关于英语构词法的论文
英语构词法及其在英语词汇教学中的应用
英语构词法及其在英语词汇教学中的应用一、本文概述英语构词法，作为语言学的重要分支，深入探讨了英语词汇形成与演变的内在规律。
通过对其研究，我们能够更好地理解英语单词的构成方式，从而提高词汇学习效率和应用能力。
本文旨在探讨英语构词法在英语词汇教学中的应用，以期为广大英语教师和学习者提供有益的参考。
本文将介绍英语构词法的基本概念，包括词根、词缀、复合词等基本元素，并阐述它们在构词过程中的作用。
随后，将重点讨论英语构词法在英语词汇教学中的应用，如如何利用构词法帮助学生扩大词汇量、提高词汇应用能力等。
还将探讨英语词汇教学中应注意的问题，如避免过度依赖构词法而忽视实际语境等。
通过本文的阐述，我们期望能够帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英语构词法，从而在英语词汇教学中更有效地应用构词法，提高学生的词汇学习效率和应用能力。
也期望能够引发广大英语教师和学者对英语词汇教学的进一步思考和探索，共同推动英语词汇教学的发展和创新。
二、英语构词法基础英语构词法，作为语言学的重要组成部分，揭示了英语词汇形成的内在规律和机制。
了解并掌握这些基础规则，对于提高英语词汇教学的效果具有至关重要的作用。
词根（Roots）：词根是构成词汇的核心部分，它携带着词汇的基本含义。
例如，“bio-”代表“生命”，“auto-”代表“自我”。
词根具有高度的能产性，通过与其他词素结合，可以生成大量意义相关的词汇。
前缀（Prefixes）：前缀是添加在词根前面的词素，用来改变词根的词义或词性。
例如，“un-”通常表示否定，“re-”表示重复或再次。
前缀的添加可以丰富词汇的语义内涵，增强表达的精确性。
后缀（Suffixes）：后缀是添加在词根后面的词素，同样用于改变词根的词义或词性。
例如，“-ness”通常用来构成名词，“-ly”通常用来构成副词。
后缀的灵活运用，可以扩大词根的使用范围，满足语言交流的多样化需求。
合成词（Compound Words）：合成词是由两个或多个独立的词素结合而成的词汇。
浅析英语构词法
浅析英语构词法摘要：每一种语言都是随其外部社会环境的变化而演变的，这种演变是通过其基本单位——单词的变化来实现的。
新的单词的产生如同单词的构成一样是有一定规律的, 即构词法。
本文旨在分析英语构词法的san 种形式：转化法，合成法及缀合法。
关键词：构词法缩略法逆生法拟声法每一种语言都不是静止的，都是随社会环境的发展而演变的。
语言的演变是通过其词素单词的变化实现的。
而英语中新词的产生就如同单词的构成一样是有一定规律的。
这种单词的构成方法就是英语词汇构成法（word-formation）。
下面要介绍的是缩略法，逆生法，拟声法三种构词法。
一、缩略法1．缩略语的概述缩略词（abbreviation）指的是“把词的音节加以省略或简化而产生的词”。
（汪榕培等，1983）它是现代语言中一种主要的构词手段，是在不改变词语意义的基础上，把原来较长较复杂的词或短语直接或间接地缩减成较短较简单的组合。
用这种方法创造出来的新词或短语就称之为缩略词语。
2．缩略法的原则缩略法的第一原则是其等价性，或一一对应性，或一致性。
即:原文缩略语例如:yard = yd(码)；dormitory = dorm(宿舍)从原文到缩略语和从缩略语到原文是等价的，或一一对应的，一致的，不存在含义上的混淆。
缩略法的第二个原则是最简性，即尽量用最少的符号去代表原文的含义。
例如:Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic InstructionCode = BASIC(一种计算机语言)缩略语取其每个字的首字母构成一个最简单但又能代表其意义的缩略语。
类似的例子还有:例如:SAL T (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈)。
缩略法的第三原则是习惯性，或者说方便记忆，识别和推断。
例如:Xmas 就是用来代表拼写繁复的Christmas造出来，并且已为人们所接受了的一个最有说服力的例子。
以上这些原则是一般对缩略语的要求。
浅谈构词法在初中英语教学中的运用
浅谈构词法在初中英语教学中的运用平凉市第五中学高晓燕摘要：依据新课标的要求，初中学生要掌握一定量词汇。
有些学生化了很大不少功夫来记单词，但收效甚微。
如何进行词汇教学，如何教给学生记住单词的方法，是英语教师值得探讨的问题。
本论文运用构词法的有关知识，结合初中学生的认知特点，探究了运用构词法帮助学生记忆单词，扩大词汇量途径，对学生记忆英语单词有很多的启迪和帮助，效果突出。
关键词：构词法初中英语单词记忆现在初中英语教材词汇量相当大，尽管学生在词汇上下了不少功夫，但是往往费时较多，收效很低，尤其是到了初三复习阶段，时间紧，内容多，如何进行词汇复习，已成为广大师生思考的一个问题。
词汇是语言的基本单位，掌握词汇是学习语言的基础，而词汇的构成是有一定规律可寻的，那么研究构词法就是揭示规律，帮助学生记忆单词和扩大词汇量。
现在结合自己的教学实践，谈一下构词法在初中英语教学中的运用。
一、合作互动，归纳构词法通过构词法学习和掌握英语单词是学好英语的最佳方法之一。
大部分英语单词属于派生词，他们可以分解成词根、前缀和后缀，这样便于记忆，也便于对照、比较，举一反三，触类旁通地将他们一一记牢。
在归纳构词法时，要依据初中教材和新课程标准，把学生应该掌握的知识不断地梳理，总结，归类，把零散的东西串成串，编成网，形成知识体系。
在课堂上要师生要合作互动，教师要注意充分调动和发挥学生的积极性和创造性，引导学生展开联想，还要随时驾驭和控制课堂的制高点，积极诱发学生思维，做到统而不死，放而不乱。
可以这样引导学生运用构词法的知识来复习记忆单词的：T：构词法分为合成词和派生词。
合成词就是把两个词合成一个新词，可以用公式A+B=C来表示。
咱们学过的合成词有哪些呢？S ： classroom, bedroom,……T ：派生词就是在词根的基础上加上前缀和后缀构成的一个新词。
加前缀的词有很多，有些形容词加上前缀“un-”变成它的相反词。
大家想到了哪些词呢？S ： unhappy, unusual….T ：有些形容词加上前缀“im-”或“in-”变成它的反义词。
英语词汇学论文-构词法
Abstract词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。
然而，英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语，同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量，英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”，在所有的英语构词法中，词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛，它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。
除了词缀发以外，复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径V ocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them，affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending.Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation（关键字：英语、词汇学，构词法，词缀法）IntroductionThe expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy.Chapter 1 the function of English word formation1.1 Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary.Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly the focus of our attention. Generally speaking, vocabulary and grammatical rules are keys to learning Englishwell. Among the two aspects, vocabulary apparently plays a more important role.V ocabulary is the foundation of language. If a language learner doesn‟t have enough vocabulary to express his or her opinions and understand other people, even if his or her grammatical rules and pronunciations are excellent, but he can not communicate with others well, he shouldn‟t be a good language learner.Under the influence of traditional teaching mode, teachers often emphasis more on grammatical rules and pronunciations than vocabulary. As a result, students spend a lot of time on remembering new words, but the results are not so efficient. However if we have a knowledge of English word formation, the results will be not that bad. Word formation is really an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary.1.2 Word formation can help us have a better comprehension of an article.When we are reading a new article, we often encounter with some new words that we have never seen before. In this case, most of us will leave out the new word and go on with the following sections. However, this is not a good habit. If we want to improve our English, we have to take every new word seriously either look them up in the dictionary or search for the internet. But don‟t you think that these methods are inefficient? If we know something about English word formation, maybe the article would not be so difficult for us to understand. In this way, we can guess the meaning of the new word according to what we have learned about English word formation. It has been proved that our guess is correct in most cases. So we say word formation can help us have a better comprehension of a new article.1.3 Many new words can be derived based on the rules of word formationRecent years, the use of computers as a medium of communication has given birth to a new language phenomenon-cyber language. A large amount of cyber language has sprung up. Not all the new vocabulary can be recognized by human society. Some new words only emerged in a very short time and then disappeared, however, there are still a lot of words are shared by many people. Finally, these words are recognized by the whole human society. Some are even added to the reversed dictionary. Can we say that these words are unreasonable and irrational? The answer is absolutely “No”.Most of the new words that have been recognized are derived based on certain rules of word formation. For example, the sentence “3QU” is widely used in the chatting room on the internet by foreigners. This is also known as one important characteristics of English word-productivity. So it is necessary for us to learn English word formation.Chapter 2 AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words derived from old or base forms. The words that are created in this way arecalled derivatives. According to the position affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into three subcategories: pre-fixation, in-fixation and suffixation.Pre-fixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases, which do not generally change the word-class of the base. That is to say, prefixes do not change the part of speech of a word. Their chief function is to modify its meaning, although there are exceptions. In my opinion, prefixes can be divided into: negative prefixes, pejorative prefixes, prefixes of degree or size, prefixes of time and order, and so on.Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. Their primary function is to change the grammatical function of the base, such as the change of the word class with a slight modification of meaning, though there are a few exceptions. Suffixes can be divided into noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, adverb suffixes, and verb suffixes. I can give you an example. The word “countless”, “-less”change the part of form and show the negative meaning of the stem.Infixes are not so common and they usually show a kind attitude of the speaker and will not change the part of form and meaning of words.Chapter 3 CompoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases. Words formed in this way are called compounds. So a compound is a …lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word‟ (Quirk).Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open. Compounds have remarkable characteristics which are different from noun phrases. It comes down to three major ones:1) Phonological features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first constituent whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally accented if there is only one stress. In cases where there are two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the second stress, if any, on the second, whereas the opposite is true of free phrase.2) Semantic features. Compounds differ from free phrases semantically. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. The meaning of a free phrase can not be inferred from the two components of itself. Nevertheless, a lot of compound are transparent, that is to say, the meaning can be obtained from the separate elements of compounds. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of the element would result in the loss of the original identity.3) Grammatical features. Two elements of a compound each plays a separate grammatical role, which can be seen in the way the expressions are handled morphological. For example, compound nouns often show their plural forms by taking inflectional –s at the end. Though there are exceptions, their …one-wordness‟identity is apparent.Chapter 4 ConversionIn English learning, students will often confused with words which have two or more part of form. Many of such conditions are caused by conversion. Conversion is the formation of mew words by converting words of one part of speech to those of another part of speech, without changes in morphological structures but in function. Words created in this way are new only in a grammatical sense. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs. It deserves nothing that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the item involved but with it the different range of meaning is originally carried.Chapter 5 BlendingBlending is a very productive process and many coinages are resulting from blending have become well established. Moreover, they can sever as models for new formation. It is not the Combination of two words directly, but to combine parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. This kind of word formation is called blending. This processes including:The first part of the first word +the last part the second word.The whole part of the first part +the last part the second word.The first part of the first word +the first part the second word.The whole part of the second word + the first part of the first word.The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and newspapers and magazines. Though many of them have already achieved currency in English, they are still considered by the serious-minded peopleto be slang and informal. However, it is advisable not to use such words too often, particularly in formal writing.ConclusionLanguage develops with the development of society and vocabulary is sensitive to the changes of society. Some old words are abandoned and some new ones are created. Most of the new words in English are created according to certain rules and conformed to certain methods. These rules and methods are closely related to English word formation. So it is essential, as well as important, for us to learn word formation, especially for the students of English major.参考文献（5条）：外语语言文学系列教程张维友英语词汇学教程2009学术论文魏红构词法是迅速扩大英语词汇量的有效方法2009期刊论文丁琳徐玲English word formation processes 2009期刊论文张莉浅谈英语构词法中的词缀发2008广州大学学报卢春媚浅谈英语构词法2002。
浅谈从构词法的角度分析大学英语词汇教学
浅谈从构词法的角度分析大学英语词汇教学【摘要】本文主要从构词法的角度分析大学英语词汇教学，探讨构词法在英语词汇教学中的应用，以及对词汇记忆、词义理解和词汇扩展的帮助。
通过实际操作，揭示构词法在大学英语词汇教学中的作用和重要性。
研究表明，构词法是提高大学英语词汇教学效果的有效方法，有助于学生更好地掌握和运用英语词汇。
构词法应该成为大学英语词汇教学的重要组成部分，为学生提供更全面、可持续的词汇学习支持。
通过本文的研究和分析，将有助于教师和学生更好地理解和应用构词法，提升英语词汇的学习效果和质量。
【关键词】大学英语词汇教学、构词法、词汇记忆、词义理解、词汇扩展、实际操作、教学效果、英语词汇、学生、组成部分1. 引言1.1 研究背景随着全球化进程的加快和国际交流的不断增加，英语作为国际通用语言的地位日益重要。
大学英语词汇教学作为英语教学的重要组成部分，一直备受关注。
传统的词汇教学方法多以记忆为主，学生往往难以深入理解和灵活运用词汇，导致词汇学习效果不佳。
构词法作为词汇教学的重要方法之一，通过对词素的组合和变化规律进行分析，能够帮助学生更深刻地理解词汇的构成和含义，进而提高词汇记忆和运用的能力。
从构词法的角度分析大学英语词汇教学，探讨如何有效地利用构词法提高词汇学习效果，具有重要的现实意义。
本文旨在通过对构词法在英语词汇教学中的应用、其对词汇记忆和运用的帮助、对词义理解的促进、在词汇扩展和应用方面的作用以及在大学英语词汇教学中的实际操作等方面进行探讨，旨在为提高大学英语词汇教学效果提供新思路和实践路径。
1.2 研究目的研究目的：通过从构词法的角度分析大学英语词汇教学，旨在探讨构词法在英语词汇教学中的重要性和应用价值。
通过研究构词法对词汇记忆、词义理解和词汇扩展的促进作用，旨在找到更有效的词汇教学方法，帮助学生更好地掌握和应用英语词汇。
通过探讨构词法在大学英语词汇教学中的实际操作，旨在为教师提供具体的教学策略和方法，促进词汇教学的有效实施。
用构词法来扩大词汇量.论文doc
用构词法来扩大词汇量摘要：学生阶段的英语考试，都需要掌握一定的词汇量，虽然这不是衡量英语水平的唯一标准，但在英语学习中词汇量也是相当重要的一个衡量指标。
了解词素，词缀，词根以及构词法的一些方法，对增加词汇量有很大帮助，学习这些既有助于扩大词汇，同时也掌握了一些学习英语的技巧。
关键词：构词法词汇词缀一、引言：使用语言来表述情感是人类社会能够和谐发展的基础，而无论哪种语言都是由最简单的词汇汇合而成的，如今英语作为一种历史悠久、语汇丰富、词义纷繁、语法简练、使用灵活且搭配能力极强的语言，已经成为学校的一门必修语言课，魏尔金斯曾经精辟地指出：没有语法不能很好地表达，而没有词汇则什么也不能表达。
可以毫不夸张地说，词汇量是制约外语学习效率的最重要因素。
离开了高效率的词汇学习，语言知识的掌握便无从谈起，交际能力的培养也必将成为无源之水。
笔者认为构词法能有效的、快速的对词汇进行学习。
二、词素的分类词素可以分为自由词素（free morpheme）和粘着语素（bound morpheme），自由词素可以单独形成意思，而粘着语素必须依靠至少一个自由词素或粘着词素才能形成意义。
比如unfaithful，faith是自由词素，un-和ful-是粘着词素。
词素还可以分为词汇词素（lexical morpheme）、语法词素（grammatical morpheme）和派生词素（derivational morpheme）。
比如black、bird和blackbird 都是词汇词素，而books、worked、studying都是语法词素，unhappy、faithful 等属于派生词素。
三、词根（root）、前缀（prefix）、后缀（suffix）扩大词汇（1）词根词根是一个单词的基础，用来表达最本质的意思。
同样词根也可以分为自由词根（free root）和粘着词根（bound root）。
比如：teacher中的teach、worker中的work是自由词素，antiquity中的antiq（表古老），accelerate中的celer（表示快，迅速）是词根词素。
浅析英语新闻中的构词法对语言教与学的启发
浅析英语新闻中的构词法对语言教与学的启发【摘要】构词法是词汇学中的一个重要概念，指的是通过词根、前缀、后缀等形态变化来创造新词。
在英语新闻中，构词法被广泛运用，丰富了新闻报道的表达方式。
构词法不仅可以启发语言教学，帮助学生更好地理解词汇结构，还可以促进语言学习，提高学生的词汇积累能力和创造新词的能力。
通过实践中的应用，可以更好地理解构词法在语言中的作用。
构词法的重要性在于它不仅可以拓展词汇量，还可以提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性。
构词法对语言教与学都有重要的启示作用。
通过深入研究构词法，可以更好地理解和应用语言，提高语言表达能力。
【关键词】英语新闻、构词法、语言教学、语言学习、应用、教与学、启示、重要性、背景介绍、定义、运用、实践1. 引言1.1 背景介绍构词法是语言学中一个重要的概念，它指的是通过组合单词的词根、前缀、后缀等单词构成成分，来创造新词或短语的规则和原理。
在英语中，构词法在新闻报道中起着至关重要的作用，因为它可以帮助记者更准确、更生动地表达新闻内容，增加新闻的吸引力和可读性。
在本文中，我们将从构词法的定义、构词法在英语新闻中的运用、构词法对语言教学的启示、构词法对语言学习的启示以及构词法在实践中的应用等方面展开讨论，希望能够给读者带来一些新的启发和思考。
构词法的重要性不言而喻，它对提高语言能力和理解能力都具有重要影响，我们希望通过本文的探讨，能够让读者更深入地了解和运用构词法，从而提高他们的英语水平。
2. 正文2.1 构词法的定义构词法是语言学中的一个重要概念，指的是通过不同的词素组合而形成新词的规则和原则。
在英语中，构词法包括前缀、后缀、词根等多种形式。
通过对构词法的学习，可以帮助学习者更好地理解词汇的构造和意义。
构词法的定义涵盖了词汇的形成和演变过程，是语言学习中不可或缺的一部分。
通过对构词法的研究，可以深入理解词汇之间的关系，拓展词汇的运用范围。
构词法的应用不仅可以帮助提高语言表达能力，还可以帮助理解和记忆新的词汇。
浅议英语构词法
１ 词 根
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：
ｎ ｎ ｎｎ ｉ ｅｔ （ 暴 力 的 ） ｎｎ０ｐ ｒ ｉ （ 合 作 ） ｏ 一： ｏｖ １ ｏｎ 非 、 ｃｏｅａｏ ０ ｔｎ 不 、 词根是英语单词最基本 的部分 ， 也是词缀法的最基本成分 。在学 ｎ ｎｄｕｔｂｅ 不可调整 的） ｏ ａｊｓａｌ（ 习词缀法之 前 ． 我们需要具体分析一 下词根 ． 这样有利 于我们更好地 由于信息科学 和电子技术突 飞猛进 使得英语语言 的发 展融合新 学习理解和运用词 缀法 。 词根是词 的基本式 ， 它承载着词 的核心意义。 新义 ， 具有 时代气息 ， 例如 ｅ ｂ ｏ （ — ｏｋ 电子书籍 ）ｅ ｃｒ （ ，— ａ 电子贺卡 ） ｄ ， 般来说 一个 单词的基本意义可 以通过词根来 了解 ． 结合 词缀的意 词 、 —ｉ （ ｎ 等 义就能得 出该单词完整的意义 。 那什么叫词根呢 ？ 在英语词汇学上是 ｅ ｚ ｅ 电子杂志） 这 样 定 义 的 ： ｈ ｏｔ ｓｔｅｂｓｃｕ ｃ ａｇａ ｌ ｐｒ ｏ ｏｄｗ ｉｈ ２２ 后缀法 Ｔ ｅｒｏ ｈ ａｉ ｎ ｈｎ ｅｂｅ ａｔ ｆａｗ ｒ ｈｃ ． ｉ 后缀是加在一个单词 或者词根后面的词素 ． 通过后缀而构成 的新 ｃｎ ｅｓ ｈ ｎ ａ ｅｔ ｘ ａ ｍ ａｉ ｆｈ ｏ ． 值得 我们 注意 ｏｖｙ ｔ ｆ ｄｍ ｎ ｌ ｉ ｌ ｃｎｎ ０ ｌ ｗ ｒ 但 ｅｕ ｌ ａ ｅ ｃ ｇ ｅ ｄ 它不改变或很少改变词义 ． 它更多 的是改变 原词根 的 的是 ． 单词大部分都是多义词 ． 以词根通常都 不只有一种意思 。 所 我们 词与前缀不 同． 值得注意的是 ， 后缀有着前缀所没有的极为重要 的语法作用 ， 它 在学 习英语词汇中的词根 时． 要注意词根的多义性 。下面我们将举例 词性 。 往往能改变单词的词性 ． 它可 以帮助构成一个新词的语法词 下面我 说 明： 们就从词性转换方面简要地讨论一下 ： ａｔ （ ｕ 一 自己 ， 动 ）ｕ ｂ ｇ ｐ ｙ 自传） ａｔ ｏ ｉ （ ｏ 自 ａｔ ｉ ｒ ｈ （ ｏｏ ａ 、 ｏ ｂ ｅ 汽车） ｕｍ ｌ ； 能将动词转化为形容词 的后缀 ： 例如 一ｂｅ ａｌ本身就具有 ａｌｔｄ ｂ ｅｏ ０ ｂ ｃ一 反 的， ａｋ （ 向后的 ）ｂ ｃｓ ｏｅ 仰泳 ）ｂ ｃｗ ｔｒ死水 ） 、ａｋｔ ｋ（ ｒ 、ａｋ ａｅ（ ； 的意义 ， 加在动词 ｓｌ 之后就形成了形容词 ｓ ｖｂ （ ｏｅ ｖ ｏ ａｌ 可以解决的１ ｌ ｅ ： 后 ｃｎｉ（ ｅｔ 百分之一 ， ）ｃｎｉ ｅｅ（ ～ 厘 、ｅｔ ｔｒ厘米）ｃ ｎｉｅｅ 蜈蚣） ｍ 、ｅｔ ｄ （ ｐ ； 缀一ｒ ｃ 可以既可以使 动词 ｆ ｎ （ ｏ ｄ 创建 ） ｕ 变为名 词 ｆ ｎ ｅ（ 始人 ）也 ｏ ｄｒ创 ｕ ， ｄｃ （ ｅｉ 十分 之一 ）ｄｃ ｅ ｒ分米）ｄ ｃ ｅ 决定） 一 、ｅｉ ｔ （ ｍ ｅ 、ｅｉ （ ｄ ； ｉａ （ ｌｇ 变为名词 ｖ１ ｅ（ 民）能将名词转化为形 ｉａ ｒ村 ｌｇ ； ｅｕ （ 等 ， ｑｉ 相 一 同等 ） ｅｕ ａ ｒ （ 多边 形 ）ｅ ｕ ｏａ（ 棱两 可 可 以使名词 ｖｌ ｅ村庄 ） 、 ｉｔａ 正 ｑ ｌｅ ｌ 、ｑ ｉ ｃ 模 ｖ ｌ 容词 的后缀 ： 如名词 ｃ Ｃ （ 例 ｌ ｋ 时钟 ） Ｏ 加上后 缀 一 ｉ 使 其变为形容词 ｗｓ ｅ 的： 可疑 的） ｃ ｃ ｗｓ（ ， ｌ ｋ ｉ ／ 时针方 向的） ｏ ｅｌ ￣ ｌ 。下面为大家介绍一些其他的后缀 ： ２ 词 缀 法 的分 类 ａｙ ｐ ｖｃ （ ｃ： ｒ ａ 隐私 ）ａｅｕ ｃ （ ｉ ｙ 、 ｑａｙ 足够） ｓｐ ｍ ｃ（ ｄ 、 ｒ ａｙ 霸权 ） ｕ ｅ ； ｅｓａｔ ｓ 女演员 ）ｇｄ ｅｓ女神 ）ｐ ｅ ｓ（ ｓ ｃ ｅｓ ： ｒ （ 、 ｄｓ ｏ （ 、ｏｔ ｓ女诗人） ｅ ； ２１ 前 缀 法 ． ｏ： ａ ｒ英勇 ）ｈｎ ｒ荣耀 ）ｈ ｍＯ（ ｒｖｌ （ ｏ 、ｏｏ（ 、ｕ ｔ幽默） ｍｎ ｒ未成年人 ） 、 ｉｏ（ ； 英语 中的前缀大多数有一定 的实义 前缀是加在一个单词或者词 ｕｅ ｅｐｓｒ（ ｒ：ｘ ｏｕｅ暴露 ）ｃｎｅｔｒ（ 、ｏｊｃ ｅ 推测 ）ｍｅｓｒ（ Ｊ ： ｕ 、 ａｕｅ ￣ 量） 根前 面的词素 ． 改变 原来单 词或词根 的意思 ． 帮助构成 同一 词性 的新 ｓ ｒｍｏｓ ｒ匪徒 ）ｍｏｓ ｒ怪物 ） ｔ ： ｂｔ （ ｅ ｅ 、 ｎｔ （ ｅ ： 词。 用前缀来构成的新词对词根的词汇意义 ． 补充或增加 的含义 ． 都有
谈谈初中英语词汇学习中的构词法
谈谈初中英语词汇教学中的构词法词汇是组成语言的基本单位，在英语学习中占有重要地位。
词汇掌握得越多，对听、说、读、写能力有可能提高。
但对很多同学来说背单词无疑是件很痛苦的事了，早上背的单词，到下午就忘了；即便当天记住了，可是第二天又忘完了……为什么背了那么多，头脑还是空白一片。
如何有效地击破词汇这一难关？成为学好英语的第一个门槛。
那么该如何记英语单词，增加词汇量呢？记英语词汇有什么诀窍吗？英语词汇不能死记硬背，要讲究方法。
今天，我们先来总结英语的构词法，因为它可以使我们能够轻松容易地认识更多单词，以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量。
让我们先从英语的词汇发展入手。
就陆国强编著的《现代英语词汇学》一书提出，英语的全部词汇估计有一百多万个，由本族词( native words)和外来词( borrowed words)组成。
本族词是英语中的基本(核心)词汇。
这些基本词汇表示全民族活动共同的和基本的概念和情境，它们是语言中使用得最多、生活中最必需的、意义最明确、生命力最强的基本词的总和。
初中入门教学中经常出现的词汇。
例如有关季节的词：spring，summer，autumn，winter；有关亲属关系的词：father，mother，son，daughter；有关动作动词的词：go，come，run，work。
除了上述词汇以外，基本词汇还包括常用的助动词、介词、连接词、代词和数词等。
基本词汇在语言中所占的比率不大，但在日常交际中的使用频率却相当高。
另一方面，英语在整个发展过程中吸收了大量的外来词。
如school,，street，cup，sickle，wine，mountain等原为拉丁词，后改变其形式，在英语中保存下来。
在丹麦入侵时期，英语从丹麦语引进了不少日常用语，如cake，call，egg，husband等。
诺曼人征服英国后，不少法语词涌入英语，如government，country，county等。
到近代文艺复兴时期，由于人文主义新文化运动，使英国人接触了欧洲大陆各国的语言，包括希腊语、拉丁语、意大利语、法语西班牙语等词汇。
谈英语构词法
被用作 副词 ， 包 括ｃ ｌ ｅ ａ ｎ ， ｗ ｒ ｏ ｎ ｇ ， ｉ ｆ ｇ ｈ ｔ ， ｉ ｆ ｎ ｅ 。
２ ． 词 类不同． 词 型 或 读 音 也 有 变 化 的 词
一
（ １ ） 元音字母不同 ， 如ｂ ｉ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｎ ． （ 出生 ） ， ｂ ｅ ａ ｒ ｖ ． （ 生） ；
（ ２ ） 词尾不 同， 如ａ ｄ ｖ ｉ ｃ ｅ ｎ ． （ 劝告 ） ， ａ ｄ ｖ ｉ ｓ ｅ ｖ ． （ 劝
告） ； ｂ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｅ ｆ ｎ ． （ 信念 ） ， ｂ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｖ ． （ 相信 ） 。
三、 派 生 法
在 一 个 词 的前 面 或 后 面 加 上 前缀 或后 缀 ，从 而 构 成一个新词 的方法 叫作派生法。英语 的前缀 和后 缀很多 ， 主 要 可 分 为 以下 两种 ：
ｆ ｎ ｏ ｄ ｎ ． （ 食 品） ， ｆ ｅ ｅ ｄ ｖ ． （ 喂养 ） 。
一
、
合 成 法
合成法即把两个或两个以上的词按 照一定 的次 序 排 列组 成一 个 复合 词 。如 ｂ ａ ｓ ｋ ｅ ｔ ｂ ａ ｌ ｌ 、ｌ ｉ ｌ ｏ ｎ ｇ 、 ｆ ａ ｃ ｅ — ｔ ｏ — ｆ ａ ｃ ｅ 、 ｂ ｌ ａ ｃ ｋ ｂ ｏ ａ ｒ ｄ 。在英语 发展 的过 程中 ， 合 成法在构词方面起到很大作用 ，为英语 补充 了大量 词汇。合成词的含义 多数 可从字 面看 出 ，如 以上各 例 ，但 其特定含义则不受 词中各个 成分 连接方式 的
考试指导
谈 英 语 构 词 法
一 胡 文 涓
对于英语 学习者来说 ， 在英语学习 的过程 中， 记 忆单词一直是阻碍许 多英语学 者学 习英语 的因素之 掌握词 汇是学好外语 的基础和前提 。 词 汇学 习既 是 一个 客 观 的记 忆 过 程 ， 也 是 一 个 主 观 的认 知 过 程 ， 如何快速地学习和掌握英语词 汇呢？在记忆单词 的 过程中 ， 在具备 了相 当的词汇量之后 ， 我们会发现英 语 的构词有许多有趣 的规 律。这就是英语构词法 。 般认 为 ， 英语构词法基本上可 以分为三种 ， 即 合成法 、 转化法和派生法 。
浅谈英语基本构词法. 1
浅谈英语基本构词法黄胡宁【摘要】学习英语的人不难发现, 要记住大量形式复杂的英语词汇需要绞尽脑汁, 但是花费很多时间记忆的单词可能转眼就忘了。
其实, 记忆单词需要方法, 掌握规律才能更快地记住各种英语词汇,而这种规律就是以下介绍的英语构词法, 熟练掌握各种词法有助于学生更好地掌握词汇。
新词的构成有很多种方式, 最主要的有 3种: 复合词、派生词和转换词。
本文是简单介绍下着三种构词法，希望对英语学习者有所帮助。
【关键词】英语词汇；派生法；合成法；转化法一、派生法派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法（derivation）。
用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（derivative）。
派生词是由一个词根词素与一个或两个以上的派生词素组成的。
英语词汇 , 除了为数不多的基础词汇外 , 大部分都是由拉丁语和希腊语词根借助前缀和后缀派生的。
派生词数量庞大 , 占总词汇量的80 %以上。
这里我们可以引进情景记忆法 , 营造一个派生环境: 由一个基本词加上不同的前缀和后缀 , 可以派生出许多意思相反或相同 , 但词性不同的新单词 , 如果把这些单词放在一起来记忆 ,那么我们就营造了一种派生环境 , 有了它 , 我们便可以通过不断变换单词本身的结构 , 对单词实行有一定新意的重复记忆。
由于结构的不断变化避免了机械重复给大脑带来的厌倦感和排斥感 , 因此加深了单词在大脑里的印象 , 并缓解了大脑的疲倦程度 , 提高了记忆单词的质量和速度。
派生词的结构型式很多 , 现以词根pos为例说明几种常见的构词类型：1、词根 pose pos放 , 置姿势2 、词根 +简单后缀 position pos放 , 置 , - ition (名次后缀) → position位置位置3 、简单前缀 +词根 compose com - = together一起 , pos 放→放在一起组成 , 构成4 、简单前缀 +词根 +简单后缀 composition compose构成 , - ition (名次后缀) →构成品作品 , 作文5 、双重前缀 +词根 decompose de - = apart 分离 , compose构成→使构成分离分解6、双重前缀 +词根 +简单后缀 decomposable decompose分解 , - able可…的 (形容词后缀) 可分解的7 、多重前缀 +词根 +简单后缀 indecomposable in - = not 不 , decomposable可分解的→不可分解的不可分解的8 、多重前缀 +词根 +双重后缀 indecomposibility - able →变形为 - ibil + - ity (名词后缀) 不可分解性9 、修饰词 + 词根 chemically - composed chemically化学 , composed构成的→合成的化学合成的10 、其他词+词根+其他词 be composed of be composed of 为词组动词由……构成词汇的派生繁衍 , 和世上万物一样 , 也存在着一个由简到繁的过程。
浅析英语三种主要的构词法
词汇学论文题目：浅析英语三种主要的构词法谈现代词汇的发展学院：外国语学院专业：英语专业学生姓名：龚玉婷学号：201220210104年级：2012级专升本一班浅析英语三种主要的构词法【摘要】英语作为一种国际化的语言，正在被越来越多的国家所使用。
而作为国际公认的交际语言，英语教学也成为各国教学的重点之重。
其中词汇的掌握又是学习英语的关键点。
因此，掌握一种好的学习词汇的方法，成为至关重要的一点。
各国对词的构成方法已做过很多研究，其中主要是词的派生法、转换法以及合成法。
但是任存在一些不足之处。
本文根据文献分析和实际调查的方法，对此三种主要构词法做了更深一步的研究。
首先，本文介绍了三种构词法的概念。
其次，根据各种文献本文介绍了三种方法的主要区别与应用。
最后，本文根据实例介绍了掌握这三种主要构词方法对学习的促进的促进作用。
本文旨在根据研究英语的三种主要构词法，加深同学对英语词汇的理解，使学习者能够更好地学习。
【关键词】派生法；转换法；合成法英语研究者也象中国学者把汉字分成象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借等六书一样，把英语单词的来源大致上分为五种：1）基本词(base)2）合成词(combining words)3）缩略词(shortening words)4）拼缀词(blending words)5）转类词(shifting words)其中的基本词是那些在今天看来已经不可再分的词。
这些词虽然在英语词汇中占少数，但是出现频率较高，是非专门记忆不可的。
但是对于另外四类词来说，我们则可以借助构词法的一般知识，在阅读中撇掉字典，猜测它们的含义。
首先我们说一下缩略词。
缩略词可以分为两种：一种是对原来完整的词进行加工，缩略其中一部分字母，构成新词，这种词叫缩短词（clipped word）。
例如phone = telephone, chute = parachute。
另外一种缩略词是首字母缩略词(acronyms)，也就是将词组中的起首字母联成一个词，例如：NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization ,radar = radio detecting and ranging。
词汇学论文浅谈英语构词法英文版
词汇学论⽂浅谈英语构词法英⽂版On Word Formation★PrefaceLearn a language; you must learn pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary. Among the three factors, vocabulary has a very important role in your language-studying. A famous scholar Wilkins said”without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.” He emphasized that in most cases, the vocabulary is more important than grammar. Another famous lexicologist McCarthy said, when a student learn the second language, no matter how well the student learns grammar, no matter how successfully he masters the seconds of a L2， without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language cannot happen in any manful way.From these two examples and of course include many other cases that are not mentioned here now, we can conclude that if you don’t care vocabulary at all, it is impossible to learn a language in some way. What’s more, you cannot express your real feeling no matter you are happy, sad, fortune, or you are unlucky, because you don’t know what words you can say or you can write.Today, I will tell you what I had learned in this class. What I will teach you is “word formation”, why do I choose this topic to talk? Because in my opinion, if you know the word formation very well, you can remember and use the new words easily. Absolutely, it’s very helpful for your language studying.D on’t you think so?★SummaryEnglish vocabulary has several of Word-formation methods. But the three greatest word formation powers are affixation, compounding, and conversion. The other six kinds of word-formation methods include blending, clipping, acronymy, back-formation, sound reduplication, and communization of proper names.★KeywordsMorphemes, classifying, word-formation★ContextBefore talking about word formation, maybe we should know the morphological structure of English words first. So what we will discuss next is morphological structure of English words. It includes morphemes, morphs and allomorphs, classifying morphemes, identifying morphemes, morphemes and word-formation.☆morphemesTraditionally, words are usually treated as the basic and minimal units of a language to make sentence, which are combinations of words according to syntactic rules. Structurally, however, a word is not the smallest unit becausemany words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units. These minimal meaningful units are known as morphemes. In view of word-formation, the morpheme is seen as ‘the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words’. Syntactically, however, a morpheme is the minimal form of grammatical analysis.Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. They are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning.Morphemes vary in function. Accordingly, we can classify morphemes into several general categories:①Free versus Bound Morphemes ---- morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function.② Derivational versus Inflectional Morphemes ---- morphemes which are used to derive new words are known as derivational morphemes because when these morphemes are conjoined, new words are derived.③ Content versus Grammatical Morphemes ---- On a semantic and syntactic basis, morphemes can fall into content and grammatical morphemes. Content morphemes are lexical morphemes which are used as we see above to derive new words, so also known as derivational morphemes.☆Morphemes and Word-formationWe know that words can be analyzed into morphemes, which are the minimal meaningful units in the composition of words. In word-formation formation, however, morphemes are conventionally labeled root, stem, base and affix.Affixes are forms that are attached to words or elements to modify meaning or function. Affixes are bound morphemes because none of them can stand as words in their own right. According to the functions of affixes, we can divide them into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes. Derivational and inflectional affixes are identical with derivational and inflectional morphemes. In view of their distribution in the formation of word, affixes can fall into prefix and suffix.Before we begin our actual discussion of word-building processes, there are some basic concepts that need clarifying:1.Root: a root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzedwithout total loss of identity.2.Stem: a stem may consist of a single root morpheme or of two root morphemes.It can be a root morpheme plus one or more affixational morphemes.3.Base: a base is referred to a form to which affixes of any kind can beadded. It can be a root or a stem.☆ Word FormationThe expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion.⑴AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to base. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words are derived from old or base forms. The words created in this way are called derivatives. According to the positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and suffixation.Prefixation includes:Negative Prefixes (a-, dis- ,in-, non-, un-… )Reversative or Privative Prefixes (de-, dis-, un,… )Pejorative Prefixes (mal-, mis-, pseudo- … )Prefixes of Degree or Size (arch-, co-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-,mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra-,under- … )Prefixes of Orientation and Attitude (anti-, contra-, counter-,pro-… )Locative Prefixes ( fore-, inter-, intra-, super-, tele-, trans-… ) Prefixes of Time and Order ( ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re- … ) Number Prefixes ( bi-, multi-, semi-,tri-,uni- … )Conversion Prefixes ( a-, be-, en- … )Miscellaneous Prefixes ( auto- , neo-, pan-, proto-, vice- … ) Suffixation includes:Noun suffixes (denominal nouns, deverbal nouns, de-adjective nouns, non and adjective suffixes)Adjective suffixes (denominal suffixes, deverbal suffixes )Adverb suffixes (Omit example)Verb suffixes (Omit example)⑵CompoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases. Wordsworth formed in this way are called compounds. Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open.1.Characteristics of compoundsCompounds have noticeable characteristics which may in most cases differentiate themselves from noun phrases in the following four aspects: Phonological features, semantic features, grammatical, orthographical features.2.Formation of compoundsCompounding can take place within any of the word class, but the productive ones are nouns and adjectives followed by verbs to a much lesser extent. Noun compounds, adjective compounds, verb compounds.⑶ ConversionConversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Conversion is generally considered to be a derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Hence the name zero-derivation. Words produced byconversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.Conversion to nouns (deverbal, de-adjectival, miscellaneous conversion ) Conversion to verbs (denominal, de-adjectival, miscellaneous conversion ) conversion to adjectives (voiceless to voiced consonant, initial to end stress)the other six means of word-formation includes:Blending, Clipping, Acronymy, Back-formation, Sound reduplication, Communization of proper names.Because the words limit, the six word-formation methods is not detailed introduced here. If you are interested in them, please refer to the lexicology. Annotation: 《英语词汇学教程》张伟友著，《词汇学学习指南》杨春慧著。
由构词法组成的英语作文
由构词法组成的英语作文标题，The Power of Morphology: Exploring the Dynamics of Word Formation in English。
Introduction:Language, as a dynamic system of communication, constantly evolves to meet the needs of its speakers. One of the fascinating aspects of English is its intricate system of word formation, known as morphology. By examining the various morphological processes, we can unravel the complexities of the English language and appreciate its richness and flexibility. In this essay, we delve into the world of morphology, exploring its significance and impact on English communication.Prefixes:Prefixes are morphemes added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning. They can change the word's sense,tense, or even part of speech. For example, the prefix "un-" transforms "happy" into "unhappy," conveying the opposite meaning. Similarly, "re-" in "redo" indicates repetition or reversal of an action. Prefixes enrich the vocabulary of English, allowing speakers to express nuanced meanings and ideas.Suffixes:Suffixes, on the other hand, are affixes added to the end of a word to modify its meaning or function. They can indicate plurality, tense, or even change a word's grammatical category. For instance, the suffix "-able" in "comfortable" denotes the ability to be comforted. Suffixes like "-er" and "-est" are used to form comparative and superlative adjectives, as in "bigger" and "biggest." Suffixes play a crucial role in expanding the lexicon of English and facilitating effective communication.Roots:Roots are the core morphemes of words, carrying theircentral meaning. Many English words originate from Latin, Greek, or other languages, and understanding their roots provides insight into their definitions and derivations. For example, the Latin root "bene-" means "good" or "well," as seen in words like "benefit" and "benevolent." Knowledge of roots enables speakers to decipher unfamiliar words and infer their meanings based on familiar components.Compounding:Compounding involves combining two or more words to create a new word with a distinct meaning. English is particularly rich in compound words, ranging from everyday terms like "blackboard" and "bookshelf" to complexscientific terms like "photosynthesis" and "biochemistry." Compounding allows for lexical innovation and adaptation, reflecting the evolving nature of language in response to societal changes and technological advancements.Conversion:Conversion, also known as zero derivation, entailschanging the grammatical category of a word withoutaltering its form. This process is common in English, where nouns become verbs, adjectives become nouns, and so on. For example, "email" can function as both a noun and a verb, as in "I received an email" and "I will email you." Conversion enhances the economy of language by repurposing existing words for new grammatical roles, streamlining communication.Blendings:Blendings, or portmanteau words, are created by combining parts of two words to form a single word with a fused meaning. This phenomenon is prevalent in colloquial language and popular culture, producing terms like "brunch" (breakfast + lunch), "smog" (smoke + fog), and "infomercial" (information + commercial). Blendings capture the essence of contemporary society, reflecting the interconnectedness of ideas and the rapid pace of communication in the digital age.Conclusion:In conclusion, the study of morphology illuminates the intricate workings of the English language, showcasing its adaptability and creativity. From prefixes and suffixes to compounding and conversion, each morphological process contributes to the richness and diversity of English vocabulary. By mastering these linguistic mechanisms, speakers can navigate the complexities of language with ease, fostering effective communication and expression. Thus, the power of morphology transcends mere word formation, shaping the very essence of English as a vibrant and evolving means of communication.。
浅析英语新闻中的构词法对语言教与学的启发
浅析英语新闻中的构词法对语言教与学的启发【摘要】构词法在语言教与学中扮演着重要的角色。
本文从英语新闻中的构词法运用、对词汇记忆和扩展的帮助、对语法学习的促进作用、写作中的应用以及对听力和口语能力的提升等方面进行了浅析。
通过对构词法的研究和应用，可以启发学生更好地理解和运用英语，提高他们的语言能力。
构词法不仅可以帮助学生更快地记忆和理解单词，还能促进他们在语法学习和写作中的表达能力。
构词法还对听力和口语能力的提升有积极的影响。
构词法对语言教与学具有重要的启发作用，可以帮助学生更轻松地掌握英语，提高他们的语言水平。
【关键词】构词法、英语新闻、语言教与学、词汇记忆、扩展、语法学习、写作、听力、口语、启发1. 引言1.1 构词法在语言教与学中的重要性构词法在语言教与学中扮演着至关重要的角色。
构词法是语言学习中的基础，它可以帮助学生更好地理解词汇的构成和用法。
通过学习构词法，学生可以更快地积累和记忆词汇，扩大自己的词汇量。
构词法还可以帮助学生更好地理解语法规则，提高他们的写作、听力和口语能力。
构词法在语言教与学中的重要性不可忽视。
构词法可以激发学生学习英语的兴趣，使他们在学习中更有动力。
通过构词法的学习，学生可以更清晰地感受到语言的逻辑和规律，从而更好地掌握英语的基本知识。
构词法还可以帮助学生更好地理解英语新闻和文章，提高他们的阅读理解能力。
构词法在语言教与学中的重要性不仅体现在提高学生的语言水平上，更体现在培养学生对英语学习的兴趣和自信心上。
通过深入学习构词法，学生可以更好地掌握英语这门语言，为自己的未来发展打下坚实的基础。
2. 正文2.1 构词法在英语新闻中的运用构词法在英语新闻中扮演着非常重要的角色，它帮助记者和编辑们创造新的词汇和短语，从而更好地表达新闻内容。
通过构词法，英语新闻可以更加精练和生动地传达信息，吸引读者的注意。
构词法在英语新闻中常常用来创造新的合成词和复合词，以便更准确地描述事件或现象。
构词法论文、
Introduction:This course introduces students to one of the core areas of linguistic study ——lexicology. Most of the English words are created according to a certain rule and conformed to certain methods. These rules and methods are closely related to English word formation. Word formation studies the internal structure of the word , that is to say,words can be divided into the smallest linguistic unit- morpheme.It lays stress on the property ,phonetic,semantic of the morphemes and how to combine them into new words .So it is essential ,as well as important ,for us to learn word formation, especially for the students of English major. We all think that vocabulary is one of the obstacles of English study . However, English word formation can help us recognize English words , understand them correctly , and can enlarge our vocabulary quickly . It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them , affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary. Besides, compounding , conversion, blending , clipping , acronyms ,back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English .Key words :Function Morpheme Affixation Compounding Conversion Blending ClippingsI, Function of Word Formation:I ) help us have a better comprehension of an articleWhen we are reading a new article , we often encounter with some new words that we have never seen before . In this case , most of us will leave out the new words and go on with the following sections .However , this is not a good habit. If we want to improve our English ,We have to take every new word seriously either look them up in the dictionary or search for the internet .But don’t you think that these methods are efficient .If we know something about English word formation, maybe the article would not be so difficult for us to understand .In this way ,we can guess the meaning of the new word according to what we have learned about English word formation .It has been proved that our guess is correct in most cases . So we say word formation can help ushave a better comprehension of a new article.II) an effective way to enlarge our English vocabularyNowadays , more and more people have taken notice of learning English .The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed . How can we imprive our English effectively is undoubtedly the focus of our attention . Generally speaking , vocabulary and grammatical rules are keys to learning English well. Among the two aspects ,vocabulary apparently plays a more important role.V ocabulary is the foundation of language .If a language learner doesn’t have enough vocabulary to express his or her opinions and understand other people ,even if his or her grammatical rules and pronunciations are excellent ,but he can not communicate with others well ,he shouldn’t be a good language learner .Under the influence of traditional teaching mode ,teachers often emphasis more on grammatical rules and pronunciations than vocabulary .As a result students spend a lot of time on remembering new words ,bur the results are not so efficient .However, if we have a knowledge of English word formation ,the result will be not that badIII) derivation of many new wordsRecent years ,the use of computers as a medium of communication has given birth to a new language phenonmenon-cyber language. A large amount of cyber language has sprung up .Not all the new vocabulary can be recognized by human society . Some new words only emerged in a very short time and then disappeared , however, there are still a lot of words are shared by many people .Finally ,these words are recognized by the whole human society. Some are even added to the reversed dictionary .Can we say that these words are unreasonable and irritational? The answer is absolutely ‘No’.Most of the new words that have been recognized are derived based on certain rules of word formation.II Morphemes of Word FormationWe know that words can be analyzed into morphemes, which are the minimalmeaningful units in the composition of words .In word formation ,however, morphemes are conventionally labeled root ,stem ,base and affix.Basic concepts that needed clarifyingRoot: the basic form of a word which can not be further analyzed without total loss of identity.Stem :a stem may consist of a single root morpheme or of two root morphemes . It can be a root morpheme plus one or more affixational morphemes.Base: a base is referred to a form to which affixes of any kind can be added .It can be a root or a stem.III AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to base. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words are derived from old or base forms . the words created in this way are called derivatives . According to the positions affixes occupy in words , affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and suffixationI) ,Pre-fixationPre-fixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases , which do not generally change the word-class of the base .That is to say prefixes do not change the part of speech of a word . Their chief function is to modify its meaning ,although there are exceptions .In my opinion , pre-fixation can be divided into : negative prefixes ,pejorative prefixes ,prefixes of degree or size ,and so on.For example:Negative prefixes (a- dis- in- non- un- )Reversative or Privative prefixes (de- dis- un- )Prefixes of degree or size (arch- co- extra- hyper- macro- micro- mini- out- over- sub- super- sur- ultra- under- )Prefixes of orientation and attitude (anti- contra- counter- pro- )Locative prefixes (fore- inter- intra- super- tele- trans- )Prefixes of time and order (ex- fore- post- pre- re- )Number prefixes (bi- multi- semi- tri- uni- )Conversion prefixes (a- be- en- )Miscellaneous prefixes (auto- neo- pan- proto- vice- )II) SuffixationSuffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases . Their primary function is to change the grammatical function of the base ., such as the changes of the word class with a slight modification of meaning ,though there are a few exceptions .Suffixes can be divided into noun suffixes ,adjective suffixes , adverb suffixes ,and verb suffixes .I can give you an example ,the word ‘countless’,‘-les’change the part of form and show the negative meaning of the stem.For example :Noun suffixes (denominal suffixes, deverbal suffixes, de-adjective suffixes non and adjective suffixes )Adjective suffixes (denominal suffixes , deverbal suffixes )IV CompoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases .Words formed in this way are called compounds .So a compound is a ‘lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word ’. Compounds can be written solid , hyphenated and open .Compounds have remarkable characteristics which are different from noun phrases. It comes down to three major ones :I,) Phonological features :In compounds , the word stress usually occurs on the first constitutuent whereas innoun phrases the second element is generally accented if there is only one stress. In cases where there are two stresses , the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the second stress , if any , on the second where as the opposite is true of free phrase. II) Semantic features :Compounds differ from free phrases semantically. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word .The meaning of a free phrase can not be inferred from the two components of itself. Nevertheless, a lot of compounds are transparent ,that is to say, the meaning can be obtained from the separate elements of compounds .But the two elements are inseperatable and the change of element would result in the loss of the original identity.III ) Grammatical features :Two elements of a compound each plays a separate grammatical role. , which can be seen in the way the expressions are handled morphological. For example , compound nouns often show their plural forms by taking inflectionals at the end .though there are exceptions , their ‘one- wordness’identity is apparent.V, ConversionConversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class . With the concise and vivid feature ,conversion is one of the most important way to create new words in English. Conversion is generally considered to be a derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Hence the name zero-derivation. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.In English learning , students will often confused with words which have two or more parts of form. Many of such conditions are caused by conversion. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one part of speech to those of another part of speech ,without changes in morphological structures. But in function, words created in this way are new only in a grammatical sense. The most productive ,however,is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs .It deserves nothing that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the item involved but with it the different range of meaning is originally carried.Conversion to nouns (deverbal , de-adjectival , miscellaneous conversion)Conversion to verbs ( denominal , de-adjectival , miscellaneous conversion ) Conversion to adjectives ( voiceless to voiced consonant , initial to end stress)VI, Blending:Blending is a very productive process and many coinages are resulting from blending have become well established .Moreover, they can serve as models for new formation. It is not the combination of two words directly , but to combine parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. This kind of word formation is called blending.The process including:The first part of the first word + the last part of the second wordThe whole part of the first word + the last part of the second wordThe first part of the first word + the first part of the second wordThe whole part of the second word + the first part of the first wordThe overwhelming majority of blends are nouns very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and newspapers and magazines. Though many of them have already achieved currency in English, they are still considered by the serious-minded people to be slang and informal .However, it is advisable not to use such words too often, particularly in formal writing .VII, ClippingsSpeakers of English have a great tendency to shorten words. This term refers to the process by which a word of two or more syllables is shortened without a change in its function. It includes front and back clippings, middle clippings, phrase clippingsinitialism, acronym and back formation.I), Front and back clippingsThe shortening may occur at the start and the end of the word.e.g., flu(=influenza) / fridge(=refrigerator) / tec(=detective)II,)middle clippingse.g fluidics← fluidonics, fossilation← fossilizationIII) phrase clippingse.g Finals ← final examinations taxi ← taximeter cabIV) Initialisms and AcronymsInitialisms are words from the initial letters of words which are pronounced as sequences of letters .e.g IDD ←international direct dialIOC ← International Olympics CommitteeIT ← information technologyAcronyms are also formed from the initial letters of words, but are pronounced as a word, Acronyms have always been an integral part of computer culture, and they have since spawned a new language on the Internet.e.g. radar←radio detection and ranging)TOEFL ← Test of English as a Foreign LanguageVIII, Back-formationBack-formation is the process of word-building by which elements are subtracted from a complex word.e.g. to edit ←editor to televise ← televisionThe majority of back-formed words are verbs. There are two types of syntactic relation in verb compounds formed by backformation: Back-formations of all kinds are more frequently found in informal than in formal language.IX, OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia is a word-formation which imitate the sound. Imitative words are words formed by imitation of sound. Imitative words divide into primary onomatopoeia and secondary onomatopoeia.The barking of a dog.The crack of a whip.The roll of thunder.The tinkling of bells.There are three types of words formed by imitation of sound:I) The repetition of wordsII) The repetition of words with a vowel change.III) Repeating one or more syllables with a consonant changeX, The Difference Between American English and British English in SpellingMost vocabulary’s spelling in the two languages are the same, but there are few words ‘spelling have obvious differences .Some of the differences are the result of the development of American English , especially in the 19th century when Doctor Webster put the American characters into British English spelling . the other part reflected the different choices of British English and American English on the spelling of old English . Anyway, there are regularity in the different spelling of American English and British English .XI, SummaryThe training in this course will help the students summarize what they have learned in their study of the English vocabulary, and enrich their understanding of the English vocabulary as a system, while considering their foundational knowledge of the English language. The course will deepen students’sensitivity toward the subtleties and complexities of the English vocabulary and enable them to enlarge their personal vocabulary and improve their accuracy in the use of English.English vocabulary has several of word-formation methods .Root words can add either prefixes or suffixes to create other words .Take, for instance, the root word bene, meaning good. If you add various prefixes and suffixes to bene, you can create other words such as benefit ,benevolent benediction, and unbeneficial . Each prefix and suffix has a meaning of its own; so by adding one or the other—or both to the root words, you form new words, You can see the root word bene in each of the new words, and each of the new words still remains a meaning having to do with good, but the prefix or suffix changes or expands on the meaning. In another example ,look at the root word chron, which come s from Greek and means time .Adding the prefix syn- and the suffix, –ize creates the modern word synchronize, which means to set various timepieces at the same time. Use a different suffix , –ology, meaning the study of ,and you have chronology, which means the study that deals with time divisions and assigns events to their proper dates. Interesting, too, is the way ancient word forms have been used to create words in modern times.Two thousand years ago, for instance, no one knew there would a need for a word that meant sending your voice far away –but that’s what the modern word telephone means. It’s a combination of tele, meaning distant or far away ,and phon, meaning voice or sound. In Appendix B,, you will find other common root words and some examples of modern English words that incorporate them. But the three greatest word formation powers are affixation compounding and conversion . A further way besides borrowing in which the vocabulary of English has expanded to accommodate to the natural and social world in which it is used has been to employ means internal to the language itself for devising new word. This is the area of word-formation. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation . there is a variety of means being at work now .We try to imply the conclusion we got above into English teaching and learning.Reference:[1]期刊论文，丁琳、徐玲，‘English Word Formation Processes’,2009[2]期刊论文，张莉，《浅谈英语构词法中的词缀法》，2008[3]杨良生，《An introduction to modern English lexicology》，河南人民出版社，1991[4]蒋争，《英语构词解析》，北京出版社，1981[5]许涛，《英语词缀词根手册》，上海科学技术出版社，2008On Word Formation外语105班穆智11号。
英语构词法学习研究
英语构词法学习研究第一篇：英语构词法学习研究英语构词法及其在英语词汇教学中的应用［摘要］英语构词法可以帮助学生正确辨认单词的词形、词性和理解词意,并迅速扩大词汇量,是学习英语的有效途径。
本文旨在综合分析英语单词够词法的所有类型，给教师、学生以及学英语人士以启示的作用。
所谓英语构词法就是按照语法规则构成新词的方法,同一个词根如果添上或去掉不同的词缀,可以构成一系列不同的派生词。
英语构词法的种类有以下几种：（一）合成法合成法即把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列组成一个复合词。
如basketball, life-long, face-to-face, blackboard。
在英语发展的过程中，合成法在构词方面起到很大作用，为英语补充了大量词汇。
复合词的后兹材料多数由基本词汇提供。
合成词的含义多数可从字面看出，如以上各例，但其特定含义，则不受词中各个成分连接方式的影响，其写法由习惯而定，可用连接号，亦可不用。
如mouth-filling(气势十足的)，mouth-to-mouth method(口对口人工呼吸法)。
合成词的含义往往由其各个成分的关系而定，各词之间意义千变万化，毫无规则可言，但实际上，对于其含义，从上下文就可以看出，且很少会产生误解。
合成词可分为合成名词，合成形容词，合成动词等。
1.合成名词的主要构成方式有：⑴.名词+名词,如news +paper= newspaper(报纸),class +room=classroom(教室)；⑵.形容词+名词，如black +board=blackboard(黑板)，high +way=highway(公路)；⑶.动词+名词，如scare +crow=scarecrow(稻草人)。
2.合成形容词的主要构成方式：⑴.名词+形容词,如color +blind= colorblind(色盲的)，world +wide=worldwide(全世界范围的)；⑵.形容词+形容词，如bitter +sweet=bittersweet(又苦又甜的)；⑶.副词+形容词，如over +sensitive=oversensitive(过敏的)。
最新英语论文范文：《构词法在单词记忆中的应用》
英语论文范文：《构词法在单词记忆中的应用》摘要：“如何背单词”、“为什么我总是记不住”、“怎样背单词才最有效”等等类似的问题是困扰着学生的问题，关于这些问题，我一直都在思考并试图找到一个答案能够帮助学生们解决这些问题，因为大学英语的学习中，单词的掌握占据了很重要的地位。
“构词法”是一个很好的突破口，通过在教学中引入“构词法”的讲解，学生掌握了背单词的技巧和规律，背单词“事半功倍”。
这种方法不仅能帮助学生扩大词汇量还能将单词记牢，甚至还可以利用这种方法去理解从没见过的陌生词汇的意思。
它能够在有限的时间内扩展学生的词汇量，根据上下文理解陌生单词，举一反三，同时记忆尽可能多的相关单词，使学生提高英语自学能力，在独立思考的情况下记忆一系列单词。
关键词：构词法；合成法；派生法；转类法；记忆单词1．引言作为一名高职院校英语教师，笔者已经在教学岗位上工作了三年的时间，在这三年的实际教学过程中被学生询问的最多的关于英语学习的问题就是“如何背单词”、“为什么我总是记不住”、“怎样背单词才最有效”等等类似的问题。
关于这些问题，我一直都在思考并试图找到一个答案能够帮助学生们解决这些问题。
因为大学英语的学习中，单词的掌握占据了很重要的地位。
对于学生来说，尤其是对这些非英语专业的学生来说，能否记住尽可能多的单词、能不能将背过的单词牢牢掌握以及单词量的大小决定了他们英语成绩的高低，甚至会影响他们今后学习英语的兴趣和信心。
经过一直以来的研究和思考，我试图能找到一种方法，这种方法不仅能帮助学生扩大词汇量还能将单词记牢，甚至还可以利用这种方法去理解从没见过的陌生词汇的意思，因为在大量记忆单词的过程中，如果没有一个好的方法指导，学生会在浩瀚的英语单词中感到迷茫、泄气，甚至是挫败。
我发现“构词法”是一个很好的突破口，通过在教学中引入“构词法”的讲解，学生掌握了背单词的技巧和规律，背单词“事半功倍”。
2 . 构词法基本分类在英语中有许多种构成单词的方法，下面就介绍几种在日常授课中经常用到的也是学生比较好掌握的构词法。
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浅谈运用构词法记英语单词摘要随着全球化进程的加快,互联网的普及,国际交往的增多,越来越多的词汇进入英语语言。
有语言学家预言,在不久的将来,英语词汇量将超过1,000,000，学习者要想顺利地阅读英语文学作品、报刊等至少需要掌握10,000个英语单词。
那么有没有什么方法能够科学、高效地记忆英语单词呢?本篇文章介绍了构词法中，最常见的几种记忆词汇的方法。
要学好英语就必须掌握大量的词汇,要掌握大量词汇就要求我们关注词汇的组合规律,发现词的发音和拼写特点,寻找音和形之间的联系;了解构词法的知识，从而提高我们记单词的效率，这已经形成了共识。
关键词：构词法记忆单词1AbstractWith the proceedings of globalization, the popularization of Internet, the increase of international association, more and more words came into the English language. Some linguists utter a prediction: in the near future, English vocabulary will be more than one million. If learners want to read English literary works and newspapers smoothly, he must grasp at least 10,000 English words. So what method can scientifically and effectively to remember new English words? This article introduces the most of several common word-formation methods. It is necessary to have a large vocabulary if you want to learn English well. And you must concern word-formation law, found the words pronunciation and spelling characteristics,and the connection between the sound and shape. Understand the knowledge of word-formation can help us memorize new words efficiently, which has formed a consensus.Key Words:word-formation law memorize word2Contents目录一.英语构词法的历史简介………………………………………………………………………………………4-5二.了解构词法的对学习英语的益处.............................................................................5-62.1. 扩大词汇………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2.2. 加深理解…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2.3. 培养用词和造词能力……………………………………………………………………………………………………….三.构词法中最常见的几种记忆词汇的方法.....................................6-9四.构词法的延伸………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9-124.1. 单词结构与意义…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4.2. 字母的增减与变音…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4.3. 词义的演化与引申…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3一.英语构词法的历史简介什麽是构词法?语言的基本要素之一是词汇，在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇表示日常简单的事物和概念，这些词是是语言中最基本的词，在语言上称之为原生词（primitives），也叫基本词或根词。
英语里的原生词大都是单音节的，如：sun,man,head,foot,fish,see,run等，它们的数量是有限的。
随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的有限的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念。
按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，称之为构词法（word-formation or word-bulding）。
1. 在语言学中,词根、词缀统称为词素,是语言中最小的有意义的单位。
词根是词的最重要部分,体现了词的词汇意义。
如:ag(做);port(运送);fus(流);ceed(走);vis(看);spect(看);hum(泥土)等。
词缀(affix)是词汇意义的次要组成部分。
粘着于词根前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),后面的叫后缀(suffix)。
前缀往往改变词义,后缀改变词性。
如:bi-(二), -er(人), -able(能够……的)等。
生活中,很多学习者一提到英语构词法只说前缀和后缀,很少提及词根,实际上词根更为重要,因为它是构词的基础,在单词中起支配作用,决定单词的意义,与不同的词缀结合就能产生出不同意义的词。
42 .众所周知,汉语的词是由字组成的,字又是由偏旁组成的。
十个笔划,如撇、捺、点、横、竖、勾、弯等,组成偏旁。
英语书写的基本单位是26个字母,由字母再组成词素(词),再由词素组合成词。
英汉构词(字)流程大致如下:汉语: 笔划→偏旁(字)→字→词英语: 字母→词素(词)→单词3….汉语中有些偏旁本身就是可以单独使用的汉字,如:口、工、日、王、土、目等;大多数偏旁本身不是字,只能用作构词成分。
如:衤,宀,艹,耂等。
与之对比的是,英语中有些词素本身也可以单独使用,叫做根词,如:book,key等,与汉语中的偏旁字情况相仿。
还有一部分词素是不可以单独使用的,如:nect(连接),tract(拖),port(运)等,它们必须与词缀一起连用,才能构成单词,如分别与前缀con-, at-, im-结合构成单词connect(连接),attract(吸引),import(进口)。
这与汉语中的不可单独使用的偏旁字正好相当二了解构词法的对学习英语的益处2.1 扩大词汇了解词的结构，扩大巩固所学的词汇。
在阅读科技文章和专业资料时，碰到生字可以由已知的成分去分析未知词的含义，甚至可以"猜字"。
比如说，如果我们知道了词根anthropo-[man]（人）的意思，就有难理解下面几个词的含义：anthropolgy（人类学）、anthropid（类人的）、anthropologist（人类学家）、anthropolgical（人类学的）、philanthropist（慈善家）、misanthropist（厌世者）。
其次，学习构词的方法对词汇的记忆和联想也是大有帮助的。
52.2 加深理解为深刻理解词义有一定的帮助，如：人称外词后缀-ster有时含有轻蔑意味：trickster（骗子手）、gamester（赌棍）、rhymster（打油诗人）、gangster（歹徒）、monster（恶人）等。
2.3. 培养用词和造词能力培养灵活运用词语的能力和善于造词的本领。
比方，on-the-spot（现场的）、sixteen-in-one-group（十六进制的）、blue-black（蓝黑）、under-develop（发育不全）、middle-of-term（期中）、fecal-borne（粪便传播的）、hair-bulb（毛球）、fever-blister（发热性疱疹）、Mikulicz-Vladimiroff（米弗二氏）、mind-blindness（精神性盲）等等。
三构词法中最常见的几种记忆词汇的方法转化法，合成法，缀合法，元级派生法，反成法，缩略法，混合法，拟声法，重音换位法（1）转化法：就是把一个词，从一种词类转成另一种词类的方法，此法属于语法的范畴，在一般的语法书中都可以见到，形式多样，非常复杂，一般学者可找一些常用的形式学习，并学以致用。
例如：①名词转化为动词：bicycle 自行车→ to bicycle 骑自行车、cage 笼子→ to cage 装在笼里；②形容词转化为动词：6black 黑色的→ to black 涂黑/变色、cool 寒冷的→ to cool使冷却/变冷；③形容词转化为名词：comic 滑稽的→comic 滑稽演员/新闻、daily 每天的→ daily 日报。
（摘自《赢在单词》一书）（2）合成法：就是把两个或两个以上的词，组合成一个新词，即复合词。
此法也属于语法的范畴.例如：rain 雨 + coat 外衣 = raincoat 雨衣、class 班级 + room 房间 = classroom 教室、book 书 + shelf 架 = bookshelf 书架（3）缀合法：俗名又称“派生法”，就是在词或词根上，附加前缀、后缀或连接词等成分后，构成新词的一种方法。
此法在构词法中是运用范围最广，使用频率最高，实用性最强的一种科学方法。
缀合构词的方式是多样的，有的包括词根（或根词）、前缀或后缀三部分，有的不足三部分有的多于三部分。
例如：ap- 强调 + -pear- 出现→ appear 出现/看来/似乎、con- 一起 + -sist- 站→ consist 组成、-soci- 社交 + -ety 名词后缀→ society 社会（4）元级派生法：7就是由一个已知词汇派生出新词汇的过程，且在此过程中，不用借助前后缀，而是靠改变词根的元音、辅音或字母组合而构成新词的方法。
这本来不属于一种方法，原是一种历史现象，但这些现象一直延续发展，且部分常见现象在现代英语里已经保留下来，并发挥着一定作用，所以我们有必要把它作为一种方法来研究。
例如：load 运输路→ lead 带路、gold 金→ gild 镀金、food 食物→ feed 喂（5）反成法：俗称“逆生法”或“倒退构词法”，这种方法是建立在错误使用缀合法的基础上产生的（如：demarcation 并不是demarcate + -ion而产生的，而是to demarcate 由demarcation而产生的），缀合法是需要添加一些成分来构词的，而它却是在原有词汇上去掉一些成分，从而构成新词，它的做法与缀合法构词过程完全相反，所以叫它“反成法”。