学位英语语法高频考点小结-3
学位英语必看知识点总结
学位英语必看知识点总结学位英语是指为了获得学士、硕士和博士学位而学习的一门英语课程。
学位英语强调培养学生的英语听、说、读、写、译等综合能力,以满足专业、学术和职业需求。
为了提升学位英语的学习效果,我们需要掌握一些必看的知识点。
下面我将结合学位英语的四个方面,分别介绍一些必看的知识点。
听力在学位英语学习中,听力是非常重要的一环。
我们需要通过听力训练来提高自己的英语听力水平。
以下是一些必看的知识点:1. 听力训练方法学位英语听力训练的方法有很多种,比如听广播、看英语电影、听英文歌曲、跟读英语材料等。
通过多种方法的训练,可以提高自己的英语听力水平。
2. 常见听力题型学位英语考试中涉及的听力题型包括听对话、听短文、听讲座、听新闻、听演讲等。
针对不同的题型,我们需要掌握不同的解题技巧。
3. 常用听力工具在学位英语学习中,我们可以使用一些常用的听力工具来进行训练,比如英语听力软件、网络电台、英语听力练习册等。
口语口语是学位英语学习的重点之一,提高口语表达能力对我们来说至关重要。
以下是一些必看的知识点:1. 提高口语的方法为了提高口语表达能力,我们可以参加口语角、参加英语演讲比赛、找外教一对一口语辅导等。
另外,我们还可以通过模仿、背诵、多练习口语素材来提高口语能力。
2. 常用口语表达在学位英语学习中,我们需要掌握一些常用的口语表达,比如问路、购物、讲述个人情况、表达观点、进行交际等。
这些口语表达对于我们的学习和生活非常有用。
3. 口语表达技巧为了提高口语表达能力,我们需要掌握一些口语表达技巧,比如语音语调的正确运用、正确地使用连读、停顿和回环等。
阅读阅读是学位英语学习的重要内容之一,通过阅读,我们可以提高自己的英语阅读水平。
以下是一些必看的知识点:1. 阅读速度和理解能力在学位英语学习中,我们需要培养自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
为了提高阅读速度,我们可以多阅读英语材料,提高阅读的效率。
为了提高理解能力,我们可以通过阅读理解训练来提升自己的英语阅读能力。
学位英语必考知识点总结
学位英语必考知识点总结随着全球化的不断发展,学位英语已经成为人们研究生学业的一部分。
在考试过程中,对于学位英语必考知识点的掌握是至关重要的。
本文将对学位英语的必考知识点进行总结,包含词汇、语法、阅读、写作等方面的内容,帮助学生更好地备考学位英语考试。
一、词汇1. 常见词汇学位英语考试对于学生的词汇量要求较高,因此常见词汇的掌握至关重要。
常见词汇包括日常生活中常用的词汇,也包括学术领域的专业词汇。
2. 同义词和反义词在学位英语考试中,经常会涉及同义词和反义词的考察,因此学生需要对一些常见的同义词和反义词进行深入的学习和掌握。
3. 词汇拼写和用法学位英语考试中会对学生的词汇拼写和用法进行考查,因此学生需要注重词汇的拼写和用法细节。
4. 词汇记忆方法对于词汇的记忆,学生可以采用多种方法,如记忆卡片、词根词缀法、语境记忆法等。
二、语法1. 基础语法知识学位英语考试对学生的基础语法知识要求较高,包括动词时态、名词单复数、形容词副词等基本语法知识。
2. 长难句分析学位英语考试中常常会出现一些长难句,学生需要能够准确地分析和理解这些句子的结构和意义。
3. 语法填空考试中的语法填空题目要求学生对语法知识有较为深入的了解,能够根据上下文合理地填入适当的词语。
4. 语法练习对于语法知识的掌握,学生可以通过大量的练习来加强自己的掌握程度。
可以选择一些语法练习册或者网上的资源进行练习。
三、阅读1. 阅读理解学位英语考试中的阅读理解题目要求学生能够准确地理解文章中的主旨和细节,并能够准确回答相关问题。
2. 阅读速度在考试中,学生需要具备较快的阅读速度,能够在有限的时间内阅读完考试文章。
3. 题型分析学位英语考试中的阅读题型主要有多选题、判断题、填空题等,学生需要对各种题型进行深入的了解。
4. 阅读训练对于阅读理解的训练,学生可以选择一些精选的阅读材料进行练习,提高自己的阅读能力。
四、写作1. 写作结构在学位英语考试中,写作的结构和逻辑性很重要,学生需要掌握好文章的开头、中间和结尾部分。
学位外语知识点总结大全
学位外语知识点总结大全第一章:语法一. 词类1. 名词名词的单复数变化规则名词所有格的构成方式名词的分类及用法2. 代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词的用法和区别代词的格的构成方式3. 动词动词的时态、语态和语气不同类型的动词(及物、不及物、系动词)的用法和区别动词的不定式、动名词和分词的用法4. 形容词和副词形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的修饰对象和修饰方式形容词和副词的句中位置5. 数词基数词和序数词的用法和区别数词的构成和读法数词的用法注意事项6. 介词介词的基本用法常用的固定介词搭配及其用法并列连词和从属连词的用法和区别连接词语的连词和分句的连词的用法8. 冠词定冠词和不定冠词的用法和区别冠词的特殊用法9. 句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语在句子中的位置和构成方式句子成分的语序和搭配规则二. 句型1. 简单句构成简单句的基本成分简单句的主谓一致和时态一致问题2. 复合句常见的复合句结构和连接词不同类型的从句构成方式和用法3. 并列句并列句的构成方式和连接词并列句的并列成分及其使用方式4. 祈使句祈使句的构成和用法祈使句的否定和虚拟形式5. 疑问句基本疑问句和特殊疑问句的构成方式和用法疑问句的反意疑问句的构成方式和使用规则感叹句的构成和用法感叹句的语气和修饰成分三. 语法习惯1. 主谓一致主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致问题主语和谓语在时态和语态上的一致问题2. 时态和语态不同类型的动词在句子中的时态和语态使用规则时态和语态在句子中的逻辑关系和修饰方式3. 语气和语调句子中不同类型的语气和语调的使用规则句子中语气和语调的表达方式和表达目的第二章:词汇一. 词汇量1. 日常词汇生活中常用的词汇及其用法和搭配与人、事、物相关的词汇2. 专业词汇与专业相关的词汇及其用法和搭配行业术语和专业名词的词汇量和掌握方式3. 情景词汇不同场景中常用的词汇及其使用规则不同情景下词汇的推测和表达方式二. 词汇构词英语中常见的词根及其构词方式词根与词缀的搭配规则和构词技巧2. 词缀前缀、后缀和词根在构词中的作用和运用不同类型的词缀在构词中的使用规则和搭配方式3. 合成词合成词的构成方式和词义变化规则常见的合成词及其用法示例三. 词语搭配1. 搭配规则常用词语的搭配规则和语义搭配技巧相关词语的搭配方式和使用方法2. 固定搭配词语固定搭配及其用法规则固定搭配在句子中的运用技巧和意义表达3. 习惯搭配口语和书面语中常见的习惯搭配习惯搭配在交际中的使用方式和交流技巧四. 词语用法1. 词义辨析近义词和异义词的区别和用法辨析词义的转义和比喻表达2. 词语用法常见词语的多种用法和搭配方式不同词性词语的灵活用法和语境解释3. 词语考察常见词语的考察形式和解题技巧词汇题在考试中的注意事项和解答策略第三章:阅读一. 阅读理解1. 阅读技巧快速阅读和精读技巧阅读中引导注意力的方法和技巧2. 阅读题型不同类型的阅读题目及其解题思路阅读中的细节题和主旨题的解答技巧3. 阅读素材多种文体和话题的阅读素材不同题材下的词汇、语法和句型特点二. 阅读理解能力1. 词汇理解阅读理解中的生词词汇处理技巧词义推测和词义辨析的解题技巧2. 文章结构不同文章结构和段落结构的特点文章中逻辑关系的表达方式和解析方法3. 阅读推理根据文章推理出隐含信息的技巧分析作者观点和态度的解读方法三. 阅读素材分析1. 文学类文本文学作品的语言特点和表达方式文学作品中的情感、形象和主题2. 新闻类文本新闻报道的语言风格和写作手法新闻中的信息呈现方式和新闻价值追求3. 学术类文本学术论文的语言风格和表达方式学术文章中的逻辑结构和论证方法第四章:听力一. 听力技巧1. 听力训练不同类型的听力训练方法和技巧提高听力的实用方法和技术2. 听力题型不同题型的听力题目及其解题思路听力中的细节理解和主旨把握技巧3. 听力素材多种语境和场景的听力素材不同听力素材下的词汇、语法和句型特点二. 听力理解能力1. 基本信息听力中对基本信息的捕捉和理解听力中不同信息表达方式和解读技巧2. 细节信息听力中对细节信息的辨别和把握听力中细节信息的思维输入和思维输出3. 推理信息通过听力推理出隐含信息的技巧分析说话者观点和态度的解读方法三. 听力素材分析1. 对话对话中的日常交流和情景表达对话中的语速、语调和表达方式2. 新闻报道新闻报道的语言风格和信息传递新闻报道中的事件描述和态度呈现3. 学术演讲学术演讲的语言规范和论述结构学术演讲中的逻辑思维和研究观点第五章:口语一. 口语表达1. 口语技能流利口语的基本技巧和训练方法口语表达的准确和实时性管理2. 口语话题日常生活中常见的口语话题不同情景下的口语交际技巧和策略3. 口语素材多种话题和场景的口语表达素材不同口语素材下的词汇、语法和句型特点二. 口语能力1. 对话交际日常对话交际的基本规范和技巧双向交流的逻辑思维和互动表达2. 讲演表达讲演表达的语言规范和主题概括讲演表达的控场和情感表达3. 辩论演讲辩论演讲的辩证思维和逻辑讲述辩论演讲的策略和观点阐释三. 口语素材分析1. 交际对话日常交际对话的场景和语境交际对话中的表达方式和语气处理2. 讲故事讲故事的情节设计和表达技巧讲故事的语气和节奏控制3. 个人陈述个人陈述的主题和内容选择个人陈述的表达方式和情感表达第六章:写作一. 写作技巧1. 写作结构不同类型文章的写作结构和框架文章的段落结构和逻辑发展2. 写作技法写作中的丰富文辞和表达方法写作中的修辞手法和逻辑推理3. 写作素材多种写作素材的应用和展示不同写作素材下的词汇、语法和句型特点二. 写作能力1. 语言表达写作中的信息传递和情感表达写作中的语言规范和修辞技巧2. 逻辑思维写作中的逻辑结构和文章主题文章的论证方法和观点表达3. 文体转换不同文体下的写作特点和表达方式文体转换中的语气和语调处理三. 写作素材分析1. 议论文议论文的论证方式和观点表达议论文的立意、中心和结尾2. 散文和随笔散文和随笔的情感表达和人文关怀散文和随笔的语言特点和篇章安排3. 实用文实用文的信息呈现和逻辑结构实用文的书面语规范和文字风格。
学位英语复习资料
成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习要点一、考试题型:词汇与语法、完形填空、阅读、翻译、写作二、语法结构表(Grammar Category)1、名词的复数形式和所有格(1)名词的复数形式名词的规则复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es;名词的不规则复数形式不是以词尾加-s或-es构成,其构成方法需要记忆: e.g. foot-feet man-men tooth-teeth woman-women(2)名词的所有格名词的属格表示所属关系,它有两种不同的形式:一是由名词末尾加’s构成(有-s或-es的复数名词末尾只加’);二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多用来表示有生命的东西;后者多用来表示无生命的东西。
如:e.g.Uncle Tom’s Cabin the two boys’ mother the title of the book几个词作为一个单位时,’s应加在最后一个词的末尾e.g. the Queen of England’s throne ·表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加’s,如不是这样,仅在最后一词末尾加’s,即表示他们共同的所有关系。
试比较: John and Susan’s desk(约翰和苏珊共用的书桌)John’s and Susan’s desk(约翰和苏珊各自的书桌)·’s属格后的名词如指商店、家宅等地点时,该名词也常省略: e.g. at the doctor’s(在诊所)to my uncle’s(到我叔叔家)2、人称代词/物主代词/反身代词(1)人称代词主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them(2)物主代词形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs(3)反身代词(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身,表强调或加强语气)myself, yourself, himself, herself. Itself, ourselves; yourselves, themselves, oneself e.g. Please help yourself to some tea.I want to speak to the director himself.3、句子和句子成分Sentence是具有主语部分和谓语部分并有完整意义的可以独立的一组词。
成人学位英语语法汇总
第一节动词的时态一、一般现在时:1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作,而主句则用一般将来时态.例:They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实,常常用一般现在时态.例:Theearth is round.地球是圆的.二、一般过去时:区分三个短语的用法:1、used to do sth:过去常常做某事.2、be/get used to doing sth:习惯做某事.3、be used to do sth:被用于做某事.三、一般将来时:1、be to+动词原形:表示安排或计划好了的动作.例:The Third-Ring Road isto be open to traffic before National Day.2、be about to+动词原形:表示即将发生的动作.例:The lecture is about tobegin.讲座即将开始.3、一些表示动作趋势,如开始、终结,以及一些表示动作方向,如往来的动词,常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情,这类动词常见的有如:start, go, leave, come, arrive等.例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京.四、进行时态:重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法.When表示时间上的点,在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时…”,主句多用进行时态;while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当…时”,该从句用进行时态.例:One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.五、现在完成时:重点区分havehasbeen to:某人去过某地,表示一种经历,强调状态,可以和once, twice, often, never, ever连用;Havehas gone to:某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,强调动作.此句型不能与上述时间状语连用.例:He has gone to America.他已经去了美国.He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次.六、过去完成时:1、强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时,用过去完成时.2、It was the first/second/last time that…,在该句型,that从句用过去完成时态.七、将来完成时:常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语,主句用将来完成时态.第二节感官动词、使役动词的用法及英语中常考的两个句式结构一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态:在英语中,常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”see、watch、look、notice、observe;hear、listen to;feel,在主动语态中用动词原形或现在分词作宾补,如see sb do/doing sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态:在英语中,常见的使役动词有make、let、have,在主动语态中用动词原形做宾补,如make sb do sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思.例:We were made to study hardy.我们被要求努力学习.三、英语中常考的句式结构一:sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要…=sthneed/want/require to be done此句式主语为物例:My room is a mess. It needs tidying up整理.四、英语中常考的句式结构二:have/get sth done 请/让别人做某事have/get后接宾语为物例:I have taken many photos. I’m going to get the film developed.五、情态动词的被动语态,其构成为:情态动词+be+过去动词.例:The work must befinished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完.第三节情态动词常见的情态动词有can、could;may、might;must、need;should;ought to,对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气该部分的讲解放在虚拟语气一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有:1、Can/may do sth:表示对现在内容的可能性的推测;2、Must do sth:表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测.二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型:1、can/may have done sth:表示对过去内容的可能性;2、must have done sth:表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测.例:1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.2/ I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.第四节虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设,由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成.一、虚拟语气的基本内容根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同,虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式:例:1、I wouldn’t talk that way if I were Peter.2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great dealof time and money would have been lost3、Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if shewere to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.5、Do you think there would be less conflict战斗、斗争 in the world ifall people spoke the same language.6、If Bob had come with us,he would have had a good time.二、if的省略形式又称虚拟语气的倒装结构在if虚拟条件从句中,如果谓语部分包含were,should,had等词,则可以把这些词放到主语前,省略if,构成虚拟语气的倒装结构.三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成当虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时,要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式.例:1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now.四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成在英语中存在一些动词,表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向,由这些动词引导的that宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、二命令、三建议、五要求”,分别是:一坚持:insist 二命令:order、command 三建议:suggest、advisen advice、propose提议、建议五要求:ask、demand、require、request、desire例:1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an operation right away so as to save his life.2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out.同时,如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词和形容词形式,题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.考试中常见的词汇有:order,command,suggestion,advice,proposal,demand,request,desire,advis able,desirable.五、wish that…和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成Wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句都用虚拟语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望,其中wish that句型往往翻译为:多么希望 (i)only表示的愿望较wish that更强烈,常翻译为但愿;要是…就好了.两者的用法基本相同.两者的用法是:1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是:did/were;2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是:had done;3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是:would do.六、would rather引导的虚拟语气的构成Would rather的意思是“宁愿、宁可”其引导的宾语从句一般省去that通常用虚拟语气表示一种与事实相反的假设.我们可以假设A、B是两个人,通过牢记一下句式来记住其用法:1、A would rather B did sth:表示与现在或将来事实相反的一种假设.2、A would rather B had done sth:表示与过去事实相反的一种假设七、It is high time that…句型中虚拟语气的构成It is high time that…句型表示“早该是…的时候了”,在that从句中,谓语动词一般用did例:1、It’s high time we did something to stop traffic accident.2、Don’t you think it is time you gave up smoking八、in case、lest、for fear that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成in case、lest、for fear that引导的目的状语从句,表示忧虑或担心,翻译为“以防万一…”,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.例:1、Written applications should be sent to us in case there be some problems with the electric version.2、I wrote it down in case I should forget it.九、含蓄虚拟语气的构成虚拟条件句有时不是通过if虚拟条件从句明显地表达出来,而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中,这种情况称作含蓄虚拟语气.经常标志性地用于含虚拟语气的介词、副词有:without要是没有,but for要不是,otherwise否则,要不然.只要见到这几个词,所要选择的虚拟语气的构成多用would have done形式.例:1、Without your help, we would not have achieved so much.2、But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday.十、as if,as though引导的虚拟语气的构成As if,as though翻译为“好像”,谈论的往往是不可能或不真实的情况,他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词采用的形式和wish that句型中谓语动词采用的形式相同.十一、it is+形容词+that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成在it is+形容词+that引导的从句中,如果该形容词表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”、者“惊奇的、令人不满的”,that从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.1、用于表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”的形容词常见的有:important、vital极重要的、critical决定性的、crucial决定性的、necessary、essential必不可少的、urgent、compulsory,obligatory必须的,imperative必要的、紧急的2、用于表示“惊奇的、令人不满的”的形容词常见的有:strange、surprising、amazing,unthinkable、odd奇怪的、incredible不可信的,不能相信的、ridiculous.十二、虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合一句话中,句子的一部分采用虚拟语气的构成形式,另一部分则采用与事实相对应的某一种时态,这样就形成了虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合的现象.在这种情况下,最为常见的一个词是but,一般情况下在虚拟与不虚拟相混合的句子中,由but引起的句子选择与事实相对应的某一种时态,而不采用虚拟语气的构成形式.例:I would have come earlier, but I didn’t know you were waiting.我本来可以早些到,但我不知道你在等我.十三、情态动词用于虚拟语气记住以下句式及其含义:1、should/ought to have done sth本来应该做某事而未做2、should not have done sth / ought not to have done sth 本来不应该做某事而做了3、need have done sth:本来需要做某事而未做4、need not have done sth 本来不需要做某事而做了5、could have done sth 本来能够做某事而未做6、could not have done sth 本来不能够做某事而做了7、might have done sth 本来可以做某事而未做8、might not have done sth 本来不可以做某事而做了第五节非谓语动词一、动词不定式动词不定时的基本结构和用法1、动词不定式的基本结构及其否定式2、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成.在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语.例:1Good-bye, Mr. Wang. I’m pleased to meet you.2 Encouragement through praise is the most effective method ofgetting people to do their best.3、动词不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语一般情况下是动词不定式前面的名词是不定式所表示的动作的对象或动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式.例:1Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house to be decorated so well.2The ability to be clearly heard is very important for any speaker.4、动词不定式的完成式当不定式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动词不定时的完成式.例:1Judging from his manner at the party, he doesn’t seem to have received much education.2The book is said to have been translated into several languages up to now.5、动词不定式的复合结构如果需要指出不定式所表示的动作的发出者即逻辑主语时,要再不定式前用for加名词或代词表示.例:1It was very difficult for me to learn Spanish.2It is necessary for you to hand in the papers immediately. 6、同一动词接不定式和动名词的区别英语中有些动词既可以接动词不定式,又可以后接动名词,但是两种形式所表达的意思却是截然不同的.考试中常见的形式有:Stop to do:停下来去做另外一件事情 stop doing:停下正在做的事情Go on to do:继续去做另外一件事情 go on doing:继续做正在做的事情Try to do:尽力去做某事 try doing:尝试去做某事Mean to do:打算做某事 mean doing意味着某事Remember to do:记得要去做事情 remember doing:记得曾经做过某事Forget to do:忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事Regret to do:不得不去做某事 regret doing 后悔曾经做过某事例:1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently to rest.2、Men will never stop searching for new ways of getting new energy.3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to goon talking like that4、Don’t forget to close the window before leaving the room.二、动名词动名词即动词ing形式,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和定语.1、动名词的基本形式例:1、Arriving for the lecture early is better than taking the chance of being late.2、At school Li Ming ran into many problems, such as choosing classesand handling his time.3、Finding answers to these questions is something like a detectivestory.2、英语中后接动名词的常见动词有:Admit、appreciate、avoid避免、consider、delay、deny否认、拒绝、enjoy、escape、finish、imagine、miss、practice、risk、suggest等.例:We shall appreciate hearing from you soon.3、英语中接动名词的常见词组有:Be accustomed to doing惯常的,习惯于、be used to doing过去习惯,devote to doing把…奉献、专用、feel like doing、look forward to doing、object反感 to doing、can’t help doing、have trouble indoing、have difficulty doing、have a hard timedoing等.4、英语中后接动名词的常见形容词有:Be busy doing,be worth doing等.5、英语中后接动名词的常见名词有:There is no use doing、there is no point意义doing、there is no gooddoing、 there is no need doing6、动名词的否定式动名词的否定式是在动名词前面直接加not.例:John suggested not saying anything about it until they found out more facts.7、动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词.例:1、He forgot about my asking him to attend my wife’s birthday party.2、I object to his making private calls on the office phone.我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话8、动名词的完成时当动名词表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动名词的完成时.例:1、I don’t remember having ever said that.2、I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了这样的事.9、动名词的被动式例:1、No one avoid being influenced by advertisements.2、Susan was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.三、分词1、现在分词的具体形式:过去分词的形式:done2、现在分词和过去分词的区别以及分词在句子中的语法功能1、现在分词与过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时态上.在语态上,现在分词表示主动的意思,即现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主动关系现在分词表示的动作是句子的主语发出来的;过去分词表示被动的意思,即过去分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是被动的关系句子的主语是过去分词表示的动作的承受者,或者可以说过去分词表示的动作所针对的对象是句子的主语;在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已经完成.简而言之,现在分词表主动、表进行;过去分词表被动、表完成.这一原则要牢记.2、分词在句中的语法功能:分词在句子中可以做状语、补足语、表语和定语.其中分词作状语的用法最为常考.3、分词的否定式实在分词的前面加not.例:1、Seeing on the top of hill, we find that the village seems very small.现在分词表主动做伴随状语.2、Seen from the top of hill, the village seems very small.过去分词表被动做伴随状语.3、She was sitting in an armchair reading a book. 现在分词表主动做伴随状语.4、Damaged in the war, the bridge needs repairing now.过去分词表被动做伴随状语.5、Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work aswell.现在分词的否定式表主动做原因状语.6、We kept our fire burning all night to frighten the wolves.现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行.4、两个经常考查的用过去分词形式做状语的词是convince和compare.例:They all returned to the village convinced that the dangerwas over.5、现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词的区别:在语法功能上,他们都可以做定语和表语,但是以ed形式结尾的形容词修饰人,以ing形式结尾的形容词修饰物.例:1、She told me that it was the most delighting gift herdaughter had received.2、My parents are pleased with my progress.6、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别:现在分词的被动式being done表示在进行着的被动,过去分词done表示完成了的被动.例:1、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment theperson being interviewed answers the questions.2、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship beingloaded with all kinds of goods.现在分词的被动式3、We found the eggs eaten by the snake. 我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了.过去分词表示动作的完成和结果3、分词与句子主语在逻辑关系上的一致性现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,分词与句子主语的逻辑关系常常是三级英语出题的知识点.例:1、Feeling tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.2、Arriving at the bus stop, he found a lot of people waiting there.4、分词的独立主格结构当句子前后两部分的主语指代事物不一致简称主语前后不一致,又需要其中一个部分作状语时,往往把该部分形成名词/代词+分词n./pron.+doing/done的形式,这种形式被称作分词的独立主格结构.在这种结构内部,当名词/代词与分词是逻辑上的主动关系时,用现在分词;当名词/代词是逻辑上的被动关系时,用过去分词.独立主格结构常做原因状语或伴随状语,是考试重点.例:1、The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.2、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.5、with结构作状语With结构做状语,其构成是:with+名词+现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词结构,由于经常考查with+名词+现在分词/过去分词这种形式,所以放在这里讲解,并且要明确何时用with+名词+现在分词结构,何时用with+名词+过去分词结构;如果分词与with后面的名词是主动关系,用现在分词;如果分词与with后面的名词是被动关系,则用过去分词.例:1、He walked across the meeting room with everyone looking at her.2、With the old man leading the way, we had no trouble in findingthat mysterious cave.3、With the novel published, the writer becomes a famous person.4、With the matter to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow, we leavethe company.5、With the price so high, they still determine to buy the car.6、With the book in the hand, the teacher came in the classroom. 第六节各种从句一、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句.如果一个句子在一句话中充当主语、宾语、或者表语,那么该句子就被称作主语从句、宾语从句或者表语从句.名词性从句是三级英语考试的重点,我们应该明确以下几个方面的内容:1、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句都用陈述语序,二不用疑问语序.2、应对主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的题型,我们要牢记整体性原则,即首先要保证从句的完整性,一般要添加适当的连接代词、连接副词或者从属连词使从句完整,然后才能在主句中充当主语、宾语或者表语.3、考试中常见的从属连词、连接代词、连接副词有:从属连词:that只起连接句子的作用,不具任何意义,if,whether;连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose;连接副词:when, where, how, why例:1、Who let out the news remained unknown.It remained unknownwho let out the news. 谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道.2、When we’ll start is not clear.It is not clear when we’llstart.我们何时出发还不清楚.3、What I saw two men crossing the street.4、What the press reported was not the way the event happened5、I do n’t doubt that he is telling the truth.6、Can you tell me what it is about the city that makes peoplelove it so much7、The people at the party were worried about Janet because noone was aware of where.8、He was a man of fine character in all points except that hewas rather.9、The reason I don’t go there was that I got a new job.10、This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西.11、The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrowmorning.4、在下列情况下不能用if,而用whether1、后面直接跟or not:I wonder whether I’ll catch the last busor not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车2、引导主语从句:Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.我们胜利也好,失败也好,对我来说都是一样的.3、后跟不定式:He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.他没有告诉我是走还是留下.4、前面有介词:He raised the question of whether we could findthe necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题.二、定语从句在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句,被修饰或者限定的那个次叫作先行词.定语从句分为两种:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句——紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作限定性定语从句;而用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作非限定性定语从句.1、引导定语从句ude关联词包括:关系代词:that、which、whose、who、whom、as;关系副词:when、where、why关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的成分.2、which指物,who或者whom指人,whose表示所属关系,这些关系代词既可用于限定性定语从句,又可用于非限定性定语从句;that既可以指人,又可以指物,但是只能用于限定性定语从句.例:1、The company official who I thought would be fired receiveda raise.2、The investigation, whose results will soon be published,was made by john.3、An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with,telephone me from the airport.4、I don’t like the way that/in which you speak.3、关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示时间的名词,一般用when,如果先行词是表示地点的名词,一般用where,但是也应注意例外的情况;如先行词是reason,则用why.关系副词相当于介词加关系代词.例:1、The time will come when man can fly to outer space freely.2、I will never forget the ten years which we both spent inthe little village.3、I’ll never forget the village where in which I spent mychildhood.4、I’ll never forget the village which I visited last year.5、I don’t know the reason why for which he did that.4、先行词也可以是整个句子,这时定语从句一般用which或as来引导,修饰整个句子的内容.Which一般只能置于句中或句末,而as的位置比较灵活.例:1、He has made another wonderful discovery, which I thinkis of great importance to science.2、He was awarded a gold medal, which his whole familyconsidered a great honor.3、As we all know, the earth is round.5、“名词代词+of+which/whom”意思上等于whose+名词,表示所属关系,一般出现在非限定性定语从句.例:1、We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of whichis completely water proof2、The United States is composed of fifty states, two of whichare separated from the others by land or water.6、当先行词由the same或such修饰时,关系代词用as指代前面作为先行词的人或物,形成“the same…as”,“such…as”结构.例:It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.7、当先行词由形容词的最高级、序数词或the only/next/very等修饰时,关系代词用that而不用which.例:1、This is the most interesting film that has been shown inthis theater.2、This is the very bike that I am looking for.8、当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等时,关系代词用that而不用which.例:I couldn’t find anything that satisfies my needs.9、关系代词前带介词的定语从句:如果关系代词在定语从句中做了动词词组的宾语.有些动词词组所包含的介词可以提到关系代词的前面.例:Before her marriage, she spent a considerable相当的 timein that very part of shanghai to which she belonged.三、同位语从句常跟在fact,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,plan,evidence等名词的后面,由连词that引导的从句称为同位语从句,that在同位语从句中不做任何成文,这是与定语从句的区别,同位语从句对前面的名词起进一步解释的作用.例:1、Would the news that he failed to pass the exam bother you2、I had no idea that you were here.我没有想到你会在这里.四、状语从句在主从句复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句.常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果.一、时间状语从句常用的连词有:when,whenever无论什么时候,ever since,untilhardly…when/no sooner…than/no sooner ...than/as soonas/the moment/the minute一…就….例:1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up than itstarted raining hard.2、She has wanted to become a nurse ever since she wasa young girl.二、条件状语从句常用if,unless,as/so long as, provided that假如例:1、Unless I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.2、Unless you return those books to the library immediatelyyou will have to pay a fine交罚款.三、原因状语从句需要区别because和because of:because是连词,引导原因状语从句;because of是介词,后接名词形成介宾结构作原因状语.例:1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.他因为生病不能上学.2、He cannot go to school because of his illness.四、让步状语从句1、让步状语从句表示:尽管…,或无论…,常用though/although,as尽管,even if/though, however, wherever, whatever,whomever, no matter how/where/what/who/whom等引导.Despite、in spite of尽管.例:1、In short, wherever he lives, a man belongs to somesociety.where引导让步状语,wherever=no matter where2、Whoever you are, you must show your ticket to go intothe cinema.3Even if you disagree with her, her idea is still worthconsidering.2、as引起的让步状语从句的构成是:形容词/副词/名词/分词+as+主语+谓语动词.例:1、Young as he is, he knows what is the right thingto do.2、Child as he is, he knows quite a lot about society.3、Much as he likes her, he gets annoyed打扰with hersometimes.4、Published as it was at such a time, his book stillattracted much attention.第七节主谓一致一、名词physics物理,maths数学,news,means方法,works工厂等一般被认为形式是复数形式,意思是单数的名词,它们作主语的时候动词一般用但属性是.例:1、The news coming from different parts of the world is often extremely discouraging these days.2、Every means has been trid.二、动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例:When and where the new hospital will be built remain a mystery.三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时,翻译为“许多…”,谓语动词用复数;当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时,翻译为“…的数目”,谓语动词用单数.例:1、The number of errors made by him was surprising.2、A number of cars are parked in front of my house.四、当主语由as well as等词修饰时的主谓一致.当句中的主语后接with,aswell as,along with,together with,including,accompanied by,but等短语+名词代词时,主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响,主语是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式时,谓语动词用复数形式,例:1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.约翰和二十个朋友正在计划句型一个集会.。
总结学位英语常考语法
总结学位英语常考语法第⼀节动词的时态考试重点:⼀般现在时(if 从句和as so o n as 从句);进⾏时表将来;现在完成时和现在完成进⾏时的区别;完成时瞬间动词以及ha ve (has)b ee n,ha ve(has)go ne的区别;过去完成时的时间状语;将来完成时。
⼀、⼀般现在式:1、表⽰经常发⽣的动作或存在的状态:常和a lw a ys,us ua lly, o fte n ,so met i mes, eve r y d a y,e ver y week的等时间状语连⽤。
例:He go es to wo rk e ver y d a y.他每天去上班。
2、表⽰普遍的真理。
由于是众所周知的客观事实,所以⼀般不⽤时间状语。
例:T he ear t h is ro u nd.地球是圆的。
3、有些表⽰⼼理状态或感情的动词往往⽤⼀般现在时。
例:I d o n’t t h ink yo u a re r ig h t.我以为你错了。
4、在时间、条件状语从句中表⽰将来的动作:常⽤的连词有as so o n as,w he n,t ill,if。
(1)Th e y w ill go ho me fo r w in te r vo cat io n as so o n a s t he y ________t he ir e x a ms.A.ha ve fin is hedB.fin is hC.fin is hedD.was fin is h in g(答案:B)(1996年22题)(2)W he n t he mix t u re ______,it w ill g iv e o ff a p o w er fu l fo rc e.A.w ill h eatB.w il l b e heate dC.is he atedD.has hea ted(答案:C)(1992年59题)⼆、⼀般过去时:1、表⽰过去的动作或状态:常和过去时间状语连⽤。
学士学位英语语法汇总
学士学位英语语法汇总一、非谓语动词—固定句型搭配1.动名词1.remember doing 记得做过某事2.remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有没有做)3.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事4.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事2.不定式find sb to do sth 找某人做某事see的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加towh-+to do(sth)在句中作主、宾、表、状语It will take sb(time)to do sth 做某事要花某人时间3.现在分词在with引导的独立主格结构中,主谓关系用现在分词介词后面要跟动名词做宾语,当动名词的动作发在谓语动词所表示动作之前时,要用动名词的完成时二、虚拟语气1.一般过去时表示对现在的假设(与现在事实相反)2.在It is/was+形容词+that从句中+should(可省略)+动词原形3.without引导虚拟语气,与现在事实相反,主句用一般现在时,would+动词原形4.混合虚拟语气,but后面表达的是真实情况5.It is(high)time+ that(该是……时候了)+一般过去时表示虚拟语气6.if从句中含有were,should,had时,将if省略把were,should或had移到句首7.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟句,用过去完成时,条件从句省略if,句子要倒装8.But for(要不是)虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反用should/would/ have done sth9.表“建议、命令、要求、渴望”的动词所引导的宾语从句中,从句要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,且should可以省略10.Urgent 后的句子使用虚拟语气should+动词原形11.would rather(宁愿,真希望,宁可)+that从句,从句多用过去式表示虚拟语气12.in case引导的从句要用虚拟语气,结构是should(可省略)+动词原形13.wish(表示愿望)虚拟语气,与过去事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时14.insist+should+动词原形,表示虚拟语气三、强调与倒装1.强调it is+强调部分+that句型consider+it+adj.+that…结构中,it做形式主语认为……都it is/was +强调部分+that(who,whom)+…2.倒装(1)scarcely…when…几乎不(2)no sooner(一旦…立即)…than(3)neither,nor谓语句首时,部分倒装,把助动词放在情态动词前面(4)only+状语+主语半倒装(noly引导状语从句+从句语序不变,主语要倒装)(5)not until 在句首,句子要倒装(6)否定词hardly、scarcely、never、not、little等在句首,句子要倒装(7)So that句型中,so谓语句首时,句子需要倒装四、反义疑问句1.当陈述部分有“have to+v”动词时,提问部分应用助动词doesn‘t/did +主语’2.祈使句,以Don't 开头的反义疑问句,一般用will you3.表示否定意义的词never、seldom、hardly等,疑问部分则用肯定式五、主谓一致1.together with连同;加之(就远原则,谓语动词用单数)2.either A or B(要么…要么…),遵循就近原则六、情态动词1.must have done sth 对已经发生事情的肯定推测2.can't have done表示过去不可能做了什么3.could have done 本可以做某事(本来可以做而实际上没做某事)4.should have done 本应该做某事(本应该做而实际上没有做某事)5.should(not)have done 过去本(不)应该做某事6.may hanve done,也许(表示不确定的推测)7.ought to have done 表示本应该做而没有做七、定语从句(形容词性从句)as 引导定语从句时,可将形容词提前,句子用倒装,Busy as he wasthe same.that和……一样,(表同一个)the same..as和…一样,(表同一类)so…as像……那样的,(so修饰形客词)such…as像……那样的,(such修饰名词)定语从句,先行词是事物或动物时,应该用关系代词which 八、语态与时态以“by+将来时间”引导的表示将来的时间,后面用将来完成时As soon as 引导的从句通常用一般现在时表将来九、固定搭配As is known to all 众所周知had better (had best) do sth 最好做某事had better(had best)not do sth 最好不要做某事belong to 属于no part of the line 没有线的一部分regret(not)doing stn 后悔做某事need/want/request+doing/to be done需要做……it is +形容词+不定式for(sb.’s)not doing sth 为没有做……而道歉enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事,享受做什么事judging by(from)根据……来判断。
学位英语词汇和语法技巧
学位英语词汇和语法技巧一、词汇部分。
1. 记忆方法。
- 词根词缀法。
- 例如,“un -”这个前缀通常表示否定。
像“happy(快乐的,幸福的,发音:[ˈhæpi],词性:形容词)”加上“un -”就变成“unhappy(不快乐的,发音:[ʌnˈhæpi],词性:形容词)”。
- 再如,“re -”这个前缀有“再次、重新”的意思。
“write(写,发音:[ra ɪt],词性:动词)”加上“re -”成为“rewrite(重写,发音:[ˌriːˈraɪt],词性:动词)”。
- 联想法。
- 对于单词“ambulance(救护车,发音:[ˈæmbjələns],词性:名词)”,可以联想成“俺不能死”,这样就很容易记住这个单词的发音和意义。
- 语境记忆法。
- 把单词放在句子或者短文语境中去记忆。
例如:“I like to eat an apple (我喜欢吃一个苹果,其中“apple”发音:[ˈæpl],词性:名词) every day. ”通过这个句子,不仅记住了“apple”这个单词,还学会了它的用法。
2. 词汇辨析。
- 近义词辨析。
- “look”“see”和“watch”- “look(看,发音:[lʊk],词性:动词)”强调看的动作,通常是有意识地看,后面常接介词“at”,如“Look at the blackboard(看黑板)”。
- “see(看见,发音:[siː],词性:动词)”强调看的结果,例如“I can see a bird in the tree(我能看见树上有一只鸟)”。
- “watch(观看,注视,发音:[wɒtʃ],词性:动词)”通常指观看动态的事物,如“watch TV(看电视)”或者“watch a football game(观看一场足球比赛)”。
- 形近词辨析。
- “quite(很,非常,发音:[kwaɪt],词性:副词)”和“quiet(安静的,发音:[ˈkwaɪət],词性:形容词)”。
(完整版)学位英语知识点
第一部分:重点词汇1. put down 放下shut down 把••关上cut down 砍掉come down 下来、落下slow down 减缓、放慢sit down 坐下write down 写下get down 下来,降落2. after all 毕竟.终究after that 于是.然后day after day 日复一日地one after another 相继.挨次soon after 不久以后the day after tomorrow 后天3. come up with 找到、提出catch up with 赶上wake up 弄醒、醒来send up 发射open up 开设、开办grow up 长大pick up 拾起、捡起hands up 举手eat up 吃光clean up 打扫干净give up doing sth.=stop doing sth. 放弃做某事4. arrive at/in + n. 到达get to +n. 到达reach + n. 到达arrive / get +adv. 到达5. get …ba(退还,送回去.取回give back归还come back回来at the back of 在••的后面on the way (back)home 在回家路上6. at least 至少at breakfast 早餐时at desk 在桌前at once 立刻,马上at school 在上学at the same time 同时at work 在工作be good at=do well in 擅长laugh at 嘲笑not … at all 一点也不at first 起初at night 在晚上at noon 中午at the a ge of // whe n sb. was …yea 在ol岁时at last /in the end / fin ally 最后、终于at the beginning of the twenty-first century 在21 世纪初at the end of 在…终点、结尾at the moment // now 现在at the foot of 在…脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节at any moment 任何时候at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔at the d octor '在医务室be bad at 不擅长7. for example 例如for ever 永远be good for 对…有益be bad for 对…有害for long=for a long time 长期for short 简称be short for 是…的简称TV is short for “ television ”8. come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from 来自,出生于come in/into 进入,进来come on 赶快come over 过来come along 走吧,过来,快点come and go 来来去去come up 上来come out 出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来9. even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管10. be pleased with 对…感到满意be covered with 被…覆盖be busy with 忙于做某事Be filled with 装满be satisfied with 对….满意deal with sth.应对、处理finish with 完成某事be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事well done 干得好11. be proud of 以…自豪speak highly of 称赞be afraid of 害怕hear of 听说(hear from sb.收到某人的来信)of course=certainly 当然可以plenty of= a lot of 许多11. by the way 顺便说by on eself单独,独自by the end of至U…为至by the time (引起时间状语从句)到…的时候one by one 依次by air / plane 乘飞机by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/火车/轿车catch a bus 赶公交车get on / off the bus 上/ 下车take a bus to …=go to …乘车去s12. do / try one ' 尽b力stdo one ' s homework^家庭作业do (the/some) shopping 购物do the cooking 烹饪do some cleaning 打扫do the / some washing 洗衣服do sport 做运动13. early in the morning 一大早in the early spring 初春in my early days 我幼年时期14. make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb. // ring sb. up // give sb. a call //phone sb.给某人打电话connect…to把•…与••连接起来be close to靠近(某地) give birth to 生(孩子)lose to sb 输给sb .15. either …o或者•-或者…on either side of the street 街道任何一边on each side of the street 街道每一边on both sides of the street 街道两边16. keep doing sth. 不停地做某事(表示状态继续)keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行) practise doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事finish doing sth. 做完某事go on doing sth. 继续做某事(同一件事)17. go on to do sth. 接着做某事(另一事)go straight along 沿着…一直往前走go down 下降go for a walk 散步go over 复习go shopping 买东西go to the cinema 去看电影go well 进展顺利go off to 动身前往go out 外出go to work 去上班go up 上升18. think about 考虑think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到think over 仔细考虑think out 想出talk about 谈论worry about 担心How / What about …怎么样?19. borrow …from 从-•借…lend …to 把…借给…from door to door 挨家挨户from time to time 时时from now on 从今以后from then on 从那以后be different from 与…不同learn …from •向…学习20. get dressed 穿衣get into 进入get / be lost 丢失get off / on 下/ 上车get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好get out of 从…出来get ready for +n. 为…做准备get ready to do sth. 准备做某事get / go to sleep (fall asleep)入睡be asleep 睡着get warm 变暧get well 康复get a chance 有机会、得到机会21. look for 寻找wait for 等候look after=take care of 照看look like 看起来像look over 检查,复习look out 小心,从里向外看look the same 看起来一样look up 向上看,查单词look around 环视look forward to 期望look through 温习,检查22. set off出发、动身put off推迟keep off避开、不靠近"-dropoff放下(某物) turn off 关jump off 跳离take off 脱(衣),(飞机)起飞23. half a kilo 半千克half an hour 半小时in half 分成两半half of the day 半天24. do eye exercises 做眼保健操do morning exercises 做早操take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼an exercise book 练习本25. take part in 参加hand in 上交in hospital 住院in surprise 吃惊地in the sun 在阳光下in trouble 处于困境in a minute / moment 马上26. leave for 动…身去某地27. feed on 以…为主食live on 继续活着base on 以…为根据carry on 坚持、继续下去and so on 等等on the other hand 另一方面on foot 步行28. be famous for 以..著名be excited about +n./V-ing 对…感到兴奋be interested in 对…感兴趣be born 出生be busy with sth.=be busy doing sth. 忙于…be amazed at 对..感至U惊讶29. move away 移开move to (搬)移到30. search the Internet 上网31. make sure 确信make a dialogue 编对话make a mistake 犯错误by mistake 由于疏忽make a noise 吵闹make faces 做鬼脸make friends (with) 和..交朋友make room for 给..让地方make tea 沏茶make money 赚钱make a decision 作出决定32. used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事33. leave sth+介词短语把 .. 忘记在某处”34. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事35. hear sb. to do (doing)sth. 听见某人做某事36. help sb. (to) do sth .//help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事with one ' s he在某人的帮助下with pleasure 乐意37. the summer holiday(s)vocation 暑假the winter holiday(s)/vocation 寒假38. step into 走进pour into 倒入… put ….into 翻译成divide into 分成translate into 翻译成39. in the first 第一for the first time 第一次at first 起初a firs t language 母语first of all 首先40. leave a message for sb. 给某人留条give / take sb. a message 给某人捎口信41. take photos / pictures 照像take away 拿走take out 取出work out 算出take care 当心take medicine 服药take one ' s temperatu量体温take one ' s tin别着急take a walk 散步take place 发生42. learn by oneself / teach oneself 自学learn by heart 背熟43. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半44. have a try 尝试,努力try out 尝试、试验find out 找出,查明have a good / wonderful / great / time 玩得开心have a (bad) cold (重)感冒have a meeting / walk / watch 开会/散步/比赛have sports 进行体育活动have nothing / sth. to do with 与..无(有)关have no idea 不知道have (one ' s) medici服药45. offer sb sth. 给某人提供某物46. win first prize 获一等奖47. all over the world= around the world =throughout the world 全世界48. all kinds of 各种各样的49. neither …n既不…也不….50. not only …but als不但…而且both…and •和…都51. the more , the better 越多越好52. all one ' 一life53. as soon as 一…就…as soon as possible 尽可能早地、尽快as well = too 也as much as 至多as little as 至少regard …a把…当作…as if好像54. no matter 无论…55 ever since 从那以后,此后一直56. so far 到目前为止or so 大约57. another two hours (=two more hours )又(再) 2个小时58. three times a week 一周三次59. the number of 的…数量a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many 许多60. less than 少于, less and less 越来越少61. …isanother way of saying ••什么是..的另一说法Quick is another way of saying fast. Bike is short for bicycle.62. not …until直到••才…63. be like 像feel like +n./V-ing 想要like best 最喜欢, would like to 想要64. the 24 hour clock 24 小时制65. wash away 冲走run away 逃跑take away 带走66. before long 不久long before / ago 很久以前for long =for a long time 长期no longer = not. .any longer 不再67. more or less = about 或多或少,大约more than = over 多于,超过68. every year 每年every four years 每隔四年every other day 每隔一天everyday English / life 日常英语/生活69. next to 紧挨着next door 隔壁,邻居next year 明年next time 下次70. receive / get / have a letter from sb. = hear from sb 收到某人的来信71. on show = on display 展览72.be filled with / be full of 充满…73. thank to =because of 由于74. some day =one day (将来)某一天all day 终日day and night 日日夜夜in a day or two 一两天内in the old days 从前,旧社会from day to day (day after day)日复一日the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天Tree Planting Day 植树节Women's Day 妇女节75. keep / stop / prevent …(from) doing止It阻止)••做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事76. nice and +adj. = very +adj. 很,非常77. a place (places) of interest 名胜78. three quarters of the information on the Internet 因特网上四分之三的信息two thirds of the books 三分之二的书79. credit card 信用卡80. the increasing population 增长着的人口81. a path of travel 旅行路线82. point at / to 指向83. by sea = by ship 乘船by the sea = on the sea 在海边at sea 在海上84. set one ' s mi nd to do sth心想做某事85. multiply …b乘以…86. See you! 再见You see. 你知道,你明白,你瞧Let me see. 让我想想see sb. off 给某人送行see a / the doctor 看病see sb . do / doing sth. 看见某人做某事87. some…others^些(人,物)••其他(人,物)one…another 一个..另一个(三者或以上)one…the other 一个••另一个(总数二个)each other彼此88. be worn out 穿旧,磨坏check out核实,检查write out 写出take sth. out of 从••拿出/取出某物89. in this way 用这种方法in a few year ' s 几年e以后in space 在太空in and out of class 在课内课外in the last fifteen minutes 在最后十五分钟里in the second half 在下半场later in one ' 在某人后半身in the air 在空中in the open air 在户夕卜90. give sb. an injection 给某人打针, get an injection 打针91. have been to 去过某地have gone to 到某地去了92. here + be+ 名词+ for+ 某人(Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一圭寸信.)93. be far behind + 某人(He is far behind others. 他落后于别人)94. one of + adj. 最高级+复数名词95. take + 某物+with + 某人(You ' d better take an umbrella with you. 你最好带上雨伞)96. prefer to= like …bette宁愿n更喜欢prefer + V-ing (to do sth.)( I prefer doing (to do) it myself . 我喜欢自己做那件事).Would / should 等情态动词+ prefer + 不定式. (I would prefer to do it myself. 我宁愿自己做那件事)prefer + 名词(v-ing) + to+ 名词(v-ing)(I prefer learning English to playing football. 我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球)prefer + 不定式(名词)+ rather than + 不带to 的不定式,(I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. 我喜欢走着去那里, 而不愿乘车)prefer + 名词(代词) to do sth. (We prefer her not to come. 我们宁愿她不来)97. 人+ spend +time (money) +(in) doing sth. (I spent over two hours (in) finishing my homework. 我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业.)人+ spend + time (money) + on + 名词, (He spent 1,000 on the TV set . 他花了一千元买电视机)人+ pay + money +for +sth. ( He paid ten yuan for the book . 他花了10 元钱买那本书.)It + takes (will take, / took … ) + sb. + time (money) + to do sth. (It ' ll take you only ten minutes to bybus. 乘车去那里只花你10 分钟)物sth+ cost + (sb.) + money, (The dictionary cost me 20 yuan . 我花20元钱买了那本词典)98. do with + sb. / sth. (What have you done with the pork ? 那些肉你怎么处理了?)99. mind + if 从句, (Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你不反对吧?)mind + V-ing, (Would you mind turning on the TV? 打开电视你不反对吧?)100. what … for? / why … ? (What do you learn English for? = Why do you learn Enhg?li)s101. need + 名词(v-ing), (The students need some help. 学生们需要帮助.This pair of shoes needs mending. 这双鞋需要修理)102. “ be used for名词(v-ing),被用来做..(A writing brush is used for writing.)“ be used as名词” 被作为••使用(English is used as the first language in none of these countries.)“ be used by动作执行者”被…使用,103. be made of由…制造(This table is made of wood .这张课桌是木制的)be made from 由…制成(This kind of paper is made from wood . 这种纸是用木材制成的)be made in+ 地点, 某“地制造” (These cars are made in Germany) be made by+ 人, 由“谁制造的” (Tihs kite is made byKate . )104. more developed countries 发达国家, less developed countries 不发达国家,developing countries 发展中国家105. be worth + money (V-ing),值••钱.值得做…This car is worth more than two million yuan in China. This book is well worth reading.worth reading. 这本书很值得一读.106. the Summer Palace 颐和园Tian ' anmen Squares安门广场the Palace Museum 故宫the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂the Temple of Heaven 天坛the Great Green Wall 绿色长城PekingOpera 京剧PLA 中国人民解放军PRC 中华人民共和国the Party 中国共产党the League 共青团The Forbidden City 紫禁城军事博物馆the Military Museum the Palace Museum 故宫107. a digital camera 数字照相机a doctor for animals = an animal doctor 动物医生108. so + 形/ 副+that 从句(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter . 这地方太冷,冬天什么都不长)so + many / few+ 复数名词+that 从句(He has so many books that I don ' t know which one to borrOW有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)so + much / little+ 不可数名词+that 从句(She has so little money that she can ' t bUy钱太少ngl.么也买不到.)so+ 形容词+a / an +单数名词+that 从句(This is so good a book that all of us like reading it )such +a / an+ 形容词+单数名词+ at 从句(This is such an interesting story that all of us like it)such +形容词+复数名词+that 从句. such +形容词+不可数名词+that 从句(It is such fine weather today that many childrenare playing outside)109. tell sb about sth.告诉某人关于某事,tell sb+从句,tell sb. to do sth.让某人做某事tell a lie 说谎,tell a story 讲故事,thank you for + n ./V-ing 谢谢你…too + adj. / adv. + to + v.太…而不能,toomuch(修饰名词)太多,过分, much too(修饰adj./adv.)太110. hope / wish+ 不定式(或从句),wish sb. to do sth. What do you mean by …?= What doe是什么mean?…意思?一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24 个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36 个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth . 驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth . 教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事注:不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型:fear sb. to do sth. 。
学位英语考试语法
学位英语考试语法
学位英语考试语法部分主要考察的是学生对英语语法的掌握程度和应用能力。
下面列举一些常见的语法知识点:
1. 时态和语态:要求学生能够正确使用各种时态(如现在时、过去时、将来时)和语态(如主动语态、被动语态)。
2. 名词和冠词:理解名词的种类、复数形式,冠词的基本用法以及不使用冠词的情况。
3. 代词:能够正确使用人称代词、物主代词、不定代词等。
4. 形容词和副词:理解形容词和副词的用法,包括比较级和最高级的用法。
5. 介词:理解常用介词的用法,如in、on、at、by等。
6. 连词:理解常用连词的用法,如and、or、but等。
7. 主谓一致:理解主谓一致的规则,能够正确使用主语和谓语。
8. 虚拟语气:理解虚拟语气的用法,包括条件句中的虚拟语气和表示建议、要求、命令等的虚拟语气。
9. 非谓语动词:理解不定式、动名词和分词的用法。
10. 句子结构:理解简单句、复合句和并列句的构成,能够分析句子结构。
以上是一些常见的学位英语考试语法知识点,要求学生能够掌握并灵活运用。
同时,还需要注意语法规则在实际语境中的应用,提高语言运用能力。
学位英语语法高频考点小结
学位英语语法高频考点小结(2)虚拟语气如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时,称为虚拟条件句。
考试重点:虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;if的省略形式;含蓄条件句;以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句;would rather 引导的从句;以as if, as though 引导的从句;以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句;It is necessary(important)that引导的主语从句;It is time (that)…句型中。
一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法:虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类:1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know(答案:C。
与现在的事实相反,从句用过去时)(1995年38题)2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?A. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak(答案:A。
与现在的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去时。
)3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came(答案为C。
与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
)(1995年59题)二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中,如谓语包含were , had, should等词,则可以把这些词放到主语前面,省略if。
1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized(答案:B。
学士学位三级要点汇总
第一章动词的时态和语态时间:过去(Past)、现在(Present)、将来(Future)时间面(一般时态)d o V时间点(进行时态)be + V Ving时间段(完成时态)have Ved这样构成9种时态, 再加上下列3种,总共12种时态现在完成进行时态have been d oing过去完成进行时态had been d oing将来完成进行时态will have been d oing一般现在时(Simpl e Present) (现在、时间面)❤表示经常、习惯性动作或状态。
常与always, often, usually, sometimes, everyday等连用。
He goes to school everyday. She is our English teacher.❤表示永恒的状态或客观真理Knowledge is power. The earth moves around the sun.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west❤表示已经预先计划或安排的将要发生的动作。
arrive, come, go, start, begin, leave, return。
句中常有表示将来的时间状语The train starts at 9 o’clock in the morning.The plane takes off at five. We leave at nine tomorrow.❤不是经常发生的动作或状态。
Here comes the bus. Here we are.❤※在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将来的动作。
1 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to countryside. (=will be)2 When the harvest time comes, please come and help get in the crops.3 We’ll start as soon as you are ready.4 Next time I’ll d o as he says.一般过去时(Simpl e Past) 表示过去发生的动作或状态。
学位英语知识点复习资料
学位英语知识点复习资料学位英语知识点复习资料汇总1:重点短语语法1.as far as=so far as就……而言,至于【例句】As far as I am concerned, Im not against your plan.就我而言,我并不反对你的计划.远到【例句】He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站.【总结】表示"直到……为止"之意时,as far as既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句;在表示"直到……程度"之意的借喻说法中,as far as和so far as都可使用,但前者不及后者用得普遍.在表示"就……而论"之意时,as far as和so far as可互换使用.在表示"只要"、"尽……所能"之意时,应用as far as,不用so far as.2.as if 似乎、好像【例句】She treats himas if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人.【总结】(一)as if 从句的作用.在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句.如:She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁.引导方式状语从句.如:She loves the boy as if she were his mother. 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样.(二)as if 还可用于省略句中如果as if 引导的从句是"主语+系动词"结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词.如:He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子.(三)as if 从句的语气及时态 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况.当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时.如:It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了.as if从句用虚拟语气的情况.当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时.从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时.如:ou look as if you didnt care. 你看上去好像并不在乎.b.从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词".如:He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的.c.从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would/could/might+动词原形".如:He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么.3.as long as=so long as只要【例句】As long as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do).只要你不出卖我,要我做什么我都愿意.as long as: 和……一样长【例句】This line is four times as long as that one.这条线是那条线的四倍长.【总结】当用于同级比较时,as.....as 既可用于肯定中也可用于否定句中,而so....as 只能用于否定句中.His pencil is as long as mine.His pencil isnt so/as long as mine.当表示只要时,两者没有什么区别,可以替换.e.g.Our profits will be good as/so long as the dollar remains strong.【词语辨析】as long as ,as far asas long as有"只要"的意思As long as you keep working, you will get what you want.as far as的意思比较抽象,可以表示距离上的"远到,直到"也有"据我所知"的意思,翻译起来可根据上下文语境灵活处理.As far as I can see, it is a perfect plan.在我看来,这是个完美的计划.4.as well as①和……一样【例句】She as well as you is an English teacher.她像你一样也是英文教师.②与……一样好【例句】He speaks Spanish as well as English. 他说西班牙语像说英语一样好.【总结】A as well as B的结构里,语意的重点在A,不在B.学位英语知识点复习资料汇总2:重点短语语法above all 首先;尤其是;最重要的是【例句】He is strong, brave and, above all, honest.他强壮,勇敢,最重要的是他诚实.【总结】above all表示某因素是最重要的,地位上是超越其他因素的.这些因素比较的性质更强一点.accept as 承认,接受为【例句】The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.宇航员承认他们的工作中包含着危险.【总结】此短语中的as是介词,后跟名词,代词等.act as担任,充当【例句】Maybe I can act as a messenger for you. 也许我能给你当信差.起……作用【例句】The forest will act as a defense against desert dust. 森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用.【总结】此短语中的as是连词,引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句.【词语辨析】act as和act like区别act as:意思是"充当"、"担任",相当于serve as,可与人或物词如:doctor、director、interpreter、guide、coach、teacher、go-between、furniture、tools等字搭配使用.as是连词,引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句.e.g.This coin may act as a screwdriver. 这枚硬币可以充当螺丝起子用.act like:意思是"行为像"、"举动像",相当于英语的to act in the manner of,它常与人或动物名词连用.like是介词,其后接宾语.e.g.That child acts like a grown-up. 那个孩子的举动像成年人一样.according as 根据,随……而定【例句】Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献【总结】according as 后接从句according to根据;按照【例句】They divided themselves into three groups according to age.他们按年龄分成三组.取决于【例句】We will go or we wont, according to circumstances.我们或去或不去,都将视情况而定.据……所载;据……所说【例句】According to the Bible, Adam was the first man.据《圣经》记载,亚当是人类始祖.【总结】according to 后一般不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)这类词,也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us).to 是介词,后接名词代词等.如:依我看,这部电影很不错.正:In my opinion,the film is wonderful. 误:According to my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误:According to me, the film is wonderful.【词语辨析】according as与according to的用法区别(1)according as 根据,随……而定(后接从句).如:Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献(2)according to 根据,按照(主要引出状语).如:Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了.合乎,符合(主要引出表语).如:It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬.学位英语知识点复习资料汇总3:语态一、语态的种类语态是表示主语与谓语之间关系的一种形式。
学位英语三级知识点
5. 虚拟语气
(1)wish+过去时:表示现在或将来的愿望 wish+过去完成时:一个过去没有实现的愿望 I wish I were as tall as you. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there. Exercise: ---- Did you see her off the day before yesterday? ---- No, but I wish I _____. A. were B. did C. had D. would 答案: C
1) He is the driver_____ I want to look for. whom 2) This is the friend ______ I often visit. whom who 3) I have a friend ______ has much money. who 4) It’s a thief _______ was caught by us. who 5) Kate is a student _______ studies well. who 6) This is the sportsman _____ everyone says will win the gold medal.
(4) who or whom? 定语从句中,指人的先行词我们用who或者 whom做连接词,who用来做从句的主语, whom用来做从句的宾语. This is a nurse who wears a white skirt. This is the person whom I just saw.
(3) 祈使句中,反意疑问句用 will you Don’t forget to write to me, will you? Let’s 与Let us 区别 Let’s hurry up and try to get to the railway station in time, shall we? Please let us have more time, will you? (4) 从句中,反意疑问句和从句的谓语一致 I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John’s birthday party, didn’t you?
广东学位英语考试考点总结
广东学位英语考试考点总结第一篇:广东学位英语考试考点总结广东学位英语考试考点总结(每天早上、睡觉前各看一次)1、宾语从句A、做主语或宾语----what(whatever),who(whoever),whom(whoever)B、Which,whose一般在宾语从句里面不设考点。
C、that,whether…..or notwhether是否:1、动词不定式前2、介词后3、宾语从句放在句首表示强调4、whether….or not 固定搭配D、doubt肯定句后接whether,否定句(few,little,rarely,hardly,searely,seldom,neither…nor)或疑问句加that doubt that+句子2、表语从句考点A、It(this,that)is(because)…..B、The(reason,fact,idea)is that..3、主语从句考点 A、It(it)is(was)….that B、T here be…thatC、Whether引导主语从句例如:Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4、名词性从句A、how much(little), how much+不可数名词(how many+可数名词)。
How后面接形容词 much;what后面接名词。
如What a beautiful weather.How nice the advice is.5、定语从句A、that做主语或宾语,修饰人或物。
---------先形词前面有最高级修饰的时候,先行词本身是不定代词的时候,如all、something、anything、nothing;先行词的前面有the first(second)等序数词修饰的时候,或者有very、little、no、only;先形词本身是抽象名词的时候(idea、way、fact)B、介词宾语,介词提前只能用whom、which 例如She is the girl for whom I look。
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学位英语语法高频考点小结(3)非谓语动词非谓语动词分三种,即:不定式,动名词和分词。
下面分三部分进行介绍。
一、动词不定式考试重点:动词不定式的基本结构和用法(尤其是复合结构,否定式,被动式,完成式等。
);stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别;remember,forget接不定式和动名词的区别;have sth done 和have sb do sth。
基本形式主动形式被动形式一般式(not)to make (not)to be made 完成式(not)to have made (not)to have been made 进行式(not)to be making 在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
(一)动词不定式的基本结构和用法动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。
1、Good-bye , Mr. Wang. I’m pleased _____ you.A. to meet B .meeting C. to have been meeting D. to be met(答案:A)(1998年57题)2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _____ their best.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done(答案为B)(1996年44题)(二)动词不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时(或动作的承受者时),不定式一般要用被动式。
1、The ability _____ is very important for any speaker.A. to hear clearlyB. to be clearly heardC. to hearing clearlyD. to being clearly heard(答案:B。
动词不定式的被动式。
)(1999年39题)2、Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.A. to be decoratedB. to decorateC. be decoratedD. decorating(答案:A)(1995年22题)(三)动词不定式的复合结构如需指出不定式动作的发出者时(即逻辑主语时)要在不定式前用for加名词(或代词)表示。
1、It was very difficult _____ me to learn Spanish.A. ofB. toC. withD. for(答案:D)2、It is necessary _____ the papers immediately.A. for you to hand inB. that you hand outC. your hand inD. for your hand in (答案:A)(四)动词不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。
1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem _____ much education.A. to receiveB. to be receivingC. to have receivedD. to have been received(答案:C。
表示发生在主要动词之前的动作,要用动词不定式的完成式。
)(1997年45题)2、The book is said _____ into several foreign languages up to now.A. to translateB. to have translateC. to have been translatedD. to be translated (答案:C)(五)stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区别动名词表示停下或继续正在做的事情;不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。
1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____.A. on restB. at restC. restingD. to rest(答案:D。
“to rest”作目的状语,意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息”。
)(1999年29题)2、Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy.A. searchB. to searchC. searchingD. searched(答案:C)3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to go on _____ like that?A. talkingB. to talkC. doing talkingD. talk(答案:A)(六)remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区别remember, forget + doing sth:表示动作发生在过去。
remember, forget +to do sth:表示动作尚未发生。
1、Don’t forget _____ the window before leaving the room.A. to have closedB. to closeC. having closedD. closing(答案:B。
to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作)(2001年28题)2、I remember giving the letter to him.我记得把信给他了。
(giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。
)(七)have sth done 和have sb do sth的用法1、We are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.A. to rearrangeB. rearrangeC. rearrangedD. rearranging(答案:C。
have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。
)(2002年50题)2、I’ll _____ that I’m a qualified engineer.A. have you knowB. have known youC. have you knowingD. have you know(答案:A。
表示让某人做某事。
)(2003年25题)考试重点:动名词的逻辑主语,完成式,被动式,否定式;动名词做介词的宾语,有时介词可省略;“to”的作用。
基本形式:主动形式被动形式一般时doing being done 完成时having done having been done 在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
一、动名词的基本用法:1、We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.A. being heardB. hearingC. to hearD. having been heard(答案:B。
appreciate后接动名词做宾语。
)(1998年42题)2、John suggested _____ anything about it until they found out more facts.A. not to sayB. saying notC. to say notD. not saying(答案:D。
suggest后接动名词做宾语,否定式要在动名词前加“not”)(1995年53题)二、动名词的完成时:表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时,用动名词的完成时。
1、I don’t r emember _____. A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said thatD. ever said that(答案:C)2、I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事。
三、动名词的被动式1、No one avoid _____ by advertisements.A. influencedB. influencingC. to influenceD. being influenced(答案:D)2、Susan was very unhappy for not _____ to the party.A. to be invitedB. having been invitedC. invitingD. to have been invited (答案:B)四、动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。
1、He forgot about _____ hi m to attend my wife’s birthday party.A. I askingB. my askingC. me to askD. mine to ask(答案:B。
做介词about 的宾语,物主代词+动名词,构成动名词的复合结构。
)(1998年29题)2、I object to his (him)making private calls on the office phone.我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话。
五、动名词做介词的宾语,有时介词可省略。
1、Don’t risk _____ the job which so many people want.A. losingB. to loseC. lostD. your life to lose(答案:A。
risk后接动名词做宾语,risk(in)doing sth.中的介词in常省略。
)(1999年57题)2、I don’t think it is any use _____ this matter any further.A. discussingB. to discussC. to discussingD. to be discussed(答案:A。
it is no use (good)doing…做…没有用(好处),动名词做介词in的宾语,常省略。
)六、有的动词后的to 既可以是不定式符号,又可以是介词,使用时要特别注意。
1、You don’t object _____ you by your first name, do you?A. for me to callB. me to callC. to my callingD. my calling(答案:C。