英美文学考试要点
00604英美文学选读考试技巧
00604英美文学选读考试技巧英美文学选读考试技巧如下：1. 阅读经典作品：熟悉英美文学中的经典作品是考试的基础。
阅读这些作品能够帮助你理解作者的主题、文体和文化背景。
2. 掌握作者和作品的背景知识：了解作者的生平、作品的创作背景和历史背景对理解文学作品很有帮助。
这些背景知识能够让你更好地分析作品的含义和主题。
3. 注意作品的文体和语言技巧：文学作品通常具有特定的文体和语言技巧，例如诗歌的韵律和修辞手法，小说的叙事风格和人物描写等。
注意作品中的这些细节，能够帮助你更好地理解和解释作品。
4. 注意作品的主题和象征意义：文学作品常常探讨一些深刻的主题和象征意义，如人性、爱情、权力等。
理解作品的主题和象征意义是解读作品的关键。
5. 提前做好笔记和总结：在阅读和学习文学作品时，记得做好笔记，包括作品的关键信息、重要事件和主要人物等。
这样有助于你回顾和总结，并在考试前快速复习。
6. 增加阅读量和训练速读技巧：多读英美文学作品，增加阅读量，可以更好地熟悉各种文学作品的风格和氛围。
另外，提高阅读速度也是必要的，尤其是在限时考试中。
7. 参加讨论和写作练习：通过参加讨论和写作练习让自己更好地理解和应用英美文学作品。
与其他人讨论作品能够帮助你获得不同的观点和解读，并提高自己的思考能力。
8. 制定合理的学习计划：为了提高文学选读的考试成绩，制定一个合理的学习计划是必要的。
合理规划时间，分配阅读和复习任务，能够更好地掌握考试内容。
9. 模拟考试：在考试前进行模拟考试，将自己置于真实的考试环境中。
这样可以帮助你熟悉考试的时间限制和考试题型，并调整自己的答题策略。
10.保持积极的心态：考试前保持积极的心态对于取得好的成绩至关重要。
相信自己的能力，相信自己在长时间的准备中已经做得足够好，这样你的答题能力会更加出色。
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点英美文学选读是自考中一门重要且富有魅力的课程，它涵盖了英国和美国文学发展历程中的众多经典作品和重要作家。
对于自考生来说，掌握重点内容是顺利通过考试的关键。
以下将为您详细介绍英美文学选读自考的重点。
一、英国文学部分1、古英语时期与中世纪文学这一时期的重点是了解英国文学的起源和早期发展。
比如，《贝奥武甫》是英国文学史上第一部重要的史诗，要理解其主题、结构和语言特点。
另外，乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》也是重点，需掌握其对人物的刻画、叙事技巧以及反映的社会现实。
2、文艺复兴时期文学文艺复兴时期的英国文学成就斐然。
威廉·莎士比亚是重中之重，他的戏剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《麦克白》等，要深入研究其人物塑造、情节设置、主题思想以及对人性、命运、爱情等问题的探讨。
同时，还需了解这一时期其他重要作家如托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
3、 17 世纪文学这一时期的玄学派诗歌和清教徒文学是重点。
约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌以奇特的比喻和复杂的思维著称，要理解其诗歌的独特风格和思想内涵。
而弥尔顿的《失乐园》《复乐园》等作品，则要把握其宗教主题和史诗般的气魄。
4、 18 世纪文学启蒙运动时期的英国文学注重现实和理性。
丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》是必读作品，要分析主人公的形象和作品所反映的殖民主义、个人奋斗等主题。
此外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》也是重点，理解其讽刺手法和对社会现象的批判。
5、 19 世纪浪漫主义文学浪漫主义时期的诗人如威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、拜伦、雪莱和济慈的作品都需要认真研读。
了解他们各自的诗歌风格、主题以及对自然、爱情、自由等的追求。
同时，简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》也是常考内容，要分析其细腻的人物描写和婚姻爱情观。
6、 19 世纪现实主义文学查尔斯·狄更斯的作品在这一时期占据重要地位，如《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等，要理解其对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。
英美文学考试题型及复习提纲
英美文学考试题型及复习提纲（2008级）一、考试题型：本次考试共有5个大题，总分为100分，考试方式为闭卷考试，考试时长为120分钟，具体分值分布如下：I．选择题，20个小题，每小题2分，共40分。
考试内容为文学综合知识。
II.连线题，10个小题，每小题1分，共10分。
考试内容为作家与作品。
III.名词解释。
1. Puritanism 2. Free Verse. 3. American Naturalism3个小题，每小题5分，共15分。
考试的内容为文学术语。
IV. 篇章阅读。
3个小题，每小题5分，共15分。
考试的内容：作品。
1. Song of Myself2. I heard a Fly buzz -- when I died --"3.The Road Not TakenV. 短文写作。
一个小题，满分20分，考试的目标是对所学的作品进行赏析与评论。
二、考试总目标: 考察学生英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力，分析作品的艺术特色的能力、正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，以及阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。
三、美国文学本学期授课基本内容（请结合授课讲义PPT，lecture 1-11）Part one: The early American literature1. American Puritanism（清教主义）⑴Puritans=Calvinists(加尔文主义)1. John Calvin, a theologian, Puritans believed most doctrines preached by him, so they were also called CalvinistsPuritans wanted to “purify the church” to its original state, because they thought the church was corrupted and had too many ritualsTo be a Puritan: taking religion as the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination（命运天定）, original sin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的), total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救)Life style of Puritans: pious（虔诚的）, austerity（简朴）of taste, diligence and thrift, rigid sense of morality, self-relianceThe Puritan dominating values were: hard work，thrift，piety ，sobriety。
英美文学选读自学考试大纲
英美文学选读自学考试大纲一、考试简介英美文学选读自学考试旨在测试考生对于英美文学的基本概念、发展历程、重要作家及其作品的掌握程度，以及对于英美文学的基本理论和分析方法的了解和运用能力。
考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为180分钟，满分为100分。
二、考试内容1、英美文学基本概念及发展历程（20%）测试考生对于英美文学的基本概念、发展历程和重要时期的了解和掌握程度。
2、英美文学重要作家及其作品（30%）测试考生对于英美文学的重要作家及其代表作品的了解和掌握程度，包括但不限于莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀、托尔斯泰、海明威等。
3、英美文学的基本理论和分析方法（30%）测试考生对于英美文学的基本理论和分析方法的了解和掌握程度，包括但不限于新批评、结构主义、后现代主义等。
4、阅读理解与写作能力（20%）测试考生的阅读理解能力和写作能力，包括对于所给文本的理解、分析、评价和论述能力。
三、考试形式及题型1、单项选择题（20分）要求考生从四个选项中选择一个最符合题意的答案。
2、多项选择题（20分）要求考生从五个选项中选择两个或以上的答案。
21、简答题（20分）要求考生用简短的语言回答问题，考查考生的理解和概括能力。
211、分析题（30分）要求考生对所给的文学作品进行分析、评价和论述，考查考生的分析能力和语言表达能力。
2111、写作题（10分）要求考生根据给定的题目和要求进行写作，考查考生的写作能力和语言表达能力。
四、自学建议系统学习英美文学基本知识：了解英美文学的发展历程、重要时期和流派，掌握基本概念和理论。
阅读重要作家作品：选择一些经典作家及其代表作品进行阅读和研究，深入了解作家的创作风格和思想内涵。
培养阅读和分析能力：通过阅读和分析文学作品，提高自己的阅读能力和分析能力，掌握基本的文学分析方法。
加强写作训练：通过写作练习，提高自己的写作能力和语言表达能力，为考试做好准备。
英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：代表人物：莎士比亚、培根、哈姆雷特等。
英美文学赏析题技巧
英美文学赏析题技巧英美文学赏析题技巧主要包括以下几个方面：1. 了解背景知识：在赏析英美文学作品之前，了解作品的背景知识非常重要。
这包括作者的生平、时代背景、作品的主题和风格等。
这些背景知识有助于更好地理解作品，从而更好地回答赏析题。
2. 分析作品主题：主题是英美文学作品的中心思想，是作者想要传达的主要信息。
在赏析时，要深入分析作品的主题，理解作者的意图和表达的思想。
3. 探讨作品风格：风格是作者在作品中所表现出来的一种独特的语言和写作方式。
在赏析时，要注意分析作品的风格，包括语言特点、修辞手法、叙事方式等。
这有助于更好地理解作者的写作技巧和作品的独特之处。
4. 抓住人物形象：人物形象是英美文学作品中的重要元素，是作者用来表达主题和思想的重要手段。
在赏析时，要抓住作品中的人物形象，理解他们的性格特点、行为表现以及作者塑造他们的意图。
5. 体会作品意义：英美文学作品通常具有深刻的意义和启示。
在赏析时，要深入体会作品的意义，理解作者通过作品所传达的信息和价值观。
6. 分析作品结构：结构是英美文学作品的框架，是作者安排情节和组织素材的方式。
在赏析时，要注意分析作品的结构，理解作者的构思和布局，从而更好地把握作品的脉络和整体感。
7. 注重细节：细节是英美文学作品的灵魂，是作者用来刻画人物、情节和环境的重要手段。
在赏析时，要注重作品中出现的细节描写，理解作者的意图和表达效果。
8. 练习阅读理解：阅读理解是英美文学赏析的基础。
在平时的学习中，要多练习阅读理解，提高自己的阅读能力和分析能力。
这有助于更好地理解作品，从而更好地回答赏析题。
以上是英美文学赏析题的技巧，希望能对您有所帮助。
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是？5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？12.最著名作家：乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结（作者、人物角色、情节、后果）和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。
英美文学考试题型及大致范围
一、根据作品写作家。
（20%）要求：必须写作家全名且不能写错，如Charles Dickens。
二、单选题。
（20%）全部在英国文学选择题和美国文学选择题上。
三、名词解释（20%）transcendentalism,超越论，先验论naturalism,自然主义，本能行动，自然论romanticism,浪漫主义，浪漫精神sonnet,十四行诗，商籁诗renaissance, 文艺复兴the Byronic Hero,拜伦式英雄lyrical ballad,抒情歌谣the lost generation,迷惘的一代beat generation,垮了的一代local color,乡土特色，地域色彩critical realism批判现实主义，批判实在论四、诗歌评论与翻译（20%）The Road Not Taken五、小说评论（20%）Tess of the D’urbervilles.Two days ago, I have read Tess of the d’Urbervilles. Tess is so miserable. She is really a tragic figure in the book TESS of the d’Urberwilles.She was seduced by a so-called gentleman—Alec. And from then on her life totally changed. People looked down on her and respected her no more. Actually she did nothing wrong because before she was seduced she knew nothing of men. She was justa girl when she first met that terrible man. She was forced by thegossips and the church to blame herself for this accident. In order to get rid of the past she decided to go to a distant dairy farm. Maybe God didn’t agree with t hat, because Angel Chare came into her life. Angel is the man Tess loved with her whole heart and life. After their wedding, Tess told everything to Angel, hoping he would forgive her as he was forgiven .But she was wrong. She was not forgiven. Angel left her.Tragedy didn’t stop. Alec found her again. Tess was deceivedagain. She lost Angel for the second time!She forgot the difference between right and wrong. The only thing in her mind is her love to Angel. She lost control! She killed Alec!I was so sad to read the tragic ending. I wanted to ask why the ending is that.Tess’s whole character was honest and faithful. She was always hurt by those people who said they love her. She was so unsophisticated that she trusted everyone else.She loved Angel very much. And she trusted Angel. So she was on her mettle to tell her husband her past. Why didn’t she get Angel’s forgive?It’s unfair. Men are always easy to get forgive. Women are always easy to be hurt.In old China there was a culture, which didn’t think of women as human beings. If you asked one if he was the oldest in his family, he would probably answer “yes” even if he had some elder sisters. If you asked why then he would say, “Ha, they are not included!” People gave birth to many girls in order to ha ve only one boy to keep the family name going. They thought girls had no use for the family.Nowadays women’s situations have become much better. Some are because of the change of society and some are because of civilization.Just let those poor painful women like TESS be just a memory. 《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代著称于世的“威塞克斯系列”中的一部力作。
自学考试英美文学选读要点中英文概要
1234代价,与敌人同归于尽。
51. In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer. 弥尔顿毕生都展现了真正的革命精神和非凡的诗歌才华。
52. Paradise Lost:人类由于理性不强,意志薄弱,经不起考验,暗示英国自产主义革命失败的原因。
Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798新古典主义1. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values. 总之, 这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。
2. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlighte nment or the Age of Reason. 英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代, 或曰理性时代。
3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. 运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。
4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the fin al cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a referenc e to order, reason and rules. 启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。
他们大力提倡秩序,理性及法律。
5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, becamea very popular means of public education. 其实, 当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念,就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理2
英美文学选读要点总结细心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心, 人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到足够的论据, 来赞美人性, 并开始留意到人类是崇高的生命, 人可以不断发展完善自己, 而且世界是属于他们的, 供他们怀疑, 探究以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔, 克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
英美文学复习提纲1
I. Fill in the blanks.1.The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were (Britons), a tribe of (celts)2.Who is Julius Caesar? (the Roman Conqueror)3.Beowulf is a ( pagan) poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society4.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of（pagan）5.The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls into two divisions, ( pagan) and (Christian).6.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing (knightly)adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.7.(Popular ballads) are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by the oral transmission.8.For nearly 400 years before the coming of the English, Britain had been a(Roman)province. After the Romans left Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates. 10.They were three tribes from Northern Europe: (Angles) (Saxons),and (Jutes)11.（Alfred the Great）is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.12.In the year (1066), at the battle of (Hastings), the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons13.After the Norman Conquest, (feudal) system was established in English society14. (Geoffery Chaucer) the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poetry of England, was born in London about 1340.15.The hero in the romance is usually the ( knight).16.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ( Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales).17.When he died, Chaucer was buried in (Westminster Abbey )the Poet' s Corner18.Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?( Romeo and Juliet). A. Othello B. Macbeth C. Romeo and Juliet D. Hamlet莎士比亚四大悲剧，包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》19.Shakespearian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a (couplet) with the rhyme scheme ( abab cdcd efef gg.)20.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme21.(Humanism) is the key-note of the (Renaissance).22.How many works did William Shakespeare produce? (37) plays, 154 sonnets and 7 long poems.23.Shakespeare’s Comedies are T he Merchant of Venice; The Twelfth Night; A24.Mid-Summer Night’s Dream and (As You Like it). {四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of venice《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night}25.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.26.English Renaissance Period was an age of (drama) and (poetry)27.“Renaissance” is a (French) word that means "rebirth". It was a rebirth of learning and art.28.The Renaissance first began in (Italy) in the 13th and 14th centuries.29.One of the features of the Renaissance is the thirsty curiosity for the (classical) literature, especially Greek and Roman literature. Another feature is the keen interest in man and human activities.30.The (prologue) provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.31.Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the (London) dialect, so profusely used by the poet32.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? (Grendel)33.It was during the Roman rule that (Christianity) was introduced to Briton.34.The following are the poetic form of Beowulf, the use of (alliteration), (metaphors) and (understatement)35.In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, why does Gawain take the lady’s green girdle? (because he doesn’t want to die).36.（Edmund Spenser）was known as “the poets’ poet.”37.“To be, or not to be—that is the question” is taken fro (Hamlet)38.Christopher Marlowe, the pioneer of drama gave new vigor to (blank verse) with his mighty lines.II. Major Authors and Their WorksGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟Foreign Influences1. Boccaccio(薄伽丘）Decameron 《十日谈》2.Dante 但丁Three Stages1.The French period (1360~1372)Under the influence of French poetryThe Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》2. Italian period (1372~1385)Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceThe House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troilus and Cressie《特罗勒斯与克莱西》3. English period (1386~1400)Free from any foreign influenceThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《汉姆莱特》Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克佩斯》All's Well That Ends Well《终成眷属》Measure for Measure《量罪记》Thomas More 托马斯·摩尔Utopia《乌托邦》Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》III. Define the following terms.1.Epic：（史诗）A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It has historical root. Meanwhile, it incorporates myth, legend and folk tale. Many epics were transmitted orally by song and recitation before they were written down. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton’s Paradise Lost.2.Alliteration: is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other in a line. It is the basis of Old English verse. The two parts of a line in the poem are united by alliteration. 头韵法:头韵法是指两个或两个以上相邻或相近的词用相同的字母或声韵开头的修饰方法。
最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。
3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。
seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作：The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端)内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romancelacked-interest of character as well as incident.观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale④The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪)1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就：Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.Sidney Spenser: the poet’s poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人Second period(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白Third period(1609—1612)historiesLyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggSonnet 18:Theme：The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29:Theme：①The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ②Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:①Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.②Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.③His intellectual genius is outstanding.④Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)1、文学特点concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan. 光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物：①John Donne“metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spiritually②John MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.诗歌：Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧：Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: L‘Allegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica: attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles IDefense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution Sonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His Blindness③John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrim’s Progress④John Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)1、文学特点：The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In thisstage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.4、文学名人及作品：①classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele：The Spectator Addison Pope johnson②pre-romanticismWilliam Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描The Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 <A Red, Red Rose> My Heart’s in the n Highlands> <The Tree Of Liberty>③modern novelA. realistic novelDaniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan SwiftB. sentimentalismLaurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram ShandyThomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌5、Daniel Defoe①英国小说之父②Robinson Crusoe全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.③Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗The History of Tom Jones, a foundling主要人物：Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingSophia Western: brave and admirableBlifil: sly, perfidiousJoseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia7、Jonathan Swift（irony反讽)A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapier’s Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gulliver’s Travels格列佛四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scott’s death.2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exoticpicture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.5.romantuc writersThe first generation romantic writersBurns Blake----------pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge--------negtiveThe second generation romantic writersByron Shelley and Keats-----active romanticsHistorical novelist-----Walter Scott6.WordsworthA..style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureB.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.①<Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⑤Lucy Poems 露西⑥<The Prelude>序曲The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老水手之歌The Excursion 漫游7.Lord ByronA.Byron’s language is moody and vicid,and he covers vast ares,both geographically and moyionally.B.Byronic hero:dark romancesC.works①<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记②<Don Juan>唐•璜③<Cain>该隐诗歌：<She Walks In Beauty>8.ShelleyA.the mask of anarchy 暴政的化的装游行B．the finest lyric poets in the English languageC．works<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性<Queen Mab>麦布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<Prometheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression <The Cenci>钦契 <A Defence of Poetry>诗辩<Ode to the West Wind>西风颂To a Skylark>致云雀9.ScottA. a historical novelistB.worksIvanhoe 艾凡赫waverly 威弗利the lady of the lake 湖畔湖人Rob Roy罗布.罗衣10.Jane Austen作品：① <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情②<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见③<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园④<Emma>爱玛⑤<Persuasion>劝导⑥<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺。
英美文学复习
英美文学复习英美文学复习一．William Shakespeare1. In “Sonnet 18” Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _____ and the eternal ____brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.A. death, lifeB. death, loveC. time, beautyD. time, love2. In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ________.A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost3. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnet 18) What does “ this” refer t o?A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry4. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one Shakespeare’s _________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets5. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?A. HamletB. Romeo and JulietC. King LearD. Macbeth6. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. FrankensteinC. Timon of AthensD. Sense and SensibilityDr. Faustus is Christopher Marlowe's masterpiece, in which Dr. Faustus sells his soul to the devil in return for the promise of eternal life.7. _______ exposes the corruption of ambition.A. OthelloB. King LearC. HamletD. Macbeth8. Shakespeare’s complete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and ______sonnets.A. 154B. 152C. 153D. 1509. Shakespeare’s works in the earlier period are often imbued with an optimistic atmosphere of humanism. Which of the following works does not belong to this period?A. Romeo and JulietB. The TempestC. The Merchant of VeniceD. A Midsummer Night’s Dream10. All the following except ______ has been called Shakespeare’s “great comedies”?A. Much Ado about NothingB. A Midsummer Night’s DreamC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night11. ________is the symbol of Shakespeare’s ideal kinship, who represents the up surging patriotism of that period.A. Henry VIIIB. Henry VC. Richard IID. Richard III12. Who is the heroine in The Merchant of Venice?A. JessicaB. CeliaC. PortiaD. ViolaViola is from Twelfth Night, Celia is from As You Like It.13. The tragedy _______ of Shakespeare shows that noble-minded people may be led astray by evil forces in an evil society and commit heinous mistakes.A. HamletB. MacbethC. OthelloD. King Learheinous: 极可耻的shameful, disgraceful奥赛罗是威尼斯公国一员勇将。
基础英语考研(英美文学简史)考研复习考点归纳
基础英语考研（英美文学简史）考研复习考点归纳一、《英国文学简史》考点笔记1.1 复习笔记早期英国文学Early English LiteratureⅠ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知识——英国的形成）1．The Roman Conquest (55B.C.-410A.D.) 罗马征服（公元前55年—公元410年）A. Brief Introduction（简介）Before the Roman Conquest, the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts.In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A.D. But at the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman Empire was in the process of declining. In 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.罗马征服之前，在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人（Britons），不列颠人是凯尔特（Celt）部落的一支。
公元前55年，该岛被罗马的朱利尤斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar）侵略。
直到公元78年，不列颠才完全臣服于罗马帝国，但是在5世纪初，罗马帝国开始没落。
公元410年，所有的罗马军队撤离该岛。
B. Influence（影响）①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Britons were treated as slaves.②The Romans brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely. (This is a profound religious effect up to today).③Roman road was built for military purposes.④Along the Roman roads, many towns grew up, London was one of them, and it became an important trading center.①罗马人的生活方式被带到了英国，而当地的不列颠人却沦为奴隶。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。
通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。
本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。
4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。
伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。
二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。
2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。
3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。
福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。
4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。
莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。
三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。
英美文学选读考试大纲
英美文学选读考试大纲一、考试目的与要求本考试旨在评估学生对英美文学经典作品的理解和鉴赏能力，以及对文学理论、历史背景和文化语境的掌握程度。
考生应具备以下能力：1. 阅读并分析英美文学作品的能力。
2. 理解和评价文学作品中的主题、风格和技巧。
3. 对英美文学发展史有一个基本的了解。
4. 能够将文学作品与社会、历史背景联系起来进行综合分析。
二、考试内容1. 英国文学- 古代至文艺复兴时期：包括但不限于乔叟、莎士比亚的作品。
- 17世纪至18世纪：如约翰·弥尔顿、亚历山大·蒲柏、简·奥斯汀的作品。
- 19世纪：浪漫主义、维多利亚时期的作家，如华兹华斯、拜伦、狄更斯等。
- 20世纪至今：现代主义和后现代主义作家，如弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、乔治·奥威尔、多丽丝·莱辛等。
2. 美国文学- 殖民时期至独立战争：包括但不限于爱德华·泰勒、本杰明·富兰克林的作品。
- 19世纪：浪漫主义和现实主义作家，如爱默生、霍桑、梅尔维尔、马克·吐温等。
- 20世纪：现代主义和后现代主义作家，如菲茨杰拉德、海明威、福克纳、塞林格等。
- 当代文学：包括多种族、多文化背景下的作家，如托尼·莫里森、唐·德里罗等。
三、考试形式与题型1. 选择题：考察学生对文学作品的基本事实、作者、历史背景等的了解。
2. 简答题：要求学生对文学作品的主题、人物、情节等进行简要分析。
3. 论述题：要求学生综合运用文学理论知识，对文学作品进行深入分析和评价。
4. 作文题：根据给定的文学作品或文学现象，撰写一篇有观点、有分析、有论证的论文。
四、考试范围与重点1. 英国文学的重点包括但不限于：- 莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌。
- 18世纪启蒙时期的文学作品。
- 19世纪的浪漫主义和现实主义作品。
- 20世纪现代主义和后现代主义文学。
2. 美国文学的重点包括但不限于：- 早期美国文学与美国独立精神的关系。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
Part1EnglihLiteratureAnIntroductiontoOldandMedievalEnglihLiterature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．GeoffreyChaucer的文学贡献二．练习：1.Chooethebetanwerforeachblank.1).Theperiodof______Englihliteraturebeginfromabout450to1066, theyearof______.A.Old----RenaianceB.Middle----theNormanConquetofEnglandC.Middle----RenaianceD.Old----theNormanConquetofEngland2)..TheMedievalperiodinEnglihliteraturee某tendfrom1066uptothe______century.A.mid-13thB.mid-14thC.mid-15thD.mid-16th3).Beowulf,atypicale某ampleofOldEnglihpoetry,iregardedtodayathenational______oftheAngl o-Sa某on.A.onnetB.eayC.epicD.novel6).Aftertheconquetof1066,threelanguageco-e某itedinEngland.Theyare______,______and______.A.OldEnglih,Greek,LatinB.OldEnglih,French,LatinC.OldEnglih,G reek,FrenchD.Englih,Greek,FrenchA.coupletB.blankvereC.heroiccoupletD.epic8).Thematicallythepoem“Beowulf”preentavividpictureofhowthe primitivepeoplewageheroictruggleagaintthehotileforceofthe______w orldunderawieandmighty______.A.manB.theoryC.doctrineD.era10).GeoffreyChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedtanzaofvario utypetoEnglihpoetrytoreplacetheOldEnglih______vere.A.rhymedB.alliterativeC.ocialD.viionary2.E某plainthefollowingliteralterm.1).Romance2).HeroicCouplet3).Epic3.Anwerthefollowingquetion.1).HowmanygroupdotheOldEnglihpoetrydividedintoWhataretheyWhi chgroupdoeBeowulfbelongtoWhy2).WhatithecontributionofGeoffreyChaucertoEnglihliteratureChapter1.TheRenaiancePeriod一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：RenaiancePeriod1.Chooethebetanwerforeachblank.1).TheRenaiance,ineence,iahitoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropean_ _____thinkerandcholarmadeattempttogetridofthoeoldfeudalitideainmedievalEuro pe,tointroducenewideathate某preedtheinteretoftheriingbourgeoiie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheea rlychurchformthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.A.GreekandRomanB.humanitC.religiouD.loyal2).Generally,the______refertotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturie.ItfirttartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,culp tureandliterature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetheretofEurop e.A.MedievalPeriodB.RenaianceC.OldEnglihPeriodD.RomanticPeriod3).______itheeenceoftheRenaiance.ThomaMore,ChritopherMarloweand_ ______arethebetrepreentativeoftheEnglihhumanit.A.Humanity----WilliamShakepeareB.Humanim-----FranciBaconC.Humanity----GeoffreyChaucerD.Humanim----WilliamShakepeare4).TheElizabethan______itherealmaintreamoftheEnglihRenaiance .ThemotfamoudramatitintheRenaianceEnglandareChritopherMarlowe,Wi lliamShakepeare,and______.A.novel---GeoffreyChaucerB.poetry----FranciBaconC.drama----BenJononD.drama----GeoffreyChaucer5).Humanimprangfromtheendeavortoretoreamedievalreverencefort heantiqueauthorandifrequentlytakenathebeginningoftheRenaianceoni tconciou,intellectualide,fortheGreekand______civilizationwabaedo nuchaconceptionthat______ithemeaureofallthing.A.Roman----moralB.French----reaonC.Roman----manD.French----God6).OneofthemajorreultoftheReformationinEnglandwathefactthatt heBibleinEnglihwaplacedineverychurchandervicewereheldinEnglihint eadof______othatpeoplecouldundertand.tinB.FrenchC.GreekD.Anglo-Sa某on7).Wyatt,intheRenaianceperiod,introducedthePetrarchan______i ntoEngland,whileSurreybroughtin______vere.A.drama----freeB.onnet----blankC.terzarima----blankD.couplet----free8).IntheearlytageoftheEnglihRenaiance,poetryand______werethe motouttandingformandtheywerecarriedonepeciallybyWilliamShakepeareandBenJo non.A.fictionB.dramaticfictionC.poeticdramaD.novel9).Byemphaizin gthedignityofhumanbeingandtheimportanceofthepreentlife,______voi cedtheirbeliefthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthi life,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimelfandtoperformwonder.A.humanitB.ProtetantC.CatholicD.playwright10).______wathefirtimportantEngliheayit.Hewaalothefounderofm oderncienceinEngland.A.EdmundSpenerB.ChritopherMarloweC.FranciBaconD.BenJonon2.E某plainthefollowingliteralterm.1).theRenaiancePeriod2).blankvere3) .Humanim3.Anwerthefollowingquetion.3).WhatarethetypicalcharacteriticofliteraryworkproducedinRen aianceEngland文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
英语专业英美文学史复习要点.doc
I.Some Historical Facts ★★★The earliest inhabitants: Britons （a tribe of Celts）Britain: "the land of Britons" © Now, the Three Famous Conquests:A.The Roman Conquest （55BC-410AD）1.Britain was invaded by the Romans under the leadership of Julius Caesar in 55 BC, and was completely subjugated to the Roman Empire in 78 A.D.2.Roman mode of life came across to Britain:Conquerors— theaters; bathsnative Britons— slaves3.Roman Empire began to decline at the beginning of the 5th C.In 410 A. D. all the Roman troops withdrew and never returned.B.The Anglo-Saxon Conquest （449-1066）In 449 A.D., Britain was invaded by three Germanic tribes from the Northeast of Europe:Angles （盎格鲁人）Saxons （撒克逊人）Jutes （朱特人）C.The Norman Conquest （1066-1485）French-speaking Normans, under the leadership of Duke William （William the Conqueror） came in 1066.After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as the King of England. In the Anglo-Norman period, the prominent kind of literature, Romances, were at first all in French.At the end of the 14th century, English became dominant once more.II. Anglo-Saxon LiteratureAnglo-Saxon Poetry★★1.Pagan Poetry （世俗诗）Also called secular poetry, it does not contain any specific Christian doctrine. It was represented by Beowulf （贝奥武甫）.2.Religious Poetry （宗教诗）Also called Christian poetry, it is mainly on biblical stories and saints9 lives. But sometimes there is a mixture of Christian and pagan （异教徒）ideas. It is represented by Caedmon （凯德蒙）and Cynewulf （基涅武甫）・National epic （民族史诗）★★National epic: epic written in vernacular （本国的）languages, namely, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Poetic Features of “Beowulf （贝奥武甫）★★★i.The use of alliteration （头韵）is one of its most striking features.In alliterative verse, certain stressed or accented words in a line begin with the same consonant. There are 4 stresses in a line generally, of which three or two show alliteration.ii.The use of kennings:Kenning （代喻）:compound words that serve as metaphor, used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry.For example: "storm of swords" is a kenning for "battle".iii.The use of understatements（抑言陈述）or euphemism （委婉语），e.g.: "not troublesome" > very welcome"need not praise" > a right to condemniv.The basically pagan poem has an evident Christian overlay.e.g.:（l） "God" or "Lord" is frequently mentioned as the omnipotent supreme being, along with such Christian concepts as the belief in "future life".（2）Grendel is said to be descendant of the errant biblical figure, Cain.The Religious Poetry ★★The religious poetry is also called Christian poetry. It is mainly on biblical stories and saints9lives. But sometimes there is a mixture of Christian and pagan ideas in these poems. It is represented by Caedmon and Cynewulf.Anglo-Saxon Prose （散文）★★Prose literature did not show its appearance until the 8th century.There were two famous prose writers:Venerable Bede （比德）Alfred the Great （阿尔弗烈德大王）Anglo-Norman Literatures^1066, the year of the Norman conquest, marks the beginning of Anglo-Norman period （1066-1485）.Ca. 1200: the beginning of the Middle English Literature.A. Romance ★★★Romance （骑士文学），mostly in French, is the dominant kind of literature in the Anglo-Norman period.It is a long composition in verse or prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures.Essential features of the Romanced ★★1.It lacks general resemblance （相似）to truth or reality.2.It exaggerates the vices （罪恶）of human nature and idealizes the virtues.3.It contains perilous （危险的）adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.4.It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to lady.5.The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. He is commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the church and the king.The Matters of Britain★★★This Cycle mainly deals with the exploits （功绩）of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination （高潮）of the Arthurian romances.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight**Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》），a verse romance of 2530 lines, derived from Celtic legend. It was considered as the best of Arthurian romance.English Ballads (民歌)★★1.It is oral literature of the English people (esp. peasants).2.It is a story told in song, usu. in 4-line stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.3.Its subject matters: young lovers9 struggle against patriarchy (父权制)；conflict between love and wealth; cruelty of jealousy; criticism of the civil war (1337〜1453) between England and France.; matters of class struggle.Robin Hood Ballads: most noted.Translation of the Bible**1. John Wycliffe (1320-1384), the first attempt to translate the Latin version of the Bible into Middle English.King James9 version (the Authorized Version) (1611)Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)杰弗里•乔叟(GeoffreyChaucer) ★★★Father of English poetryThe first great poet writing in Middle EnglishFounder of English realismMain WorksThe Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The House of Fame《声誉殿堂》Troilus and Criseide《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》Chaucer's Contributions★★★i.Chaucer made the London dialect the standard for modern English language, and was the first to write in English. In doing so, established English as the literary language of the country.ii.He introduced ( from France and Italy) the rhymed stanza (诗节)of various types, esp. heroic couplet (英雄偶句诗),to take the place of the old alliterative verse.iii.His works give a comprehensive picture of Chaucer's time; For his true-to-life (写实的)depictions, Chaucer is generally regarded as the forerunner of English realism.iv.Chaucer's gentle satire （讽束!j） and mild irony made him a pioneering English humorist writer.The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集）（1387-1400）***1.The outline of the storyThe story opens with a general prologue telling that on a spring evening, at the Tabard Inn （泰巴旅店）,at the South end of London Bridge, Chaucer meets 29 pilgrims ready for Canterbury and he joins them.Suggested by the host of the inn, each is to tell 2 stories going and 2 returning. The best teller will be treated with a fine supper, by the host.Clearly, the structure of The Canterbury Tales is indebted to Boccaccio's Decameron （《十日谈》）.As a gigantic plan, 120 stories should be told but only 24 were written.But these tales cover practically all the major types of medieval literature: a. romance;b. folk tale;c. beast fable （1 申话）；d. adventures;e. saint's life;f. allegorical tale （寓言）;g. sermon （训诫）;h. alchemical account （炼丹术）,etc.2.The General Prologue （总序言）The Canterbury Tales consists of three parts:The General Prologue,24 tales, four of which left unfinished,Separate prologues to each tale.The General Prologue was considered the best part of the whole work, which supplies a picture of people from all walks of life in the medieval England. It in essence serves asa guide.3.The charactersAll kinds of people except the highest and the lowest are represented by these thirty pilgrims （朝圣者）：The gentle class （2申士阶层）is represented by the knight, the squire （骑士扈从）, the monk, the prioress （女修道院院长）,the Oxford scholar, and the Franklin （地主）; The burgher class （市民阶层）is represented by the wealthy trademan, thehaberdasher（月艮装店主），the carpenter, the landed proprietor（土地业主），the weaver, the tapestry-maker （挂毯商）,and the Wife of Bath （巴斯夫人）；The professionals are represented by the lawyer and the physician.Rhymed ★Alliteration （头韵）：stressed words in a line begin with the same consonant, e.g.: great, grewAssonance （谐韵）:stressed words in a line share the same vowel （谐元韵），e.g.: great, failRhyme （尾韵）：Identity or sameness of terminal sounds in poetic lines or in words, e.g.: great, bait Feet （音步）feet: small groups of syllables （音节）,i.e. the combination of a strong stress and one or two weak stresses.simply put （简言之）:Combination of one stressed syllable （重读音节）& one or two unstressed syllables （非重读音节）e.g. hazel; to swell;The clock struck one.Four standard（1）iambic （抑扬格,n. iamb）an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable:defeat return（2）anapestic （抑抑扬格,n. anapest）two unstressed syllables t a stressed:understand with a leap（3）trochaic （扬抑格,n. trochee）a stressed an unstressed:listen double（4）dactylic （扬抑抑格,n. dactyl）a stressed 一 two unstressed syllables: Here we go merrilyNumber of feet in a(1)monometer 单音步(one foot)(2)dimeter 二音步(two feet)(3)trimeter 三音步(three feet )(4) tetrameter 四音步(fourfbet )(5) pentameter 五音步(five feet )(6) hexameter 六音步(six feet)(7) heptameter 七音步(sevenfeet)(8) octameterMeter (韵律)八音步(eightfeet)The meter of a line (诗行的韵律)not only includes the predominant foot of the line, but also the number of feet that it contains.rhymed stanza (押＜尾＞韵诗节)Rhymed: correspondence of terminal sounds of words, or of lines of verse.Stanza: a group of lines in a repeated pattern that form a unit within a larger poem.List of stanza names according to number of lines:2lines = Couplet (对联)3lines = Tercet (三行诗)4lines = Quatrain (四行诗)5lines = Cinquain (五彳亍诗)6lines = Sestet (六行诗)7lines = Septet (七行诗)8lines = Octave (八行诗)heroic couplet (英雄诗体，英雄双韵句)It is a rhymed couplet (押韵对句)：a pair of rhyming lines in iambic pentameter.rhyming scheme (韵法)英语诗歌的行与行之间的押韵格式称韵法。
英美文学考试要点
精选课件
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IV: Identification of the Following Passages (20%) （每小题 10分，共20 分）
A little black thing among the snow Crying “weep, weep,” in notes of woe! “Where are thy father & mother? say?” “They are both gone up to the church to pray.”
“And because I am happy and dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God and his Priest and King Who make up a heaven of our misery.”
英语文学欣赏要点
精选课件
1
I-1. 课程重点
英国文学重点时期： Renaissance Period Romantic Period Victorian Age 美国文学重点时期 Romanticism Realism Modernism
精选课件
2
II-2.课程重点
英国重点作家 （姓名，文学地位，代表作）：
Rhythm (节奏)
Satire (幽默讽刺)
Setting (背景):
Simile（明喻）
Stanza （诗节）
Style (文体)
Setting （文学背景）
精选课件
14
2L.4ite理r解ar和y 运Te用rm类文s （学术文语学术语）
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欧文，爱伦·坡，霍桑，惠特曼，迪金森， 马克•吐温，詹姆斯，德莱塞，海明威，庞德， 斯蒂文斯，菲茨杰拉德， 斯坦贝克，福克纳
III-1.英国文学精读部分
Hamlet (Act III) Sonnet 18 The Chimney Sweeper A Red, Red Rose I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud She Walks in Beauty Eagle Pride and Prejudice (Chapter I) He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven Araby
III-2. 美国文学精读部分
I’m
Nobody! Who Are You? Theme for English B In a Station of the Metro A Story Wet as Tears Anecdote of the Jar A Well-lighted Place The Story of an Hour My Oedipus Complex Christmas Day in the Morning
IV-1. 英国作品理解
（人物分析，主题，写作特色等） Romeo
and Juliet Oliver Twist Pride and Prejudice Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights Tess of the D’Urbervilles Pygmalion
IV-2. 美国作品理解
乔叟， 莎士比亚， 弥尔顿，笛福，斯威夫特 华兹华斯， 拜伦，雪莱，济慈， 简•奥斯丁 狄更斯，夏洛蒂•勃朗特，艾米丽•勃朗特， 萧伯纳，哈代, 乔伊斯，劳伦斯
II-3.课程重点
美国重点作家（姓名，文学地位，代表作）： -Washington Irving，Edgar Allan Poe， Nathaniel Hawthorne; Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson，Mark Twain，Henry James， Theodore Dreiser；Ernest Hemingway， Ezra Pound， Wallace Stevens, Scott Fitzgerald，John Steinbeck，William Faulkner
V. Literary Terms （文学术语）
1. 2 须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解） Narrative Poem（叙事诗） Epic （史诗） Lyric (poem) （抒情诗） Sonnet （十四行诗） Free Verse（自由诗） Heroic Couplet（英雄联韵体） Metaphysical Poetry （玄学诗） Lost Generation (迷惘的一代） Stream of Consciousness （意识流）
（人物分析，主题，写作特色等）
The
Scarlet Letter Huckleberry Finn Gone with the Wind The Joy Luck Club The Hours
V. Literary Terms （文学术语）
1. 1 须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解） Renaissance (文艺复兴) Humanism (人文主义) Sentimentalism (感伤主义) Romanticism （浪漫主义） Realism （现实主义） Critical Realism (批判现实主义) Modernism （现代主义） Feminism (女性主义）
Questions: 1 Please indicate the Full Name of the poet. 2 What is the title of the poem? 3 What is the “little black thing”? 4 What does the poem describe? 5 Write out the rhyme scheme of the first stanza? 6. Rewrite the second stanza of this poem in your own words or paraphrase it.
VI.考试形式
I: Find the Relevant Match from Column B for Each Item in Column A (20%) （每小题 1分） II: Multiple Choices (10%)（每小题1分） III: Definition of the Following Terms (10%)
英语文学欣赏要点
I-1. 课程重点
英国文学重点时期： Renaissance Period Romantic Period Victorian Age 美国文学重点时期 Romanticism Realism Modernism
II-2.课程重点
英国重点作家 （姓名，文学地位，代表作）： Geoffrey Chaucer， William Shakespeare， John Milton，Daniel Defoe，Jonathan Swift William Wordsworth， George Gordon Byron Percy Bysshe Shelley，John Keats，Jane Austen Charles Dickens， Charlotte Bronte， Emily Bronte， Bernard Shaw, Thomas Hardy, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence
2.3 理解和运用类文学术语 Rhyme Scheme (韵式,押韵格式) Rhythm (节奏) Satire (幽默讽刺) Setting (背景): Simile（明喻） Stanza （诗节） Style (文体) Setting （文学背景）
Literary Terms （文学术语）
2.4 理解和运用类文学术语 Suspense (悬念) Tetrameter （四音步诗行） Theme (主题) Pentameter （五音步诗行） Tragedy（悲剧） Tone （语气） University Wits （大学才子）
Literary Terms （文学术语）
2.1 理解和运用类文学术语 Aestheticism (唯美主义) Allegory （寓言，讽喻） Allusion （引喻） Climax (高潮) Comedy（喜剧） Conflict (冲突) Elegy （挽诗） Foot (音步)
Literary Terms （文学术语）
IV: Identification of the Following Passages (20%) （每小题 10分，共20 分） A little black thing among the snow Crying “weep, weep,” in notes of woe! “Where are thy father & mother? say?” “They are both gone up to the church to pray.” Because I was happy upon the heath, And smil'd among the winter’s snow; They clothed me in the clothes of death, And taught me to sing the notes of woe. “And because I am happy and dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God and his Priest and King Who make up a heaven of our misery.”
V. Literary Terms （文学术语）
1. 3 须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解） Alliteration (头韵) Ballad （民谣） Blank Verse（无韵诗） Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) Conceit (巧思妙喻) Dramatic Monologue (戏剧化独白） Point of View （视点，观点）
（每个术语5分，4个中间选做2个）
IV: Identification of the Following Passages (20%) （每小题 10分，共20 分） V: Questions and Answers ( 40%)（本题30 分） Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (You need to write at least 300 words ）
2.2 理解和运用类文学术语 Gothic Novel （哥特式小说） Image（意象） Irony (反讽) Metaphor (隐喻) Meter (格律): Picaresque Novel (流浪汉小说) Pun (双关语) Rhyme (韵律)
Literary Terms （文学术语）