同位语从句重难点解析及习题教学文案
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同位语从句
一、同位语从句概述
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句,常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有:belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether和副词how,when,where等。
二、同位语从句点拨
(1)同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时,用连词that引导。注:that在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,通常不省略。如:I got the news that he would come to see
me the next week.
(2)同位语从句是疑问句时,应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等词来引导。如:The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.
(3)分隔式同位语从句:当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常把同位语从句后置。如:An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond
ring.
(4)后面常跟同位语的词有:doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thoug
ht,warning,wish等。注:advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位
语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形。如:He made the suggestion that the
meeting(should) be put off.
三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)所表达的内容不同:同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面,但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明,而定语从句是对该名词的修饰,说明它的性质特
征。如:The fact that he presented was a strong proof.
他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句)
The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句)
(2)在句中所起的语法作用不同:引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它的作用是连接主句和从句,并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分,而且that作宾语时可省略,
指物时,可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接主句和从
句的作用,它不充当任何成分,不能省略,也不可被which代替。如:
We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China
the next year.
我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。(同位语从句)
The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city.
我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。(定语从句)
(3)所修饰的词不尽相同:同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限,往往是含有某种信息的词,如:message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion,
order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等,而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。
(4)wh-引导词引导同位语从句时,有其本身的疑问含义;引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如;
I have no idea where the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.(定语从句)
四、相关练习
(1)There is no obvious evidence_____there is life on any other planet in the solar system.
A.which
B.that
C.how
D.where
解析:选B没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence后的同位语从句不缺少任何成分,故用that引导。
(2)My friend showed me round the town,_____was very kind of him.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.it
解析:选A 我的朋友领我参观了这个城镇,他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语,所以用which引导,先行词是前面的整个句子。That不能引导非限制性定语从句;
where引导定语从句在从句中作状语;it不能引导从句。
(3)Many children,_____parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in
the village.
A.their
B.whose
C.of them
D.with whom
解析:选B许多孩子的父母远在大城市打工,这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照顾。根据句子结构判断,逗号后面是定语从句,从句主语parents前缺少定语,故用关系代词whose引导。Their和of them 不能引导定语从句;with whom 不能作定语。
(4)It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
(5)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _____ could be life’s most
important decision—marriage---almost entirely up to luck.
A.as
B.that
C.which
D.what
解析:选D 许多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的决定-------婚姻,几乎完全寄托于运气。Leave在此是及物动词,表示“把……留给某人决定”,所选项引导其宾语从句并在从句中作主语,所以选连接代词what。As不引导名词性从句;that引导名词性从句不作成分;which表示选择意义,意为“哪一个”。