考研英语二真题手译翻译2006

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2006-2011二级笔译实务真题及答案

2011年5月翻译考试二级笔译实务原文第一篇英译汉Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last —and yield —nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its owner —a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler — has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2010, but by forest instead of highways and houses.It was a precarious operation at the start —as all farming was in the new colonies—and it became precarious enough again in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it can’t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite “exhaustion of resources”as the reason to sell the farm. The exhausted resources they list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not mention soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly.It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale agriculture — heavily subsidized by the government — underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2010, it is suddenly superfluous, or so we like to pretend.尽管导致农民破产的原因有很多，但很少农民仅仅是因为土地失去肥力而破产，这可以算是一个农业奇迹。

2006年5月CATTI_二级笔译实务真题及详解

2006年5月【英译汉必译题】For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002. Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, the largest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in larger numbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends 600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand and Sri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. This behavior is a sharp change from the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said."During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."2006年5月【英译汉二选一】【试题1】Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year."It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle,a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat."The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.2006年5月【试题2】Some people call him “Guidone”—big Guido. Large in both physical stature and reputation, Guido Rossi, who took over as Telecom Italia's chairman on September 15th following the surprise resignation of Marco Tronchetti Provera, has stood out from the Italian business crowd for more than three decades. Mr. Rossi, who attended Harvard law school in the 1950s and wrote a book on American bankruptcy law, made his name as a corporate lawyer keen on market rules and their enforcement. He has since worked in both private and public sectors, including stints in the Italian Senate and as one of the European Commission's group of company-law experts. As well as running a busy legal practice, he also has a reputation as a corporate troubleshooter and all-round Mr Fix-It, and is often called upon to clean up organisations in crisis.His role at Telecom Italia marks a return to the company he headed for ten months in 1997, during its politically tricky and legally complex privatisation. Before that, Mr Rossi had been sent in to sort out Ferruzzi-Montedison, an agri-business and chemicals group, which had collapsed after magistrates uncovered tangentopoli (“bribesville”). Last year his legal scheming was crucial in ABN Amro's victorious bid for Banca Antonveneta. Most recently, he acted as special commissioner at Italy's football association, where he was drafted in to sort out the mess after a massive match-rigging scandal exploded earlier this year.Alas, his efforts to bleach football's dark stains produced the same meagre[4] results as his other efforts to get Italian business and finance to change its ways. “Like Italians when tangentopoli burst, fans wanted justice when the scandal broke; but en thusiasm for legality quickly waned,” sighs Francesco Saverio Borrelli, Milan's former chief prosecutor, who headed the city's assault on corruption during the 1990s and was appointed by Mr Rossi to dig out football's dirt.The political muscle of the clubs prevented tough measures being taken against them, reflecting Italy's two-tier justice system in which the rich and powerful can do what they like. “Economic interests in football far outweigh sporting interests,” remarks Mr Borrelli. The rottenness in fo otball shocked even the unshakeable Mr Rossi. “Football did not want rules, it just wanted me to solve its problems,” he says. Despairing of being able to change much, he resigned in September and turned his attention to Telecom Italia.【汉译英】【试题一】亚洲是我们共同的家园，亚洲的和平、稳定、发展关系到亚洲各国人民的共同命运。

2006年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

但为君故系列
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出时顺便看看。RSC 主张，是看戏者给城镇带来大量的税收，因为他们通常花整晚上时间（有些是四到五个晚上）在旅馆或饭店里大量消费。然而游览者在当天的黄昏前就能把所有事情做完了，然后离开小镇。当地居民并不这么认为，地方政府也直接没有给予 RSC 补贴。Stratford 一向都会哭穷。然而城镇上每一家旅馆似乎都增加了新的部门或是鸡尾酒酒吧。希尔顿也在这儿建了一座自己的酒店，这里肯定可以能看到被装饰一新的哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，Lear 休息室，宴会厅等等。进一步说，这里消费将很贵。总之，居民不明白为什么 RSC 需要补贴。（剧院已经打破了连续三年以来的就座率纪录。去年整年的 1431 个座位的就坐率达到了 94%，今年将会更高。）当然，原因是，演戏的花费高了，然而票价仍然很低。大幅增加票价是一件很为难的事情，因为这样会把 Stratford 的最有魅力的顾客－年轻人赶走。他们完全是为了戏而来，不是为风景。他们看起来都一个样（虽然他们从各个地方而来） ——消瘦、率直、专注的脸庞，穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着小圆面包，在剧场外的石板上过夜，以便能买得到 20 张座票和 80 张站票，这些票都是为那些睡觉的人准备的，并且在票房第二天上午 10 点半开始售票时就卖给他们。 26. 从文章的前两段可知 A 该镇居民否认 RSC 对增加该镇收入有贡献 B RSC 的演员在台上台下都模仿莎士比亚 C RSC 的两个分支机构关系不好 D 该镇居民从旅游业获利很少 27. 从第三段可以推断出 A 观光客不能分开游览沃里克城堡和布兰汉姆宫 B 看戏者比观光客花钱多 C 观光客比看戏者购物多 D 看戏者在镇上只光顾剧院，哪儿也不去 28. 作者提到“Stratford cries poor traditionally”（第四段第二行），其暗含的意思是 A 斯特拉福镇无法负担扩建计划的费用 B 斯特拉福镇长期处于经济困难状态 C 该镇并不真正缺钱 D 该镇居民过去收入很低 29. 在斯特拉福镇居民看来，RSC 不应该获得拨款，因为 A 可以提高票价来支付开销 B 公司财务管理不善 2016 硕士研究生入学考试但为君故

06年11月二笔实务答案汉英翻译参考译文

Section 2: 汉译英Part BTo uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times.Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.。

2006年TEXT2语篇分析(考研英语)

一、文章出处及论证方式本文摘自The Observer（《观察家报》）一篇题为Inside Meaning的社会科学类文章，主要采用的是“花开两朵型”的对比式论证方法。

全文围绕莎士比亚家乡小镇上两大支柱产业及其利益集团之间的矛盾斗争展开论述。

两大支柱产业都以莎士比亚为依托，但境遇却大相径庭：旅游业如火如荼，蒸蒸日上，剧院演出却如履薄冰，身陷困境。

镇上的居民对剧院表示不满，认为它没给小镇带来财政收入，反而制造了喧嚣；剧院却认为戏迷们不像游客一样早上来，晚上就离开，而是在小镇住下来，因此给小镇带来了大量的财政收入。

居民还认为剧院不应享受政府补贴，因为剧场上座率很高，而且还在持续上升，但作者反驳这一观点，认为目前的票价太低导致剧院收入不足，而提高票价又容易吓跑最具有吸引力的年轻人，从而暗示了政府对剧院进行财政补贴的必要性。

文中第三段对看戏者和观光客的详细描述有力地反驳了“小镇居民认为剧院没有为小镇带来收入”的观点。

第四段作者通过描述小镇大兴土木的情景驳斥了政府不资助RSC的理由。

最后一段通过描述年轻戏迷们节衣缩食地赶来看戏的壮观场景，支持了剧院不提高票价的做法。

由此可见，作者对剧院持同情和支持的态度。

全文语言精炼，行文流畅，逻辑清晰，结构严整，论证过程中，作者通过对比和暗示的手法将自己的观点隐蔽地穿插其中。

在论证步骤方面作者追求稳扎稳打，步步为营的论证策略，按照“提出问题—解决问题—提出新问题—解决新问题”的步骤逐步将论证推向高潮。

把握好作者的这一策略对于破解文章主题，理清文章脉络，划分段落结构具有重要意义。

本文在论证方式上还有一个鲜明的特点，就是作者频繁地使用了对比的论证方法(如第一段、第三段)，从而大大加强了其结论的说服力。

在对比过程中作者以暗示的方式将自己对矛盾双方的态度隐藏在客观性的描述中，这就要求读者必须透过字里行间去体味作者的情感立场。

二、语篇分析Ⅰ①Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry — William Shakespeare — but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. ②There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. ③And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.众所周知，埃文河畔的斯特福特镇只有一个产业——威廉·莎士比亚产业，但是却有两个泾渭分明且敌意日渐升温的派别。

2006考研英语（二）真题

2006年考研英语（二）真题Section II Cloze(10 points)Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices，21 hat businesses were still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.The Producer Price Index 23 measures what producers receive for goods and services，24 1 percent in July.The Labor Department reported yesterday. Double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June.Excluding 26 and energy.the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent，27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had 28 .Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday，the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were 31 0.5 percent over all，and up 0.1 percent，excluding food and energy.32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs，which increased 4.4 percent in the month.(Wholesale food prices 34 0.3 percent in July. 35 July 2004，Wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent，the core rate 36 2.8 percent，its fastest pace since 1995. )Typically，increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similarchanges in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion，which started 39 the end of 2001，that has not been the 40 .In fact，many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products .21.A indicate B to indicate C indicating Dindicated22.A of B to C by D from23.A that B which C it D this24.Arise B rises C rose D raised25.A that B what C which D this26.A food B grain C crop Ddiet27.A less B lower C higher D more28.A said B reported C calculated D forecast29.A expectable B.unexpected C expectation D expecting30.A prices B costs C charges D values31.A down B from C to D up32.A Much B Most C Most of D Much of33.A was B were C is D are34.A fall B fell C falls D has fallen35.A Comparing with B In comparison C Compared with D Compare to36.A dropped B declined C lifted D climbed37.A as B so C while D when38.A And B But C Yet D Still39.A at B by C in D to40.A condition B situation C matter D caseSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation (计算机自动化).Word processors and typists will lose about 93，000 jobs over the next few years，while 57，000 secretarial jobs will vanish.Blame the PC: Today，many executives type their own memos and carry there" secretaries" in the palms of their hands.Time is also hard for stock clerks，whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68，000.And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line.Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies.When new technologies shook up the telecomm business，telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining.She is now a communications technician，earning about $ 64，000 per year.Of course，if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years，and you find yourself replaced by an E ZPass machine，it may be of littleconsolation(安慰) to know that the telecom field is booming.And that's just it: The service economy is fading: welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy.To succeed in the new job market，you must be able to handle complex problems.Indeed，all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---demand at least a bachelor's degree.For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书)。

2006年5、11月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题

2006 年5 月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题第一部分英译汉必译题For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel isexpected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002. Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, the largest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in larger numbers than last year,according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand and Sri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. This behavior is a sharp change from the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said."During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."韩老师参考译文：尽管过去的一年天灾人祸不断，但这丝毫没有影响人们出游的兴致，出游意愿空前高涨。

2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)

2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)SectionⅠUse of English篇章导读本文是一篇论说文。

文章的主题是"英才通才教育"。

作者在文章开头就提出了一个具有选择性的问题："如果我们只是需要决定是把基本的科学传授给每个人，还是找一些有才华的人，引领他们变得更出色，那么我们的工作将会相当容易。

"随后作者从"the education in public school，the balance among the branches of knowledge and the balance between current and classical knowledge"三个方面来论述在教育中保持知识平衡的重要性。

解读文章时注意作者的客观态度。

思路解析1「答案」[C]「解析」"选择"。

根据文章一致性原则，"choice"与文章第一句中的"decide决定"形成呼应，根据原文"decide whether......or......"所以下文就应该是对其有所"选择choice"或没有"选择choice"。

而选项[A]"（与属性区别的）本质：the entity of justice 正义的本质"，[B]"拍卖；（某些纸牌戏中的）叫牌；叫牌阶段"，[D]"结合体，联合；（政党、个人、国家等）临时结成的联盟"是本题的干扰，均不形成呼应，不符合题意。

「解析」"因为"。

"for"与文章第一段第三句中的"Because we depend......"构成搭配，均表示解释原因。

而选项[A][B][C]均不用于解释原因，不符合原文意思。

2006考研英语翻译

Text1虽然美国无休止的谈论个性，但美国社会却是一个同化人的惊人机器。

流行文化有这样的特征：对衣着和谈吐民主的一致，对尊重的漫不经心。

人们沉浸于兴起于19世纪百货商店的“消费文化”，它在“优雅的环境中”提供“大量的一排排的商品”，“而不是为精英阶层提供服务的私人商店”，这商店“如何阶层和背景的人都能进入。

将购物转变为一种公众和民主的行为”。

同质化的其他推动力有大众传媒，广告和体育。

移民迅速地适应了这种普适的文化，虽然这可能不是一种全体的提升，但也不是有毒害作用的。

国家移民论坛的执笔者，Gregory Rodriguez报告说，现在的移民既不是空前的水平，也不拒绝被同化。

1998年，移民占人口的9.8%;1900年为13.6%。

在1990年的前10年间，每1000个居民中会产生3.1个移民；在1890年的前10年间，这个数字为9.2。

现在，注意一下同化的三个指标——语言，房屋所有权，通婚。

1990人口普查显示“大部分来自15个最普遍使用语言的国家的移民在10年的定居之后英语说得的‘不错’或‘非常好’”。

移民的孩子趋于说两种语言而且精通英语。

“经过三代以后，大部分移民家庭基本不使用母语。

”因此，美国有了语言“墓地”的称号。

到1996年，1970年之前到达美国的一代移民，他们的房屋所有权拥有率为75.6%，而生于美国的美国人为69.8%。

生于外国的亚洲人和西班牙人“有比本土美国白人和黑人更高的通婚率”。

到第三代的时候，三分之一的西班牙裔女性嫁给了非西班牙裔，相似的对于亚洲裔美国女人来说是41%。

Rodriguez提到世界各地遥远的村庄中的孩子们们都是像阿诺施瓦辛格和加斯布鲁斯这样超级明星的粉丝，然而“一些美国人怕来美国生活的移民会对这种同化的力量产生免疫”。

在美国有强烈的分歧和许多火热的愤怒吗？确实有。

而且很严重。

但明确地是，当与美国过去的动荡相比，从如今美国的社会指数很难看出社会环境是黑暗和退化的。

2006年考研英语二真题和答案

2006年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIVocabulary〔10points〕Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentencetherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceThenblackenthe correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.1.Insomecountriesgirlsarestill_____ofagoodeducation.A.denied.B.declinedC.derivedD.deprived2.Astheyearspassed,thememoriesofherchildhood______away.A.fadedB.disappearedC.flashedD.fired3.Brierley’sbookhasthe________ofbeingbothinformativeandreadable.A.inspirationB.requirementsC.mythD.merit4.IfIhaveanycommentstomake,I’llwritetheminthe______ofthebookI’mreadingA.edgeB.pageC.marginD.side5.My________wouldreallytroublemeifIworeafurcoat.A.consciousnessB.consequenceC.constitutionD.conscience6.Whenthepostfell_______,DennisBasswasappointedtofillit.A.emptyB.vacantC.hollowD.bare7.Motherwhotakescareofeverybodyisusuallythemost_________personineachfamily.A.considerateB.considerableC.consideringD.constant8.FortenyearstheGreeks_______thecityofTroytoseparateitfromtheoutside.A.capturedB.occupiedC.destroyedD.surrounded9.Otherguestsatyesterday'sopening,whichwasbroadcast______bytheradiostation,included AnneMclntoshandtheMayor.A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively10.ANewZealandmanwasrecently_____tolifeimprisonmentforthemurderofanEnglish tourist,MonicaCantwell.A.punishedB.accusedC.sentencedD.put11.Thepast22yearshavereallybeenamazing,andeverypredictionwe'vemadeabout improvementshaveallcome____A.trulyB.trueC.truthD.truthful12.Theteacherstriedto______thesestudentsthattheycouldsolvethecomplicatedproblem, however,theyjustdidn’tseethepoint.A.convinceB.encourageC.consultD.concern13.I'm_________tothinkthatmostchildrenwouldliketheirteacherstobetheirfriendsrather thantheircommanders.A.subjectedB.supposedC.declinedD.inclined14.Sheisundertheimpressionthatheisn’ta________personforhewouldn’ttellherwher whenhewenttouniversity.A.geniusB.generousC.genuineD.genetic15.ThefirstglassesofCoca-Colaweredrunkin1886.Thedrinkwasfirst_____byaUSchemist calledJohnPembertonA.formedB.madeC.foundD.done16.Thesetwochemicals______witheachotheratacertaintemperaturetoproduceasubstance whichcouldcauseanexplosion.A.interactB.attractC.reactD.expel17.________theycangetpeopleintheorganizationtodowhatmusthedone,theywillnot succeed.A.SinceB.UnlessC.IfD.Whether18.Onceyouhavestartedajob,youshoulddoit__________.A.inpracticeB.intheoryC.inearnestD.inahurry19.Althoughthenewlibraryservicehasbeenverysuccessful,itsfutureis______certain.A.atanyrateB.bynomeansC.byallmeansD.atanycost20.Tomysurprise,atyesterday'smeetingheagain________theplanthathadbeendisapproveda weekbefore.A.broughtaboutB.broughtoutC.broughtupD.broughtdownSectionIICloze(10points)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B, CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWETSHEETwithapencil. WholesalepricesinJulyrosemoresharplythanexpectedandatafasterratethanconsumerprices, 21thatbusinesseswerestillprotectingconsumers22thefullbrunt(冲击)ofhigherenergy costs.TheProducerPriceIndex,23measureswhatproducersreceiveforgoodsandservices, 241percentinJuly,theLaborDepartmentreportedyesterday,double25economistshad beenexpectingandasharpturnaroundfromflatpricesinJune.Excluding26andenergy,the coreindexofproducerpricesrose0.4percent,27thanthe0.1percentthateconomistshad 28.Muchofthatincreasewasaresultofan29increaseincarandtruckprices. OnTuesday,theLaborDepartmentsaidthe30thatconsumerspaidforgoodsandservicesin Julywere310.5percentoverall,andup0.1percent,excludingfoodandenergy.32theoverallriseinbothconsumerandproducerprices33causedbyenergycosts,which increased4.4percentinthemonth.(Wholesalefoodprices340.3percentinJuly.35July2004,wholesalepriceswereup4.6percent,thecorerate362.8percent,itsfastestpace since1995.Typically,increasesintheProducerPriceIndexindicatesimilarchangesintheconsumerindex 37businessesrecoup(补偿)highercostsfromcustomers.38formuchofthisexpansion,which started39theendof2001,thathasnotbeenthe40.Infact,manybusinesseslike automakershavebeenaggressivelydiscountingtheirproducts21.A.indicateB.toindicateC.indicatingD.indicated22.A.ofB.toC.byD.from23.A.thatB.whichC.itD.this24.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.raised25.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this26.A.foodB.grainC.cropD.diet27.A.lessB.lowerC.higherD.more28.A.saidB.reportedC.calculatedD.forecast29.A.expectableB.unexpectedC.expectationD.expecting30.A.pricesB.costsC.chargesD.values31.A.downB.fromC.toD.up32.A.MuchB.MostC.MostofD.Muchof33.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are34.A.fallB.fellC.fallsD.hasfallen35.AparingwithB.IncomparisonCparedwithDpareto36.A.droppedB.declinedC.liftedD.climbed37.A.asB.soC.whileD.when38.A.AndB.ButC.YetD.Still39.A.atB.byC.inD.to40.A.conditionB.situationC.matterD.caseSectionIIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageosfollowedbysomequestionsor unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmardedA,B,C,andD.Youshould decideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwitha pencil.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycompumation(计算机自动化).Word processorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarial jobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosandcarrytheir：“secretaries〞inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksare expectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeing replacedwithcomputerizedsystems. Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowing positionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecommbusiness, telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician, earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyou'vebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years, andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE¬-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittleconsolation(抚慰) toknowthatthetelecommfieldisbooming.Andthat'sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertise(专门知识)economy.To succeedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations---air-trafficcontroller---demandatleastabachelor’sdegree. Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma(毕业证书),It'sgoingtogettoughertofindawell-paying job.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,what'sleftwillbethejobsthat compumationcan’tkill:Computerscan’tcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimer'spatients(老年痴呆病人).But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcompumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedge(楔子)betweentherichandpoor. Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology. Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythat's reducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschoolwithouthavingtositina classroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudents currentlyenrolled,andit’sgainingcredibilitywithemployers.Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLaborStatistics'OccupationalOutlookHandbook,.41、Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrowninto unemploymentEXCEPT.A.secretariesB.stockclerksC.managersD.wholesalers42、InthesecondparagraphtheauthormentionsthetollboothcollectortoA.meanhewillgetbenefitsfromthetelecommfieldB.showheistoooldtoshifttoanewpositionC.consolehimonhavingbeenreplacedbyamachineD.blamethePCforhisunemployment43.Bysaying“┅compumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor〞(line5,Para.4)theauthormeansA.peoplearegettingricherandricherB.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoorC.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlargerD.it’stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor44、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscomputers?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.prejudiced45、Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofpassage?A.BlamingthePCB.TheboomingtelecommfieldC.InternetdistanceleaningD.KeepingupwithcompumationQuestion46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas. Thesediplomaswon'tlookanydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.Theirvalidity willbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesaresemiliterate(半文盲) Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducational–repairshops—adult–literacy programs,suchastheonewhereIteachbasicgrammarandwriting.There,high-schoolgraduates andhigh-schooldropoutspursuinggraduate-equivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillsthey shouldhavelearnedinschool,Theywillalsodiscovertheyhavebeencheatedbyoureducational system. Iwillneverforgetateacherwhogottheattentionofoneofmychildrenbyrevealingthetrumpcard offailure.Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalentsbut alwaysgotbyUntilMrs.Stifter.Oursonwashigh-schoolseniorwhenhehadherforEnglish.―Hesi t sinthebackoftheroom talkingtohisfriends.‖shetoldme,―Whydon'tyoum o ve r o h wi m?t o‖theIu f r o g n e t d,believing theembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown.Mrs.Stiftersaid,'Idon'tmoveseniors.Iflunk(使┅不及格)them.'Ourson'sacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.Noteacherhadeverthreatened him.BythetimeIgothomeIwasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.Itwasaradicalapproachforthese times,but,well,Whynot?―She'sgoingtoflunkyou.dmys‖on.ItolIdidnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglishbecameapriority(头等重要)inhislife.He finishedoutthesemesterwithanA.Iknowoneexampledoesn'tmakeacase,butatnightIseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangry forhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.Ofaverage intelligenceorbetter,theyeventuallyquitschool,concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish.I‖shouldhavebeenheldback,‖isacommentIhearfrequently.Evensadderare s t h u o d s e e n tswho arehigh-schoolgraduateswhosaytomeafterafewweeksofclass.‖Idon’tknowhowIevergot high-schooldiploma.‖Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthemandtheemployerswhoexpect graduatestohavebasicskills.Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscan'tlearnifthey comefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostoptothinkthatmostkidsdon'tputschoolfirst ontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatrisk.They'dratherbesailing.ManystudentsIseeatnighthavedecidedtomakeeducationapriority.Theyaremotivatedby thedesireforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonethey'vegot.Theyhaveahealthyfearof failure.Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems,buttheyneedtohaveareasontodoso.Young peoplegenerallydon'thavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudents valueit.Butfearoffailurecanmotivateboth.46.Whatisthesubjectofthisessay?A.viewpointonlearningB.aqualifiedteacherC.theimportanceofexaminationD.thegenerationgap47.HowdidMrs.Siftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthor’schildren?A.flunkinghimB.movinghisseatC.blaminghimD.playingcardwithhim48.TheauthorbelievesthatthemosteffectivewayforateacheristoA.purifytheteachingenvironments.B.setupcooperationbetweenteachersandparents.C.holdbackstudent.D.motivatestudent.49.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthors’attitudetowardflunkingisA.negativeB.positiveC.biasedD.indifferent50.Judgingfromthecontent,thispassageisprobablywrittenforA.administratorsB.studentsC.teachersD.parentsQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthecompetitiveworldofhighereducation.As collegesstriveformarketshare,theyarelookingfornamesthatprojecttheimagetheywantor reflectthechangestheyhopetomake.TrentonStateCollege,forexample,becametheCollegeof NewJerseynineyearsagowhenitbeganraisingadmissionsstandardsandappealingtostudents fromthroughoutthestate.―AllIhearinhighereducationis,Brand,brand,brand,‖saidTimWesterbeck,whospecializes inbrandingandismanagingdirectorofLipmanHearne,amarketingfirmbasedinChicagothat workswithuniversitiesandothernonprofitorganizations.―Therehasbeenaseachangeoverthe last10years.Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhighereducation.‖Notalleffortsatnamechangesaresuccessful,ofcourse.In1997,theNewSchoolforSocial ResearchbecameNewSchoolUniversitytoreflectitsgrowthintoacollectionofeightcolleges, offeringalistofmajorsthatincludespsychology,music,urbanstudiesandmanagement.ButNew YorkerscontinuedtocallittheNewSchool.Now,afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurveyandamarketingconsultant’scrof―namingstructures.‖―brandarchitecture‖and―identitys y s t e h m a s s,c omeu‖ptheuniversity withanewname:theNewSchool.BeginningMonday,itwilladoptnewlogos(标识)，banners, businesscardsandevennewnamesfortheindividualcolleges,alltoincludethewords“theNew School.〞Changesinnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhowacollegewantstobeperceived.In alteringitsnamefromCalState.Hayward,toCalState,EastBay,theuniversityhopedtoprojectits expandingroleintwomostlysuburbancountrieseastofSanFrancisco. TheUniversityofSouthernColorado,astateinstitution,becameColoradoStateUniversityat Pucblotwoyearsago,hopingtohighlightmanyinternalchanges,includingofferingmoregraduate programsandsettinghigheradmissionsstandards. BeaverCollegeturneditselfintoArcadiaUniversityin2001forseveralreasons:tobreakthe connectionwithitspastasawomen’scollege,topromoteitsgrowthintoafull-fledged(完全成熟的)universityandofficialsacknowledged,toeliminatesomejokesaboutthecollege’soldname onlate-nighttelevisionand―morningzoo‖radioshows. Manycollegeofficialssaidchanginganameandimagecouldproducesubstantialresults.At Arcadia,inadditiontotheriseinapplications,theaveragestudent'stestscorehasincreasedby60 points,JuliRoebeck,anArcadiaspokeswoman,said.51.whichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforcollegestochangetheirnames?A.TheypreferhighereducationcompetitionB.Theytrytogainadvantageinmarketshare.C.Theywanttoprojecttheirimage.D.Theyhopetomakesomechanges.52.ItisimpliedthatoneofthemostsignificantchangesinhighereducationinthepastdecadeisA.thebrand.B.thecollegenamesC.theconceptofmarketingD.listofmajors.53.Thephrase'comeupwith'(Line3,Para.4)probablymeansA.catchupwithB.dealwithC.putforwardDetotherealization54ThecaseofnamechangingfromCalState,Hayward,toCalStateindicatesthattheuniversityA.isperceivedbythesocietyB.hopestoexpanditsinfluenceC.preferstoreformitsreachingprogramsD.expectstoenlargeitscampus55.Accordingtothespokeswoman,thenamechangeofBeaverCollegeA.turnsoutverysuccessfulB.failstoattainitsgoalC.haseliminatedsomejokesD.hastransformeditsstatusQuestion56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwas builtin1964.Butappearancesweredeceptive,andthe13studentsfromEuropeandtheUSAwho boardedtheaircraftwereinfortheflightoftheirlives.Inside,theareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealongwhitetunnel.Heavilypadded(填塞) fromfloortoceiling,itlookedabitstrange.Therewerealmostnowindows,butlightsalongthe paddedwallsilluminatedit.Mostoftheseatshadbeentakenoutapartfromafewattheback wheretheyoungscientistsquicklytooktheirplaceswithalookoffear.For12months,sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshadcompetedtowinaplaceonthe flightattheinvitationoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Thechallengehadbeentosuggest imaginativeexperimentstobeconductedinweightlessconditions. Forthenexttwohours,theflightresembledthatofanenormousbirdwhichhadloseitsreason, shootingupwardstowardstheheavensbeforerushingtowardsEarth.Theinventionwastoachieve weightlessnessforafewseconds. Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough,butanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshadthatwe wereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthepilotputthe planeintoa45degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20seconds.Thentheenginescutourandwe becameweightless.Everythingbecameconfusedandleftorright,upordownnolongerhadany meaning.Aftertensecondsoffree-falldescent(下降)thepilotpulledtheaircraftoutofits nosedive.Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss,butwasstillsuddenenoughto ensurethatsomestudentscamedownwithabump. Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,anewteamconductedits experiment.FirstitwastheDutchwhowantedtodiscoverhowitisthatcatsalwayslandontheir feet.ThentheGermanteamwhoconductedasuccessfulexperimentonatraditionalbuilding methodtoseeifitcouldbeusedforbuildingafuturespacestation.TheAmericanshadanideato createsolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites.Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddowninthelanedoingtheirexperiments,thepredominant feelingwasoneofexcitementratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasan unforgettableexperienceandonetheywouldbekeentorepeat.56、Whatdidthewritersayabouttheplane?.A、Ithadnoseats.B、Itwaspaintedwhite.C、Ithadnowindows.D、Theoutsidewasmisleading.57、Accordingtothewriter，howdidtheyoungscientistsfeelbeforetheflight？A、sickB、keenC、nervousD、impatient58、whatdidthepilotdowiththeplaneafterittookoff？A、Hequicklyclimbedandthenstoppedtheengines.B、Heclimbedandthenmadetheplanefallslowly.C、Hetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds.D、Heclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover.59.Acoordingtothepassage,thepurposeofbeingweightlesswastoA.seewhatconditionsarelikeinspaceB.preparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspaceC.showthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddoD.maketheteamstryouttheirideas60.thispassagewaswrittentoA.encourageyoungpeopletotakeupscienceB.describetheprocessofascientificcompetitionC.showscientistswhatyoungpeoplecandoD.reportonanewscientifictechniqueSectionIVTranslation(20point)Directions:inthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.Translatethefiveunderlinedsentencesinto ChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEETThesmoothlandingofshuttle(航天飞机)Discoveryendedaflightthatwassuccessfulin almosteveryrespectbutone:thedislodgingofabigchunkoffoam,liketheonethatdoomedthe Columbia.Thisflightwassupposedtovaulttheshuttlefleetbackintospaceafteraprolonged groundingforrepairs.Butgiventherepeatoftheveryproblemthattwoyearsofretoolingwas supposedtoresolve,theverdictisnecessarilymixed.(61)Onceagain,thespaceagencyhasbeen forcedtoputofftheflightuntilitcanfindasolutiontotheproblem,andnooneseemswillingto guesshowlongthatmaytake. TheDiscoveryastronautsperformedsuperblyduringtheirtwo-weekmission,andtheshuttle lookedbetterthaneverinsomerespects.(62)Spaceofficialswerejustifiablyhappythatsomuch hadgonewell,despitedailyworriesoverpossiblerisks.Theflightclearlyachieveditsprime objectives. Theastronautstransferredtonsofcargototheinternationalspacestation,whichhasbeenlimping alongoverheadwithareducedcrewandlimitedsuppliescarrieduponsmallerRussianspacecraft.(63)Theyreplacedabrokendevice,repairedanotherandcartedawayaloadofrubbishthathad beenleftonthestation,showingtheshuttlecanbringfullloadsbackdownfromspace.Thiswasthemostscrutinizedshuttleflightever,withthevehicleundergoingcloseinspection whilestillinorbit.(64)Newsensingandphotographicequipmenttolookforpotentiallydangerous damagetothesensitiveexternalskinprovedvaluable.Anewbackflipmaneuverallowedstation astronautstophotographtheshuttle'sunderbelly,andanextra-longroboticarmenabledastronauts seepartsoftheshuttlethatwerepreviouslyoutofsight.(65).Thefloodofimagesandtheopennessindiscussingitsuncertaintiesaboutpotentialhazards sometimesmadeitappearthattheshuttlewasabouttofallapart.Intheendthedamagewasclearly tolerable.Amuch-toutedspacewalktorepairtheshuttle'sskin-thefirstofitskind-movedanastronautcloseenoughtopluckoutsomeprotrudingmaterialwithhishand.Preliminaryevidence indicatesthatDiscoveryhasfarfewernicksandgougesthanshuttlesonpreviousflights,perhaps showingthatimprovementstoreducethesheddingofdebrisfromtheexternalfueltankhavehadsomesuccess.SectionVWriting(20points)Directions:inthissection.youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingdiagram. Describethediagramandanalyzethepossiblecauses.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.参考答案：词汇：1——5DADCD6——10BADAC11——15BBDAB16——20ABCBC完型填空：21——25CDBCB26——30ACDBA31——35DDABC36——40DACAD阅读理解：41——45CBCAD46——50AADBC51——55ACCAC56——60ACADA61〕航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决方法。

2006年考研英语真题及参考答案

2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.② 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2 . ③To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.① 5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. ②Estimates 6 anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.③ 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 .④One of the federal government’s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.①Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.② 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three mealsa day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.③Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. ④Anda significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. ⑤Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 .⑥Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.⑦ 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, ⑧“There has to be 20 of programs. ⑨What’s need is a package deal. ”1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8. [A] inﬂating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive[C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. ②There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. ③People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. ④Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. ⑤This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”⑥The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.①Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. ②Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. ③In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent.④In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1, 000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. ⑤Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.①The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.”②The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.③“By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”④Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.⑤By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.①Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”②By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”①Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?②Indeed.③It is big enough to have a bit of everything. ④But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying [B] associating[C] assimilating [D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great inﬂuence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful inﬂuence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_________.[A] rewarding [B] successful[C] fruitless [D] harmfulText 2①Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. ②There is the RoyalShakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. ③And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.①The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.②They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. ③It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.①The tourist streams are not entirely separate. ②The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. ③However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. ④It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. ⑤The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.①The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. ②Stratford cries poor traditionally.③Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. ④Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.①Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. ②(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) ③The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.①It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.②They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. ③They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the ﬂagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a. m.26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that__________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that__________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because___________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author__________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3①When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. ②Smaller species survived. ③The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. ④Now somethingsimilar could be happening in the oceans.①That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. ②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. ③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. ④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. ⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.①Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. ②One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. ③Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. ④That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. ⑤In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. ⑥Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. ⑦Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. ⑧That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.①Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. ②They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. ③The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. ④That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. ⑤Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____________.[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that____________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that__________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that__________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’___________.[A] management efficiency [B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits [D] technological applicationText 4①Many things make people think artists are weird. ②But the weirdest may be this: artists’only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.①This wasn’t always so. ②The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. ③But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.①You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. ②But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. ③The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damnhappiness in the world today.①After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? ②Advertising. ③The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.①People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. ②They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. ③In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.④Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.①Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. ②Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. ③Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. ④And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. ⑤“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.①But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. ②The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. ③Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. ④It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grow out of both positive and negative feeling[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artist have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something_________.[A] religious [B] unpleasant[C] entertaining [D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising_________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art ﬂourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card,” which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin.”(41)____________ In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat dockedat 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a friend of Williams’ got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’ gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)____________The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning:“Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’ suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure”him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43)____________The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44)____________ Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)____________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’ suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual andmoral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emersion would say, is something else.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the photos brieﬂy,2) interpret the social phenomenon reﬂected by them, and3) give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. Indeed2. B. cope3. D. toward4. A. raise5. D. Not6. C. range7. B. Although8. C. increasing9. A. predicts 10. A. assist11. C. Even 12. B. shelter 13. D. wandering 14. C. while 15. C. survival 16. A. around 17. B. comprehensive 18. C. As 19. A. puts 20. D. coordinationSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText121. C. assimilating22. A. played a role in the spread of popular culture23. C. are hardly a threat to the common culture24. D. To show the powerful inﬂuence of American culture.25. B. successfulText226. A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue27. B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers28. C. the town is not really short of money29. D. the theatre attendance is on the rise30. D. is sympathetic to the RSCText331. C. large sea animals may face the same threat today32. A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%33. C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss34. D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. B. biomass levelText436. D. artist have changed their focus of interest。

2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)

2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)SectionⅠUse of English篇章导读本文是一篇论说文。

文章的主题是"英才通才教育"。

解读文章时注意作者的客观态度。

思路解析1「答案」[C]「解析」"选择"。

「解析」"因为"。

"for"与文章第一段第三句中的"Because we depend......"构成搭配，均表示解释原因。

而选项[A][B][C]均不用于解释原因，不符合原文意思。

2006年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题及答案英译汉(仅供参考) Jimmy Wang

2006年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题及答案英译汉（仅供参考）Some people call him “Guidone”—big Guido. Large in both physical stature and reputation, Guido Rossi, who took over as Telecom Italia's chairman on September 15th following the surprise resignation of Marco Tronchetti Provera, has stood out from the Italian business crowd for more than three decades. Mr. Rossi, who attended Harvard law school in the 1950s and wrote a book on American bankruptcy law, made his name as a corporate lawyer keen on market rules and their enforcement. He has since worked in both private and public sectors, including stints in the Italian Senate and as one of the European Commission's group of company-law experts. As well as running a busy legal practice, he also has a reputation as a corporate troubleshooter and all-round Mr Fix-It, and is often called upon to clean up organizations in crisis.一些人称他为“古依顿//麻烦终结者吉多”，或者称他为大吉多，不仅因为他身材高大，还因为他声名远扬。

2006考研英语翻译真题

2006Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual?(46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) H is function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one.(48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.。

考研英语二真题手译【2010-2019】

2010年Text1●The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with asale of56works by Damien Hirst,“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”,at Sotheby’s in London on September15th2008(see picture).All but two pieces sold,fetching more thanā70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last hurrah.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.●The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after risingvertiginously since2003.At its peak in2007it was worth some$65billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.●In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale,spending of any sort becamedeeply unfashionable,especially in New York,where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly90%in the year to November2008.Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses,Sotheby’s and Christie’s,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.●The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buyingImpressionists at the end of1989,a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war.This time experts reckon that prices are about40%down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile.But Edward Dolman,Christie’s chief executive,says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”●What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in themarket,whereas in the early1990s,when interest rates were high,there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell.Christie’s revenues in the first half of2009were still higher than in the first half of 2006.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because____.A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from2007to2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are____A.auction houses'favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room--a women's groupthat had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly concurred.He gestured toward his wife and said"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true"he explained."When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.●The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late'70s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book"Divorce Talk"that most of the women she interviewed--but only a few of the men--gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year--a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.●In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focusednot on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands.Instead they focused on communication:"He doesn't listen to me""He doesn't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.●In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon sceneof a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face whilea woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives'main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means___.A.generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.●“There are fundamental public health problems,like hand washing with soap,thatremain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr.Curtis said.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”●The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive andUnilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.●If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers, health snacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of canny advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.●A few decades ago,many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal.Then beveragecompanies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skinmoisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.●“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said CarolBerning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives,and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”●Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deepiy rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5so as to____[A]reveal their impact on people’habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest [C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to_____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biased Text4●Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democraticvalues,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.●But as recently as in1986,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democraticideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the1880case of strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.●The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in1898,it was not until the1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the1960s.●In1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark1975decision Taylor v.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to1968showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and development2011年Text1●Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January2000：ayear later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism.But by the end of2009Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee；how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time，she said.●Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm'sboard.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky，and the share price is falling，outside directors should be able to give advice based on havingweathered their own crises.●The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than10，000firms and more than64，000different directors between1989and2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those"surprise"disappearances by directors under the age of70.They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they"trade up."Leaving riskier，smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.●But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blowto their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons，once again very popular on campus.21.According to Paragraph1，Ms.Simmons was criticized for.[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22.We learn from Paragraph2that outside directors are supposed to be.[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23.According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure，the firm is likely to.[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors.[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25.The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations？Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.●In much of the world there is the sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers haveshrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers，which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago，but profit all the same.●It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that13，500newsroom jobs have gone since2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and，sadly for many journalists，they can be pushed further.●Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，with a healthier mix of revenuesfrom readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully87%of their revenues came from advertising in2008，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development(OECD).In Japan the proportion is35%.Not surprisingly，Japanese newspapers are much more stable.●The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody，but much of thedamage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26.By saying"Newspapers like…their own doom"(Lines3-4，Para.1)，the author indicates that newspaper.[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because.[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer productspared with their American counterparts，Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they.[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business？[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30.The most appropriate title for this text would be.[A]American Newspapers：Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers：Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers：A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers：A Hopeless StoryText3●We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time ofprosperity and growth，with soldiers returning home by the millions，going off to collegeon the G.I.Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.●But when it came to their houses，it was a time of common sense and a belief that lesscould truly be more.During the Depression and the war，Americans had learned to live with less，and that restraint，in combination with the postwar confidence in the future，made small，efficient housing positively stylish.●Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.The phrase"less is more"was actually first popularized by a German，the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe，who like other people associated with the Bauhaus，a school of design，emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture，but none more so that Mies.●Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration，properly organized，has more impactthat a lot.Elegance，he believed，did not derive from abundance.Like other modern architects，he employed metal，glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the1940s symbolized the future.Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient，rather than big and often empty.●The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive，forexample，were smaller-two-bedroom units under1，000square feet-than those in theirolder neighbors along the city's Gold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls，the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings'details and proportions，the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.●The trend toward"less"was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright startedbuilding more modest and efficient houses-usually around1，200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.●The"Case Study Houses"commissioned from talented modern architects by CaliforniaArts&Architecture magazine between1945and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the"less is more"trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape，new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House，Ralph everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters，though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans'.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus？[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's Lake Shore Drive？[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the"Case Study House"？[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4●Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not longago.Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a"Bermuda triangle"of debt，population decline and lower growth.●As well as those chronic problems，the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core，the16countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies，weaker or stronger，will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency，which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.●Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck.It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers，France and Germany，agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone，but disagree about what to harmonies.●Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending andcompetitiveness，barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils.It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all27members of the EU club，among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour；in the inner core alone，Germany fears，a small majority favour French interference.●A"southern"camp headed by French wants something different："European economicgovernment"within an inner core of euro-zone members.Translated，that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members，via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.Finally，figures close to the France government have murmured，curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization：e.g.，curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.●It is too soon to write off the EU.It remains the world's largest trading block.At its best，the European project is remarkably liberal：built around a single market of27rich and poor countries，its internal borders are far more open to goods，capital and labour than any comparable trading area.。

catti二级笔译2006年11月英译汉真题

人事部二级笔译（CATTI）2006.11英译汉真题English to ChineseCompulsory TranslationThis week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwater for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainabilityby policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there’s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.二级笔译实务Topic 1John Kenneth Galbraith, the i conoclasticiconoclastic economist, teacher and diplomat, died Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was 97.Mr. Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of economics; among his 33 books was "The Affluent Society" （1958）, one of those rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values. He wrote fluidly, even on complex topics, and many of his compelling phrases - among them "the affluent society," "conventional wisdom" and "countervailing power" - became part of the language.An imposing presence, lanky and angular at 6 feet 8 inches tall, Mr. Galbraith was consulted frequently by national leaders, and he gave advice freely, though it may have been ignored as often as it was taken. Mr. Galbraith clearly preferred taking issue with the conventional wisdom he distrusted.Mr. Galbraith, a revered lecturer for generations of Harvard students, nonetheless always commanded attention.From the 1930"s to the 1990"s Mr. Galbraith helped define the terms of the national political debate, influencing both the direction of the Democratic Party and the thinking of its leaders.He tutored Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic nominee for president in 1952 and 1956, on Keynesian economics. He advised President John F. Kennedy）（often over lobster stew at the Locke-Ober restaurant in their beloved Boston and served as his ambassador to India.Though he eventually broke with President Lyndon B. Johnson over the war in Vietnam, he helped conceive of Mr. Johnson’s Great Society program and wrote a major presidential address that outlined its purposes. In 1968, pursuing his opposition to the war, he helped Senator Eugene J. McCarthy seek the Democratic nomination for president.In the course of his long career, he undertook a number of government assignments, including the organization of price controls in World War II and speechwriting for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Kennedy and Johnson.He drew on his experiences in government to write three satirical novels. He took on the Harvard economics department with "A Tenured Professor," ridiculing, among others, a certain outspoken character who bore no small resemblance to himself.At his death, Mr. Galbraith was the emeritus professor of economics at Harvard, where he had taught for most of his career. A popular lecturer, he treated economics as an aspect of society and culture rather than as an arcane discipline of numbers.。

2006年考研英语翻译解析

2006年‎考研英语翻‎译解析——蔡卫星老师‎提供（2）(48) I have exclu‎d ed him becau‎s e, while‎his accom‎p lish‎m ents‎may contr‎i bute‎to the solut‎i on of moral‎probl‎e ms, he has not been charg‎e d with the task of appro‎a chin‎g any but the factu‎a l aspec‎t s of those‎probl‎e ms.参考译文：1、我之所以把‎普通科学家‎排除在外，是因为虽然‎他的成就有‎助于解决道‎德问题，但是他只是‎承担了触及‎这些问题事‎实方面的任‎务。

（改进：我之所以把‎普通科学家‎排除在外，是因为虽然‎他的成就有‎助于解决道‎德问题，但是他只是‎触及了这些‎问题的事实‎方面。

）2、因为虽然普‎通科学家的‎成就有助于‎解决道德问‎题，但是他只是‎承担了触及‎这些问题事‎实方面的任‎务，所以我把他‎排除在外。

翻译点评：宏观上来讲‎，本句话不难‎，主要考察因‎果关系，虽然在原因‎部分加入w‎h ile 引‎导的让步从‎句，但句子结构‎仍旧简单。

本句话的难‎点在于微观‎层面的词义‎把握。

Exclu‎d e与in‎c lude‎相反，是排除的意‎思；accom‎p lish‎m ent表‎示成就；contr‎i bute‎to意为有‎利于，有助于；be charg‎e d with 应‎该是考生最‎难理解的地‎方，它最普通的‎意思是控告‎，但这里be‎ charg‎e d with a task应‎理解为承担‎一项任务。

另外，句子中有个‎分开的词组‎，n ot…any but…,表示onl‎y，理解为“仅仅”；可见，考研翻译是‎以一定的词‎汇量为基础‎的。

除了这些词‎义的把握，在翻译时还‎要注意把句‎子开头的代‎词h im具‎体化，指代上文中‎的单数名词‎a vera‎g e scien‎t ist（普通科学家‎）。

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