, In the commercial world, money is the currency , or means of survival. For life, the most important support is food, the source of energy for life, which allows growth, reproduction, and survival.Lines 7-121. what do wild animals do with the food in different seasons? Why do they do so?Wild animals seem to know when there will be plenty of food and when therewon’t. so they eat as much as they can when there is plenty of food so that they can become fat and strong and grow well. In winter, they have little to eat. But they do not starve because the fat they have stored in their bodies brings themthrough this hard time.Lines 13-221. what does “ this is good timing” mean?This means that the female deer uses the most suitable seasons, i.e.summer and fall, for the birth of fawns and the production of milk because both the conception and production cost the female deer much energy and in both seasons there is plenty of food, which meet the deer’s physical needs.Lines 23-311. to what does the author compare the process of fat reserving?A bank savings account, from which one can draw when he needs the money. Lines 32-441.what is the phenomenon of lowering metabolism?The heart rate slows. The animal becomes slow and drowsy. Therefore, the use of and need for energy is reduced.2.what protects the deer from cold winter? How does it work?They undergo physical and internal physiological changes, i.e. the hair growth andthe slow metabolism. The thick hair keeps the deer warm and the slow metabolism makes the deer consume less energy, which is stored in the form of fat for use when they need it for growth.Lines 45-561.what decreases as winter progresses?T he deer’s activities.2.why were people advised to behave like that?To use less oil and electricity for conserving energy to pull through the crisis.3.what does the author imply by “watched the deer”?He implies that men can learn from the deer to reduce unnecessary cost of energy. Lines 57-641.“…to pull them through”. Can you say it in other words?…to help them survive the winter.2.what is the fundamental rule of life?The more fat the deer reserve, the more chance there is for them to survive the crises. Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.3.Is the fundamental rule of life applicable to human beings?Yes. If we human beings do not protect nature and ourselves by saving energy, we will be punished by nature and will eventually be wiped out from this planet. Lines 65-681.what is the life cycle?Food-energy-life-survival-reproduction-death-food-energy-other life… .Food –energy-seek more food-new energy-food…..Energy is vital to our world. But energy is not always plentiful. The supply can vary, either seasonally or for other reasons. Some animals, the white-tailed deer, for instance, have developed natural ways or varying their own use of energy with the variations of the supply. Human beings can and should learn this lesson for their own survival.2.Teacher explains the key points in detailsturn of mind1.what is your turn of mind?I have a logical turn of mind, or literary/critical/philosophic/humorous/optimisticturn of mind.2.what kind of person is likely to create things?A person of a creative turn of mind is likely to create things.3.what words can you use to describe people of different turns of mind?Down-to-earth, poetic, business-like, humorous, etc.Depend on1.How do crops grow?They depend on the sunlight,water, and fertilizer for growth.2.How are the prices of commodities set?They mainly depend on the relation between demand and supply.A case in point1.can you give an example of a successful person?Yes. A case in point is Thomas Edison, a great inventor.2.can anything heavier than air stay in the sky?Yes. A case in point is the helicopter.3.How can we conclude that a person is selfish.A case in point is…Meet…needs1.why do people drink so much water on the sports ground?They have to meet their body’s needs for water as they play in the sun.2.why does a factory install another assembly line?They want to meet the needs of increasing production.Draw on1.How can a good writer write so many interesting stories?He draws on his experience, knowledge, observation, perception and interpretation of life for the material of his stories.2.How can a person put forward such a peculiar idea?I think he’s drawn on his imagination.Slow down1.what is a driver expected to do if a police car comes towards or follows him/her?He/she is expected to slow down and then stop by the road side.2.what does a runner do after he passes the finish line?He slows down and stops.Pull through1.what should you do in face of difficulties?I should use my skills, work hard,and sometimes I should take somebody’s advice.This might help to pull me through the difficulties.2.why was the little boy, Schatz,waiting for death?He believed he had a fatally high temperature and would not pull through.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III.Post-reading Activities1.L et the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.S s discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.L et Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the newwords and topic.Unit 3 Why Do We Believe That The Earth Is Round? Teaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ leve l: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the author’s purpose is to teach Ss to have a correct attitude towards knowledge and accepting of knowledge by taking the examples of other’s arguments of the shape of Earth.2 About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: preface, remark, cite, exaggerate, mast, appeal, analogy, cast, precarious, produce, burden, botherPhrases & Expressions: appeal to, follow up, for the sake of, throw light on, shaped like, cast on, fall back on, stray away from,Grammar:3.About the reading, Ss should know the reading skills of telling difference bwteenfacts and opinion sentences.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence.5.About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 3 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I.Pre-reading Activities1.B ackground information1)George Orwell2)George Bernard Shaw3)The Flat Earth Theory and the Round Earth Theory4)Eclipses5)Playing Cards6)Comrade Mao Tse-tung on knowledge, on Direct Experience andIndirect Experience2.warm- up questions and introductory remarks1)Do you believe that the earth is round? Why?Yes, I do, because science proves that it is true.2)Have you heard of other conclusions about the shape of the earth?What are they? Why don’t you believe them?Yes. The earth was said to be flat or oval. I don’t believe them because the photos from satellites or the scenes of eclipses show that it’s round.2) why is “the earth is round” put in a question?3.K ey words and expressions:study of the words and phrasesnew words and old wordsteacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)forward prefacesay,argue remarkquote citesimply merelyaccept without question swallowoverstate exaggerateattract appeal tofor the good of for the sake ofpole on a ship mastbend curvecomparison analogyquickly promptlyround plate discthrow castgo to aim atinsecure precariousturn to for help fall back onin another way otherwisemove from stray away fromshow produceload burdentake trouble botherEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)在某处somewhere or other序言the preface to中世纪the middle ages普遍认为the widespread belief that 普通人the ordinary citizen迎合口味appeal to我的…完蛋了bang goes my…求助于fall back on不屑一顾would not even bother to 反驳say…against天体heavenly body由此可见it will be seen that靠不住的理由precarious reasons知识面the range of knowledge 无力的论据weak argumentII.While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.T explains the text in details.Appeal to1.do detective films appeal to you?Yes, ….No, … .2.what kinds of books appeal most to youth?Books on …3.why are children’s clothes colorful?Bright and colorful clothes usually appeal to children.Follow up1.what do the police do if a case is reported to them?They follow up the case.2.what do you do if you read an interesting story series on a newspaper?I follow it up.For the sake of1.what do people usually do for the sake of health?They eat healthy food, do exercises and don’t smoke,don’t…2.why is it necessary to widen the streets?It’s necessary to widen the streets for the sake of a smoother flow of traffi c. Throw light on1.what is the use of the background knowledge of a story?It throws light on it.2.why are illustrations, data and charts or tables necessary in scientific reports orbusiness presentations?They throw light on the reports and presentations.Shaped like1.Why is a UFO also called a flying saucer?It is shaped like a saucer.2.what is a space shuttle like?It is shaped like a huge plane.Cast on1. what can you see on a moon-lit night in the open?I can see my shadow cast on the ground.I can see the shadows of the trees cast on the wall/window.Fall back on1.why do you set aside some money every month?I set aside some money every month so that I can fall back on it if I get sick orbecome unemployed.2.what do you do when you get lost in a new city?I fell back on the police.Stray away from1.what must you bear in mind when you walk along a path in an area of swamp?I must not stray away from the path.2.what kind of people don’t you like to talk to?I don’t like to talk to those who often stray away from the topic.Text and questions for discussionLines1-71.why is “ Saint Joan” in italics?It is the name of a play. See note 3 in your textbook.2.who is Bernard Shaw?See Note 4 in your textbook. He is widely considered the treatest British dramatist since Shakespeare. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. For more details, refer to Note 1,2. in Teacher’s book.3.what do “gullible and superstitious” mean?Gullible means willing to believe anything or anyone, easily deceived.“superstitious” means willing to believe something that cannot be explained by reason or science or that brings good or bad luck.4.can you paraphrase “swallows this theory”?accepting the theroy blindly without questioning and suspicions.Lines 8-131.what does “it” refer to in the sentence “ the light it throws on modernknowledge”?It refers to “ the question”2.what is the question that is worth following up?Are we too gullible and superstitious today?3.why does the author only tend to speak of ordinary men when answering why webelieve that the earth is round?Ordinary men don’t have the espertise to prove it scientifically.Lines 14-191.why is a distant ship invisible but its mast and funnel can be seen from theseashore?Look at the picture on the next page.2.can you paraphrase “what can I say against it?”I can refute the Flat Earth theory but I need more proofs to refute the Oval Earththeory.Lines 20-261.does the author really “play cards”?no. this is a figure of speech used to mean preenting an argument point by point.“the first card I can play” means the first pointi can make to support my argument.2.what does “analogy of the sun and moon” mean?To compare the earth to the sun and the moon.Lines 27-311.when does a lunar eclipse occur?When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and blocks the sunlight, or casts its shadow onto the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.e the Oval Earth theory to refute the author’s eclipse argument.The shadow cast on the moon is round, but it doesn’t follow that the earth isspherical. It may perfectly well be flat like a disc.3.what is the author’s argument about the eclipses based on?Publications, such as newspapers and magazines.Lines 32-391.what does the author mean by “ the minor exchanges?”the less important points of debate.2.what does the author think of his previous defeats?He considers them minor/unimportant points, and he is hopeful to win in thedebate.3.who is Royal?See note 6.4.which is higher, Queen,King, or Ace?King is higher than Queen,and Ace is higher than King.5.can you paraphrase the last sentence?Refer to note 23.Lines 40-461.what does “bang goes my ace” mean?My ace doesn’t work. I lose my ace. My argument isn’t conclusive.2.what does the author think of his “ last card”?he believes that the last point of his argument defeats the Oval Earth man. Lines 47-601.what does the author think of his evidence?He doesn’t think it convincing enough.2.what does “an exceptionally elementary piece of information” mean?A piece of information that everyone knows.3.what is this piece of information?The earth is round.4.can you use a Chinese saying to explain “when the range of knowledge is so vasthat the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty”?隔行如隔ft5.what does “ credulous” mean?Ready to believe, without evidence.3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)Summary questions and Concluding remarks1.what cards does the author play to refute opinions different from his?The phenomenon of the seashore view, the analogy of the sun and the moon, the earth’s shadow, the newspapers and books, the opinions of the experts, andnavigation.2.do you have any other cards to support the author?High above on a plane, we can see the curved horizon, still higher above in a space ship, astronauts tell us that the earth is round, like a ball. Pictures taken from spaceships or sky labs show the earth in no other shape than spherical.3.can you sum up the main idea of this text?III.Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.S s discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.L et Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.Unit 4 Jim ThorpeTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.G et Ss to know Thorpe’s experiences before and after his career success and the influence of racial discrimination towards American Indians.2.A bout the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: await, arrival, beat, opponent, bunk, strain, utterly, glide, bewildered, desert, declinePhrases & Expressions: build on, breeze through, catch up withGrammar:3.About the reading, Ss should know the usage skimming.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know how to write a recount.5.About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 4 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I.Pre-reading Activities1.B ackground information2.I ntroductory remarks: This is a well-known story. The story may not be true,3.Warm-up questions1)who was Jim Thorpe?He was an American Indian, was a great athlete. He won both the pentathlon and the decathlon, the two most demanding Olympic events, in the 1912 Stockholm Olympic Games.2)C an you say anything about Olympic Games?---what is the symbol?Five interlocking circles,red,blue, yellow, black and green, on a white fieldrepresenting the continents of the world joined in friendship.3)w hat is the motto?。
College English (4-2)大学英语精读第四册
Unit 2: Deer and the Energy Cycle Introductory RemarksLife depends on energy. All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, and so do all other animals. Calling energy the currency of the ecological system, Prof. Moen argues that it is neither love nor money but energy that makes the world go round.However, our energy sources are limited and, to make matters worse, we are rapidly using up our energy supplies. It is extremely important therefore that we conserve the supplies we have so as to make them last as long as possible.In this article Prof. Moen describes in great detail the life of deer round the year and the various means by which they survive the hard winter. When he concludes by saying “it is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter,” he is actually leading us to the question: If deer can do that, why not we human beings? Prefacedeer (单复数同形) e.g.: a deer; a herd of deermale deer--hart--buck公鹿;雄鹿;female deer--hind--doe雌鹿; fawn幼鹿; venison鹿肉energy crisis能源危机essay 散文Minnesota明尼苏达州(美国的州名)Pattern:observe + wh-word clause; observe sb do / doing sth survive (vt. & vi.): keep /remain alive from the danger or risk 1.The house survived the earthquake / survived in theearthquake.2.She survived her husband for ten years. (=live longer than) conserve: keep or store保存; 储存turn out: prove to be; become as a result of 证明是; 结果是1.That expensive watch turns out (to be) a counterfeit product.2.It turns out that his method does not work well.be applicable to 对…适用;apply … to …Compare: applicable --- practical --- feasibleDeer and the Energy Cycle鹿与能量循环Lines 1 – 13go round 运转romantic1.浪漫的2.不实在的(not practical) = impractical practical 实在的; 实际的turn of mind 性情; 素质1.She is of a cheerful turn of mind. 她性情(生性)开朗2.Mr. Smith is of a scholarly turn of mind. 史密斯先生有学者气质But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round.表语从句里是一句强调句ecological system= ecosystem生态系统ecology (n.)生态convert…into:change…into转化/转变成e.g.: Coal can be converted into gas by burning.convert … to: 皈依(宗教; 信仰)1.That young widow has been converted to Buddhism.2.We’ll soon convert him to our way of thinking.paper /foreign/hard/soft currency (硬通货;软通货)in turn依此; 反过来:e.g.: Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.On this cycle all life depends.(倒装句):All life depends on this cycle. from year to year = year after yeartimes of plenty旺季fall (AmE) = autumnstoring the excess (=surplus)hard time s艰难时刻reserves (=storage) of fat 储存的脂肪in the form of 以…的方式when food is scarce (=lacking, not enough)Note:spend …(in) doing sth; spend…to do sth(不定式做目的状语)Compare:finish / stop doing sth;finish / stop to do sthe.g.: Let us stop / finish (our work) to have a coffee break. Lines 14 – 33a (good) case in point: a good example of what is being talked about一个恰当的/有说服力的例子e.g.: He is rather selfish. His unwillingness to help his friend is acase in point.plenty of后面可跟可数复数与不可数名词nutritious (adj.) 有营养的nutrition (n.)营养品available:常作后置定语e.g.: They read all books available. Compare: available --- accessible --- obtainablephysically (bodily) mature(fully grown or developed) 生理成熟的Note: This draft will be mature / due or expire tomorrow. condition 1. 用于指具体的情况，条件时，一般用复数形式e.g.: in difficult conditions; under present conditions2. 通常表示笼统的状况，用单数 e.g.: He is in (good/poor) condition.conceive:be pregnantgive birth to (生育; 生下)two fawns (幼鹿)Compare: 1.search for … 2.search … for …1.The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.2.The police are searching the mountain for the murderer. Compare: necessary --- indispensableNote: be indispensable to = be a must to / formeet…need(s)= meet … demands满足…需要occur (vi.): happen; take placetiming (U):时间的安排; 时机的选择e.g.: ______ (Time / Timing)is very important when you are involved in the stock market.energy consuming process消耗能量的过程Pattern: 1. require sth of sb; 2. require sb. to do sth.meet … cost满足…开支ample: enough /sufficient e.g.: There is ample space for a garage. Note: food resources食物资源food sources食物来源progress (vi.) : advancee.g.: The work is progressing / advancing steadily.be (become) dependent (adj.)on / upon:depend (vi.) on / upon adult (grown-up) males 雄性成鹿grow antler s长鹿角Pattern: continue doing /to dodeposit:keep store 储存; Deposit(=save) the money in your bank-note / bank account.body fat体内脂肪Compare: in the case of就…而言;至于; in case (of)万一;如果…doe: a fully-grown female deer does = doe +sa great deal of修饰不可数 e.g.: a great deal of water / milk expend (vt.):(more formal than spend or use up)花费(时间,精力,金钱)，消费，用尽(on or in +n.)accumulate (v.): gather or collect (little by little) 积累；积存Note: bank note 存折bank account帐户;存款draw on利用; 支取draw (vt.) (=take) money from the bankLines 34 - 48spot (n.)斑点; 现场(on the spot)spotted (adj.)有斑点的Fawns lose their spotted coat. 幼鹿失去有斑点的皮毛。
大学英语精读第四册(教案)
Book4Unit 1 Big Bucks The Easy WayTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Help Ss get to know the lesson “No pains, no gains” and there is no“big bucks the easy way”.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basicvocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: cash, echo, competitive, leisurely, pain, sour, finance, marvelous, party, stack, cram, harm, minimum, range, thoughtful,deadline, inform, normally, sale, trash, delivery, inquire, odd,shrinkPhrases & Expressions: pull up, a piece of cake, even as, know better than, be at, make a dent, cut into, have no business, settle for,settle one’s account, quite awhile, draw attention to, for sale,for rent, be done with, may as wellGrammar: p143. About the reading, Ss should learn avoiding vocalization and innerspeech.4. About the writing, Ss should learn word choice..5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 1 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)Montgomery Ward2)Sears,3)Roebuck2.Warm-up questions1)Do you depend on your parents financially?2)Is it easy to earn money by working part-time?3)Are there any easy ways to make much money?3.Key words and expressions:New words and old wordTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)U.S. dollar buckDoor handle doorknobUnhurried leisurelyRelaxed leisurelyProfitable lucrativeSent out deliverEndure live withBeg panhandleTell informFill cramTie bandIncrease reproduceExtra money bonusPart sectionA path walkAn easy job a piece of cakePay settleHave no reason have no business Come to terms with settle forStrange oddMoney financeFinish be done withEnglish and Chinese phrasesTeacher(Chinese) Students( English)考虑 look into总是 all the time可以容忍 live with令我痛心 it pains me易如反掌 a piece of cake壮汉 a big guy干快些 get busy好几卡车的 truck loads of百货商店 department store廉价商店 a dime store小杂货店 drug store汽车行 auto store外卖餐馆 takeout restaurant提高嗓门 voice rises超过极限 out of the range of恍然大悟 work a profound change in 教会某人做人 work a profound change inone’s personality 经过调解 in mediation结账 settle the account劳务支出 labor cost相同数额 a like amount托某人做 enlist sb. To doII. While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.Text and questions for discussionLines 1-91.what did the father tell his college sons to think about?(to deliver bags of magazines to make some of their own money.)2.what was the father worried about?( the sons would become used to or feel content with living by asking for money all the time.)Lines 10-221.why did the mother phone the father?( she wanted him to know what was going on at home.)2.How do you understand the word “super” she snap ped?( “super” means very good. But,she “snapped” it, which means she was very angry. She was being sarcastic,i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.)3.can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up outfront”?(Another truck has stopped outside in front of our hous to deliver more materials.)Lines 23-291.which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?( the Sunday Newspaper Company.)2.why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?( Each one was from a different company and had the ads the sons were required to deliver to 4000 houses.)3.why did he think so?( He had no idea of how much work it would mean.)Lines 30-35What did the father mean when he said “they are college men.”?He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with the situation.Lines 36-501.In what cases does people’s voice become unnaturally high andquavering?When they are excited, angry, upset and the like.2.what does “magazine sections” mean?Parts of magazines, 8 or 12 pages long.3.how many steps are there in the process before delivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661.what do you think of the father’s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2.why did the father say “That’s encouraging”?the sons were learning how to solve the problem of manpower shortage;they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lines.3.why did the mother say “it is very discouraging”?t he measures weren’ working at all.Lines 67-771.what do you think of the father’s bonus program？It is reasonable and logical. Bonus is a popular incentive that management adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly geta big fish.2.did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obtained.3.why did the son answer “Yes, Sir”?he had come to realize it was a business and he too k the father’s instructions as and order.Lines 78-861.what does “see the color of cash” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2.what’s the difference between the original payment and the demandedone?The original payment was five dollars per person, shile now they demanded five dollars per hour.3.who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Lines 87-94Why did the son think it “enough”?No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great efforts and they learnt a lot from the experience.Lines 95-1091.what did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They learnt to make their own money in order to avoid having to ask for money all the time.2.what were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family’s books.3.do you agree “you’re never done with books”?Yes. Because………No. because ………..3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are relatedto the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.Summary questions and concluding remarks1) Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money forthemselves? Give reasons for your answer.I think it necessary…….because………..2) what do you think is needed in accomplishing something difficult?I think it is self-confidence, perseverance, co-operation or teamwork, reasonable management, strategies of solving problems,etc.3)what i s the father’s tone in telling the story?The tone is light and ironic because the story is meant to be funny.The problem in the story was one that people think is very seriouswhen it happens, but later they can laugh about.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly relatedto the new words and topic.5. Exercise:Sentence making in dialoguesTeacher: now I’d like you to complete the following dialogues bymakingSentences with the giver phrases.Pull up1.what do you ask your driver to do when you reach your destination?I ask the driver to pull up near the place I want to go.2.what does a bus driver do when a passenger wants to get off?He pulls up at a bus stop.3.what does the red light mean to a moving vehicle?It means that the vehicle must pull up at the zebra.A piece of cake1.can you recite the 26 English letters?Sure. It’s a piece of cake.2.do you think it difficult to use a tape recorder?No. it’s a piece of cake.Make a dent in1.have you finished your outline?No, I’ve hardly made a dent in it.2.How are you getting along with your project?We have made only a small dent in it.Cut into1.do you watch TV in your study period?No. that would cut into my study time.2.what cuts into the factory’s profit?The rise of the labor costs, material prices, the increased consumption of power, etc.Settle for1.if you can’t sell your bicycle at a high price, what will you do?I have to settle for a lower price.2.If you can’t get a well-paid job, will you settle for a lower-paidjob?Might/may/could as well1.what do you suggest we do during the winter vacation?If you have nothing to do, you might as well take up a part-timejob.2.what should I do if I can’t afford a house?You may as well rent an apartment and set aside your money for anew house.Unit 2 Deer and The Energy CycleTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal’s living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-enery-life-death.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hence Phrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert into Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage of dictionary.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence .5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1. Warm-up questions1)Allow Ss to go over the text for 10 mins.2)Ask them to list the facts about the life of deer in the four seasonsrespectively.3)Sum up Ss’s results2. Introductory remarks:1) What do you think life depends on?Money, love, or something else?2) where does energy come from?Food, spirit, God, or what?3)what happens to life there is no food , or source of energy?if life useless after it comes to an end?4) Life is energy, isn’t it? What do you think?The planet we live on is made up of 2 major components: living organisms and inorganic substances. As far as living things are concerned, life spans vary. Some may live for thousands of years, while others live only a few seconds. Regardless of the this difference, every life develops from a lower stage to a higher stage until its death, and everyspecies develops in this way, too. But what makes life perform in this way? What happens after life? Our earth has been functioning for billions of years. What has made it work for so long? Let’s have a careful study of the text3. New words and phrases studyStudy of the words and phrasesNew words and old wordsTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)tendency turn of mindmoney currencychange into convert intoautumn fallsomething stored reservesrare scarceto satisfy the demands to meet the needs area regionplentiful amplepossessions resourcestore depositspend expendsleepy drowsybecome liquid meltat the same time meanwhilebasic fundamental therefore hencecollect accumulateinside internalsmall wooden house cabinEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)注重/有……的倾向 a … turn of mind生态系统 an ecological system 倚赖 to depend on年复一年 from year to year尽可能多 as much as one can旺季 times of plenty储存的脂肪reserves of fat/stored fat不甚出名,鲜为人知 less well known能说明问题的例子 a good case in point 营养食品 nutritious food生理成熟 physically mature生育 to give birth to食物资源 food resources熬过冬天 to survive the winter/to pull through the winter大雪 deep snow小雪 light snow基本规律 a fundamental ruleII. While-reading Activities1.Text and questions for discussion .Lines 1-61.what does “love makes the world go round” mean?People with a romantic turn of mind think that love, romantic love, is what makes life worth living..2.why does the author say that energy is the “currency” of theecological system?An ecological system is all the plants, animals and people, and their surroundings, considered as a whole, In the commercial world, money is the currency , or means of survival. For life, the most important support is food, the source of energy for life, which allows growth, reproduction, and survival.Lines 7-121.what do wild animals do with the food in different seasons? Why do theydo so?Wild animals seem to know when there will be plenty of food and when there won’t. so they eat as much as they can when there is plenty of food so that they can become fat and strong and grow well. In winter, they have little to eat. But they do not starve because the fat they have stored in their bodies brings them through this hard time. Lines 13-221.what does “ this is good timing” mean?This means that the female deer uses the most suitable seasons,i.e.summer and fall, for the birth of fawns and the production of milkbecause both the conception and production cost the female deer muchenergy and in both seasons there is plenty of food, which meet the deer’s physical needs.Lines 23-311.to what does the author compare the process of fat reserving?A bank savings account, from which one can draw when he needs the money. Lines 32-441.what is the phenomenon of lowering metabolism?The heart rate slows. The animal becomes slow and drowsy. Therefore, the use of and need for energy is reduced.2.what protects the deer from cold winter? How does it work?They undergo physical and internal physiological changes, i.e. the hair growth and the slow metabolism. The thick hair keeps the deer warm and the slow metabolism makes the deer consume less energy, which is stored in the form of fat for use when they need it for growth. Lines 45-561.what decreases as winter progresses?The deer’s activities.2.why were people advised to behave like that?To use less oil and electricity for conserving energy to pull through the crisis.3.what does the author imply by “watched the deer”?He implies that men can learn from the deer to reduce unnecessary cost of energy.Lines 57-641.“…to pull them through”. Can you say it in other words?…to help them survive the winter.2.what is the fundamental rule of life?The more fat the deer reserve, the more chance there is for them to survive the crises. Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.3.Is the fundamental rule of life applicable to human beings?Yes. If we human beings do not protect nature and ourselves by saving energy, we will be punished by nature and will eventually be wiped out from this planet.Lines 65-681.what is the life cycle?Food-energy-life-survival-reproduction-death-food-energy-otherlife… .Food –energy-seek more food-new energy-food…..Energy is vital to our world. But energy is not always plentiful. The supply can vary, either seasonally or for other reasons. Some animals, the white-tailed deer, for instance, have developed natural ways or varying their own use of energy with the variations of the supply. Human beings can and should learn this lesson for their own survival. 2. Teacher explains the key points in detailsturn of mind1.what is your turn of mind?I have a logical turn of mind, orliterary/critical/philosophic/humorous/optimistic turn of mind.2.what kind of person is likely to create things?A person of a creative turn of mind is likely to create things.3.what words can you use to describe people of different turns of mind?Down-to-earth, poetic, business-like, humorous, etc.Depend on1.How do crops grow?They depend on the sunlight,water, and fertilizer for growth.2.How are the prices of commodities set?They mainly depend on the relation between demand and supply.A case in point1.can you give an example of a successful person?Yes. A case in point is Thomas Edison, a great inventor.2.can anything heavier than air stay in the sky?Yes. A case in point is the helicopter.3.How can we conclude that a person is selfish.A case in point is…Meet…needs1.why do people drink so much water on the sports ground?They have to meet their body’s needs for water as they play in the sun.2.why does a factory install another assembly line?They want to meet the needs of increasing production.Draw on1.How can a good writer write so many interesting stories?He draws on his experience, knowledge, observation, perception and interpretation of life for the material of his stories.2.How can a person put forward such a peculiar idea?I think he’s drawn on his imagination.Slow down1.what is a driver expected to do if a police car comes towards or followshim/her?He/she is expected to slow down and then stop by the road side.2.what does a runner do after he passes the finish line?He slows down and stops.Pull through1.what should you do in face of difficulties?I should use my skills, work hard,and sometimes I should takesomebody’s advice. This might help to pull me through the difficulties.2.why was the little boy, Schatz,waiting for death?He believed he had a fatally high temperature and would not pull through.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related tothe new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly relatedto the new words and topic.Unit 3 Why Do We Believe That The Earth Is Round? Teaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the author’s purpose is to teach Ss to have a correct attitude towards knowledge and accepting of knowledge by taking the examples of other’s arguments of the shape of Earth.2 About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: preface, remark, cite, exaggerate, mast, appeal, analogy, cast, precarious, produce, burden, botherPhrases & Expressions: appeal to, follow up, for the sake of, throw light on, shaped like, cast on, fall back on, stray away from, Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the reading skills of tellingdifference bwteen facts and opinion sentences.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 3 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)George Orwell2) George Bernard Shaw3)The Flat Earth Theory and the Round Earth Theory4)Eclipses5)Playing Cards6)Comrade Mao Tse-tung on knowledge, on Direct Experience andIndirect Experience2. warm-up questions and introductory remarks1)Do you believe that the earth is round? Why?Yes, I do, because science proves that it is true.2) Have you heard of other conclusions about the shape of the earth?What are they? Why don’t you believe them?Yes. The earth was said to be flat or oval. I don’t believe them because the photos from satellites or the scenes of eclipses show that it’s round.2)why is “the earth is round” put in a question?3.Key words and expressions:study of the words and phrasesnew words and old wordsteacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)forward prefacesay,argue remarkquote citesimply merelyaccept without question swallowoverstate exaggerateattract appeal tofor the good of for the sake ofpole on a ship mastbend curvecomparison analogyquickly promptlyround plate discthrow castgo to aim atinsecure precariousturn to for help fall back onin another way otherwisemove from stray away fromshow produceload burdentake trouble botherEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)在某处 somewhere or other序言 the preface to中世纪 the middle ages普遍认为 the widespread belief that普通人 the ordinary citizen迎合口味 appeal to我的…完蛋了bang goes my…求助于 fall back on不屑一顾 would not even bother to反驳say…against天体 heavenly body由此可见 it will be seen that靠不住的理由 precarious reasons知识面 the range of knowledge无力的论据 weak argumentII. While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.T explains the text in details.Appeal to1.do detective films appeal to you?Yes, ….No, … .2.what kinds of books appeal most to youth?Books on …3.why are children’s clothes colorful?Bright and colorful clothes usually appeal to children.Follow up1.what do the police do if a case is reported to them?They follow up the case.2.what do you do if you read an interesting story series on a newspaper?I follow it up.For the sake of1.what do people usually do for the sake of health?They eat healthy fo od, do exercises and don’t smoke,don’t…2.why is it necessary to widen the streets?It’s necessary to widen the streets for the sake of a smoother flow of traffic.Throw light on1.what is the use of the background knowledge of a story?It throws light on it.2.why are illustrations, data and charts or tables necessary inscientific reports or business presentations?They throw light on the reports and presentations.Shaped like1.Why is a UFO also called a flying saucer?It is shaped like a saucer.2.what is a space shuttle like?It is shaped like a huge plane.Cast on1.what can you see on a moon-lit night in the open?I can see my shadow cast on the ground.I can see the shadows of the trees cast on the wall/window.Fall back on1.why do you set aside some money every month?I set aside some money every month so that I can fall back on it ifI get sick or become unemployed.2.what do you do when you get lost in a new city?I fell back on the police.Stray away from1.what must you bear in mind when you walk along a path in an area ofswamp?I must not stray away from the path.2.what kind of people don’t you like to talk to?I don’t like to talk to those who often stray away from the topic. Text and questions for discussionLines1-71.why is “ Saint Joan” in italics?It is the name of a play. See note 3 in your textbook.2.who is Bernard Shaw?See Note 4 in your textbook. He is widely considered the treatest British dramatist since Shakespeare. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. For more details, refer to Note 1,2. in Teacher’s book.3.what do “gullible and superstitious” mean?Gullible means willing to believe anything or anyone, easily deceived.“superstitious” means willing to believe something that cannot be explained by reason or science or that brings good or bad luck.4.can you paraphrase “swallows this theory”?accepting the theroy blindly without questioning and suspicions. Lines 8-131.what does “it” refer to in the sentence “ the light it throws onmodern knowledge”?It refers to “ the question”2.what is the question that is worth following up?Are we too gullible and superstitious today?3.why does the author only tend to speak of ordinary men when answeringwhy webelieve that the earth is round?Ordinary men don’t have the espertise to prove it scientifical ly. Lines 14-191.why is a distant ship invisible but its mast and funnel can be seenfrom the seashore?Look at the picture on the next page.2.can you paraphrase “what can I say against it?”I can refute the Flat Earth theory but I need more proofs to refutethe Oval Earth theory.Lines 20-261.does the author really “play cards”?no. this is a figure of speech used to mean preenting an argument point by point. “the first card I can play” means the first pointi can make to support my argument.2.what does “analogy of the sun and moon” mean?To compare the earth to the sun and the moon.Lines 27-311.when does a lunar eclipse occur?When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and blocks the sunlight, or casts its shadow onto the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.2.U se the Oval Earth theory to refute the author’s eclipse argument.The shadow cast on the moon is round, but it doesn’t follow that the earth is spherical. It may perfectly well be flat like a disc.3.what is the author’s argument about the eclipses based on?Publications, such as newspapers and magazines.Lines 32-391.what does the author mean by “ the minor exchanges?”the less important points of debate.2.what does the author think of his previous defeats?He considers them minor/unimportant points, and he is hopeful to win in the debate.3.who is Royal?See note 6.4.which is higher, Queen,King, or Ace?King is higher than Queen,and Ace is higher than King.5.can you paraphrase the last sentence?Refer to note 23.Lines 40-461.what does “bang goes my ace” mean?My ace doesn’t work. I lose my ace. My argument isn’t conclusive.2.what does the author think of his “ last card”?he believes that the last point of his argument defeats the Oval Earth man.Lines 47-601.what does the author think of his evidence?He doesn’t th ink it convincing enough.2.what does “an exceptionally elementary piece of information” mean?A piece of information that everyone knows.3.what is this piece of information?The earth is round.4.can you use a Chinese saying to explain “when the range of knowl edgeis so vas that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty”?隔行如隔山5.what does “ credulous” mean?Ready to believe, without evidence.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)Summary questions and Concluding remarks1.what cards does the author play to refute opinions different from his?The phenomenon of the seashore view, the analogy of the sun and the moon, the earth’s shadow, the newspapers and books, the opinions of the experts, and navigation.2.do you have any other cards to support the author?High above on a plane, we can see the curved horizon, still higher above in a space ship, astronauts tell us that the earth is round, like a ball. Pictures taken from spaceships or sky labs show the earth in no other shape than spherical.3.can you sum up the main idea of this text?III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related tothe new words and topic.Unit 4 Jim ThorpeTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know Thorpe’s experiences before and after his career success and the influence of racial discrimination towards American Indians.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: await, arrival, beat, opponent, bunk, strain, utterly, glide, bewildered, desert, declinePhrases & Expressions: build on, breeze through, catch up with Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage skimming.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know how to write a recount.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 4 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information2.Introductory remarks: This is a well-known story. The story may not be true,3.Warm-up questions1) who was Jim Thorpe?He was an American Indian, was a great athlete. He won both the pentathlon and the decathlon, the two most demanding Olympic events, in the 1912 Stockholm Olympic Games.2)Can you say anything about Olympic Games?---what is the symbol?。
(完整版)大学英语精读第四册翻译答案
Unit1翻译1) 我们接到通知，财政部长将于次日接见我们。
We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to give us an audience /receive us the next day.2) 我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。
I thought it odd that he didn't seem to remember his own birthday.3) 学期论文最迟应在下星期二交来，可是至今大部分学生却几无进展。
Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far.4) 看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。
(pain)It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking.5) 在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普遍起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式。
Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts.6) 该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的。
The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.Unit2翻译1) 比尔已是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他做主。
大学英语精读第四册第三版课后习题答案
大学英语精读第四册第三版课后习题答案Unitl1) thoughtful.2) might as well/may as well/could as well.3) draw your atte nti on to4) marvelous5) settle for6) done with7) Competitive competitive8) pain s/pa ined9) bonus10) shri nk11) delivery12) overheard13) sour14) for rent15) stack16) reproduce1) inqu ired2) in formed3) awful4) settle for5) trash6) claimed7) Normally8) a piece of cake9) be done with10) en able11) am en titled12) quite a while1) ask for2) was set up/has bee n set up3) pulled up4) gives off5) was held up6) keep up7) ran over8) made up9) be left out10) cut off1) It pained Jenny to learn of Jim's refusal to help her with the translation.2) The extra work to be assigned to you will greatly cut into your spare time.3) We'd bee n at the job for hours, but we hardly made a dent in it.4) You have no bus in ess say ing those n asty things about Dick.in teresti ng 5) Wemight as well listen to the radio program since there isn't anything on television.1) sta ndee2) payee3) gran tee4) addressee5) a pers on who is abse nt6) a pers on who is being trained7) a divorced pers on8) a pers on who is appo in ted1) output2) breakdow n3) setup4) Takeoff5) drawbacks6) breakthrough7) cutback8) takeover1) paper, store, shop, case, cream2) making, keep ing, bath ing, con diti oning, walk ing3) market, way, stop, board/smith, ground4) pill, water, material, point, machine5) pour, look/put/come, come,6) out, back/up, through/dow n/out1) a doze n years2) doze ns of times3) two doze n passe ngers4) doze ns of phone calls5) three doze n boxes6) a doze n bottles/a doze n bottles of wine1) a great deal of pain "has bee n caused by evils which have n ever happe ned"2) the elderly lady Miss Morris quarrelled with was none other than her future mother-i n-law3) this essay is well-writte n except for a few grammatical mistakes4) I just caught the train in time5) You can't eat your cake and have it too1) You ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal.2) Uncle Rob should have known better tha n to trust that treacherous son of his.3) Sally is old eno ugh to know better tha n to spe nd all her money on fancy goods.4) Miss Miller certainly knows better than to explore the desert all alone.5) His college sons should have known better than to try to get the best out of their employees by threate ning them with bodily harm.6) You ought to know better tha n to go out in this freez ing weather in those thin clothes. You'll get froze n.1) delivery2) a piece of cake3) inquire4) pulli ng up5) stacks6) deadli ne7) marvelous8) en able9) cut into10) settle for11) settled our acco unts12) minimum13) known better tha n1) advertiseme nt/ad2) read3) No4) like5) words6) towards7) which8) sizes9) sitti ng10) water11) bottle12) one13) started14) passed15) run/pass16) into17) coming18) if19) quit20) hour21) wrote翻译1) 我们接到通知，财政部长将于次日接见我们。
大学英语精读 第四册 Test Yourself 1-2选择题及其答案
Test Yourself 11.Inside,in the warm living room, with a glass of wine to drink and Mozart to listen to on the CD, she was far from the tiredness she had ___C___earlier.A advocatedB conceivedC claimedD accumulated2.If you've worked for one employer for two years or more before leaving to have your baby,you may be __B___maternity pay(产妇薪酬）A drawn onB entitled to (有权益）C settled for (满足于）D rested on (依靠）3.Tons of food was laid out on the big table and crates of beer were ____D__ready for consumption.A reserved（保留）B expended（花费）C generated（产生）D stacked（一堆）4.You'd better keep your leaders___A____of your activities so that they can ensure you are adequately supported.A informed（告知）B amused（有趣的）C outlined（概括）D swallowed（吞咽）5.According to the latest poll,the president's 43 percent support has _B____to 32percent.A minimized（最小化）B shrunk（减少）C cited（引证）D predicted（预言）6.Managers might not borrow as much as they should,if they want to retain a large____C__of borrowing power in case of problems.A delivery（递交）B burden （负担）C reserve （D deposit（沉淀）7.It is said that one____D__a work of art and brings it forth as a child is _____and brought forth into the world.A reproduces, reproduced（繁殖）B safeguards, safeguarded (防护措施）C tolerates,tolerated （忍受）D conceives,conceived (构思、怀孕）8.Our case against piracy was won,but over $75000 had been _B_____in legal costs in the proceedings ,far more than the compensation awarded by the court.A advanced （提高）B expended（花费）C attained（获得）D blasted（爆炸）9.If the environment is to be properly____C___policies must be formulated which will encourage the green industry.A bluffed（吓唬）B promoted（促进）C safeguarded（保障）D varnished (装饰)10.Although we are often successful in securing accommodation for people with AIDS, it is a problem which stretches our _C_____to the full and needs taken care of immediately.A bonuses (奖金）B dilemmas (窘境）C resource (资源）D limitations (限制）11.Mark's latest work ___D___the learning theories of the 1980s as well as his own experience in teaching English to foreigners.A built on（建立。
大学英语精读第四册单词表
《大学英语精读》(第四册 ) -第 1课1buck[b ?k]n.( 美国口语 )元2plastic['pl?stik] a.塑料的 n.(pl.) 塑料3doorknob['d ?:n ?b]n. 门把手4leisurely['le ??li] a. 从容的，慢慢的5leisure['le ??]n. 空闲时间，闲暇6lucrative['lu:kr?tiv] a. 有利的；赚钱的7pain[pein]vt. 使痛苦8panhandle vi.(AmE)行乞，讨钱9delivery[di'liv?ri]n. 投递；送交10enthuse[in' θ ju:z]vi. 热心11inquire[in'kwai ?]vt. 问，询问12super['su:p ?, 'sju:-] a. 美妙的，极好的13snap[sn?p]vt. 厉声说14insert[in's ?:t, 'ins?:t]n. 插页15normally['n ?:m ?li] ad. 通常16company['k ?mp ?ni]n. 公司17echo['ek ?u]vt. 附和；重复18ad[? d]n. 广告20porch21armload22walk23unnaturally24quaver25truckload26department store 27dime28dime store29drugstore30grocery31section32cram33stack34band35rubber band36takeout [p ?:t ?]n. 门廊n.一抱之量[w ?:k]n. 人行道ad. 不自然地['kweiv ?]vi. 颤抖n.一货车的容量n.百货公司[daim]n.( 指美国、加拿大的钱币) 一角n.廉价商品店；小商品店['dr ?gst ?:]n. 药店，杂货店['gr ?us ?ri]n. 食品杂货店['sek ??n]n.( 文章等的 )段落；节；部分[kr? m]vt. 把塞满；把塞进[st? k]n. 一叠 (堆、垛等 )[b? nd]n. 带；带状物vt. 捆扎n.橡皮筋a.(餐馆 )出售外卖菜的37range[reind ?]n.( 听觉、视觉等的)范围39marvellous 40steak41sour42eel43diplomacy44encouraging45dent46reproduce 47bodily48harm49audience 50snarl51bonus52thoughtful 53cash54activist55work force ['m ɑ :v?l?s] a.引起惊异的，不可思议的[steik]n. 牛排；大块肉 (或鱼 )片[sau ?] a.酸的[i:l]n. 鳗鲡[di'pl ?um ?si]n. 外交[in'k ?rid ?i?] a. 鼓舞人心的[dent]n. 凹痕，凹坑；初步进展[?ri:pr? 'dju:s]vt. 生殖，繁殖['b ?dili] a. 身体的[h ɑ :m]n. 伤害vt. 伤害，损害[' ?:di ?ns]n. 观众；听众；陈述意见的机会[sn ɑ :l] vt. 咆哮着说['b ?un ?s]n. 奖金[' θ?:tf?l] a.沉思的，思考的[k? ?]n. 现金['? ktivist]n. 激进分子n.工人总数；劳动人口56competitive[k ?m'petitiv] a. 竞争的58mediation59party60gradually61gradual62shrink63deadline64station wagon 65minimum66minimum wage67odd68goings-on69carton70curbside71enlist72trash73pickup74overhearn.调解['p ɑ :ti]n. 一方；当事人['gr? dju ?li] ad. 逐渐地['gr? d ?u ?l] a.逐渐的，逐步的[?ri?k]vi. 减少；变小['dedlain]n. 最后期限n.小型客车，客货两用车['minim ?m]n. 最低限度的量、数等n.法定最低工资[?d] a. 奇怪的，不寻常的n.( 通常指 )不良的活动['k ɑ :t?n]n. 纸板箱 (或盒 )n.人行道的镶边石[in'list]vt. 取得的支持和帮助；征募[tr? ?]n. 垃圾n.小卡车；轻型货车[??uv ?'hi ?]vt. 无意中听到；偷听到75finance['fain? ns]n. 财政；钱财；金融77pull up78a piece of cake79even as80know better than81be at82make a dent83make a dent in84cut into85have no business86settle for87settle one's account88quite a while89draw (sb.'s) attention to90for sale91for rent92done with93may as well94might as well95could as well《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) - 第 2课(使 )停下非常容易的事正巧在的时候明事理而不至于忙于，专注于减少一点；取得初步进展减少一点；取得初步进展减少无权；没有理由(无可奈何地 )满足于结帐相当长一段时间引起某人的注意[f ? seil]待售供出租做完；不再使用不妨，还不如，最好不妨，还不如，最好不妨，还不如，最好1deer[di ?]n. 鹿2romantic[r ?u'm? ntik] a.浪漫的；幻想的3turn[t ?:n]n.( 天生 ) 倾向4currency['k ?r?nsi]n. 通货，货币6ecology7convert8excess9reserve 10scarce11wildlife12nutritious 13mature14female15conceive16fawn [i'k ?l ?d ?i]n. 生态学[k ?n'v ?:t, 'k ?nv ?:t]vt. 使转变；使改变信仰(等 )['ekses]n. 过量；过度[ri'z ?:v]n. 储备 (物 )[ske ?s, skers] a. 缺乏的['waildlaif] n. 野生动植物[nju:'tri ??s] a. 有营养的[m ?'tju ?] a.成熟的；成年的['fi:meil] a. 女( 性)的；雌的n. 女人，雌性动、植物[k ?n'si:v]vt. 怀(胎 )；构思[f ?:n]n.( 未满一岁的 )小鹿17timing['taimi?] n. 时机的选择18consume[k ?n'sju:m]vt. 消耗；消费19region['ri:d ??n]n. 地区； (身体的 )部位20ample['? mp ?l] a. 充裕的21resource[ri'z ?:s]n. 资源22dependent[di'pend ?nt] a. 依赖 (他人 ) 的，依靠的[meil] a. 男 (性 )的；雄的n. 男性，雄性动、植23male物24antler['? ntl ?]n. 鹿角，茸角25deposit[di'p ?zit]vt. 存放；使沉积26doe[d ?u]n. 母鹿27expend[ik'spend]vt. 花费；耗尽28accumulate[?'kju:mjuleit]v. 积累；积聚29account[?'kaunt]n. 帐户；存款30spotted['sp ?tid] a. 有斑点的31depth[dep θ]n. 深；深度，厚度32safeguard['seifg ɑ :d]n. 预防措施33internal[in't ?:nl] a. 内部的；体内的34physiological[?fizi? 'l ?d ?ik ?l] a. 生理的；生理学的35metabolism[m ?'t? b ?liz ?m]n. 新陈代谢36hence[hens]ad. 因此，所以37expenditure[ik'spendit ??]n. 花费；用光；支出额，费用38somewhat['s ?mw ?t]ad. 有点，稍微39drowsy['drauzi] a. 困倦的；催眠的40hibernate['haib?neit]vi. 冬眠41extreme[ik'stri:m]n. 极端42seasonal['si:z?n ?l] a. 季节性的43rhythm['rie ?m]n. 节奏44abundant[?'b ?nd ?nt] a. 充足的；丰富的45cabin['k? bin]n. 小木屋；茅舍46melt[melt]v.( 使) 融化； (使 )熔化47amusing[?'mju:zi?] a. 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的48amuse[?'mju:z]vt. 使发笑49thermostat[' θ?:m ?st?t]n. 恒温器50biologically ad. 生物学上51biological[?bai? 'l ?d ?ik ?l] a. 生物学的52biology[bai' ?l?d ?i]n. 生物学53survival[s ?'vaiv ?l]n. 幸存54productivity[?pr?d?k'tiviti]n. 生产力；生产率；多产55fundamental[?f?nd ?'mentl] a. 基本的；重要的56go round到处走动57in the form of以形式58in point适用的；相关的59in (good) condition保养得很好；健康状况良好60give birth (to)生( 孩子 )，产 (仔 )；产生，引起61draw on利用；动用62slow down(使 )慢下来； (使 )放松63turn down减弱；关小，调低64move about走来走去；经常搬家65pull through使渡过危险或危机《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) -第 3课1preface['prefis]n. 前言，序2gullible['g ?l?b ?l] a. 易受骗的；轻信的3superstitious[?sju: p ?'sti ??s] a. 迷信的4credulity[kri'dju:liti]n. 轻信5cite[sait]vt.举出；引用6widespread['waidspred] a. 分布广的；普遍的7advance[?d'v ɑ :ns]vt. 提出8appeal[?'pi:l]vi. 引起兴趣；有感染力；有吸引力9mentality[men't?liti]n. 心理，思想；脑力10exaggerate[ig'z? d ??reit]vt. 夸张；夸大11sake[seik]n. 缘故12geographer[d ?i'?gr ?f?] n. 地理学者13ocular[' ?kjul ?] a. 眼睛的；凭视觉的14theoretical15citizen16refute17mast18funnel19invisible20horizon21phenomenon 22curve23follow24spherical25oval26card27analogy28promptly29prompt30body31disc [ θ i?'retik ?l] a. 理论的['sitiz ?n]n. 公民；市民[ri'fju:t]vt. 驳斥[m ɑ :st, m?st ]n. 桅杆['f ?n?l]n.( 蒸汽机，轮船等的)烟囱[in'viz ?b ?l] a. 看不见的[h ?'raiz ?n]n. 地平线[fi'n ?min ?n]n. 现象[k ?:v]vt. 使成曲线n. 曲线['f ?l?u]vi. 结果产生；得出['sferik ?l] a. 球形的[' ?uv ?l] a. 卵形的 (东西 )，椭圆的 (东西 ) [k ɑ :d]n. 纸牌[?'n? l?d ?i]n. 类似；相似['pr ?mptli]ad. 敏捷地；迅速地[pr ?mpt] a. 敏捷的；迅速的['b ?di]n. 天体[disk]n. 圆盘32cast[k ɑ :st]vt. 扔，投；投射33eclipse[i'klips]n.( 天文学 )食34booklet['buklit]n. 小册子35exchange[iks't ?eind?]vt. 交换 n. 交换，调换36trump[tr ?mp]n. 王牌37royal['r ?i?l] a. 皇家的；王室的38statement['steitm?nt]n. 陈述；声明39ace[eis] n.( 纸牌中的 ) “ A牌”，爱司40foretell[f ?:'tel]vt. 预言41solar['s ?ul ?] a. 太阳的42the solar system太阳系43justify['d ?? stifai]vt. 证明是正当的；为辩护44say-so n. 权威性声明；无证据的断言45Egyptian[i'd ?ip ??n]n.&a. 埃及人；埃及的46predict[pri'dikt]vt. 预言47bang[b??]ad. 砰地48navigation[?n?vi'gei??n]n. 航海49calculation[?k?lkju'lei??n]n. 计算50calculate['k? lkjuleit]vt. 计算51calculator['k? lkjuleit ?]n. 计算器52counter['kaunt ?]n. 讨价还价的本钱；回击，反击[pri'ke ?ri ?s] a. 不安全的；根据不足的，靠不53precarious住的54exceptionally[ik'sep ??nli]ad. 异常地55authority[?:' θ?riti]n. 权威；权力56ignoramus57stray58specialty59outline60press61credulous62burden63follow up64for the sake of 65throw light on 66shed light on67and so forth68as for69may well (not)70bring out71aim at72fall back on73rest on [?ign? 'reim ?s]n. 无知的人[strei]vi. 走离；离题['spe ??lti]n. 专业['autlain]vt. 拟大纲，略述n. 提纲[pres]vt. 催促；逼迫['kredjul ?s] a. 轻信的['b ?:dn]n. 重负；负荷深人研究或调查；采取进一步行动为了的利益；为了使明白，使明朗；解释使明白，使明朗；解释等等至于完全 (不 )可能拿出；使显出；推出(新产品等 )瞄准，针对求助于信赖，依靠74stray away from偏离75start off开始；出发76in a way在某种程度上《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) -第 4课1jam[d ?? m]v. 堵塞； (使 )塞满2platform['pl? tf ?:m]n. 月台3await[?'weit]vt. 等待4track[tr? k]n. 跑道；径赛运动；田径运动5field[fi:ld]n. 田赛场地；田赛运动6squad[skw ?d]n. 小队；班7charge[t ?ɑ:d ?]vi. 向前冲；冲锋8Marine n.( 美国 )海军陆军战队士兵或军官9battalion[b ?'t? li ?n]n. 军营，军队10broad[br ?:d] a. 宽的，广阔的11nope ad.(AmE)不，不是12compete[k ?m'pi:t]vi. 比赛；竞争13sprint[sprint]n. 短跑 vi. 疾跑14hurdle['h ?:dl]n. 栏；跳栏15broad jump n.&vi. 跳远16javelin['d ?? v?lin] n. 标枪17shot18tribe19descendant20warrior21colorful22hunt23outdoorsman24deny25destine26farmland27teens28prominence 29prominent30excel31wrestling32wrestle33lacrosse34football[??t]n. 铅球[traib]n. 部落[di'send ?nt]n. 子孙；后裔['w ?ri ?]n. 斗士，勇士；(老 )战士['k ?l?ful] a. 艳丽的；丰富多彩的[h ?nt]v. 追猎；打猎；搜寻n.常在野外活动的人[di'nai]vt. 否认；拒绝给予['destin]vt. 命中注定；预定n.农田[ti:nz] n. 十多岁， 13 到 19 岁期间['pr ?min ?ns]n. 凸出；杰出['pr ?min ?nt] a. 突出的，显著的[ik'sel]vi. 突出，超常['resli?]n. 摔跤 (运动 )['res ?l]v. 摔跤[l ?'kr ?s] n. 长曲棍球 (运动 )['futb ?:l]n. 橄榄球 (运动 )35power['pau ?]n. 握有大权的人物；有影响的机构；强国36halfback['h ɑ :fb?k] n.( 橄榄球、足球等)中卫37incredible[in'kred ?b ?l] a. 难以置信的38coach[k ?ut ?]n. 教练39demonstrate['dem ?nstreit]vt. 用实验或实例说明；演示40maneuver[m ?'nu:v ?]n. 机动动作；策略；花招41opponent[?'p ?un ?nt]n. 对手；反对者42trample['tr? mp ?l]vt. 踩；践踏43punch[p ?nt ?]vt. 用拳猛击44Olympic[?'limpik] a. 奥运会的45limber['limb ?]v.( 使 )变得柔软灵活46bunk[b ??k]n. 床铺，铺位47hammock['h? m ?k]n.( 帆布或网状 )吊床48strain[strein]vi. 尽力，使劲49demanding[di'm ɑ :ndi?] a. 要求高的；苛求的50pentathlon[pen't?θ l?n]n. 五项运动51competition[?k?mpi'ti ??n]n. 竞争，比赛52discus['disk ?s] n. 铁饼53decathlon[di'k?θ l?n]n. 十项运动54shot put n. 推铅球55utterly[' ?t?li]ad. 完全地，绝对地56utter[' ?t?] a. 完全的57breeze[bri:z]vi. 轻快地行动58flop[fl ?p]vi. 扑动59flash[fl? ?]vi. 闪光；闪烁60glide[glaid]vi. 滑动，滑行61feat[fi:t]n. 武功；技艺；功绩62glory['gl ?:ri]n. 光荣，荣誉；荣誉的事63banquet['b??kwit]n. 宴会64ruling['ru:li?]n. 裁决65Olympics n. 奥林匹克运动会[pr ?'fe ??n ?l] a. 职业的 n. 以特定职业谋生的66professional人67amateur['? m ?t ?, ??m?'t ?:]n. 业余爱好者 a. 业余的68technically['teknik?li]ad. 技术上；按规则69trophy['tr ?ufi]n. 奖品70runner-up['r ?n ?r ?p]n. 亚军71heartbreaking['h ɑ :t?breiki?] a. 令人心碎的72league73spectacular74season75youthful76indifference77indifferent78periodically79outstanding80despite81decline82unanimously83track and field84play a joke on sb. 85put...out of action 86limber up87take part in88breeze through89in one's honour 90in one's honor91in honour of [li:g]n. 联赛协会[spek't? kjul ?] a. 壮观的；惊人的['si:z ?n]n. 赛季['ju: θl]f? a. 年青的；有青春活力的[in'difr ?ns]n. 不关心，冷漠[in'difr ?nt] a. 无关紧要的ad. 周期性地，定时性地[aut'st?ndi?] a. 杰出的[di'spait]prep. 不管，尽管[di'klain]n. 衰落；下降[ju:'n? nim ?sli] a. 一致地；无异议地田径运动同某人开玩笑使停止工作；使不再起作用；使失去战斗力(比赛等前 )做准备活动参加轻而易举地完成向表示敬意；为庆祝；为纪念向表示敬意；为庆祝；为纪念向表示敬意；为庆祝；为纪念92in honor of向表示敬意；为庆祝；为纪念93catch up with对产生预期的恶果《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) -第 5课1dilemma[di'lem?]n. 窘境，进退两难2benefit['benifit]vt. 有益于3recovery[ri'k ?v?ri]n. 痊愈；复得4conceal[k ?n'si:l]vt. 隐瞒5line[lain]n. 行业6dwarf[dw ?:f]vt. 使矮小 n. 矮子；矮小的动 (植 )物7shelter[' ?elt ?]vi. 躲避 vt. 掩蔽；庇护8brutal['bru:tl] a. 残忍的；残酷的9uphold[??p'h ?uld]vt. 支撑；维护10secrecy['si:kr?si]n. 秘密，保密11expose[ik'sp?uz]vt. 揭露；暴露12corruption[k ?'r ?p ??n]n. 腐化；道德败坏13promote[pr ?'m ?ut]vt. 促进，推进；提升14checkup['t ?ek-?p]n. 身体检查15minimize['minimaiz]vt. 减到最少16gravity['gr? viti]n. 严重性17confront[k ?n'fr ?nt]vt.( 勇敢地 )面对；对抗19urgent20self-serving21recover22deteriorate 23suicide24physician25traditionally 26precept27transcend28virtue29utter30deceptive31innumerable 32placebo33warrant34distort35grave [' ?:d ?? nt] a. 急迫的，紧迫的a.利己的[ri'k ?v?]vi. 痊愈，复原[di'ti ?ri ?reit]v.( 使)恶化['su:isaid, 'sju:-]n. 自杀[fi'zi ??n]n. 内科医生[tr ?'di ??n ?li] ad. 传统上['pri:sept]n. 戒律；格言[tr? n'send]超越['v ?:t ?u:]vt. 美德；优点[' ?t?]vt. 说出，讲[di'septiv] a. 欺骗的[i'nju:m ?r?b ?l]无数的，数不清的[pl ?'si:b ?u]n. 安慰剂['w ?r ?nt]vt. 使有 (正当 )理由；授权 (给 )；担保[di'st ?:t]vt. 歪曲；弄歪[greiv] a. 严重的；严肃的36incurably ad. 治不好地38deception39document40contrary41overwhelming 42betray43truthful44humanely45tolerate46advocate47benevolent 48invade49autonomy50render51informed52concerning53increasingly54befall [di'sep ??n]n. 欺骗；诡计['d ?kjum ?nt]vt. 用文件证明['k ?ntr ?ri] a. 相反的；对抗的[??uv ?'welmi?] a. 势不可挡的；压倒之势的[bi'trei]vt. 背叛['tru: θl]f? a. 诚实的ad. 仁爱地；人道地['t ?l?reit]vt. 容忍['? dv ?kit]n. 拥护者，倡异者[bi'nev ?l ?nt] a. 仁慈的[in'veid]vt. 侵犯[?:'t ?n?mi]n. 自治 (权)；自主['rend ?]vt. 致使，使成[in'f ?:md] a. 了解情况的；有见识的[k ?n's ?:ni?] prep. 关于，有关[in'kri:si?li]ad. 日益，愈加[bi'f ?:l]vt. 降临到头上55integrity[in'tegriti]n. 诚实，正直；完整57suspicion 58deceit59undercut60scrupulously 61spiral62lawsuit63injure64arise65bill66alternative 67treatment 68eloquent69disapprove 70refrain71object72objection73bitterly [s ?'spi ??n]n. 怀疑[di'si:t]n. 欺骗[??nd ?'k ?t]vt. 暗中破坏；削弱ad. 一丝不苟地['spai ?r ?l]n. 螺旋 (形 )；盘旋下升 ( 或下降 ) ['l ?:sju:t]n. 诉讼 (案件 )['ind ??]vt. 伤害[?'raiz]vi. 上升；出现[bil]n. 法案；议案；账单[?:l't ?:n ?tiv]n. 抉择；可供选择的东西['tri:tm ?nt]n. 治疗；疗法['el ?kw ?nt]n. 雄辩的[?dis? 'pru:v]vt. 不赞成[ri'frein]vi. 忍住；戒除[' ?bd ?ikt? ? b'd ?ekt]vi. 反对[?b'd ?ek ??n]n. 反对['bit ?li] ad. 残酷地，剧烈地74deceive[di'si:v]vt. 欺骗76issue77practitioner78consequence79avoidable80wary81erode82saying83go on84at times85in one's eyes86for one's (own) sake87slip into88contrary to89in the first place90in the course of91in the dark92bring to a close93take leave94take leave of95in the long run96go to great lengths97refrain from98day after day ['i ?u:, 'isju:]n. 问题；争端[pr? k'ti ??n ?]n. 开业者 (尤指医生、律师等) ['k ?nsikw ?ns]n. 后果；重要性a.可避免的['we ?ri, 'weri] a. 谨慎的；谨防的[i'r ?ud]vt. 腐蚀['sei?, 'sei - i?] n. 格言；谚语进行间或；有时在某人看来为了某人自己的利益陷入与相反首先在期间不知情，蒙在鼓里结束，终止向告别，告辞向告别，告辞从长远的观点看；最终不遗余力制止日复一日99take a stand表明立场、意见等100take one's stand表明立场、意见等《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) -第 6课1persuade[p ?'sweid]vt. 说服，劝服2librarian[lai'bre ?ri ?n]n. 图书馆管理员3property['pr ?p?ti]n. 财产4prelude['prelju:d]n. 序幕；前奏曲5possession[p ?'ze ??n]n. 拥有；所有权；财产6ownership[' ?un ??ip]n. 所有 (权 )7illustration[?il?'strei??n]n. 例；图例；插图8beefsteak['bi:fsteik]n. 牛排9transfer[tr? ns'f?:]vt. 转移；调动10butcher['but ??]n. 屠夫11icebox['aisb ?ks] n. 冷藏库；冰箱12bloodstream['bl ?dstri:m]n. 血液13absorb[?b's ?:b]vt. 吸收14best-seller n. 畅销书15individual[?indi'vid? u ?l]n. 个人16woodpile['wudpail]n. 木 (纸浆 )18shiny19restrain20dog-eared21dilapidated 22loosen23continual24scribble 25preserve 26intact27elegantly 28elegant 29bind30edition31paradise 32crayon33original34painting [' ?aini] a. 发亮的[ri'strein]vt. 抑制；控制，约束a.(书页 )卷角的[di'l? pideitid] a. 破旧的；倾坍的['lu:s ?n]v.( 使 )松开[k ?n'tinju ?l] a. 不断的；频繁的['skrib ?l]v. 潦草书写；乱涂[pri'z ?:v]vt. 保护；保存[in't? kt] a. 完整无损的ad. 优美地；雅致地['elig ?nt] a. 文雅的，雅致的[baind]vt. 捆，绑；装订(书 )[i'di ??n]n.( 书等的 )版本；版['p? r ?dais]n. 伊甸园；天堂['krei ?n]n. 蜡笔；颜色笔[?'rid ??n ?l] a.最初的；原著的；原创作者的['peinti?] n. 油画；图画35statue['st? t?u:]n. 雕像37manufacture 38magnificent39indispensable40conscious41understanding42fiction43croon44reader45invariably46intelligent47caviare48caviar49sharpen50disagreement 51disagree52inquiry53resume [?m?nju'f?kt??]vt. 制造； (大量 )生产[m? g'nifis ?nt] a. 华丽的；宏伟的[?indi'spens? b ?l] a. 必不可少的['k ?n ??s] a. 有意识的；神志清醒的[??nd ?'st?ndi?]n. 理解['fik ??n]n. 小说[kru:n]vi. 低声吟唱['ri:d ?]n. 读者[in've ?ri ?bli] ad. 不变的；始终如一地[in'telid ??nt] a.聪明的['k? vi ɑ :] n. 鱼子酱['k? vi ɑ :] n. 鱼子酱[' ?ɑ:p ?n]v. 削尖，使尖锐[?dis? 'gri:m ?nt]n. 分歧，不一致[?dis? 'gri:]vi. 不一致[in'kwai ?ri]n. 询问[ri'zju:m]vt.( 中断后 )重新开始54naturally['n? t ??r?li]ad. 自然地55humility[hju:'militi]n. 谦卑56solely['s ?ulli]ad. 独自地，单独地57sole[s ?ul] a. 单独的，唯一的58receptacle[ri'sept ?kl]n. 容器59literally['lit ?r ?li]ad. 确实地；简直60fruitfully ad. 富有成果地61fruitful['fru:tf ?l] a. 富有成效的[??nd ?'lain, ' ?nd ?rlain]vt. 在下划线(表示62underline强调 )63forceful['f ?:sf ?l] a. 强有力的；坚强的64vertical['v ?:tik ?l] a. 垂直65emphasize['emf ?saiz]vt. 强调66asterisk['? st ?risk]n. 星号 (即 *)67doodad n. 小装饰物68sparingly ad. 节约地69sequence['si:kw ?ns]n. 顺序；连续；一连串70relevant['reliv ?nt] a. 有关的；适宜的71phrase[freiz]n. 短语72endpaper n. 衬页74fancy75bookplate76integrate77structure78basic79unity80read between the lines81do (sb.) good82dip into83no more...than...84a set of85so to say86so to speak87get in the way88in the second place89think through90reach for91set down92pick up93leave off94consist in95tie up96reduce...to《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) - 第 7课['f? nsi] a. 别致的；花哨的['bukpleit]n. 藏书票['intigreit]vt. 使成一整体['str ?kt ??]n. 结构['beisik] a. 主要的；基本的['ju:niti]n. 总体布局；统一体会字里行间的言外之意帮助 (某人 )；对 (某人 )有益浏览；稍加探究不超过一套可以说；容许我打个譬喻可以说；容许我打个譬喻挡道；碍事第二，其次彻底全面考虑伸手去抓；努力争取记下中断后重新开始停止在于；存在于系紧；捆牢把归纳为2beckon3apartment4Latin5quarter6overlook7presently8chat9senator10means11franc12modest13imposing14attractive 15charming 16devastating17passion18impression ['bek ?n]vt. 向招手或点头示意[?'p ɑ :tm?nt]n. 房间； (美) 一套公寓住房['l? tin] a. 拉丁的n. 拉丁文['kw ?:t ?]n.( 都市的 ) 区；街[??uv ?'luk]vt. 俯视；忽略['prez ?ntli]ad. 不久； (美 )目前[t ?? t]n.&vi. 闲谈，聊天['sen ?t ?]n. 参议员，上议员[mi:nz] n. 财富，资产[fr??k] n. 法郎['m ?dist] a. 不太大的；适度的[im'p ?uzi?] a. 仪表堂堂的；宏伟的[?'tr? ktiv] a. 吸引人的；有魅力的['t ?ɑ :mi?] a. 有魅力的['dev ?steiti?] a. 毁灭性的；压倒一切的['p? ??n]n. 激情[im'pre ??n]n. 印象19talkative['t ?:k ?tiv] a.好说话的；健谈的20inclined[in'klaind] a. 有倾向的21attentive[?'tentiv] a. 专注的；体贴的，殷勤的22startle['st ɑ :tl]vt. 使吃惊，使惊跳23fare[fe ?]n. 食物24bill of fare菜单25reassure[?ri:? '?u ?]vt. 使安心26generously['d ?en ?r ?sli]ad. 慷慨地，大方地27generous['d ?en ?r ?s] a. 慷慨的，大方的28nowadays['nau ?deiz]ad. 如今，现在29salmon['s? m ?n]n. 鲑鱼30menu['menju:]n. 菜单31mutton['m ?tn]n. 羊肉32chop[t ??p]n.( 连骨的 )块肉33overload[??uv ?'l ?ud]vt. 使过载34digestion[di'd ?est ??n]n. 消化35hospitable['h ?spit?b?l] a. 好客的36effusive[i'fju:siv] a. 热情洋溢的；感情(过多 )流露的37amicable['? mik ?b ?l] a. 友善的；和平的38flash[fl? ?]n. 闪烁；闪现39champagne40fancy41trifle42forbid43gaily44literature45airy46bite47asparagus 48water49Madame 50might51will52assure53tender54marvel55sigh56ruin [?? m'pein] n. 香槟洒['f? nsi]vt. 想像；设想['traif ?l]n. 琐事[f ?'bid]vt. 禁止['geili]ad. 欢乐地；高兴地['lit ?r ?t??]n. 文学 (作品 )['e ?ri] a.轻盈的；做作的[bait]n. 咬下的一块[?'sp? r?g ?s]n. 芦笋['w ?:t ?]vi.( 眼睛 )流眼泪； (嘴 )流口水['m? d ɑ :m, m?'d ɑ :m]n. 夫人[mait]n. 力量[wil]vt. 以意志力使[?'?u ?]vt. 保证；使确信['tend ?] a. 柔弱的；柔嫩的['m ɑ :v?l]n. 奇迹[sai]vi. 叹气['ru:in]vt. 毁灭n. 毁灭，覆亡，瓦解，衰败57panic['p? nik]n. 恐慌59dramatic 60pick61juicy62appetizing 63wicked64thrust65throat66mouthful 67drama68head waiter 69ingratiating 70peach71blush72innocent 73landscape74Lord75snack [dr ?'m? tik] a. 戏剧的；戏剧性的[pik]vt. 窃取['d ?u:si] a. 多液汁的['?pitaizi?] a. 引起食欲的，美味可口的['wikid] a. 邪恶的[ θ r?st]vt. 猛推；刺，戳[ θ r?ut]n. 咽喉['mau θ ful]n. 满口['dr ɑ :m?]n. 戏剧n.侍者领班a. 讨好的，奉承的[pi:t ?]n. 桃子[bl ??]n.( 因羞愧或受注目而)脸红['in ?s?nt] a.天真的；无罪的['l? ndskeip]n. 风景；风景画n.上帝，主[sn? k]n. 小吃76instant['inst ?nt]n. 即刻，即时78retort79humorist80humor81cab82revenge83vindictive84immortal85pardonable86complacency87stone88catch sight of89in answer to90keep body and soul together91pass through92be beyond one's means93cut out94at first sight95be inclined to96come in97can not very well98could not very well99by all means [ri't ?:t]vt. 反驳['hju:m ?rist]n. 幽默家['hju:m ?]n. 幽默[k? b] n. 出租马车、汽车[ri'vend ?]n. 报仇，报复vt. 替报仇[vin'diktiv] a. 怀恨极深的；报复性的[i'm ?:t ?l] a.不朽的['p ɑ :d?n?bl] a. 可宽恕的n.自鸣得意[st ?un]n. 英石 (重量单位，合14 磅)瞥见响应，答复，为回答勉强维持生活穿过；经历付不起停止使用，戒除乍一看之下；第一眼就易于的；倾向于，想上市；有供应不好不好一定；务必100 a trifle101c ome to102take(sb.)to task103be in the habit of104i n the least105leave over106bring oneself to107m ake up one's mind108start up109s peak for110i n season111go on with112have a hand in113t ake a hand in《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) - 第 8课有点总计申斥 (某人 )习惯于丝毫留下，剩下强迫自己决定惊动，惊起要求得到；为说话，为辩护正在当令之时继续做参加，介入参加，介入1virtually['v ?:t ?u ?li]ad. 几乎2someday['s ?mdei] ad. 有朝一日[??nd ?'graund]a. 地下的；秘密的ad. 在地3underground下；秘密地4manmade a.人造的5palatable['p? l?t ?b?l] a.可口的；受欢迎的6association[??s?usi'ei ??n]n. 联想7legend['led ??nd]n. 传说；传奇8spirit['spirit]n. 神灵；鬼怪9location[l ?u'kei ??n]n. 场所，位置10afterlife[' ɑ :ft?laif]n. 来世11torment['t ?:ment]n. 痛苦；折磨[v ?l'k? nik] a. 火山的；象火山的；由火山引12volcanic起的13eruption[i'r ?p ??n](火山 )爆发14hellish['heli ?] a. 似地狱的；可怕的；恶魔的15noxious['n ?k ??s] a. 有害的，有毒的16mankind[?m?n'kaind]n. 人类17downward['daunw ?d] a. 向下的；下降的；在下方的18outermost['aut ?m ?ust] a. 最外的或离中间最远的19crust[kr ?st]n. 地壳20honeycomb['h ?nik ?um]vt. 使成蜂窝状21gigantic[d ?ai'g? ntik] a. 巨大的，庞大的22ant[? nt]n. 蚂蚁23fog[f ?g]n. 雾24variation[?ve?ri'ei ??n]n. 变化25equable['ekw ?b?l] a. 稳定的26constant['k ?nst ?nt] a. 永恒的28earthquake 29tyranny30vary31variable32externally33external34artificial35adjust36convenience37convenient 38stroke39community40endeavor 41endeavour 42mobile43entail44jet [' ?: θ kweik]n. 地震['tir ?ni]n. 专制['ve ?ri]v. 变化['ve ?ri ?b ?l] a. 易变的n. 变量ad. 外表上，外形上[ik'st ?:n ?l] a.外部的；表面的[? ɑ :ti'fi??l] a. 人造的；假的[?'d ??st]vt. 调整；调节[k ?n'vi:ni ?ns]n. 便利，方便[k ?n'vi:ni ?nt] a. 便利的，方便的[str ?uk]n. 钟鸣声[k ?'mju:niti]n. 社区 (居民 )[in'dev ?]n. 努力 vt. 试图[in'dev ?]n. 努力 vt. 试图['m ?ubail] a. 活动的[in'teil]vt. 使成为必需[d ?et]n. 喷射；喷气式飞机45lag[l? g]n. 滞后； (事件等的 )间隔47coast48gear49stabilize50extent51encumber52communication53recreation54deprive55species56habitat57involuntarily 58rat59roach60burrow61forestry62terminal63air64occupation65elaborate66visualize67visual68derive69hydroponic70illuminate71wilderness72stability73stable [k ?ust]n. 海岸；海滨[gi ?]vt. 调整；用齿轮连结n. 齿轮；排挡['steibilaiz]v. 使稳定；使平衡[ik'stent]程度，范围[in'k ?mb ?]vt. 塞满，妨碍[k ??mju:ni'kei ??n]n. 通讯；交通[?rekri'ei??n]n.娱乐[di'praiv]vt.剥夺['spi:?i:z]n.物种['h?bit?t]n.产地；栖息地[in'v ?l?nt?rili]ad.不自觉地；无意识地[r?t]n.鼠[r?ut?] n.蟑螂['b?r?u]v.打 (地洞 ) n.(狐狸、兔等动物的)地洞['f ?ristri]n.林地；林学['t?:min ?l]n.终点站[e?]n.航空终点站；航空集散站[??kju'pei ??n]n.占有；占有期间[i'l?b ?r?t, -reit] a.精心制作的；复杂的['vizju ?laiz] vt. 想象['vi ?ju?l] a.视觉的[di'raiv]vi. 来 (自 )，起源 (于 ) vt.得到a.溶液培养 (学 )的；水栽法的[i'lju:mineit]vt.照亮，照明['wild ?nis]n.荒野[st?'biliti]n.稳定 (性 )['steib?l] a.稳定的74withdraw[wie 'dr?:]v.撤退，撤回75withdrawal [wie 'dr?:?l]n.后退；缩回；撤走；退回；收回；取消76condition[k ?n'di??n]vt.使处于良好状态77greenery['gri:n ?ri] n. 草木78countryside['k?ntrisaid]n.农村79horizontally ad.水平地80horizontal[?h?ri'z?ntl] a.水平的81pavement['peivm ?nt]n.(英 )人行道； (美 )铺过的道路82suburban[s?'b?:b?n] a.郊区的83sprawl[spr?:l]n.散乱的街区84underworld['?nd?w ?:ld] n. 阴间，地府85culture['k?lt??]n.文化；文明86intense[in'tens] a.强烈的87restrict[ri'strikt]vt.限制88dweller['dwel ?] n. 居住者89repulsive[ri'p ?lsiv] a.令人厌恶的90expose to使暴露在91in the open在户外，在野外92add to增加93on the stroke准点地94at first thought乍一想95to a certain extent在一定程度上96take up占据97deprive of剥夺98mind you听着；请注意99derive from来自，起源于；从得到100turn over移交；交给101get away from离开；逃脱《大学英语精读》 (第四册 ) -第 9课[?baisen'teni? l] a.200 周年纪念的 n.200周年1bicentennial纪念2shrine[?rain]n. 神殿，圣地3resolve[ri'z ?lv]vt. 决心；决定4trail[treil]n. 小径，小道5legendary['led ??nd ?ri] a. 传奇 (似 )的6mountain range山脉7disappointed[?dis? 'p ?intid] a. 失望的8environmental[in?vai? r ?n'mentl] a. 环境的9environment[in'vai ?r?nm ?nt]n. 环境10editor['edit ?]n. 编辑11strip mine n. 露天矿vt. 露天开采 (矿物 ) 12scenic['si:nik] a. 天然风景的13clear-cut vt. 将的树木砍伐光14drain[drein]vt. 排 (水等 )15dam[d? m]n. 坝，水闸vt. 筑坝16mess[mes]n. 混乱，肮脏17wetland n. 沼泽地18grassland['gr ɑ :sl?nd]n. 草地；牧场19overgraze vt. 在上过度放牧20power plant发电厂21befoul22wildlife23tourist24slum25undertake 26pledge27predictably28uncover29know-nothing 30shade31maple32folk33worn-out34windmill35pasture36rural37cornfield38heartlandvt. 弄脏['waildlaif] n. 野生动植物['tu ?rist]n. 游客[sl ?m]n. 贫民窟[??nd ?'teik]vt. 承担；从事[pled ?]vt. 发誓，保证ad. 可预言地[?n'k ?v?]vt. 揭开盖子；发现a.无知的n. 无知的人，不学无术的人[?eid]vt. 荫蔽['meip ?l]n. 槭树，枫树[f ?uk]n. 人们，人a.破旧的；精疲力尽的['windmil]n. 风车['p ɑ :st??]n. 牧场；牧草['ru ?r ?l] a. 农村的['k ?:nfi:ld] n. 玉米田；小麦田，谷物田['h ɑ :tl?nd ] n. 心脏地带，中心地带39hilly['hili] a. 多小山的；丘陵起伏的。
大学英语精读第四册教案
一、教学目标1. 知识目标：（1）掌握课文中的重点词汇、短语和句型；（2）了解课文的基本内容和主题思想；（3）提高学生的阅读理解能力。
2. 能力目标：（1）培养学生独立阅读的能力；（2）提高学生的口语表达能力；（3）锻炼学生的写作能力。
3. 情感目标：（1）激发学生对英语学习的兴趣；（2）培养学生的跨文化交际意识；（3）提高学生的综合素质。
二、教学内容1. 课文内容：本册课文主要涉及社会、文化、科技、教育等方面的话题，包括名人传记、科技发展、历史事件、文化现象等。
2. 重点词汇和短语：（1）词汇：majority, diverse, contemporary, revolutionize, innovation, perspective, utilize, controversial, legacy等；（2）短语：such as, in terms of, as for, in contrast to, due to, in the face of等。
3. 重点句型：（1）主语从句：It is...that...；（2）定语从句：The one who...；（3）状语从句：As for..., in terms of...。
三、教学过程1. 导入新课（1）简要介绍课文背景；（2）提出本节课的学习目标。
2. 阅读理解（1）快速阅读课文，了解文章大意；（2）细读课文，分析文章结构和段落关系；（3）针对课文内容，提出问题，引导学生思考。
3. 词汇学习（1）讲解重点词汇和短语；（2）通过例句，让学生掌握词汇用法；（3）进行词汇练习，巩固所学词汇。
4. 句型学习（1）讲解重点句型；（2）让学生进行句型转换练习；（3）结合课文，让学生运用句型进行口语表达。
5. 写作练习（1）根据课文内容，布置写作任务；（2）指导学生进行写作，注意文章结构和语言表达；（3）批改学生作文，指出不足之处。
6. 课堂小结（1）回顾本节课所学内容；（2）强调重点词汇、短语和句型；（3）布置课后作业。
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大学英语精读第四册
篇一：大学英语精读第四册课文翻译 Unit1 一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
（“轻轻松松赚大钱!”）“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴，便离城出差去了。
午夜时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了，是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
” “又一辆卡车?” “今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的，我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
” 我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿，两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告，我们可怎么办?” “你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。
“他们都是大学生了。
他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。
” 第二天中午，我回到旅馆，看到一份紧急留言，要我马上给妻子回电话。
她的声音高得很不自然，而且有些颤抖。
家里又运到了好几卡车的广告插页。
“有百货公司的，廉价商店的，杂货店的，食品店的，汽车行的，等等。
有些像整本杂志那么厚。
我们这里有数十万页，说不
定是几百万页的广告!我们家整个房子从东墙到西墙，从南墙到北墙统统堆满了广告，一堆又一堆，比你大儿子还要高。
现在只剩下一点点空间，刚够一个人走进去，从十一种插页中各取一份，卷在一起，套上橡皮筋，再塞进一只塑料袋内。
我们的塑料袋足够供应全美所有的外卖餐厅!”她越讲声音越响，几乎震耳欲聋。
“这么多的广告必须在星期日早晨七点以前统统送出去。
” “嗯，你最好让孩子们尽快地捆扎装袋，等会儿我再跟你谈。
我有个午餐约会。
” 我餐后回来，妻子又打来一只紧急电话。
“你午餐吃得不错吧?”她用悦耳的声音问道。
我吃的牛排好极了，但这次我学乖了，还是不说为妙。
“糟透了，”我报告说。
“一种什么酸溜溜的鱼，我想大概是鳗鲡吧。
” “不错嘛。
你的大学生儿子已经雇了他们的弟弟妹妹和两三个邻居的小孩帮忙，工钱一人五块，建起了流水作业线。
用外交术语来说，事情?有进展?。
” “这确实令人鼓舞。
” “不，并非如此，”她纠正说。
“相反，非常叫人泄气。
他们干了好几个小时了。
装好的塑料袋，一直堆到天花板，但一切努力收效很小。
这些广告宣传品简直就像是不停地自行生产出来一样!”“还有一件事，”她接着说，“你那上大学的儿子必须明白，威胁雇员，说要揍他们，是不可能使他们卖力的。
” 我跟大儿子一通上话，便咆哮道，“你如果再威胁那些孩子，我就对你不客气了!白痴!你应该给奖金，对装袋最多的工人每小时奖励一块。
” “可那要减少我们的利润啦，”他提醒道。
“那些孩子不帮你按时将所有的广告投送出去，你就什么利润也得不到。
如果他们不干，你们俩就得亲手搬走所有的广告。
而在把它们搬掉之前，你们吃不成，也睡不成。
” 电话里出现了短暂的沉默，他在思考。
接着，他说，”爸爸，你刚才使我深受启迪，令我恍然大悟。
” “那就干吧!” “是，阁下!” 到第二天傍晚，我妻子就有许多事报告了。
奖金行之有效，可后来有人对能否兑现表示怀疑，提出把钱拿出来给大家看看。
接着工人队伍里的一位活动家声称，老板每人拿几百块钱，工人们决没有理由满足于每人五块外加一点点竞争性的奖金。
劳工组织人宣布，所有工人的工资都应该达到每小时五块钱!在老板答应之前，他们不再干活儿，一分钟也不干。
罢工持续了不到两小时。
通过调解，双方达成协议，每小时两块。
渐渐地，大堆的广告开始减少。
结果，全部工作比最后限期星期日早晨七点提前三个小时完成。
等我回到家里，孩子们已经结了账。
劳务支出150元，汽油费 40元，还有40元买礼品——几盒糖果，送给乐于助人的
邻居，他们主动开。