临床药学英语第一课Lesson 1 Scope of Pharmacy
药学英语-01(1)
somat(o)-体，躯体
somatoblast原体细胞 somatesthesia躯体感觉
-some,-plast 小体，颗粒， 生物体的基本组织单位 microsome 微粒体 chromoplast色质体
splen(o)- 脾
splenocyte脾细胞 splenemia脾充血 hepa-, hepat- 肝 hepatopancreas肝胰腺 hepatoma肝癌 ren-, nephr- 肾 nephridia肾管 nephritis肾炎 nephron肾单位 renal肾脏的 hepatocyte 肝细胞
ultr- 超
ultra-acoustics 超声学 ultra-structure超微结构 ultraviolet紫外线 Infra- 下，低，远 infralittoral 潮下带，远岸的 infrared红外线的 infrastructure下部构造, 下部组织, 基础
表示动物不同器官和组织的词素
poly- multi- mult- 多，复合
polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯 polymerase 聚合酶 multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的 multicistronic mRNA多顺反子 multicopy多拷贝
chrom(o)-色
chromat(o)- 色 ,染色质
介绍专业英语的特点
一、文体特点
二、词汇特点
三、句法特点
（一）科技英语的文体特点
科技英语（English for Science and Technology）泛指一切
论及或谈及科学或技术的英文书面语和口头语，具体包括： （1）科技著述、科技论文、科技报告、实验报告等； （2）各类科技情报及其它文字资料； （3）科技使用手册（仪器、仪表、机械和工具等的结构描述和
11-The Scope of Pharmacology
It is an experimental medical science that dates back only to the later half of the nineteenth century. As a border science,
with dosage, determine the concentration of a drug at its sites of action and, hence, the intensity of its effects as a function
of time. Many basic principles of biochemistry and enzymology and the physical and chemical principles that govern the active
structures. Such structure-activity relationships are an integral link in the analysis of drug action, and exploitation of
these relationships among established therapeutic agents has often led to the development of better drugs. However, the
some knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of drugs and their available dosage forms, and he must have a basic
临床药学专业介绍作文英语
临床药学专业介绍作文英语Title: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy Profession。
Introduction:Clinical pharmacy is a vital discipline within thefield of healthcare, focusing on the safe and effective use of medications to optimize patient outcomes. With the rapid advancements in medical science and the increasing complexity of healthcare systems, the role of clinical pharmacists has become indispensable in providing comprehensive pharmaceutical care. In this essay, we will delve into the fundamental aspects of the clinical pharmacy profession, its significance in modern healthcare, and the skills required to excel in this field.Importance of Clinical Pharmacy:Clinical pharmacy plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap between medical professionals and patients by ensuringthat medications are used appropriately and effectively. Unlike traditional pharmacy practice, which primarily involves dispensing medications, clinical pharmacy involves direct patient care, medication therapy management, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.One of the key contributions of clinical pharmacists is their expertise in medication management. They are trained to conduct medication reviews, assess drug interactions, and provide personalized recommendations to healthcare providers and patients. This proactive approach helps prevent medication errors, reduce adverse drug reactions, and improve overall patient safety.Moreover, clinical pharmacists serve as educators, empowering patients to take an active role in their healthcare. They provide counseling on medication usage, potential side effects, and strategies for adherence, thereby promoting medication compliance and enhancing treatment efficacy. By fostering open communication and patient engagement, clinical pharmacists contribute tobetter health outcomes and improved quality of life for individuals with chronic diseases.Skills Required for Clinical Pharmacists:To excel in the field of clinical pharmacy, pharmacists must possess a diverse set of skills encompassing clinical knowledge, communication abilities, and critical thinking prowess. First and foremost, they must have a strong foundation in pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutics to understand the mechanisms of action and effects of various medications.Additionally, clinical pharmacists need excellent communication skills to interact effectively with patients, caregivers, and multidisciplinary healthcare teams. They must be able to convey complex medical information in a clear and understandable manner, tailoring their approach to the individual needs and preferences of each patient.Furthermore, critical thinking and problem-solving skills are essential for clinical pharmacists to evaluatemedication regimens, identify potential drug-related problems, and develop evidence-based solutions. They mustbe able to analyze clinical data, interpret laboratory results, and make informed decisions to optimize medication therapy and improve patient outcomes.In addition to clinical expertise, clinical pharmacists must demonstrate empathy, compassion, and professionalismin their interactions with patients. They must be able to establish trust and rapport, respect patient autonomy, and advocate for the best interests of those under their care.Conclusion:In conclusion, clinical pharmacy is a dynamic and evolving profession that plays a crucial role in modern healthcare delivery. By combining pharmaceutical expertise with clinical acumen, clinical pharmacists contribute to safer medication use, better treatment outcomes, and enhanced patient well-being. Through effective communication, critical thinking, and patient-centered care, they uphold the highest standards of pharmaceuticalpractice and make a positive impact on the lives of countless individuals. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the importance of clinical pharmacy in optimizing patient care will only continue to grow, reaffirming its status as an indispensable component of the healthcare team.。
药学实用英语
一、常见句型举例 例: Mean peak serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administratlon。
肌注后约30～60分钟之间妥布霉素的平均血药 浓度达到高峰。
药学实用英语
本项中出现频率最高的是疾病名称以及微生 物(尤其是致病菌)的名称，
如：angina pectoris 心绞痛 cancer 癌 diabetes(mellitus) 糖尿病microorganism(bacteria) 革兰氏阳性菌 virus病毒
在临床试验中该药显示其对于改善和恢复已改 变的脑循环以及治疗与四肢动脉血流不畅有关 的疾病高度有效。
药学实用英语
例:Halcion is a potent short acting hypnotic agent，which produces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration. 海乐神是一种强力短效催眠药，它从服药后的 第一个夜晚开始产生催眠作用。
药学实用英语
思考题 1.药品说明书的作用是什么?
—————————————— 2.药品说明书的结构通常包括哪些项目?
———————————————— 3.请归纳出一些常见化学基团的英文词缀。
—————————————————
药学实用英语
第二节 性状
许多药品说明书正文的第一项Description(性状)。 其原意是“描写”，在药品说明书及药典中一般 都译为“性状”。其内容主要是介绍药品的理化 性质、组成成分、结构、特征等。这一项最常用 的标题是Description，可能有其他的表示法， 如:Chemical Structure化学结构，Appearance外 观，Physicochemical Properties 理化性质， Composition 组成成分，Features、 Characteristics 特征
药学英语上册汇总
Unit One Text A Introduction to Physiologybuilding block connective tissue epithelial tissue anabolism catabolism deoxyribonucleic acid glucoseglycogengonad homeostasismatrixnitrogenosmolality osmoreceptor potassiumtracheabronchiplasma membrane blood clottingglial cellatriaventricle cardiovascular system respiratory system gastrointestinal tract urinary tract reproductive system endocrinefecesglucagongangliaembryobody fluidfertilized egg课文中句子（英译汉）:1. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities; how it feeds, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations.2. Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology-the replication of the genetic code for example-many are specific to particular groups of organisms.3. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs.4. The heart consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles, which form a pair of pumps arranged side by side. The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues.5. The carbon dioxide produced by the respiratory activity of the tissues is carried to the lungs by the blood in the pulmonary artery where it is excreted in the expired air.6. This activity depends on electrical signals which, in turn, depend on the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the extracellular and intracellular fluids. If there is an excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid, the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract at inappropriate times rather than in a coordinated manner.7. If the body tissues are being built up, as is the case for growing children, pregnant women and athletes in the early stages of training, the daily intake of protein is greater than the normal body turnover and the individual is in positive nitrogen balance.8. A negative feedback loop is a control system that act to maintain the level of some variables within a given range following a disturbance. A feedback loop requires a sensor of some kind that responds to the variable in question but not to other physiological variables. Thus an osmoreceptor should respond to changes in osmolalityof the body fluids but not to changes in body temperature or blood pressure.9. The body is actually a social order of about 100 trillion cells organized into different functional structure, some of which are called organs. Each functional structure contributes its share to the maintenance of homeostasis conditions in the extracellular fluid, which is called the internal environment. As long as normal conditions are maintained in this internal environment, the cells of the body continue to live and function properly.课后汉译英：1.我们每天摄入的食物必须满足需要，任何多余的东西必须排出体外才能维持平衡。
大学药学基础英语教材
大学药学基础英语教材IntroductionEnglish is widely recognized as a global language, and proficiency in English has become increasingly important in various academic disciplines, including pharmacy. To facilitate the learning process and enhance students' knowledge in pharmacy-related subjects, a comprehensive and well-structured English textbook for pharmacy students is of great significance. This article aims to outline the key components and desired features of a high-quality university-level English textbook for pharmacy students.Content OrganizationA suitable framework for the textbook should cover essential topics in pharmacy, enabling students to develop a solid foundation in both English language skills and pharmaceutical knowledge. The content can be divided into the following sections:1. Introduction to Pharmacy- Definition of pharmacy- Historical development of pharmacy- Overview of pharmacy education and practice2. Pharmaceutical Science- Basics of drug discovery and development- Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics- Medicinal chemistry- Pharmaceutical analysis- Dosage forms and drug delivery systems3. Pharmacy Practice- Introduction to patient care and counseling- Pharmaceutical calculations- Drug interactions and adverse effects- Dispensing and compounding- Pharmacy laws and regulations4. Medication Management- Rational drug use- Pharmacovigilance and drug safety- Clinical pharmacy practice- Pharmaceutical care and patient-centered approach 5. Emerging Trends in Pharmacy- Biotechnology and pharmacogenomics- Personalized medicine- Pharmaceutical nanotechnology- Regulatory affairs and quality controlLanguage Skills DevelopmentApart from the comprehensive coverage of pharmacy-related content, the textbook should also prioritize the development of English language skills specific to the field of pharmacy. The incorporation of the following language exercises and activities will enable students to enhance their language proficiency while learning pharmacy:1. Glossary and Terminology- Include a comprehensive glossary of pharmaceutical terms with clear definitions and pronunciations.- Provide contextual examples to help students understand and correctly use the terminologies in different scenarios.2. Reading Comprehension- Offer a variety of reading passages related to pharmacy, such as research papers, case studies, and drug monographs.- Accompany each passage with comprehension questions, encouraging students to analyze and interpret the text.3. Writing Practice- Provide writing exercises that require students to summarize pharmaceutical research articles, write patient counseling leaflets, and prepare drug monographs.- Offer guidance and examples on scientific writing conventions, such as referencing and structuring academic papers.4. Listening and Speaking- Incorporate listening exercises related to pharmacy, such as patient-doctor consultations, drug information inquiries, and pharmaceutical presentations.- Integrate speaking activities that simulate real-life pharmacy scenarios, such as role-plays between pharmacists and patients.Visual Aids and Supplementary MaterialsTo enhance the learning experience, the textbook should include visually appealing illustrations, diagrams, and charts. These visual aids can aid students in understanding complex concepts and reinforce their knowledge. Additionally, supplementary materials such as online resources, audio recordings, and interactive exercises should be provided to further support independent learning and self-assessment.ConclusionA well-designed university-level English textbook for pharmacy students should cover a wide range of topics within pharmacy and simultaneously develop English language skills specific to the field. By organizing the content effectively, incorporating relevant language exercises, and providing visual aids and supplementary materials, the textbook can effectively support students in their pursuit of knowledge in pharmacy and English proficiency.。
药理学医学英语词汇.
协同作用 治疗效应 治疗指数 阈浓度 毒性反应
Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics
英文 absorption active transport apparent volume of distribution(vd) bioavailability biotransformation blood-brain-barrier clearance, cl distribution drug transport rate elimination enzyme inducer enzyme inhibitor first order kinetics first-pass effect half life( t1/2) hepatoenteral circulation maintenance dose metabolism one-compartment model passive diffusion peak concentration (cmax ) placental barrier redistribution of drugs steady state concentration(css ) Plateau concentration time-concentration curve two-compartment model zero order kinetics
中文 卡巴胆碱 胆碱酯酶抑制剂 胆碱受体激动剂 调节麻痹 调节痉挛 加兰他敏 新斯的明 毒扁豆碱 毛果芸香碱 有机磷酸酯类 胆碱酯酶复活剂
Chapter 7 Cholinoceptor blocking drugs
英文
anisodamine
atropine
homatropine
pirenzepine
药学英语1复习重点资料
Unit4 TextAchemotherapy化学疗法pharmacology药理学pharmaceutics药剂学Toxicology毒理学pharmaceutical analysis药物分析pharmacognosy 生药学pharmacopoeia 药典hybrid science交叉学科approach vt. (着手)探讨/处理,(开始)对付biotransformation n. 生物转化chemotherapeutic(al)adj.化学治疗的; n .化学治疗剂clinician n. 临床医生diagnosis n. 诊断(法)edema n. 浮肿,水肿embrace vt. 包含,包括excretion n. 排泄(物),分泌(物) extrapolate v. 推断,推知; ~ to 推广到... genetics n. 遗传学immunological adj. 免疫的,免疫学的intoxication n. 中毒; 醉酒parasite n. 寄生生物pathology n. 病理学; 病理,病状pharmacognosy n. 生药学,药材学pharmacotherapeuticsn. 药物治疗学,药物疗法preclinical adj. 临床用以前的,临床前的renal adj. 肾（脏）的saluretic adj. (促)尿食盐排泄的; n.(促)尿食盐排泄剂renal physiology and of the pathogenesis of edema.肾脏生理学和水肿发病机制therapy n. 疗法,治疗(力,效果) pharmacology embraces the knowledge of包含以下内容any chemical agent化学物质absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion吸收、分布、生物转化及排泄dosage剂量concentration 浓度intensity强度biochemistry and enzymology生物化学和酶学the active and passive transfer主动和被动转移及分布biological membranes生物膜biochemical and physiological effects生化生理作用mechanisms of action 活性机制an experimental medical science 实验医学pharmacodynamics.药效学ramification 分支correlation 相互关系structure-activity relationships“结构-活性”关系animal pharmacology and comparative pharmacology动物药理学和比较药理学the prevention and treatment 防治stimulate or depress 促进或抑制symptoms症状eliminate除去，杀灭desired effects 积极作用undesired effects.消极作用adverse effects副作用intoxication.中毒，喝醉carcinogenicity致癌性teratogenicity致畸性mutagenicity致突变diverse clinical signs and symptoms.各种临床症状和体征Idiosyncratic特异性反应pathophysiology病理生理学genetic or immunological遗传学和免疫学occur infrequently .发生率较低continuous reactions持续反应long-term drug use长期用药delayed reactions延迟反应alkylating agents leading to carcinogenesis烷化剂致癌teratogenesis致畸end-of-use reactions停药反应withdrawal syndromes戒断-综合征discontinuation停止antidepressants ：抗抑郁depressants 镇静剂fatality-fatalities死亡hepatic or renal disease肝肾疾病Intrinsic ：内在因素surveillance pharmacovigilance监视药物警戒性high degree of sensitivity and specificity高度的敏感性和针对性detect rare but severe 罕见但严重predisposing factors易感因素Continued surveillance is mandatory持续性监测成为了一种强制性措施Early (phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ) trials are important for assessing the tolerability and dose-response relationship of new therapeutic agents.早期（Ⅰ/Ⅱ期）试验对于评价新药的耐受性和量效关系非常重要。
英语药剂第1节.
Tablets
Their shape and dimensions are determined by use of various shaped punches and dies. 它们的形状和大小是由不同形状的冲 它们的形状和大小是由不同形状的冲 冲模决定的 头和冲模决定的
Types of Tablets
Compressed Tablets (C.T.)
压制片
Types of Tablets
In addition to the medicinal agent(s), compressed tablets usually contain a number of pharmaceutical adjuncts including (a) diluents or fillers, which add the necessary bulk to a formulation to prepare tablets of the desired size; 除了药物以外，压制片通常含有一些药用辅料， 除了药物以外，压制片通常含有一些药用辅料，包括 (a)稀释剂或填充剂，用于使片剂具有必需的体积 稀释剂或填充剂， 稀释剂或填充剂
Types of Tablets
The various types of tablets are described as follows, with their common abbreviations in parentheses. 各种各样的片剂将在下面讨论， 各种各样的片剂将在下面讨论，它们的简写在相应的括 号中。 号中。
Types of Tablets
Tablets for oral, buccal, sublingual or vaginal administration may be prepared by compression. 用于口服、口腔、舍下或阴道给药的片剂可以压制而成。 用于口服、口腔、舍下或阴道给药的片剂可以压制而成。
《药学英语》PPT教学课件-unit 1
中国制药行业的外资情况
尽管存在着文化、种族和法规的差异， 越来越多的外国公司开始在中国进行多个 实验中心的三期临床实验。
The basic means of China's absorption of foreign investments
1. Sino-foreign joint ventures 2. Cooperative businesses 3. Exclusively foreign-owned enterprises 4. Joint exploitation 5. Foreign-funded share-holding companies 6. New types of foreign investment
中国制药行业的外资情况
追溯到1980年，日本大冢制药有限公司在 中国创立了第一个中外合资制药企业：中国大 冢制药有限公司。紧接着，1982年，瑞典法玛 西亚制药公司在中国建立了第一个欧洲合资企 业：无锡中国瑞典制药公司。到1995年，根据 PJB出版的1997年中国制药市场指南统计：在 中国已经有1500家中外合资制药企业注册。
Eighteen of the top 20 global pharmaceutical giants have entered into these arrangements. Germany's Bayer has nine joint ventures in China, with a total investment of US $160 million investment. Switzerland Roche has seven, and a US $130 million investment.
药学英语 全国行业英语系列统编教材Unit1 PartB
进口药英文说明书的结构简介一药品说明书的作用药品说明书即为附在每种药品包装盒里的一份用药说明。
经过注册的进口药品一般是国家承认的有效药物，其说明书是指导医生与患者合理用药的重要依据，具有一定的法律效力。
二“药品说明书”的英文表达曾经用来表示药品说明书的英文单词或者短语包括：Instructions、Description、Leaflet、Datasheets、Package Insert。
现阶段，通常用来表示药品说明书的英文是Package Insert，简称Insert。
三大多数药品英文说明书包括内容①药品名称(Drug Names)②性状(Description)③药理作用(Pharmaceutical Actions)④适应症(Indications)⑤禁忌（症）(Contraindications)[ 'kɔntrə,indi'keiʃən ]⑥用量与用法(Dosage and Administration) dosage ['dəusidʒ] n.⑦不良反应(Adverse Reactions) adverse ['ædvə:s] adj.⑧注意事项(Precautions) [pri'kɔ:ʃən]⑨包装(Package)⑩贮存(Storage) ['stɔridʒ]其他项目(Others)第1节药品名称一）In Package Insert, Drug Name includes: Trade Name(商品名), Generic Name（通用名）and Chemical Name（化学名）.The common name is Trade Name.例如，日本田边有限公司生产的熊去氧胆酸片，其商品名为Ursosan (Tablets)；通用名为Ursodesoxycholic Acid（熊去氧胆酸）；化学名为3α，7β- dihydroxy - 5β- cholanoic acid（3α，7β- 二羟基- 5β- 胆烷酸）。
药学英语上册考点整理
Introduction1、Pharmacy:①药学；②药店。
Pharmacodynamics(药物效应学)Pharmacology(病理学)Pharmacokinetic (药物代谢动力学)<ADME>Pharmaceutics(药剂学)2、Plural forms-a(-ae) : mocosa →mucosae formula →formulae(处方)-um(-a) : bacterium →bacteria spectum →spectra(光谱)-us(-i) : fungus →fungi coccus →cocci(球菌)4、Cell : basic living unit of structures & functions of the body①general cell structures & components②general mechanisms for changing nutritions to energy③deliver end products into their surrounding fluid④almost all have the ability to reproduceNotes:(1)WEBSITES:CDA. FDA. WHO.(2)ADME:Absorbtio(吸收) →Distribution(分布) →Mechanism(代谢) →Excretion(排出)(3)formula prescription recipe 中药处方UNIT 1 TEXT A1、Physiology(生理学):Phisiology isa the functions of living matter.It is concerned with how an organisn performs its varied activities.Pathology（病理学）:Pathoology is the science of disease.Pathophysiology(病理生理学):Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.2、人体组成分级、类别cells(细胞)→tissues(组织)→organs(器官)→organ systems(系统)→organism(人体)3、The principle types of tissuesepithecal(上皮组织) connective(结缔组织) nervous(神经组织) muscular(肌肉组织)4、Cardiovavascular system(心血管组织)①组成：1）the heart 心脏2）blood vessels 血管3）associated tissues 相关联的组织②心脏结构：four chambers,two atria(心房) and two venticles(心室).③血循环过程1）Pulmonary circuit(肺循环): The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.2）Systemtic circuit(体循环): The left ventricles pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues.5、Anabolism(合成代谢)Catabolism(分解代谢)6、内分泌和神经系统特点和区别：1）The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells. 2）The endocrine system secretes chemical agents,homones,which travel in the bloodstream to the cells upon which theyexert a regulary effect.7、Homeostasis （稳态）：①定义：1)The process of stabilization of the internal environment/2)Maintanance of relatively constant chemical/physical conditions of the internal environment[stabl e≠rigidity]②作用：Homeostasis regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable,constant condition of properties like temperature or pH.8、How to regulate the internal environment(one example)P5[Taking one example,the beating``````]Notes:Body Fluids 体液Extracellular fluid (ECF) 细胞外液→internal environment（内环境）Intracellular fluid (ICF) 细胞内液UNIT 3 TEXT B1、Antibiotic: chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism.分类：①(?) 1）Antibacterial antibiotics(抗菌抗生素) 2）Antineoplastic antibiotics(抗癌抗生素)②1）cell wall inhibitors2）protein synthesis inhibitors3）folic acid inhibitors4）DNA synthesis inhibitors5）RNA synthesis inhibitors2、cross-infection(交叉感染)Super-infection(双重感染)3、不良反应：1）anaphylactic shock(过敏性休克)2）gastrointestinal disorder 肠胃失调；sore mouth 口腔溃疡；cramps 痉挛；diarrhea 腹泻；anal itch 肛痒UNIT 4 TEXT B1、Adverse drug reactions(ADR):unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic does.2、Type A 和Type B 的区别1）Type A:①a consequence of the drug’s main pharmacological effect/predictable from pharmacological(药理学的) effect;②dose-related and usually mild;③usually due to incorrect dosage.2）Type B:①not predictable from the drug’s main pharmacological action;②not dose-related and severe with considerable mortality(死亡率);③The underlying pathophysiology (潜在的病理)of type B reactions is poorly if at all understood,and often has a genetic or immunological (免疫学的)basis;④occur infrequently(罕见的).3、Type C、D、E的概念Type C ：continuous reactions due to long-term drug useType D ：delayed reactionsType E ：end-of-use reactions3、Phase I/II/III Trials①Early(phase I/II) tials are important for assessing the tolerability and dose-response relationship of new therapeutic agents.②Phase III clinical trials can establish the incidence of common adverse reactions and relate this to therapeutic benefit. UNIT 5 TEXT B1、Lead compounds(先导物)①定义②特点2、Strategies in the Search for New Lead Compounds①②③④UNIT 7 TEXT B1、Controlled-release Technology 控释技术分类：①biodegradable polymers(可生物降解的聚合物);②maze escape(迷宫逃脱);③transmucosal delivery(透膜传递系统);④osmotic devices(渗透装置);⑤liposomes(脂质体)2、Liposomes 脂质体P1003、脂质体被机体视为外来入侵物应如何解决？P101UNIT 8 TEXT A1、Analysis chemistry(分析化学) is concerned with the chemical characterization of matter and the answers to two important questions:what is it qualitative and how much is it quantative.2、Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses[pl]区别：①Qualitative analyses deal with the identification of elements(元素),ions(离子),or compounds(化合物) present ina sample;②Quantitative analses deal with the determonation of how much of one or more constituents(成分) is present.4、P110(In comparing qualitative versus quantitative analysis``````)介绍分析化学的应用：奥运会对违禁药品(bannedsubstances)的检验等UNIT 10 TEXT A1、USP(the United States Pharmacopoeia)美国药典内容: ①drugs; ②biologics; ③medical devices(医疗器械);④dietary supplements(补充剂);⑤compounded preparations(联合用药).UNIT 11 TEXT A1、P161 (The package insert,by legal definition``````)2、P162(American Academy of Pediatrics``````)Off-label useUNIT 12 TEXT A1、Drug development aims to produce a novel therapeutic agent which is superior in efficacy to existing remedies andwhich causes less frequent or less severe adverse effects.2、Drug development strategies①Random screening(随机筛选)②molecular roulette(分子轮盘赌);③Minor structural cahnges in existing agents(在已有药物上做小的改变)④Programmed basic research with synthesis of specific chemical(有计划地研究特定化合物合成)⑤Clinical observation of drug action in practice(临床实验观察药物作用)3、LD50 : the dose that kills 50% of animals(半数致死量)ED50: the dose causing 50% of maximum pharmacological response(半数有效量)治疗指数Therapeutic index(Ti) = LD50/ED504、三致反应：teratogenic effect 致畸mutagenicity 致突变carcinogenicity 致癌5、Enteral(经肠的) oral — swallowingThe route of administration intramuscular(IM) 肌肉注射Parenteral（非经肠的）subcutaneous(SC) 皮下注射Intravenous(IV) 静脉注射Intraperitoneal(IP) 腹腔注射6、Experimental pharmacology(实验期药理学)mouse（小鼠）→rat（大鼠）→hare（兔子）→dog →monkeyTEXT B1、Clinical EvaluationPhase 1 : determine whether the drug can be given to man without serious symptoms or toxicity, and whether it has the desired(强烈的) pharmacological effects.Phase 2 : determine whether the new drug has the desired effect on patients with the appropriate disease.Phase 3 : progression to large scale clinical trials to determine how the new drug compares in clinical practice with existing remedies,and to establish its profile of action and frequency of adverse effects.Phase 4 : collect the information on low-frequency adverse effects.UNIT 14 TAXT A1、A good number of products found in the grocery or drug store are regulated by the FDA.(①food;②drugs;③cosmetics;④the use of radiological products;⑤all of these products are honestly and informatively labeled.)2、FDA’s goal is to ensure industry’s compliance with federal laws regulating products in commerce.UNIT 14 TAXT B1、FDA审评新药的根本原则：the benefits outweigh the risks(收益风险比)2、1938年法案：Providing evidence of safety before marketing was first required.(第一次规范性规定安全性证明)1962年法案：It was first required to show a drug’s effectiveness before marketing.(反应停事件为背景，药物上市前的有效性提出法案)2、新药研发Lead conpound →NCEs →animals →clinical trials →NDA新药申请：IND(investigational new drug application): before the clinical trialsNDA(new drug applications): after the phase III for marketing3、Review Time: always longer than 180 workdays.Average approval time is more like 2 years.4、Why the reviewer purge trade secrets from documents requested under the Freedom of Information Act?5、Priorities1)AIDS drugs; 2) drugs that offer a significant medical advance over existing therapies for any other disease.6、be approved for marketingFinal Actions: be approvable provided minor changes are madeBe not approvable because of major problemsIn the last case, the applicant can then amend or withdraw the NDA or ask for a hearing.7、”grandfathered”:most prescription and over-the-counter(OTC) drugs that were on the market before the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act passed in 1938.That means they are allowed on the market without the stringent proof of safety and effectiveness required of later drugs.。
药学英语
药学英语1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical EnglishPharmaceutical English is a specialized form of language used in the field of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It involves the use of specific terminology, scientific vocabulary, and communication skills necessary for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry. This document ms to provide an overview of Pharmaceutical English and its importance in the field of pharmacy.2. Importance of Pharmaceutical EnglishEffective communication is crucial in any professional setting, and the field of pharmacy is no exception. As professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals need to communicate with colleagues, patients, and medical professionals from different parts of the world. Pharmaceutical English enables them to communicate their ideas, present research findings, and collaborate with peers effectively.3. Pharmaceutical English VocabularyPharmaceutical English vocabulary comprises a wide range of terms and phrases related to drug development, manufacturing, research, and regulatory requirements. Here are some commonly used terms:•Generic name: The official, nonproprietary name for a drug.•Brand name: The trademarked name given to a particular pharmaceutical product.•Dosage form: The physical form in which a drug is administered, such as tablets, capsules, or injections.•Pharmacokinetics: The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.•Adverse reaction: A negative response to a drug, which can range from mild side effects to life-threatening conditions.It is essential for pharmaceutical professionals to familiarize themselves with these terms to ensure effective communication within the industry.4. Pharmaceutical English Writing SkillsIn addition to vocabulary, pharmaceutical professionals also need to develop strong writing skills in English. Clear and concise writing is essential for various purposes, such as preparing research papers, lab reports, drug monographs, and patient information leaflets. Here are some tips for improving pharmaceutical English writing skills:•Use appropriate scientific language and terminology.•Organize your thoughts logically and structure your writing appropriately.•Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling.•Avoid excessive jargon and use pln language whenever possible.•Revise and proofread your work to ensure clarity and accuracy.5. Pharmaceutical English Speaking SkillsEffective spoken communication is equally important in the pharmaceutical industry, especially when presenting research findings, discussing clinical cases, or communicating with patients. Here are some tips for improving pharmaceutical English speaking skills:•Practice pronunciation of pharmaceutical terms.•Use appropriate intonation and stress to convey your message clearly.•Speak at an appropriate pace and use pauses effectively.•Listen actively and ask clarifying questions when necessary.•Seek opportunities to practice speaking English, such as attending conferences or joining discussion groups.6. Resources for Learning Pharmaceutical EnglishThere are several resources avlable to help pharmaceutical professionals improve their English language skills:•Textbooks and online courses specifically designed for pharmaceutical English.•Scientific journals and publications in the field of pharmacy.•Online forums and discussion groups where professionals can interact and practice English.•Language exchange programs, which allow professionals to practice speaking English with native speakers.7. ConclusionPharmaceutical English plays a vital role in the field of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It enables professionals to communicate effectively, present research findings, and collaborate with colleagues from different parts of the world. By improving their pharmaceutical English skills, professionals can enhance their career prospects and contribute to the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry. It is essential for pharmaceutical professionals to invest time and effort into developing their language skills to excel in their field.。
Unit one Pharmacopoeia(完整版
（二）商品名(trade name，Brand name) 药品说明书上一般均用商品名,即由生产厂商 命名并向该国专利局或商标局注册核准专用 的名称.其右上角标有R符号,表示“注册商标” (Registered Trademark或 Trademark Rights) （三）化学名称（Chenical name）
9.生物碱 (Alkaloids含量测定) 10.重金属含量测定 (Heave Metals) 11.干燥失重 (Loss on Drying) 12.酸不溶性灰份 (Sulphated Ash) 13.标明 (Labelling) 14.贮藏 (Storage) 15.制剂 (Preparation) 16.作用和用途 (Action and Use) 17.剂量范围 (Usual Dose Range)
（一）各论的结构
1、题录部分的内容
A主标题 （Main Title） B副标题（Subtitle） C结构式（Molecule Structure） D化学式（Chemical Formular） E分子量（Molecular weight） F化学文摘登记号（The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number）
二、性状（DESCRIPTION)
三、临床药理学（clinical pharmacology)
1.临床药理学
(Clinical Pharmacology)
2.临床数据
(Clinical Data)
3.临床经验 (Clinical Experience) 4.临床应用 (Clinical Use)
说明书包括以下内容 一、药物名称
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Increasingly well-informed consumers who are sophisticated about health care and eager for more detailed information about drugs and their effects
Community pharmacy Health-systems pharmacy Nuclear pharmacy Industrial pharmacy Governmental pharmacy
The practice of pharmacy in any given state is regulated by that state and the Board of Pharmacy within that state.
The law requires applicants for licensure:
• To be of good moral character • Have graduated from an ACPE accredited first professional degree program
• Have passed an examination given by the Board of Pharmacy
Professional Courses:
•Pharmacology •Medicinal chemistry •Pharmaceutics •Biopharmaceutics •The clinical-pharmacy externships •Social and administrative pharmacy •Pharmacy law
•Clinical-pharmacy practice and rotation •Clinic-related pharmacy research •Licensure requirements •Residency and fellowship •Pharmacist≥Doctor
•Some hospitals
Comparison of pharmacy in US and China
Open for discussion
Comparison of pharmacy in US and China
•Pharm D degree
Байду номын сангаас
•B Pharm degree
•Clinical pharmacy service in everywhere
Is the art and science of
preparing and dispensing medications and the provision of drug-related information to the public.
The interpretations of prescription orders
The Millis Report :
Pharmacy should be conceived basically as a knowledge system that render a health service by concerning itself with understanding drugs and their effects.
The compounding, labeling and dispensing of drugs and devices Drug product selection and drug utilization reviews Patient monitoring and intervention The provision of cognitive services related to the use of medications and devices
Degree in pharmacy
Pharm D: Doctor of Pharmacy BS Pharm: Bachelor of Science Pharmacy B Pharm: Bachelor of Pharmacy
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) (1900)
Opportunities for students to specialize or minor in certain professional areas:
•Hospital / institutional pharmacy •Nuclear pharmacy •Management •Various research specialties
• Be 21 years of age
The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)
Factors to increase job opportunities
The increased pharmaceutical needs of a larger and older population
Chapter 1
Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacist
Lesson 1: Scope of Pharmacy
梁海海 (haihailiang@)
Department of Pharmacology
Harbin Medical University
The likelihood of scientific advances that will provide more drug products for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease New developments in administering medication
•Short Clinical practice •Experimental pharmacy research •Doctor>Pharmacist
1. Overview of pharmacy 2. Education 3. Licensure requirements 4. Careers 5. Graduate education
Grading
Attendance Group Projects Final
1. Overview of pharmacy 2. Education 3. Licensure requirements 4. Careers 5. Graduate education
1. What does pharmacy involve? What is the mission of pharmacy? 2. What are the differences of pharmacists in China and the US? 3. What are the requirements for the Pharm D in US? What about in China? 4. Do the candidates for licensure need to have practical experience?
Millis Report (1966) :
Sponsored by the American Medical Association (AMA)
Became a forerunner for the development of Family Practice residency programs. Dr. Millis became known as the “grandfather of Family Practice.”
American Pharmacists Association (1952)
The mission of pharmacy
The profession responsible for the appropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.
professional in today’s society
Prerequisite Courses:
•Mathematics
•Physical science •Biological science
Find their way into many of the upper-level professional pharmacy courses
Accrediation Council for Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) (1932)
General Education:
•Social sciences •Humanities •Arts •History Provide the broad general •Literature education required of a
pharmaceutical care.
The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.
•Pharmaceutics
•Industrial pharmacy •Pharmacology •Pharmaceutical / medicinal chemistry •Pharmacognosy
•Social and administrative pharmacy