中国古代建筑及构造英文
中国古建筑英文
Disadvantages:
— Their durability is not as good as structures of brick or stone.
— wood grows very slowly and cannot be cut on a large scale recklessly.
• However, there are some down sides to having all of these decorations of the roof.
• The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex.
•Palace
The Chinese word for "palace" is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and studies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).
中国古建筑英语介绍
中国古建筑英语介绍Chinese ancient architecture is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, with a long history and unique style. It not only demonstrates the wisdom and creativity of the ancient Chinese people but also reflects the hierarchical system, religious beliefs, and cultural values of ancient China. This article will introduce Chinese ancient architecture from its characteristics, classification, representative works, and protection and inheritance.I. Characteristics of Chinese Ancient Architecture1. Emphasis on symmetry and balance: Chinese ancient architecture pays attention to the layout of symmetry and balance, whether it is palaces, temples, or residential buildings. They strive for left-right symmetry and front-back echoing. This symmetry is not only reflected in the exterior shape of the building but also in the interior spatial layout and decoration.2. Mainly using wood as a building material: Chinese ancient architecture mainly uses wood as a building material,such as beams, columns, purlins, and brackets. Wood has good plasticity and toughness, is easy to process and install, and also has good thermal insulation performance.3. Rich and diverse roof shapes: The roof shapes of Chinese ancient architecture are rich and diverse, such as hip roof, gable roof, suspended roof, and winged roof. These roof shapes not only have practicality but also strong decorative features, reflecting the aesthetic concept of ancient Chinese architecture.4. Carving and painting art: The carving and painting art of Chinese ancient architecture is rich and colorful, such as woodcarving, brick carving, stone carving, and murals. These carved and painted works are both decorative and symbolic, reflecting information about ancient Chinese society's politics, economy, culture, etc.5. Color application: The color application of Chinese ancient architecture emphasizes harmony and contrast, mainly using red, yellow, green, blue, etc. as the main color scheme. Red represents joy, auspiciousness, yellow represents royalauthority, green represents life and hope, blue represents the sky and the sea. The use of these colors not only reflects the aesthetic concept of ancient Chinese architecture but also reflects the cultural values of ancient society.II. Classification of Chinese Ancient Architecture1. Palace architecture: Palace architecture is the place where ancient Chinese emperors lived and handled political affairs, such as the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Shenyang Imperial Palace. These palace buildings are large in scale, majestic in momentum, and have high historical, artistic, and scientific value.2. Temple architecture: Temple architecture is the place where ancient Chinese people worshipped gods and ancestors, such as Tai Mountain Dai Temple and Songshan Shaolin Temple. These temple buildings usually have a solemn and respectful atmosphere, reflecting the ancient people's awe towards gods and ancestors.3. Garden architecture: Garden architecture is the placewhere ancient Chinese people leisured, visited, and enjoyed natural landscapes, such as Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden and Hangzhou West Lake. These garden buildings focus on creating landscapes of mountains and rivers, emphasizing the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.4. Residential architecture: Residential architecture is the place where ancient Chinese common people lived, such as Beijing Siheyuan and Shanxi Pingyao Ancient City. These residential buildings have distinct regional characteristics and ethnic styles, reflecting the living habits and cultural traditions of ancient people.5. Religious architecture: Religious architecture is the place where various religious beliefs in ancient China were practiced, such as Buddhist temples and Taoist palaces. These religious buildings usually have high artistic value, such as the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang and Longmen Grottoes.III. Representative Works of Chinese Ancient Architecture1. The Forbidden City: Located in the center of Beijing, it isthe imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China and also the largest existing wooden structure ancient architectural complex in the world. The Forbidden City is famous for its grand architectural scale, exquisite carving art, and rich collection of cultural relics.2. The Great Wall: Located on the northern border of China, it is a military defense project built by ancient China to defend against northern nomadic invasions. The Great Wall is about 23,000 kilometers long, making it the longest wall in the world and known as the "Ten Thousand Li Great Wall."。
中国古代建筑 英语
中国古代建筑英语－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－1、There are three types of ancient Chinese architecture：Commoner、Imperial、Religious Imperial[edit]The houses of commoners, be they bureaucrats, merchants or farmers, tended to follow a set pattern: the center of the building would be a shrine for the deities and the ancestors, which would also be used during festivities. On its two sides were bedrooms for the elders; the two wings of the building (known as "guardian dragons" by the Chinese) were for the junior members of the family, as well as the living room, the dining room, and the kitchen, although sometimes the living room could be very close to the center.Sometimes the extended families became so large that one or even two extra pairs of "wings" had to be built. This resulted in a U-shaped building, with a courtyard suitable for farm work. Merchants and bureaucrats, however, preferred to close off the front with an imposing front gate. All buildings were legally regulated, and the law held that the number of stories, the length of the building and the colours used depended on the owner's class. Some commoners living in areas plagued by bandits built communal fortresses called Tulou for protection.平民的房子，无论是官僚、商人还是农民，都倾向于遵循一套固定的模式:建筑的中心将是神灵和祖先的圣地，也将在庆典期间使用。
中国特色古代建筑--口语英文稿
Ancient architecture of Chinese CharacteristicsTwo of my partner have just introduced the history and characteristics of architecture，Now all I have to tell you about a few Ancient architecture of Chinese Characteristics.The first :Residential architectureIt's the earliest building created by human ,For example Tulou,the unique residential architecture of Fujian Province,It absorbed the traditional Chinese architectural planning of "feng shui" concept。
The second: public architecture of cityIt Includes walls, towers, gates, bell tower and Drum Tower.For example the Drum Tower of xi'an ,It is the existence of China's largest drum。
The third:palace architecturePalace is a place for emperor to hold ceremony and conduct government ,and live.And Imperial Palace in Beijing is China's last and most mature type.The fourth:tomb architectureIt is designed to bury and worship dead,and Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, in Shan'xi Province, is China's first MausoleumThe fifth:Landscape ArchitectureIt is the complex of traditional philosophy, aesthetics, literature, painting, architecture, gardening art and engineering .And Most famous representative of the existing garden are Suzhou gardens, Beijing Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan Park, Summer Mountain Resort at Chengde.。
中国古代建筑屋顶(英语)
Roof style of ancient Chinese architecture represents a certain level.The highest level of is hip roof top, grade inferior to hip roof top is from the top of the mountain, grade again roof mainly has suspended the top of the hill hard top of the mountain, and save chevron and so on. All the roof have a graceful soothing roof curve. No matter it is from the ancients to fir branches shape or for other nature material imitation. This kind of artistic curve after the first steep slow, forming cambered surface.
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
waterside pavilion
轩
windowed veranda
民居
folk house
四合院
courtyard house
寨
stockaded village
舫
boat house
阙
que, watchtower
牌楼
pailou, decorated gateway
华表
huabiao, ornamental pillar
交互斗
connection block
宋代术语
正心拱
axial bracket arm
泥道拱
axial bracket arm
宋代术语p
瓜拱
oval arm
瓜子拱
oval arm
宋代术语p
万拱
long arm
慢拱
long arm
宋代术语
厢拱
regular arm
令拱
regular arm
宋代术语
单材拱
大斗
cap block
栌斗
cap block
宋代术语
拱
gong,bracketarm
翘
flower arm, petal
华拱
flower arm
宋代术语
昂
ang,lever
槽升子
center block
齐心斗
center block
宋代术语
三才升
small block
十八斗
connection block
门枕石
bearing stone
抱鼓石
drum-shaped bearing stone
中国古代建筑屋顶(英语)
6） Roll roof ： Roof double slope, there is no obvious positive ridge, namely thru before and after slope without ridge and build by laying bricks or stones becomes curved surface.
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Chinese Ancient Architecture Roof
• This lecture content ： 1 .Overview ； 2 .roof practices。 The key: The basic form of Chinese ancient roof and the reasons for the formation of roof curve.
BaoSha: by two nine ridge temple intersection, insert part that BaoSha. Cross intersection that cross the ridge. (positive definite lung hing temple)
中国古代建筑及构造英文
中国古代建筑及构造英文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier 驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner 转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps 踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting 感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
中国传统建筑风格中英双语介绍
Ancient architecture continued in Yuan Dynasty, especially the Islamic mosques and Buddhist temples, which brought deep influence on the Han national architecture. In the Ming and the Qing dynasties, architecture reached its climax. The Qing Dynasty compiled another book Gong Zheng Zuo Fa Tse Li. It was the government manual to standardize architecture.
The Categories of Ancient Architecture
Generally, Chinese ancient architecture consists of government architecture and civil architecture. The former includes the imperial palaces, mausoleum, Buddhist temples, Taoist guan, altars, gardens and other big buildings.
Paifang and Cloud Pillar仿表
（十）坊表
中国古代具有表彰、 纪念、导向或标志作 用的建筑物，包括牌 坊、华表等
（一）中国建筑的色调
中国古代建筑的色彩非常丰富。有的色 调鲜明，对比强烈，有的色调和谐，纯 朴淡雅。建筑师根据不同需要和风俗习 尚而选择施用。大凡宫殿、坛庙、寺观 等建筑物多使用对比强烈，色调鲜明的 色彩：红墙黄瓦（或其他颜色的瓦）衬 托着绿树蓝天，再加上檐下的金碧彩画， 使整个古建筑显得分外绚丽。在表现中 国古建筑艺术的特征中，琉璃瓦和彩画 是很重要的两个方面。
中外建筑史名词中英文对照
外国建筑史名词中英文对照金字塔 pyramid方尖碑 obelisk牌门楼 pylon莲花式柱 lotus column纸草花式柱 papyrus column棕榈叶式柱 palm column塔庙 ziggurat列柱围廊式 peristyle山花 pediment多立克柱式 Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式 Corinthian order檐口 cornice檐部entablature檐壁 frieze额枋 architrave柱头 capital柱身 column shaft槽沟 flute圆底线脚 torus柱基 plinth台基 stylobate输水道 aqueduct万神庙 pantheon凯旋门 triumphal arch角斗场 colosseum广场 forum托斯卡柱式 Tuscan order门廊 potch,portico小穹顶 cupola平嵌线 reglet主穹顶 main dome半穹顶 semi dome帆拱 pendentive会堂 basilica中厅 central nave侧廊 aisle半圆形壁龛 apse袖廊 transept柱廊 colonnade神坛 altar拱廊 atcade壁上拱廊 blind arcade塔楼 turret玫瑰窗 rose window扶壁 buttress尖顶 pinnacle滴水兽 gargoyle顶端饰 finial花色窗棂 tracery四叶饰 quatrefoil五叶饰 cinquefoil府邸 mansion,palazzo鼓座 drum采光塔 lantern小侧窗 bulleye window涡卷装饰 cartouche宣礼塔 minaret 圣龛 mihrab,prayer niche讲坛 mimbar,pulpit拱式 vault type筒拱 barrel vault棱拱 groin vault肋骨拱 rib bed vault星形拱 stellar vault网状拱 reticulated vault扇形拱 fan vault倒槽式拱 trough vault钟乳拱 stalactite vault券式 arch type半圆券 semicircular arch尖券 pointed arch弧形券 segmental arch葱花券 ogee arch马蹄券 horseshoe arch交角券 squinch穹式 dome type半球形穹顶 semespherical dome葱花穹顶 ogee dome方穹顶 square dome阿拉伯花饰 arabesque阿拉伯式柱头 Arabian capital中国古建史名词中英文对照1、中国古代建筑及构造宫 palace,temple殿 hall 厅 hall 又称“堂”室 room 房 house亭 pavilion阁 pavilion榭 pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion台 platform坛 altar楼 storied building廊 colonnade轩 windowed veranda民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house阙 que, watchtower牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山 flush gable roof悬山 overhanging gable roof歇山 gable and hip roof庑殿 hip roof四阿 hip roof卷棚 round ridge roof重檐 double eave roof攒尖 pyramidal roof园攒尖 round pavilion roof大木 wooden structure大式 wooden frame with dougong小式 wooden frame without dougong 大木作 carpentry work小木作 joinery work抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction穿斗式构架 column and tie construction井干式构架 log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱 hypostyle column内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱 center column角柱 corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱 short column脊瓜柱 king post蜀柱 king post 宋代术语雷公柱 suspended column帐杆 suspended column 宋代术语侧脚 cejiao 宋代术语卷杀 entasis梭柱 shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背 bracket由戗 inverted V-shaped brace叉手 chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩 wooden pier梁 beam驼峰 tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语袱 beam 宋代术语月梁 crescent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁 3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁 4-purlin beam五架梁 5-purlin beam四椽袱 5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁 6-purlin beam七架梁 7-purlin beam六椽袱 7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁 9-purlin beam八椽袱 9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁 one-step cross beam双步梁 two-step cross beam挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱 rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁 baotou beam穿插枋 penetrating tie角梁 hip rafer（木行） purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩 purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟 purlin 宋代术语脊（木行） ridged purlin 大式脊檩 ridged purlin 小式脊抟 ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行） intermediate purlin 大式金檩 intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟 intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行） purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行） eave purlin 大式檐檩 eave purlin 小式下平抟 eave purlin 宋代术语额枋 architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板 cushion board 小式枋 tiebeam脊枋 ridge tiebeam上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋 eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋 eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽 top rafter脑椽 upper rafter花架椽 intermediate rafter檐椽 eave rafter飞檐椽 flying rafter飞子 flying rafter 宋代术语连檐 eave edging瓦口 tile edging颔版 tile edging 宋代术语举架 raising the purlin举析 raising the purlin 宋代术语步架 horizontal spacing between purlins材 cai 栔 qi 分 fen斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong,bracket set斗 dou, bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗 cap block栌斗 cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱 flower arm 宋代术语昂 ang,lever槽升子 center block齐心斗 center block 宋代术语三才升 small block十八斗 connection block交互斗 connection block 宋代术语正心拱 axial bracket arm泥道拱 axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱 oval arm瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代术语万拱 long arm慢拱 long arm 宋代术语厢拱 regular arm令拱 regular arm 宋代术语单材拱 outer-side bracket arm撑头 small tie-beam枋 small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头 nose攒 set of bracket柱头科 bracket set on columns 柱头铺作 bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科 bracket sets between columns 补间铺作 bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科 bracket set on corner 转角铺作 bracket set on corner 宋代术语出 extension of bracket 出跳 extension of bracket 宋代术语才cai 跳 tiao 宋代术语雀替 sparrow brace搏缝板 gable eave board搏缝版 gable eave board 宋代术语木装修 joiner's work外檐装修 exterior finish work 内檐装修 interior finish work框槛 door frame槛 stud抱框 jamb on door or window 格栅 partition door抹头 window stool棂子 grill裙板 panel槛窗 sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗 removable window门枕 door bearing门簪 decorative cylinder门跋 door knocker门钉 decorative nails on door leaf门枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone天花 ceiling帽儿梁 lattice framing支条 lattice framing井口天花 compartment ceiling海墁天花 flat ceiling藻井 caisson ceiling罩 shelf龛 niche博古架 antique shelf瓦石作 masonry檐墙 eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙 horizontal partition wall 隔断墙 vertical partition wall槛墙 sill wall樨头 gable wall head挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over叠涩 corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石 rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶 steps踏道 steps 宋代术语踏垛 step踏 step 宋代术语斗板石 intermediate pier垂带 drooping belt stone副子 drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼 triangular space御路 yulu, imperial path 羌差 ramp须弥座 xumizu圭角 guijiao上枋 upper fillet and fascia下枋 lower fillet and fascia上袅 upper cyma, recta 下袅 lower cyma, reversa束腰 suyao钩栏 balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏 single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade望柱 baluster望柱头 baluster capital栏版 frieze panel华版 frieze panel地伏 plinth stone寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone柱础 column base踬 zhi碑碣 stone tablet屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生 stone animal石人 stone human statue筒瓦 round tile板瓦 flat tile青瓦 black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾头 eave tile滴水 drip tile瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻 zhengwen鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊 main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人 celestial being走兽 animal砖雕 brick carving彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam枋心 central portion of painted beam点金 gold pointing退晕 color change沥粉 embossed painting。
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
king post
蜀柱
king post
宋代术语
雷公柱
suspended column
帐杆
suspended column
宋代术语
侧脚
cejiao
宋代术语
卷杀
entasis
梭柱
shuttle-shaped column
宋代术语
角背
bracket
由戗
inverted V-shaped brace
叉手
chashou, inverted V-shaped brace
宋代术语
柁墩
wooden pier
驼峰
tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport
宋代术语
梁
beam
袱
beam
宋代术语
月梁
crescent beam
三架梁
3-purlin beam
平梁
3-purlin beam
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）
宫
palace,temple
殿
hall
厅
hall
又称“堂”
室
room
房
house
亭
pavilion
台
platform
坛
altar
楼
storied building
阁
pavilion
廊
colonnade
榭
pavilion on terrace
小式
抟
purlin
宋代术语
脊（木行）
ridged purlin
大式
中国古代建筑 PPT 英文
Since nine is the largest odd number under
ten, it was regarded as the extremely lucky number. For this reason, the number “nine”
The origins of Feng Shui Building
• This is relative to the mansion. “Book of Filial（孝顺的） Piety（虔诚的行为或语言） - bereavement” “Bu trillion while the house is their house,” which is relative to the Amityville Horror.（《孝经-丧亲》“卜 其宅兆而厝也”这是相阴宅） This is the way to fix a used divination（预测，占卜） place.
in three periods: the Han Dynasty, the
Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Tang Dynasty.
Han Dynasty
Northern and Southern Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
Numbers in Architecture
These represent the fusion（融合）of Chinese
culture and the pursuit of happiness.
Most ancient buildings found in the
West are stone structures. In comparison, ancient Chinese buildings are mostly of
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
cap block
栌斗
cap block
宋代术语
拱
gong,bracketarm
翘
flower arm, petal
华拱
flower arm
宋代术语
昂
ang,lever
槽升子
center block
齐心斗
center block
宋代术语
三才升
small block
十八斗
connection block
水榭
waterside pavilion
轩
windowed veranda
民居
folk house
四合院
courtyard house
寨
stockaded village
舫
boat house
阙
que, watchtower
牌楼
pailou, decorated gateway
华表
huabiao, ornamental pillar
交互斗
connection block
宋代术语
正心拱
axial bracket arm
泥道拱
axial bracket arm
宋代术语p
瓜拱
oval arm
瓜子拱
oval arm
宋代术语p
万拱
long arm
慢拱
long arm
井干式构架
log cabin construction
檐柱
eave column
金柱
hypostyle column
内槽柱
hypostyle column
唐代术语
内柱
中国古代建筑英语
中国古代建筑英语
古代中国建筑的英语翻译和解释可以是"ancient Chinese architecture"。
古代中国建筑是指中国古代时期（包括但不限于汉代、唐代、宋代、明代等时期）所创造的建筑艺术和建筑风格。
它以其独特的设计、精湛的工艺和深厚的文化内涵而闻名于世。
古代中国建筑通常采用木结构，以大型府邸、寺庙、宫殿和园林为主要形式，如长廊、亭台、桥梁、楼阁、花园、池塘等。
古代中国建筑以其丰富多样的样式和独特的建筑技术而备受赞赏，被认为是世界建筑史上的重要遗产。
中国古代建筑奇观(国外英文资料)
Ancient Chinese Architectural Wonders: Insights from International SourcesThe architectural heritage of ancient China is atestament to the ingenuity and artistic prowess of its people. As we delve into international Englishlanguage resources, we uncover a wealth of information about these remarkable structures that have stood the test of time.One of the most iconic examples of ancient Chinese architecture is the Great Wall. Spanning thousands of miles, this colossal structure has fascinated people worldwide. According to foreign sources, the Great Wall was not just a defensive barrier, but also a symbol of the empire's powerand determination. The intricate watchtowers, fortresses, and passes along the wall showcase the advanced engineering techniques and architectural skills of ancient China.The Terracotta Army, discovered in Xi'an, is another stunning example of ancient Chinese architecture. While not a building, the underground mausoleum that houses theTerracotta Army is an architectural masterpiece. Foreign scholars note that the intricate network of chambers and the precise placement of the warriors demonstrate the advancedknowledge of mathematics, engineering, and artistry possessed the ancient Chinese.Ancient Chinese pagodas, such as the Leifeng Pagoda in Hangzhou and the Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng, are also widely admired. These multitiered structures, often reaching impressive heights, were built using traditional Chinese construction methods. International sources highlight the pagodas' ability to withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters, a testament to the ingenuity of ancient Chinese architects.Lastly, the classical Chinese gardens, like the famous Suzhou Gardens, are celebrated for their exquisite beauty and harmony with nature. Foreign literature often mentions the gardens' intricate designs, with winding pathways, elegant pavilions, and serene ponds, all carefully arranged to create a peaceful and contemplative environment.In summary, ancient Chinese architecture has left an indelible mark on the world's cultural heritage. Through international Englishlanguage resources, we gain a deeper appreciation for the ingenuity, artistry, and enduring legacy of these architectural wonders.Exploring the Legacy: Ancient Chinese Architectural Wonders Through a Global LensThe ingenuity of ancient Chinese architecture is perhaps best exemplified the ancient Chinese bridges. The Anji Bridge, for instance, is one of the oldest openspandrel stone segmental arch bridges in the world. International texts often praise its elegant single arch design, which has withstood the test of time and continues to be a marvel of engineering. The Marco Polo Bridge, another celebrated example, is renowned for its artistic stone lions and the historical significance it holds.The art of wood joinery in ancient Chinese architecture is another area of interest for international researchers. The lack of nails or glue in the construction of traditional Chinese buildings, such as the Foguang Temple, is often highlighted as a remarkable feat of engineering. Theintricate interlocking systems not only provided structural stability but also allowed for flexibility, which was crucial in an earthquakeprone region.The spiritual aspect of Chinese architecture cannot be overlooked. Buddhist temples like the Daming Palace and the Potala Palace are not only architectural marvels but also spiritual centers that have inspired awe and reverence. The fusion of architectural elements from various regions and the incorporation of Tibetan, Han, and Nepalese styles in thePotala Palace, in particular, illustrate the harmonious blend of cultures and religions within Chinese architecture.Furthermore, the concept of feng shui, deeply rooted in ancient Chinese culture, has influenced the design and orientation of buildings. International observers are intrigued how architectural elements are aligned with the natural landscape to achieve harmony and balance. The principles of feng shui are evident in the layout of ancient Chinese cities and the positioning of important buildings within them.In conclusion, the study of ancient Chinese architecture from a global perspective enriches our understanding of these timeless structures. They are more than just buildings; they are the embodiment of a civilization's wisdom, spirituality, and artistic genius. Through the lens of international scholars, we continue to discover new layers of meaning and appreciation for China's architectural treasures, which continue to inspire and educate the world.Unveiling the Mysteries: The Hidden Gems of Ancient Chinese ArchitectureThe ancient city of Pingyao, for example, is a rare example of a wellpreserved Ming and Qing dynasty city. International literature often describes Pingyao as a living museum, where the ancient city walls, streets, and residencesremain largely intact. The city's layout and defensive structures are a testament to the advanced urban planning and military strategies of the time.Another architectural wonder that has piqued the interest of international scholars is the ancient Chinese aqueduct system, particularly the Dujiangyan irrigation system near Chengdu. This innovative water management project, datingback to the 3rd century BC, is still in use today. It is admired for its ability to control the Min River's water flow, preventing floods and providing irrigation to the surrounding fertile lands.The ancient Chinese pagodas, beyond their aesthetic beauty, also served practical purposes. The Miaogao Pagoda in Henan, for instance, is known for its unique octagonal shape and its role as an ancient astronomical observatory. International researchers are fascinated how thesestructures could double as scientific instruments,illustrating the intersection of art, religion, and sciencein ancient Chinese society.Lastly, the ancient Chinese tea houses, such as theclassic examples found in Hangzhou and Chengdu, are more than just places for social gathering; they are architectural spaces that embody the philosophy of tranquility and contemplation. These structures, often built with naturalmaterials and surrounded lush gardens, reflect the Chinese belief in the integration of architecture with nature.In shedding light on these hidden gems, we broaden our understanding of ancient Chinese architecture's depth and diversity. These structures, often understated yet profound, continue to captivate the world with their history, cultural significance, and architectural ingenuity. They serve as a reminder that the wonders of ancient China are not confined to its most famous landmarks, but are also found in the quiet corners and less celebrated sites that tell the full story of a civilization's enduring legacy.。
中国古代宫廷 英文
中国古代宫廷英文中国之古代宫廷，其历史源远流长，承载着深厚的文化底蕴与政治传统。
自先秦以降，历经数千年变迁，各朝代宫廷皆以其独特风貌与制度，映现了当时社会的繁荣与文明。
China's ancient imperial courts boast a rich and lengthy history, embodying profound cultural heritage and political traditions. Since the Pre-Qin era, spanning thousands of years of evolution, the courts of each dynasty have uniquely reflected the prosperity and civilization of their respective societies.II. Architecture and Layout古代宫廷建筑巍峨壮丽，布局严谨，遵循“天人合一”的哲学理念。
如紫禁城，红墙金瓦，轴线分明，彰显皇家威严。
宫殿群围绕中轴线依次展开，象征皇权至上，秩序井然。
Ancient imperial court architecture was grand and magnificent, featuring rigorous layouts adhering to the philosophical concept of "harmony between heaven and earth." The Forbidden City, for instance, with its scarlet walls and golden tiles, boasts a distinct central axis, manifesting royal authority. Palaces were arrayed symmetrically around this axis, symbolizing the supremacyof imperial power and impeccable order.III. Court Life and Rituals宫廷生活繁复而庄重，礼仪规范严密。
故宫建筑外貌介绍英文作文
故宫建筑外貌介绍英文作文英文：The architecture of the Forbidden City is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture, with a unique style and exquisite craftsmanship. The Forbidden City was built during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it was the imperial palace of the emperors of China for nearly 500 years. The buildings in the Forbidden City are arranged symmetrically along a central axis, with the main buildings located on the central axis. The roofs of the buildings are decorated with yellow glazed tiles, which were reserved for the emperor's use. The walls of the buildings are painted in red, which symbolizes good luck and happiness in Chinese culture.The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court is where the emperor held official ceremonies and met with officials, while the Inner Court was the private living quarters ofthe emperor and his family. The most famous buildings in the Outer Court are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. These buildings were used for important ceremonies, such as the emperor's coronation and his birthday celebrations. In the Inner Court, the most famous buildings are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Mental Cultivation, and the Hall of Union. These buildings were where the emperor and his family lived and worked.The Forbidden City is not only a symbol of ancient Chinese architecture, but also a treasure trove of Chinese culture and history. Each building in the Forbidden City has its own unique story and significance. For example, the Palace of Heavenly Purity was where the emperor held court and made important decisions, while the Hall of Mental Cultivation was where the emperor studied and worked on state affairs.中文：故宫的建筑是中国古代建筑的杰作，具有独特的风格和精湛的工艺。
中国古建筑英文
The roofs
• An important part of Chinese architecture.
architecture.
Types of Chinese Architectures
• Palace (Gong) • Pavilion (Ting) • Storeyed Pavilion (Ge) • Terrace (Tai) • Storeyed Building (Lou) • Pagoda (Ta)
Buddhist Temple Constructions
Buddhist Temple Constructions in China include Buddhist temples, monasteries, pagodas, Buddhist halls and grottoes, which are called si （佛寺）, ta （佛塔）, dian (佛殿）and shiku （石窟） in Chinese respectively.
Functions of storyed pavilions :
— used in ancient times for the storage of important articles and documents
— a place where educated men used to gather to write articles and hold banquets
Functions of multi-story buildings : — for military use — as private homes — as belvederes（望景楼） — as bell and drum towers
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中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。