2018年《英语语法》专插本考试大纲
2018高考英语考试大纲.doc
2018高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose) 11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree vagreement n agricultural a agriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nalbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix nappetite napplaud v & n apple napplicant n application napply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep aaspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& n background n backward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball n bat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) vbeach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) vbeneath prep beneficial a benefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & v bone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a &pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage n cafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart n chat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate n classroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict nconfuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool a copy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & vcost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine n culture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy n daily a,ad& n dam ndamage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & ndata n database ndate n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare v decline vdecorate vdecoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist ndepartment(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective ndetermine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) ndiamond n diary n dictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish n disk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant adistinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb vdisturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj& adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially adessay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment nexpert nexplain v explanation n explicit a explode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight n flat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery n gallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nH habit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v &nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster n headmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital n host n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity n identification nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration nimport v & n importance n important aimpossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter ninterrupt vinterval ninterview n & vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & v judgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer n lay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation n liberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v。
2018高考英语考试大纲 .doc
2018高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose) 11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree vagreement n agricultural a agriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nalbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix nappetite napplaud v & n apple napplicant n application napply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep aaspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& n background n backward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball n bat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) vbeach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) vbeneath prep beneficial a benefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & v bone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a &pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage n cafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart n chat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate n classroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict nconfuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool a copy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & vcost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine n culture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy n daily a,ad& n dam ndamage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & ndata n database ndate n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare v decline vdecorate vdecoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist ndepartment(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective ndetermine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) ndiamond n diary n dictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish n disk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant adistinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb vdisturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj& adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially adessay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment nexpert nexplain v explanation n explicit a explode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight n flat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery n gallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nH habit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v &nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster n headmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital n host n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity n identification nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration nimport v & n importance n important aimpossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter ninterrupt vinterval ninterview n & vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & v judgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer n lay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation n liberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v。
2018高考英语考试大纲.doc
2018高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose) 11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree vagreement n agricultural a agriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nalbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix nappetite napplaud v & n apple napplicant n application napply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep aaspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& n background n backward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball n bat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) vbeach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) vbeneath prep beneficial a benefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & v bone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a &pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage n cafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart n chat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate n classroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict nconfuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool a copy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & vcost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine n culture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy n daily a,ad& n dam ndamage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & ndata n database ndate n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare v decline vdecorate vdecoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist ndepartment(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective ndetermine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) ndiamond n diary n dictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish n disk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant adistinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb vdisturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj& adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially adessay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment nexpert nexplain v explanation n explicit a explode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight n flat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery n gallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nH habit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v &nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster n headmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital n host n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity n identification nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration nimport v & n importance n important aimpossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter ninterrupt vinterval ninterview n & vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & v judgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer n lay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation n liberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v。
【考研资料】2018考研英语考试大纲 6页
2018考研英语(一)考试大纲原文(非英语专业)(2018年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
(二)语言技能①1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。
2018高考英语考试大纲.doc
2018高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a & nacademy n accelerate vaccent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed aache v & nachieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect v affection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nalbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America namong prepamount n & vample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation napproach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& nbackground n backward(s) ad bacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber n barbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball n basement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & adbetray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn a borrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a &pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef n chemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate n classroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative aconsider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy ndaily a,ad& ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger n dangerous adare v & modal v dark a & n darkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend v degree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & n deserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination n destroy vdetective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj& adelder nelect velectric aelectrical aelectricity nelectronic aelegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & vembarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter v enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & v expose vexpress v & n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme a eye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour n flow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather v gay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle agentleman n geography n geometry ngesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) vglad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother ngrandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger n hammer nhand n & v handbag n handful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v &nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster n headmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow ad however ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & adinch nincident ninclude vincome nincrease v & nindeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) nkind1 nkind2 a kindergarten n kindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) n knock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor) n lack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & v language nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & v laughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) vleast n leather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade n lend(lent,lent) v length n lesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively aload nloaf nlocal a。
2018考研英语(一)考试大纲原文
2018考研英语(一)考试大纲原文(非英语专业)(2018年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
(二)语言技能①1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。
2018年成人高考专科起点升本科英语考试新大纲词汇总表
abstract ['?bstr?kt]2018 年景人高考专科起点升本科英语a.抽象的 n.纲要 ,梗概 v.提取 ,抽取考试新纲领词汇总表academic [,?k ?'demik]a [e,ei, ?]a.1.学院的 2.学术的art.1.( 非特指的 )一 (个 )2.( 同类事物中的)任accent ['?ks ?nt, ?k'sent]何一 (个 )[ 相当于 any] n.1.口音 ,声调 2.重音 ,重音符号a.m. ['ei'em] accept [?k'sept]n.(缩)上午 ,午前v.1.接受 ,领受 2.赞成 ,认同ability [ ?'biliti] access ['?kses]n.1.能力 2.能耐，本事n.1.凑近，进入 2.通道，进口able ['eibl] accident ['?ksid ?nt]a.1.有能力的 2.优异的n.1.不测的事，有时的事 2.事故aboard [?'b?:d] accompany [ ?'k?mp?ni]ad./prep.在船 (或飞机、车)上,上船 (或飞机、v.1.陪伴 ,陪伴 2.陪伴 ,和 ...一同发生 3.伴奏accomplish [ ?'k?mpli ?]车)v.达成，实现about [?'baut]according [?'k?:di?]prep.1.对于 ,对于 2.在 ...四周 ad.1.大概 2.四周 ,a.符合的 ,一致的 ,相应的邻近 .各处account [?'kaunt]above [?'b?v]n.1.表达 ,说明 2.账 ,账户 v.作出说明prep.在...之上 .高于 ad.在上边 ,以上 a.上边的，accurate ['?kjurit]上述的 a.正确的 ,精准的abroad [?'br?:d] accuse [?'kju:z]ad.1.外国，外国 2.传开v.指控 ,指控 ,谴责absent ['?bs ?nt, ?b'sent] accustomed [?'k?st?md]a.1.缺席 ,不在 2.漫不经心的 a.习惯的 ,惯常的 (to)absolute ['?bs ?lju:t] ache [eik]a.绝对的，完好的v./n.痛 ,痛苦absorb [ ?b's?:b] achieve [?'t?i:v]v.1.汲取 2.吸引 ...的注意，使聚精会神v.1.达成 ,实现 2.达到 ,获取achievement [?'t?i:vm ?nt] addition [?'di??n]n.1.成就 ,成绩 2.达成 ,达到n.1.加 ,加法 2.附带物acquaintance [?'kweint ?ns] additional [?'di??nl]n.1.认识 ,认识 ,认识 2.认识的人 ,熟人 a.附带的 ,此外的acquire [?'kwai ?] address [?'dres]v.获得 ,获取 ,学到n.1.地址 ,地址 2.演说 ,发言 v.1.写姓名地址 2. across [?'kr?s]向 ...发言 ,发布演说prep.1.横过 ,穿过 2.在 ...的对面 ad.1.横过 ,穿adequate ['?dikwit]过 2.宽 ,阔 a.1.充分的 ,足够的 2.适合的 ,胜任的act [?kt] adjective ['?d ?iktiv]v.1.行为 ,行为 2.起作用 3.表演 n.1.行为 ,动作n.形容词adjust [?' d??st]2.法律 ,条例3.(一 )幕v.1 调理 ,改变 ...以适应 2.校订，调整action ['?k ??n]admire [ ?d'mai?]n.1.行动 ,行动过程 2.作用v.敬佩 ,赏识 ,敬羡active ['?ktiv]admit [?d'mit]a.1.活跃的，矫捷的，踊跃的 2.在活动中的v.1.认可 ,招供 2.允许 ...进入 ,允许 ...加入activity [?k'tiviti]adopt [?'d?pt]n.1.活动，活跃 2.行动v.1.收养 2.采纳 ,采用 ,采用actor ['?kt ?]adult [' ?d ?lt]n.男演员n.成年人 a.成年的 ,充分长成的 ,成熟的actress ['?ktris]advance [?d'va:ns]n.女演员v.1.行进 ,向前挪动 2.获得进展 ,改良 n.1.行进 , actual ['?kt ?u?l]a.实质的 ,事实上的 ,真切的进展 2.预付 ,预付adapt [?'d?pt] advanced [?d'va:nst]v.1.使适应 ,使适合 2.改编 ,改写 a.在前面的 ,先进的 ,高级的add [?d] advantage [?d'va:ntid ?]v.1.增添 ,增添 2.把 ...加起来 3.进一步说 (或n.1.长处 ,优势 ,有利因素 2.利益 ,利处adventure [?d'vent??]写)....n.1.冒险 ,冒险活动 2.奇遇prep.1.倚在 ,紧靠着 2.逆 ,反 (对 ),违犯 3.和 ... adverb ['?dv ?:b]对照n.副词age [eid?]advertisement [?d'v?:tism ?nt]n.1.年纪 2.时代 ,期间 v.变老n.(=ad) 广告agency ['eid ??nsi]advice [ ?d'vais]n.代理 (处), 代劳处n.劝说 ,忠告 ,建议agent ['eid ??nt]advise [ ?d'vaiz]n.代理人，代理商v.劝说 ,通知 ,建议ago [?'g?u]affair [?'fε?]ad.从前n.事件agree [?'gri:]affect [?'fekt]v.赞成，应允v.1.影响 2.[在感情方面 ]喜爱agreement [?'gri:m ?nt]afford [?'f ?:d]n.1.协议，协议，契约 2.达成协议 ,赞成v.1.买得起 ,担负得起 2.供给 ,赐予agriculture ['?grik ?lt??]afraid [?'freid]n.农业a.1.惧怕的 ,惧怕的 2.犯愁的 ,不愿意的ahead [?'hed]Africa ['?frik ?] n.非洲ad.在前 ,向前 ,提早aid [eid]African ['?frik ?n]n.1.帮助 ,救助 2.助手，辅助手段v.帮助，援a.非洲的 ,非洲人的n.非洲人助after ['a:ft ?]aim [eim]prep.在 ...此后 ,在 ...后边ad.此后 , 此后conj.v.1.把...对准 ,把 ...对准 2.致力 ,旨在 n.1.对准 , 在...此后afternoon [,a:ft ?'nu:n]对准 2 目标 ,目的n.下午 ,午后air [ ε?]again, n.空气 ,大气 ,天空 v.通风[?'gein, ??ɡ en]ad.再一次 ,又一次airline [' ε?lain]against [?'genst]n.1.航空公司 2.(飞机的 )航线....airplane [' ε?plein]n.飞机airport [' ε?p:t]n.机场 ,航空站alarm [?'la:m]n.1.惊慌 2.报警器 v.1.使惊慌 2.向 ...报警alike [?'laik]a.相同的，相似的alive [?'laiv]a.1.活着的 2.有活力的 ,活跃的 3.存在的all [?:l]a.1.全部的，所有的 2.所有的pron.所有 ,一切 ad.完好地 ,都allow [?'lau]v.1.赞成 ,允许 2. 赞成给almost [' ?:lm ?ust]ad.几乎 ,差不多alone [?'l?un]a.1.独自的 ,孤单的 2.唯一无二的ad.1.独自地 , 单身地 2.只是 ,只along [?'l??]prep.沿着 ad.向前aloud [?'laud]ad.出声地，高声地alphabet ['?lf ?bit]n.字母表already [?:l'redi]ad.早已 ,已 (经 ) ad.1.相同地 2.并且 ( 也)although [?:l'e ?u]conj.固然 ,只管altitude ['?ltitju:d]n.高度 ,海拔altogether [,?:lt ?'gee?]ad.1.完好 ,所有地 2.总起来说 ,总之 3.总合always [' ?:lweiz]ad.1.老是 ,无例外处 2.永久 ,一直amaze [?'meiz]v.使大为诧异 ,使惊讶America [?'merik ?]n.美洲，美国American [?'merik ?n]a.1.美洲的 ,美国的 2.美国人的 n.美国人 ,美洲人among [?'m??]prep.(-st)在 ...之中 ,在 ...之间amount [?'maunt]n.数目 ,数额 ,总数 v.1.合计 ,合计 2.等同 ,凑近(to)amuse [?'mju:z]v.1.逗乐 ,逗笑 2.给 ...供给娱乐an [?n,?n]art.1.( 非特指的 )一 ( 个 )2.( 同类事物中的) 任何一 (个 )[ 相当于 any]analyse ['?n ?laiz]v.剖析 ,分解also ['?:ls?u]analysis [?'n?l ?sis]....n.剖析 ,分解analyze ['?n ?laiz]v.剖析 ,分解ancient ['ein ??nt]a.古代的 ,古老的and [?nd,?nd]conj.1. 和 ,与 ,及 2.那么 ,则 3.接连 ,又anger ['??g? ]n.怒 ,愤慨 v.使愤慨 ,激怒angle ['??gl]n.1.角 ,角度 2.角度 ,看法angry ['??gri]a.1.愤慨的 ,生气的 2.(风波等 )狂暴的animal ['?nim ?l]n.动物 ,兽 ,牲口 a.动物的 ,野兽的announce [?'nauns]v.1.宣布 ,宣布 2.宣称annoy [?'n?i]v.1.使愤慨 ,使烦忧 2.打搅annual ['?nju ?l]a.每年的 ,年度的 n.年鉴，年刊another [?'n?e?]a.1.再一个的 ,另一个的 2.其余 ,不一样的pron. 另一个answer ['a:ns?]v.1.回答 ,答复 2.适合 ,切合 3.负有责任 n.回答 , 答复 ,答案anxious ['??k?? s]a.1.忧愁的 ,忧愁的 2.盼望的 ,急迫的any ['eni]a.1.[否定 ,疑问 ,条件句中 ] 任何的 , 任何一种 , 所有的anybody ['eni,b ?di,'enib ?di]a.1.[否定、疑问、条件句中 ]任何人anyhow ['enihau]ad.1.不论怎么说 ,不论怎样 2.不论用何种方法anyone ['eniw ?n]pron. 任何人anything ['eniθ i?]pron 1.[ 否定、疑问、条件句中 ] 任何东西anyway ['eniwei]ad.1.不论怎么说 ,不论怎样 2.不论以何种方式anywhere ['enihwε?]ad.1.[否定、疑问、条件句中 ] 任何地方apart [?'pa:t]ad.1.相间隔 ,成距离 2.分别 ,分开apartment [?'pa:tm?nt]n.1.[ 美 ] 公寓apologize [?'p?l?d?aiz]v.(to for) 致歉，认错apology [?'p?l?d?i]n.致歉，认错apparent [?'p?r ?nt]a.1.表面上的，貌似 (真切 )的 2.明显的，明理解白的....appear[ ?'pi?]v.l.出现，显现 2.到达 3.看来仿佛 ,仿佛appearance[?'pi?r ?ns]n.1.出现，露面 2.外观，相貌appetite ['?pitait]n.1.食欲 ,胃口 2.欲念 ,喜好apple ['?pl]n.苹果application [,?pli'kei ??n]n.1.申请 ,申请表 2.应用 ,实行apply [?'plai]v.1.申请，恳求 2.应用 ,运用 ,合用appoint [?'p?int]v.1.委任 ,委派 2.商定 ,指定 (时间、地址 ) appreciate [?'pri: ?ieit]v.1.重视，赏识 2.对 ... 作正确议论 3.为 ... 表示感谢approach [?'pr?ut?]v.凑近，凑近 n.1.凑近 2.门路，入门 3.方式，方法appropriate [?'pr?upri ?t,?'pr?uprieit]适合的 ,适合的 ,相当的approve [?'pru:v]v.1.同意 ,赞成 ,称许 2.赞成 ,赞成approximate [?'pr?ksimit]a.近似的，大概的 v.(to) 近似，凑近April['eipr ?l]n.四月area[' ε?ri] n.1.面积 2.地区，地区 3.领域，范围argue ['a:gju:]v.1.争辩，争辩 2.提出原由， (妄图 )证明argument ['a:gjum ?nt]n.1.争辩，争辩 2.原由，论据arise [?'raiz]v.1.出现，发生 2.由 ...惹起，发源于arithmetic [?'riθtik]m?n.算术arm [a:m]n.1.臂，臂状物 2.[pl.] n. 武器 , 兵种army ['a:mi]n.1.军队，军 2.大群，大量around [?'raund]ad.1.在四周，在邻近 2.各处 3.大概prep. 在 ...四周，在 ...邻近arouse [?'rauz]v.1.惹起，激起，唤起 2.唤醒arrange [?'reind?]v.1.安排，筹备 2.整理，使有条理，摆列，部署arrest [?'rest]v./n.拘捕，拘禁arrival [?'raiv ?l]n.1.抵达，到来 2.抵达者，抵达物arrive [?'raiv]v.1.到来，抵达 2.到临 3.(at)抵达，达成arrow ['?r ?u]n.1.箭，箭状物 2.箭头符号art [a:t] assemble [ ?'sembl]n.1.美术，艺术 2.技术，技艺 3.[pl.] 文科v.1.会合 ,招集 2.装置article ['a:tikl] assign [ ?'sain]n.1.文章，论文 2.条款，条则 3.物件 4.冠vt.1.(to) 指派 ,选派 2.分派 ,部署 (作业 ) 3.指定词(时间 ,地址等 )artificial [,a:ti'fi ??l] assignment [?'sainm?nt]a.1.人工的，人造的，人为的 2.假的，矫揉n.1.(分派的 )任务 ,(指定的 )作业 2.分派 ,批派做作的assist [?'sist]artist ['a:tist]v.帮助 ,辅助n.艺术家，美术家assistant [?'sist?nt]as [ ?z,?z]n.1.助手 ,助理 2.助教 a.助理的 ,辅助的conj.1. 当 ...时，在 ...的同时 2.仿佛 ...那样，associate [?'s?u?ieit]v.1.把...联系在一同，使联合 2.交往 n.伙伴，以 ...的方式，像 ...相同 3.因为，因为 4.以合伙人 a.副的致于 prep.作为，看作 ad.相同地，相同地association [?,s?u?i'ei ??n]ash [? ?]n.1.协会，社团 2.联合，联合，交往n.灰，灰烬assume [?'sju:m]Asia ['ei??]v.1.假定，假定 2.担当 3.表现，采纳n.亚洲assure [ ?'?u?]Asian ['ei??n]v.1.使确信，使放心 2 向 ...保证a.亚洲的 ,亚洲人的n.亚洲人astonish [?s't?ni?]aside [?'said]v.使吃惊ad.在旁边 ,到 (或向 )一边astronaut ['?str ?n?:t]ask [a:sk]n.宇航员v.1.问 ,咨询 2.恳求 ,要求 3.邀请 ,邀请asleep [?'sli:p]a.睡着的as...as像，仿佛，与...相同at [?t, ?t]aspect['?spekt]prep.1.在 ...里，在 ...上 2.在 ...时辰 3.向，朝n.1.方面 2.表面 ,相貌4.[表示价钱、速度等 ]Atlantic [?t'l?ntik] aunt [a:nt]a.大西洋的 n.[the~] n.伯母，婶母，姑母，姨母，舅母atmosphere ['?tm ?s,fi?] Australia [?'streilj ?]n.1.大气，大气层 2.空气 3.氛围 4.大气压n.澳大利亚，澳洲atom ['?t ?m] Australian [?'streilj ?n]n.1.原子 2.微粒 ,微量 a.1.澳大利亚 (人 )的 2.澳洲区的n.澳大利亚attach [?'t?t ?]人v.1.系 ,贴 ,装,连结 2.使成为一部分 ,使隶属 3.author [' ?: θ?]使迷恋n.作者attack [?'t?k] authority [?:' θ?riti]v.1.攻击 , 攻击 ,抨击 2.( 风雨、疾病等 )侵袭n.1.[pl.] 威望； 2. 权利 3. 官方 4. 专家5. 行n.1.攻击，攻击，抨击 2.(疾病的 )忽然发生政管理机构attempt [?'tempt] automatic [,?:t?'m?tik]v./n.妄图，试图 a.自动的attend [?'tend] automobile [' ?:t?m?ubi:l]v.1.列席，参加 2.照顾，护理 3.(to)专心于，n.(=auto) 汽车autumn ['?:t?m]致力于n.秋季 ,秋季attention [ ?'ten??n]available [?'veil ?bl]n.注意，留意a.1.可利用的 ,可获取的 2.可获得联系的 , 可attitude ['?titju:d]n.1.态度 ,见解 2.姿势接见的attract [?'tr?kt] avenue ['?v ?nju:,'?vinju:]v.吸引 ,惹起 ...的注意，有吸引力n.林荫道，大街attractive [?'tr?ktiv] average ['?v ?rid ?]a.有吸引力的，惹起注意的n.均匀数 ,均匀 a.平时的 ,往常的 v.均匀audience [' ?:dj ?ns] avoid [?'v?id]n.听众，观众，读者v.防止 ,避开August ['?:g?st] awake [?'weik]n.八月 a.醒着的 v.唤醒 ,使觉悟award [?'w?:d] bag [b?g]n.奖 ,奖品 ,奖状 v.授与 ,赐予n.1.袋 2.钱包aware [?'w ε?] baggage ['b?gid ?]意识到 ,知道的n.行李away [?'wei] bake [beik]ad.远离 ,走开v.1.烘,焙 ,烤 2.烧硬 ,烘干 (砖块、陶器等 )awful [' ?:ful] balance ['b?l ?ns]a.1.令人产生敬畏之心 ,可怕的 2.极度的，极v.1.使均衡 2.称 n.1.天平 ,称 2.均衡 ,均衡 3.结坏的存 ,结欠awkward ['?:kw?d] ball [b ?:l]a.1.粗笨的 ,蠢笨的 2.难堪的 ,棘手的 3.使用不v.1.球,球状物 2.(浩大 ,正式的 ) 舞会balloon [b?'lu:n]便的n.气球B.C. ['bi:'si:]banana [b ?'na:n?]n.(缩)公元前=before Christn.香蕉baby ['beibi]bank [b??k]n.婴儿n.1.银行 ,库存 2.岸 ,堤back [b?k]bar [ba:]ad.1.向后 2.回原处 ,答还原状 3.还 ,回 n.背 ,背n.1.酒吧间 ,售酒 (或食品、饮料 )的柜台 2.条，面,后边 a.背后的 ,后边的 v.退后 ,倒退 2.支持块，杆 3.栅，栏 v.阻挡，拦阻background ['b?kgraund]barber ['ba:b?]n.背景n.剪发师backward ['b?kw ?d]bare [b ε?]ad.向后 ,朝反方向 a.1.向后的 ,倒的 2.落伍的 ,a.1.赤裸的，不穿衣服的，不戴帽的 2.光秃进步慢的秃的，无掩盖的 3.只是的，光是的v.露出，bad [b?d]a.1.坏的 ,不好的 2.严重的 ,厉害的 3.腐败的裸露badly ['b?dli] bargain ['ba:gin]ad.1.坏 ,差 ,拙劣地 2.严重地 ,厉害地n.1.交易 2.特价商品 v.讲价还价....base [beis]n.1.基，底 2.基础，依据v.(on) 把...成立在 ... 基础上basic ['beisik]a.基本的，基础的basin ['beisn]n.1.盆，脸盆 2.盆地basis ['beisis]n.基础，依据basket ['ba:skit]n.篮，篓basketball ['ba:skitb ?:l]n.篮球bat [b?t]n.1.球拍 2.蝙蝠bath [ba: θ]n.1.浴，洗浴 2.浴缸v.[英 ] 洗浴bathe [beie]v.1.[美 ] 洗浴 , 洗浴 , (光芒 )充满bathroom ['ba:θ rum,'ba:θ ru:m]n.1.浴室 2.盥洗室battery ['b?t ?ri]n.电池 (组 )battle ['b?tl]n.战斗，战斗，斗争v.作战，格斗bay [bei]n.1.(海或湖泊的 ) 湾 2.山脉的低凹处be [bi:,bi]v.1.是，就是 2.表示，意味着 3.等于，值4.成为，变为 5.在，存在aux.v.1.[ 与动词的此刻分词连用，构成各样进行时态]beach [bi:t ?]n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam [bi:m]n.1.(光芒的 )束，柱 2.横梁bear [b ε?]n.熊 v.1.忍耐，容忍 2.负担，担当 3.结 (果实)，生(孩子 )beard [bi ?d]n.胡子beast [bi:st]n.1.兽，野兽，牲口 2.残忍的人，令人厌憎的人beat [bi:t]v.1.(接连地 )打，击 2.( 心脏等 )跳动 3.战胜，战胜n.1.(心脏等的 )跳 (声 ) 2.有节奏的敲击(声 )beautiful ['bju:t ?ful]a.美的，漂亮的beauty ['bju:ti]n.1.美，漂亮 2.佳人，美的东西because[bi'k ?z]conj.因为become [bi'k ?m]v.变为，成为，开始变得bed [bed]n.1.床，床位 2.(苗 )床，坛 3.(河 )床， (湖、. . . .海的 )底n.1.存在，生计 2.生物，人bee [bi:] belief [bi'li:f]n.蜜蜂n.1.相信，相信，信任 2.信念 3.崇奉 4.信beef [bi:f]条n.牛肉believe [bi'li:v]beer [bi ?]v.1.相信，笃信，相信 2.认为，猜想n.啤酒bell [bel]before [bi'f ?:]n.钟，铃prep.1.(指时间 )在 ...从前 2.(指地点 ) 在 ...前belong [bi'l ??]面 3.(指次序、重要性等 ) 在 ...从前，先于v.1.(在分类上 )属，应纳入 2.(to)( 在所有权 , conj. 在 ...从前 ad.1.较早 2.从前，过去关系等方面 )属于beg [beg] below [bi'l ?u]v.1.恳求，乞讨 2.央求，恳求prep.1.[ 指地点 ] 在下边begin [bi'gin] belt [belt]v.开始n.腰带，皮带beginning [bi'gini?] bench [bent?]n.开始，初步n.长凳，长椅behalf [bi'ha:f] bend [bend]n.利益v.使曲折 n.曲折，曲折处behave [bi'heiv] beneath [bi'ni: θ]v.1.举止正直，表现 2.(机器等 )运行prep.在 ...下边，在 ...底下 ad.在下方behaviour [bi'heivj ?] benefit ['benifit](=behavior)n.1. 行为，举止 2.(机器等 )运行n.好处，利处 v.有利于，受益beside [bi'said]状况prep.1.在 ...旁边，在...邻近 2.和......对比behind [bi'haind]besides [bi'saidz]prep.在 ... 的背后， (遗留 )在...后边，落伍于ad.并且，其余 prep.除...以外 (还 )ad.在背后，向后，落在后边best [best]being ['bi:i?]a.最好的 ad.最好，最....bet [bet]n.1.出生 ,临盆 2.出身，家世，血统 3.发源 , v.打赌，以 ...打赌，与 ...打赌 n.1.打赌 2.赌本源金,赌注birthday ['b?: θ dei]better ['bet?]n.诞辰a.较好的 ,更好的 ad.更好地bit [bit]between [bi'twi:n]n.一点 ,一些 ,一片prep.在...(二者 )之间bite [bait] （过去式） bitbeyond [bi'j ?nd]prep.1.在 (或向 )...的那处，远于 2.迟于 3.超v./n.咬 ,叮bitter ['bit ?]出 ad.在更远处a.1.难过的 2.有苦味的Bible ['baibl]black [bl?k]n.《圣经》a.1.黑色的 2.黑暗的 n.1.黑色 2.黑人bicycle ['baisikl]blackboard ['bl?kb ?:d]n.自行车n.黑板big [big]blame [bleim]a.大的，巨大的 2.重要的，重要的v.1.谴责 ,责怪 ,责怪 2.(on,onto) 归罪于 ,把 ...归bike [baik]n.（口）自行车咎于 n.1.(过失、事故等的 )责任 2.谴责 ,责怪bill [bil] blank [bl??k]n.1.账单 2.票据 ,清单 3.纸币 ,钞票 a.1.空白的 ,空着的 2.茫然的 ,无表情的 n.1.空billion ['bilj ?n]白 2.空白表格 ,空白处num.1.[ 美、法 ] 十亿blanket ['bl??kit]bind [baind]n.毛毯 ,毯子v.捆 ,绑 ,捆扎blind [blaind]biology [bai' ?l?d?i]a.1.瞎的 ,失明的 2.盲目的 v.使失明n.生物学block [bl ?k]bird [b?:d]n.1.街区 , 街段 2.大块 (木材或石料、金属、n.鸟 ,禽冰 )3.阻碍物 ,阻挡物 v.拥塞 ,堵塞birth [b?: θ]....blood [bl ?d]n.1.血 ,血液 2.血统 ,门第blow [bl ?u]v.1.吹，吹动 2.吹气 3.吹响 4.爆炸 n.一击 ,打击,捶打blue [blu:]a.1.蓝色的 2.(皮肤等 )青灰色的 3.丧气的 ,忧郁的 n.蓝色board [b?:d]n.1.板 ,木板 ,纸板 2.委员会 ,董事会 3.(指包饭 ) 伙食 4.船舷 v.上 (船、车、飞机 )boast [b?ust]v.1.自夸，炫耀，吹捧 2.以拥有 ...而骄傲n. 自吹自擂，自夸的话boat [b?ut]n.船，小船body ['b?di]n.1.身体 ,躯体 ,主体 2.尸体 3.物体 4.(一 )群 , 一批boil [b?il]v.沸腾 ,煮沸bold [b ?uld]a.1.英勇的 ,无畏的 2.莽撞的 3.粗体 ,黑体的bomb [b?m]n.炸弹 v.轰炸 ,投弹bond [b?nd]n.1.联络 ,联系 2.粘结剂 ,粘合剂 3.公债 ,债券bone [b?un] n.骨 ,骨骼book [buk]n.书 ,书本 v.估计 ,订 (戏票、车票、房间等 ) boot [bu:t]n.靴border ['b?:d?]n.1．边，边沿，界限 2.界限，边疆v.1.与 ... 接壤，毗邻 2.凑近bore [b?:]v.1.使讨厌，使厌烦 2.钻 (孔 ) ，凿 (井 )，挖(通道 ) n.令人讨厌的人 ( 或事 )born [b?:n](bear 的过去分词）a.1.出生的，产生的 2.天生的borrow ['b?r?u]v.借，借入boss [b?s]n.老板，上级v.指挥，发号布令both [b?uθ]pron. 二者 ( 都 ) ，两方 ( 都 ) a.两 ...(都 )，两个...(都)bother ['b?e?]v.1.打搅，麻烦 2.担忧，烦忧n.烦忧，焦急bottle ['b?tl]n.瓶bottom ['b?t?m]n.底，底部breakfast ['brekf ?st]bound [baund] (bind 的过去式和过去分n.早饭 v.进早饭词)breath [bre θ]a.1.必定的，必然的 2.受拘束的，有义务的n.气味，呼吸breathe [bri:e ]3.(for, to)准备到 ...去的，开往 ( 或驶往 )...的v.呼吸v.跳跃，弹回brick [brik]bowl [b?ul]n.1.砖 2.砖块状物n.碗，钵bridge [brid ?]box [b?ks]n.桥，桥梁n.1.箱，盒 2.包厢 v.拳击brief [bri:f]boy [b?i]a.简洁的，简洁的 v.向 ...作简要的介绍n.男孩bright [brait]brain [brein]a.1.光明的，明朗的 2.聪敏的，灵巧的 3. n.1.脑， [pl.] 智力快乐的branch [bra:nt ?]brilliant ['brilj ?nt]n.1. 树枝，分枝 2.(机构的)分部，分号a.1.光芒的，绚烂的 2.优异的，优异的3.(学科的 )分科，分支bring [bri?]brand [br?nd]v.1.带来，拿来 2.惹起 ,致使n.商标， (商品的 )牌子 v.1.打烙印于，以烙Britain ['brit ?n]铁打 (标志 )2.把 ...铭记，铭记于n.不列颠 ,英国brave [breiv] British ['briti ?]a.英勇的 a.(大 )不列颠 (人 )的 ,英国 (人 )的 n.[the~] bread [bred] broad [br?:d]n.面包 a.1.宽的 ,阔的 ,广阔的 2.宽泛的 3.宽容的break [breik] broadcast ['br?:dka:st]v.1.打破，使碎裂 2.破坏，弄坏 3.破坏，n./v.广播 ,播音brother ['br?e?]违犯 4.中断，中断 n.(课间、工间 )歇息时n.兄弟间brown [braun] butter ['b?t?]n./a.棕色 (的 ),褐色 (的 ) n.黄油，奶油 v.涂黄油于 ...上brush [br ??] button ['b?t?n]n.1.刷子 ,毛刷 2.画笔 v.刷 ,写 ,画,掸 ,拂 ,擦n.1.纽扣 2.按钮 ,开关 v.扣上 ,扣紧 v.买 ,购置build [bild] by [bai]v.1.建筑 ,建筑 2.成立 3.增强 ,增进prep.1.在 ...旁边，凑近 2.到 (某时 )从前 ,不迟building ['bildi?]于 3.被 ,由 4.靠 ,经过 ,以 5.依据 ,依据 ad.在近n.1.建筑物 ,大楼 2.建筑旁 ,经过bunch [b?nt?]cabbage ['k?bid ?]n.束 ,捆 ,串n.洋白菜 ,卷心菜burden ['b?:d?n]cable ['keibl]n.担子 ,负担n.1.索 ,缆 2.电缆 ,海底电缆 3.电报 v.拍电报burn [b?:n]cake [keik]v.1.焚烧 ,烧着 2.烧毁 3.灼伤 n.烧伤 ,灼伤n.饼 ,糕 ,蛋糕burst [b?:st]calculate ['k?lkjuleit]v./n.爆炸 ,爆裂v.1.计算 ,核算 2.计划 ,打算bury ['beri]calendar ['k?lind ?]v.1.埋葬 ,葬 2.掩埋 ,埋藏n.日历 ,月历bus [b?s]call [k ?:l]n.公共汽车v.1.叫做 ,称为 2.叫,喊 3.打电话给 n.1.呼喊 , bush [bu?]n.灌木 ,灌木丛喊叫 2.接见 3.(一次 )电话 ,通电话business ['biznis] calm [ka:m]n.1.商业 ,买卖 2.事务 a.1.沉静的 ,无风的 2.冷静的 ,镇定的 v.使沉静 ,busy ['bizi]使镇定a.忙的 ,繁忙的 ,繁忙的camel ['k?m ?l]but [b?t]n.骆驼conj. 但是 ,但是 ,但是 prep.[ 常用于 nobody, all,camera ['k?m ?r?]who 等词后边 ] 除以外n.照相机.. camp [k?mp]n.野营 ,阵营 ,账篷 v.设营 ,宿营campaign [k?m'pein]n.战斗 ,运动campus ['k?mp ?s]n.(大学 )校园can [k?n,k ?n]aux.v.1.能 ,会 2.能够 3.可能 n.罐头Canada ['k?n ?d?]n.加拿大Canadian [k ?'neidj ?n]a.1.加拿大的 2.加拿大人的n.加拿大人canal [k ?'n?l]n.运河；水道；管道；浇灌沟渠cancel ['k?ns ?l]n.1.撤消，撤消 2.删去，划掉cancer ['k?ns ?]..基本的captain ['k?ptin]n.1.领袖 ,领袖 2.船长 ,舰长 3.队长v.带领 ,指挥capture ['k?pt ??]v./n.捕捉 ,俘获car [ka:]n.汽车 ,轿车carbon ['ka:b ?n]n.碳card [ka:d]n.卡 ,卡片 ,名片 ,信用卡care [k ε?]v.1.关心 ,介怀 2.喜爱 ,愿意n.1.当心 ,注意2.照顾 ,关心career [k ?'ri?]n.癌n.生涯 ,职业 ,经历candidate ['k?ndidit] careful ['k ε?ful]n.1.候选人 ,候补者 2.投考者 ,申恳求职者 a.当心的 ,认真的candle ['k?ndl] careless ['k ε?lis]n.蜡烛 a.马虎的 ,大意的cap [k?p] cargo ['ka:g?u]n.1.帽子 ,便帽 2.帽状物，盖，套，罩n.船货 ,货物capable ['keip ?bl] carpet ['ka:pit]a.有能力的，有才能的n.地毯capacity [k ?'p?siti] carry ['k?ri]n.1.容量，容积 2.能力v.1.运送 ,运载 ,携带 2.传递 ,输送capital ['k?pitl] cart [ka:t]n.1.资本 ,资本 2.国都 3.大写字母 a.主要的 , n.大车 ,手推车....case [keis]n.天花板n.1.状况 ,事实 2.病例 3.案件 4.箱,盒 ,容器celebrate ['selibreit]cash [k? ?]v.庆贺n.钱 ,现款cell [sel]cassette [k ?'set， k?'set] n.1.细胞 2.小室 3.电池cent [sent]n.盒式录音带n.1.分 ,分币 2.百（仅用于百分比per cent 一cast [ka:st]v.1.投 ,扔 ,抛 2.浇铸 ,锻造词中）castle ['ka:sl] centimeter ['senti,mi:t ?]n.城堡n.厘米 ,公分cat [k?t] central ['sentr?l]n.猫 a.1.中央的 ,中心的 2.主要的 ,起支配作用的catalog ['k?t ?l?:g] centre ['sent?](=catalogue)n. 目录 ,目录簿 (或册 )v.1. 将 ...编n.中心 ,中央 v.集中century ['sent?uri]入目录 2.将 (书本、资料等 )编目分类n.世纪 ,百年catch [k?t ?]ceremony ['serim ?ni]v.1.捉住，逮住，抓住 2.追上 ,追上 3.听清楚 ,n.1.典礼 , 仪式 2.礼仪 ,礼仪领悟 4.染上 ,感染certain ['s?:t?n]cattle ['k?tl]a.1.的确的 ,无疑的 2.必定的 ,必然的 3.某 ,某n.牛一cause [k ?:z]certainly ['s?:t?nli]n.1.原由 ,因由 ,原由 2.事业 (奋斗的 )目标 v.使ad.1.必然 ,必定 2.自然 ,行产生 ,惹起certificate [s?'tifikit]cave [keiv]n.证 (明 )书 ,执照n.洞窟 ,山洞chain [t ?ein]cease [si:s]n.1.链 ,链条 2.一连串 ,连串 v.用链条拴住v./n.停止 ,中断chair [t?ε?]ceiling ['si:li?]n.椅子chairman ['t?ε?mn]n.主席 ,议长 ,会长chalk [t??:k]n.白垩 ,粉笔challenge ['t??lind ?]n.挑战v.向 ...挑战champion ['t ??mpj ?n]n.冠军，得一等奖者chance [t?a:ns]n.1.时机，机会 2.可能性，有时性 3.机会，好运v.刚巧，有时发生change [t?eind?]n.1.改变，变化 2.找头，零钱v.1.改变，变化 2.换，兑换channel ['t ??nl]n.1.海峡，水道，航道2.渠道 3.频道chapter ['t??pt ?]n.章，回，篇character ['k?rikt ?]n.1.性格，质量 2.特征，特点 3.人物，角色 4.(书写或印刷 )符号， (汉 )字characteristic [,k?rikt ?'ristik]a.独有的，典型的n.特征，特点charge[t ?a:d?]v.1.索价，要 ...支付 2.指控，指控 3.充电n.1.价钱，花费 2.指控，指控 3.电荷，充电chart [t?a:t] n.图，图表cheap [t?i:p]a.1.低价的，廉价的 2.低质的，低质的cheat [t?i:t]v.欺骗，欺骗行为n.1.欺骗，欺骗行为 2.骗子check [t?ek]v.1.检查 ,查对 2.遏止 n.1.检查，查对 2.支票 , 账单cheer [t ?i?]v.1.使振奋 ,使快乐 2.喝彩 ,喝采 n.振奋 ,喝彩 , 喝采cheerful ['t?i?ful]a.快乐的 ,快乐的chemical ['kemik ?l]a.化学的 n.化学制品chemist ['kemist]n.化学家 ,药剂师chemistry ['kemistri]n.化学cheque [t?ek]n.支票chest [t?est]n.1.胸 ,胸腔 2.柜子 ,橱chicken ['t?ikin]n.小鸡 ,鸡肉chief [t?i:f]n.领袖 a.首要的child [t?aild]n.少儿 ,少儿childhood ['t ?aildhud]n.童年 ,幼年chin [t?in]n.下巴 ,颏China ['t?ain ?]n.1.中国 2.[china]Chinese [`t ?ai'ni:z]a.1.中国的 ,中国人的 2.中国话的 ,汉语的 n.1. 中国人 2.中国话 ,汉语chocolate ['t??k?lit]n.1.巧克力 ,巧克力糖 2.深褐色choice [t??is]n.1.选择 ,抉择 2.供选择的品种 a.上等的 ,优选的choose [t?u:z]v.选择 ,优选Christian ['kristj ?n]n.基督教徒Christmas ['krism ?s]n.圣诞节church [t??:t?]n.1.教堂cigarette [,sig?'ret]n.(=cigaret) 香烟 ,纸烟cinema ['sinim ?]n.1.电影 2.电影院circle ['s?:kl] n.1.圆 ,圆周 2.圈子 ,阶层v.围绕 ,旋转circuit ['s?:kit]n.1.电路 ,线路 2.环行 ,巡回circumstance ['s?:k?mst?ns]n.1.环境 ,条件 ,状况 2.[pl.] 客观局势citizen ['sitizn]n.1.公民 2.市民 , 城镇居民city ['siti]n.城市 ,都市civil ['sivl]a.1.公民的 ,公民个人的 2.国内的 ,公民间的3.文明的 ,有修养的civilization[,sivilai'zei ??n]n.文明 ,文化claim [kleim]v.1.宣称 , 自称 ,主张 2.对 ...提出要求，讨取n.要求，主张，断言clap [kl?p]v.拍手， (用手 )拍，击 n.拍手，鼓掌class[kla:s]n.1.班级 2.课，上课 3.阶级，社会等级 , 级别 4.种类，门类classical ['kl?sik ?l]a.古典的，经典的classify ['kl?sifai]v.把...分类，把 ...分级classmate ['kla:smeit]n.同班同学classroom ['kla:srum]n.教室，讲堂clean [kli:n]a.洁净的，洁净的v.把 ...弄洁净，除掉 ...的污垢clear [kli ?]a.1.清楚的，清楚的 2.明朗的 3.通畅的，无阻的ad.清楚地，清楚地v.1.使清亮，使明净 2.打扫，除去clerk [kla:k]n.店员，做事员，职员clever ['klev ?]a.聪慧的，灵巧的climate ['klaimit]n.天气climb [klaim]v./n.登攀，爬clock [kl ?k]n.钟close [kl ?uz,kl ?us]v. [kl ?uz]1.关，封闭 2.结束，停止a.[kl ?us]1.亲密的，亲密的 2.近的，凑近的3.严实的4.封闭的cloth [kl ?θ]n.1.布，织物，衣料 2.(一块 )抹布clothe [kl ?ue]v.给 ...穿衣服，给 ...供给衣服clothes [kl ?uez] n.衣服clothing ['kl ?uei?]n.服饰，穿着cloud [klaud]n.1.云 2.遮暗物，暗影 3.一大群cloudy [klaudi]a.1.多云的 2.云一般的 3.模糊不清的club [kl ?b]n.1.俱乐部，夜总会 2.棍棒，球棒clue [klu:]n.线索，提示coach [k ?ut?]n.1.长途公共汽车 2.(铁路 )游客车厢 3.教练v.训练，指导coal [k ?ul]n.煤，煤块coarse[k ?:s]a.1.粗的，粗拙的 2.粗劣的 3.庸俗的coat [k ?ut]n.1.上衣，外衣 2.表皮 3.层覆盖物v.涂上，盖上cock [k ?k]n.1.公鸡 2.龙头，旋塞，阀门coffee ['k ?fi]n.咖啡coin [k ?in]n.硬币，钱币 v.铸币cold [k ?uld]a.1.冷的，严寒的 2.冷漠的n.1.冷，严寒 2.....伤风，感冒n./v.讲解，议论collar ['k ?l?] commerce ['k ?m?:s]n.1.衣领，领子 2.(狗等的 )项圈n.商业，贸易colleague ['k ?li:g] commercial [k ?'m?:??l]n.同事，同僚 a.商业的，商务的collect [k ?'lekt] commit [k ?'mit]v.1.采集，齐集 2.取，接 3.收 (账、税等 ) v.犯(罪 )，干( 坏事 )collective [k ?'lektiv] committee [k ?'miti]a.集体的，共同的 n.集体，集体n.委员会college ['k ?lid ?] common ['k ?m?n]n.大学，学院 a.1.平时的，一般的 2.共同的colour ['k?l?] communicate [k ?'mju:nikeit]n.1.颜色，彩色 2.颜料 v.给 ...着色，染色v.1.传达，流传 2.沟通，通信，社交column ['k?l?m] communication [k ?,mju:ni'kei ??n]n.1.柱，圆柱 2.柱形物 3.(数) 列 4.栏，专栏n.1.传达，通信，沟通 2.(pl.) 通信系统，交(文章 ) 通系统comb [k ?um] communism ['k?mjuniz ?m]n.梳子 v.梳理n.共产主义combine [k ?m'bain] communist ['k ?mjunist]n.联合，联合，化合n.共产主义者，共产党员 a.共产主义的，come [k ?m]共产党的v.1.来，到达，到临 2.出现于 3.变为，成为community [k ?'mju:niti]comfort ['k ?mf?t]n.1.社区，社会 2.共同体n.宽慰，酣畅 v.宽慰，慰劳，使酣畅company ['k ?mp?ni]comfortable ['k ?mf ?t?bl]n.1.公司，商号 2.伙伴，陪伴a.酣畅的，舒畅的，酣畅的comparative [k ?m'p?r ?tiv]command [k ?'ma:nd]比较的，相对的v./n.命令，指挥，控制n.掌握，运用能力compare [k ?m'p ε?]comment ['k ?ment]v.比较，比较compass ['k ?mp?s] comrade ['k ?mrid,'k ?mreid]n.1.罗盘，罗盘仪 2.[pl.] 圆规n.同志，伙伴，朋友compete [k ?m'pi:t] concentrate ['k?ns?ntreit]v.竞争，比赛v.1.集中，专心 2.会合，齐集 3.浓缩n.浓competition [,k ?mpi'ti ??n]缩物n.竞争，比赛concept ['k ?nsept]complain [k ?m'plein]n.看法，看法，思想v.诉苦，发怨言concern [k ?n's?:n]complete [k ?m'pli:t]n.1.关心，牵挂 2.关系，关系 v.1.波及，有a.完好的，完好的，圆满的 v.达成，使完对于 2.关心，牵挂美concerning [k ?n's?:ni?]complex ['k ?mpleks]prep.对于a.1.组合的 2.复杂的 n.复合体concert ['k ?ns?t]complicated ['k ?mplikeitid]n.音乐会，演奏会a.复杂的，难懂的conclude [k ?n'klu:d]compose [k ?m'p?uz]v.1.推测出，推论出 2.作出 (最后 )决定 3.结v.1.构成，构成 2.创作 (音乐，文字作品 )，束，停止为...谱曲conclusion [k ?n'klu: ??n]composition [,k ?mp?'zi??n]n.1.结论，推论 2.结束，终结n.1.构成，构成，成分 2.作文，作品，乐曲condition [k ?n'di??n]3.写作，作曲n.1.状况，状态 2.[pl.] 环境compound [k ?m'paund,'k?mpaund] conduct ['k ?nd?kt]n.化合物，复合物 a.得分的，化合的v.1. 办理，管理 2. 指挥 3.传导，传 ( 热，comprehension [,k ?mpri'hen ??n]电 )n.举止，行为n.1.理解 (力 ) 2.理解力测试conference ['k ?nf?r?ns]comprehensive [`k ?mpri'hensiv]n.(正式 )会议宽泛的，综合的confess [k ?n'fes]computer [k ?m'pju:t ?]v.坦率 ,招供 ,认可n.计算机，电脑confidence ['k ?nfid ?ns] conservative [k ?n's?:v?tiv]n.1.相信，信心，自信 2.私下里说的话 a.保守的 ,保守的 ,传统的 n.保守的人 ,反对进confident ['k ?nfid ?nt]步的人a.确信的 ,自信的consider [k ?n'sid?]confirm [k ?n'f?:m]v.1.认为 ,把 ...看作 2.考虑 ,细想 3.关心 ,考虑到v.1.证明 ,必定 ,确定 2.坚固 ,增强 3.赞成 ,确认considerable [k ?n'sid?r ?bl]conflict ['k ?nflikt,k ?n'flikt]a.1.相当大的 2.值得考虑的n./v.矛盾 ,反抗 ,战斗consist [k?n'sist]confuse [k ?n'fju:z]v.1.(of) 构成 ,构成 2.(in) 存于 ,存在于v.使杂乱 ,混杂constitution [,k ?nsti'tju: ??n]congratulate [k ?n'gr?tjuleit]n.1.章程 ,宪法 2.体质 ,素质 3.结构v.庆祝 ,向 ...道贺construction [k ?n'str?k??n]congress ['k ??gres]n.1.建筑 ,结构 2.建筑物 ,建筑物n.1.代表大会 2.国会 ,议会consult [k ?n's?lt]connect [k ?'nekt]v.1.讨教 ,向 ...咨询，找 ...商议 2.查阅，查察v.连结，连结，联系consume [k ?n'sju:m]conquer ['k ??k?]v.耗费，花销v.1.攻陷 ,征服 2.破除 ,战胜contact ['k ?nt?kt]conscious ['k?n??s]v./n.接触，联系，交往a.1.意识到的 ,自觉的 2.存心的 ,存心的 3.神志contain [k ?n'tein]清醒的v.1.包含，容纳 2.相当于 ,折合consent [k ?n'sent] content ['k ?ntent]n.赞成 ,同意 v.(to) 赞成 ,同意n.1.[pl] 内容consequence ['k ?nsikw ?ns] contest [k ?n'test,'k?ntest]n.结果 ,结果n. ['k?ntest]竞争 ,比赛 ,比赛 v. [k ?n'test]比赛 ,consequently ['k ?nsikw ?ntli]比赛 ,争辩ad.所以 ,所以continent ['k ?ntin ?nt]conservation [,k ?ns?'vei??n]n.大陆 ,洲n.1.保留 ,保护 2.守恒 ,不灭continual [k ?n'tinju ?l]cook [kuk]a.从不中断的，不断的v.烹饪 ,煮 ,烧 n.厨子 ,炊事员continue [k ?n'tinju:]cool [ku:l]v.延长 ,连续 ,坚持下去a.1.凉的 ,凉爽的 2.沉着的 ,冷漠的 v.使变凉 , continuous [k?n'tinju ?s]a.不断延长的 ,连续不断的使沉着下来contract ['k ?ntr?kt,k ?n'tr?kt] cooperate [k ?u'?p?reit]n. ['k ?ntr?kt]( 承包 ) 合同 .( 承包 ) 契约vi. 合作 ,协作 ,配合cope [k ?up]v.[k?n'tr?kt]1. 订合同 ,订契约 2.使减小 ,使收v.(with)1. 竞争 ,抗衡 2.对付 ,妥当办理缩copper ['k ?p?]contrary ['k ?ntr?ri]n.1.铜 2.铜制品 ,铜币a.相反的 ,抗衡的 n.相反 ,相反事物 ,对峙面copy ['k ?pi]contrast ['k ?ntra:st,k?n'tra:st]n.1.抄件 ,副本 2.(一) 本 ,(一)份 v.抄录 ,复印 ,临v.['k?n'tra:st]1. 对照 ,比较 2.形成对照 ,对照之摹下显出差异core [k ?:]n.['k ?ntra:st] 对照 ,比较 v.形成对照 ,对照之下n.1.果心 2.核心 ,最重要部分 ,重点corn [k ?:n]显出差异n.谷物 ,小麦 ,玉米contribute [k ?n'tribju:t]corner ['k ?:n?]v.1.捐赠 ,捐助 ,贡献 2.投稿n.1.角 ,墙角 2.街角 ,弯角control [k ?n'tr?ul]corporation [,k ?:p?'rei??n]v./n.1.控制 ,支配 2.控制 ,克制n.公司convenient [k ?n'vi:nj ?nt]correct [k?'rekt]a.省力的 ,方便的a.1.正确的 ,对的 2.适合的 ,得体的 v.更正 ,纠conversation [,k ?nv?'sei??n]n.(友善 ,随意的 )发言 ,会话正convey [k ?n'vei] correspond [,k ?ri'sp?nd]v.1.传递 ,传达 ,表达 2.运送 ,输送v.1.(to, with) 相切合 ,成一致 2.(to) 相当 ,相类convince [k ?n'vins]似 3.(with) 通信v.使确信 ,使服气。
广州航海学院2018年专插本考试大纲_《英语写作》
《英语写作》一、考试内容及要求本次考试内容包括按商务英语专业本科教学大纲（二年级）要求开设的《基础英语写作》与《商务英语写作》两门课程的主要内容。
《基础英语写作》课程要求学生能正确使用标点符号、有选词造句和段落拓展的能力；《商务英语写作》课程要求学生能正确使用常用商务术语与句型，按照商务规范，写作各类日常商务信函的能力。
作文要求内容切题、条理清楚、结构严谨、语法正确、语言通顺、表达得体。
二、考试形式及试卷结构本次考试为闭卷、笔试。
考试时间为120分钟；试卷满分为100分。
共有7个部分：1. Choose the right word to complete the following sentences. (10%)1)测试要求：掌握英语专业基础阶段所需词汇，能正确选词准确表达意思。
2)测试形式：选择题。
要求考生从所给近形词或近义词中选出一个恰当的词来完成句子。
共10小题，每小题1 分。
3)测试目的：主要测试学生在基础阶段应该掌握的词汇运用能力。
2. Correct or improve the following sentences. (15%)1)测试要求：掌握基本的英语词法和句法，能正确造句有效表达意思。
2)测试形式：更正或改进句子。
要求考生对所给句子进行分析，先判断句子的正误或优劣，然后进行更正或改进。
共15小题，每小题1 分。
3)测试目的：主要测试学生在基础阶段应该掌握的选词造句能力。
3. Develop the given topic sentence into a unified and coherent paragraph. (15%)1)测试要求：掌握常用段落写作方法，能根据所给主题句写作内容一致、意思连贯、行文规范的英语段落。
2)测试形式：段落写作。
要求考生对所给主题句进行分析，先确定段落拓展方法，然后进行段落写作。
共1小题，共15 分。
3)测试目的：主要测试学生在基础阶段应该掌握的段落写作能力。
2018考研英语(二)考试大纲.doc
2017考研英语（二）考试大纲现在基于最新大纲和历年真题命题规律，对2017年考研英语的考查要求和试卷结构进行全而分析。
语法部分英语（二）考试大纲仍然列出了八个要考查的语法点：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
这说明，与英语（一）相比，英语（二）对语法的考查范围相对较小，更加注重基础。
明确了大纲要求，同学们复习起来会更加有的放矢。
就语言技能而言，与去年大纲相比，2017年大纲没有任何变化，继续突岀阅读和写作的重要性，关于阅读，英语（二）大纲明确了考查文章的题材、体裁和阅读能力要求;关于写作，英语（二）大纲要求〃根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作〃，考牛需要达到的标准是〃思想明确，切中题意，结构清晰，条理清楚，用词恰当，无明显语言错误〃，这些属于最基本的写作要求。
总的來说，上述语言知识和语言技能仍然是研究生入学英语考试的主要测评目标。
对比往年考点，接下来根据2017年新大纲，万学•海文为大家全面解析2017年考研英语（二）的各个具体题型的总体要求和备考重点：完形填空完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。
透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。
考牛可从历年真题中按照这儿大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以起到事半功倍的效果。
同吋考虑到完形填空在历年考研中得分较低，考生解答完形填空题吋，要多从上下文的角度来考虑，并运用逻辑推理，大到对文章整体，小到对句子之间和句子内部综合把握。
2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文
2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文(非英语专业)(2018年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。
2018年专插本英语真题解析
2018年专插本英语真题解析⼴东省2018年普通⾼等学校本科插班⽣招⽣考试《公共英语》试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Direction: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.Hearing that he had passed_____health examination, he immediately made_____call to his parents.A. a; /B. the; /C. the; aD. a; the考点：冠词。
答案：C句意：⼀听到通过了健康测试，他就⽴马给⽗母打了电话。
解析：英语中，冠词分为三类，共4个，分别是：①不定冠词a和an；②定冠词the；③零冠词（即选项的“/”或“不填”）。
a和an 表泛指，多⽤于⾸次提到的⼈或事物前；the表特指，多⽤于特指已知的⼈或物，或重新指上⽂提到过的⼈或事物，或表⽰世上独⼀⽆⼆的事物等。
零冠词多⽤于专有名词、抽象名词、三餐、球类、星期、职务、头衔等前。
结合句意，第⼀空表特指，指双⽅都知道的“考试”，故第⼀空⽤the；排除A和D，剩B和C。
第⼆空，打电话，固定短语为“make a call”，表泛指，⾸次提到，⽤不定冠词a/an，即排除B。
综上所述，选C。
2._____you are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. Whoever考点：让步状语从句。
2018年高考英语考试大纲
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2. 重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3. 读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4. 语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2. 代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3. 数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10. 时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15. 句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1.社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation) 3. 情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance) 6. 存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66)目的(Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1.个人情况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活动(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School life)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表A accommodation n a(an) art accompany v abandon v accomplish v ability n account nable a accountant n abnormal a accumulate v aboard prep accuracy n abolish v accurate a abortion n accuse vabout ad & prep accustomed a above prep,a & ad ache v & n abroad ad achieve v abrupt a achievement n absence n acid aabsent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire v abstract a & n acquisition n absurd a acre n abundant a across prep abuse v act n & v academic a & n action n academy n active a accelerate v activity n accent n actor n accept v actress n access n & v actual a accessible a acute a accident n AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive a admit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement n adopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture nadult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS n adventure n aim n & v advertise v air n advertisement n aircraft nadvice n airline nadvise v airmail n advocate v airplane naffair n airport naffect v airspace n affection n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance nall ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse valone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote nalso ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium anniversary n (Am aluminum) n announce v always ad annoy vam v(be) annual aa.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n & v amaze v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad & a area n apartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army n appendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement n apple n arrest v applicant n arrival n application n arrive vapply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n & v as ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n author nassist v authority nassistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous aassociate v autumn nassociation n available aassume v avenue nassumption n average a & nastonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award nastronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n awesome aathletic a awful aAtlantic a awkward aatmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v & n bachelor nattain v back ad,a & nattempt v & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball nbadminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1 nbar n bear2 vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & n bare a beautiful abargain n & v beauty nbark v & n because conjbarrier n become(became,become) v base n bed nbaseball n beddings nbasement n bedroom nbasic a bee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird nbehaviour(Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday nbeing n birthplace nbelief n biscuit nbelieve v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & nbelt n blackboard n bench n blame n & vbend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed vbenefit n & v bless vbent a & n blind abeside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood nbetray v blouse n between prep blow(blew,blown) v beyond prep blue n & a bicycle n board n & vbid v & n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken) v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a bring(brought,brought) v boundary n broad abow v & n broadcast(broadcast,bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffet n cafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & vburden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel nburglar n camera nburn(burnt,burnt camp n & v或-ed,-ed) v & n campaign nburst v can1(could);bury v can’t=cannot modal vbus n can2 nbush n canal nbusiness n cancel vbusinessman/woman cancer n(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy a candle nbut conj & prep candy nbutcher n & v canteen nbutter n cap nbutterfly n capital nbutton n & v capsule nbuy(bought,bought) v captain nby prep caption nbye int car ncarbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecarrier n (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate n cassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a (pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance ncater v change n & v Catholic a changeable acattle n channel ncause n & v chant v & ncaution n chaos ncautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compact disk n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar ncheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check) n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children) n classroom n childhood n claw n chocolate n clay n choice n clean v & a choir n cleaner n choke n & v clear a choose(chose,chosen) v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate nclimb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee nclub n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company ncoffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate v coke n compete vcold a & n competence n collar n competition n colleague n complete a & v collect v complex a & n collection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour(Am color) n & v compromise v comb n & v compulsory a combine v computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1 n conference n content2 a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient a consequence n conventional a conservation n conversation n conservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n & v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool acopy n & v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v & a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria) n correspond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & vcotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine ncountry n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n courage n cure n & vcourse n curious acourt n currency n courtyard n curriculum n cousin n curtain ncover n & v cushion ncow n custom ncrash v & n customer ncrayon n customs ncrazy a cut(cut,cut) v & n cream n cycle vcreate v cyclist ndeclare vD decline vdad=daddy n decorate vdaily a,ad & n decoration ndam n decrease vdamage n & v deed ndamp a & n deep a & addance n & v deer ndanger n defeat v dangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree ndarkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand vdeadline n dentist ndeaf a department(Dept.) n deal n departure ndear a depend vdeath n deposit v & n debate n & v depth ndebt n describe vdecade n description n decide v desert v & n decision n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount n differ v discourage v difference n discover v different a discovery n difficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug) v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish ndisk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant a distinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict n disturbv disturbing adive v diverse a divide vdivision ndivorce v dizzya do(did,done)v doctor n document n dogndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback n drawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect vdynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic aeach a & pron elegant aeager a elephant neagle n else adear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass vearn v embassy nearth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ vEaster n empty aeastern a encourage veasy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten) v end n & vecology n ending nedge n endless aedition n enemy neditor n energetic a educate v energy n education n engine n educator n engineer neffect n enjoy veffort n enjoyable aegg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a & ad either a,conj & ad enquiry nelder n enter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence nentire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination n environment n examine venvy v & n example nequal a & v excellent a equality n except prepequip v exchange n & v equipment n excite veraser n excuse n & verror n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist vespecially ad existence nessay n exit nEurope n expand v European a & n expect vevaluate v expectation neven ad expense nevening n expensive aevent n experience n eventually ad experiment never ad expert nevery a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n & v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthestexpress v & n 或further,furthest) a & ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nextraordinary a fast a & adextreme a fasten veye n fat n & aeyesight n father nfault nF favour(Am favor) nface n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & vfact n fear nfactory n feast nfade v feather nfail v & n federal afailure n fee nfair1 a feed(fed,fed) vfair2 n feel(felt,felt) vfaith n feeling nfall1(fell,fallen) v fellow nfall2(Am)=autumn n female a & nfalse a fence nfamiliar a ferry nfamily n festival n & afamous a fetch vfan n fever nfancy n,v & a few pron & afibre(Am fiber) n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) vfield n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n & v flight nfigure n & v float vfile n flood n & vfill v floor nfilm n & v flour nfinal a flow vfinance n flower nfind(found,found) v flu nfine1 a fluency nfine2 v fluent afinger n fly1(flew,flown) v fingernail n fly2 nfinish v & n focus v & nfire n & v fog nfireworks n foggy afirm1 n fold vfirm2 a folk n & afish n & v follow vfisherman n fond afist n food nfit a & v fool n & vfix v foolish aflag n foot(pl feet) nflame n football nflash n for prep & conj flashlight n forbid(forbade,forbidden) v flat1 a force vforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly a forever ad friendship n forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven) v from prepfork n front a & nform n & v frontier nformat n frost nformer a fruit nfortnight n fry vfortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & afoster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny afragile a fur nfragrant a furnished a framework n furniture nfranc n future nfree afreedom n Gfreeway n gain vfreeze(froze,frozen) v gallery n freezing a gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best) agay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese) n generation n govern vgenerous a government ngentle a grade ngentleman n gradual ageography n graduate vgeometry n graduation ngesture n grain nget(got,got) v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl n granddaughter ngive(gave,given) v grandma=grandmother n glad a grandpa=grandfather n glance v grandparents nglare v grandson nglass n granny nglobe n grape nglory n graph nglove n grasp vgrass n hair ngrateful a haircut ngravity n half a & ngreat a & ad hall ngreedy a ham ngreen a & n hamburger n greengrocer n hammer ngreet v hand n & vgreeting n handbag ngrey(Am gray) a handful ngrill n handkerchief ngrocer n handle n & vgrocery n handsome aground n handwriting ngroup n handy agrow(grew,grown) v hang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v growth n happen vguarantee v happiness nguard n happy aguess v harbour(Am harbor) n guest n hard ad & aguidance n hardly adguide n hardship nguilty a hardworking aguitar n harm n & vgun n harmful agym=gymnasium n harmony ngymnastics n harvest n & vhat nH hatch vhabit n hate v & nhave(has,had,had) v hide(hid,hidden) vhe pron high a & adhead n & v highway nheadache n hill nheadline n him pron headmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire vhealth n his pronhealthy a history nhear(heard,heard) v hit(hit,hit) v & n hearing n hobby nheart n hold(held,held) vheat n hole nheaven n holiday nheavy a holy aheel n home n & adheight n homeland n helicopter n hometown nhello int homework nhelmet n honest ahelp n & v honey nhelpful a honour(Am honor) n & v hen n hook n & vher pron hope n & vherb n hopeful ahere ad hopeless ahero n horrible ahers pron horse nherself pron hospital nhesitate v host n & vhi int hostess nhot a identity n hotdog n identification n hotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal ahow ad illness n however ad & conj imagine v howl v immediately ad hug v immigration n huge a import v & n human a & n importance n human being n important a humorous a impossible a humour(Am humor) n impress v hunger n impression n hungry a improve v hunt v in prep & ad hunter n inch n hurricane n incident n hurry v include vhurt(hurt,hurt) v income n husband n increase v & n hydrogen n indeed aindependence n I independent a I pron indicate vice n industry nice-cream n influence n & v idea n inform vinformation n interval ninitial a interview n & vinjure v into prepinjury n introduce vink n introduction ninn n invent vinnocent a invention ninsect n invitation ninsert v invite vinside prep & ad iron n & vinsist v irrigation ninspect v is v(be)inspire v island ninstant a it proninstead ad its proninstitute n itself proninstitution ninstruct v Jinstruction n jacket ninstrument n jam ninsurance n jar ninsure v jaw nintelligence n jazz nintend v jeans nintention n jeep ninterest n jet ninteresting a jewellery(Am jewelry) n international a job nInternet n jog vinterpreter n join vinterrupt v joke njournalist n kiss n & vjourney n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n & v knee njudgement knife(pl knives) n (Am judgment) n knock n & vjuice n know(knew,known) v jump n & v knowledge njungle njunior a Ljust a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour(Am labor) nlack n & vK lady nkangaroo n lake nkeep(kept,kept) v lamb nkettle n lame akey n lamp nkeyboard n land n & vkick v & n language nkid n lantern nkill v lap nkilo n large akilogram n last a & v kilometre(Am kilometer) n late a & adkind1 n latter nkind2 a laugh n & v kindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry nking n law nkingdom n lawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)v least nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library nlicense nlid nlie1 n & v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) n lift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & a lively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & v lonely along a & ad look n & v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost) v manage vloss n manager nlot n mankind nloud a manner nlounge n many(more,most) pron & a love n & v map nlovely a maple nlow a & ad marathon nluck n marble nlucky a march n & vluggage n mark n & vlunch n market nlung n marriage nmarry vM mask n & vmachine n mass nmad a master v & nmadam/madame n mat nmagazine n match v & nmagic a material nmaid n mathematicsmail n & v =math/maths nmailbox n matter n & vmain a mature amainland n maximum a & nmajor a may modal vmajority n maybe admake1 n me pronmake2(made,made) v meal nmale a & n mean(meant,meant) v man(pl men) n meaning nmeans n microwave nmeanwhile ad middle nmeasure v midnight nmeat n might modal vmedal n mild amedia n mile nmedical a milk n & vmedicine n millimetremedium n (Am millimeter) nmeet(met,met) v & n millionaire nmeeting n mind n & vmelon n mine1 n & vmember n mine2 pronmemorial n & a mineral nmemory n minibus nmend v minimum amental a minister nmention n & v ministry nmenu n minority nmerchant a & n minus prep & amerciful a minute nmercy n mirror nmerely ad miss1 nmerry a miss2 vmess n missile nmessage n mist nmessy a mistakemetal n & a (mistook,mistaken) v & n method n mistaken ametre(Am meter) n misunderstandmicroscope n (misunderstood,misunderstood) v。
安徽合肥皖智教育2018春季高考研讨会英语学科2018大纲解读以及命题趋势
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语） 2018考试大纲解读及高考命题趋势分析
考核目标与要求解读
二、语言运用 1．听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）获取具体的、事实性信息； （3）对所听内容做出推断； （4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语） 2018考试大纲解读及高考命题趋势分析
考核目标与要求解读
【解读】 全国卷听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共15小题。考 生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式)和5段较长的对话 或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节的5个 小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和 计算的能力；第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考 生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话 的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断，理解说话者 的意图、观点或态度等。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语）
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的 主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会 了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读 者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。 2. 理解文中具体信息
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语） 2018考试大纲解读及高考命题趋势分析
考核目标与要求解读
2．阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及 公告、说明、广告等， 并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2018年英语二考研大纲(精品文档).doc
文档下载后可编辑全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2018年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
广州航海学院2018年专插本考试大纲_《英语语法》
⼴州航海学院2018年专插本考试⼤纲_《英语语法》《英语语法》⼀、考试内容及要求本次考试内容包括按照商务英语专业本科教学⼤纲（⼆年级）要求开设的《英语语法》课程的主要内容。
《英语语法》课程要求学⽣掌握基本的语法知识，并运⽤所学知识进⾏阅读与写作，能正确理解句⼦和⽂章，能⽤语法正确的英语进⾏书⾯和⼝头表达。
⼆、考试形式及试卷结构本次考试为闭卷、笔试。
考试时间为120分钟；试卷满分为100分。
共有5个部分。
题型与分值⽐例如下：1. 综合选择填空题（25%）；主要考查学⽣对整个语法知识的系统掌握情况。
2. 错误辨认题（20%）；主要考查学⽣对句⼦结构的辨别能⼒以及排除母语⼲扰的能⼒。
3. 完型填空题（30%）；主要考查学⽣综合运⽤语⾔的能⼒。
4. 句⼦改写题（20%）；主要考查学⽣对句⼦结构的掌握、运⽤能⼒。
5. 问题回答题（5%）；主要考查学⽣的理解分析能⼒。
三、考试参考书⽬《新编英语语法教程》（第五版）章振邦编，上海外语教育出版社2013年4⽉。
四、题型及⽰例⼴州航海学院XXXX年本科插班⽣考试试卷英语语法（A）（考试时间：120分钟）I．Sentence Completion (25%) （综合选择填空题）Questions 1-- 25 are incomplete sentences. Below each sentence are four choices, marked A, B, C, D. You should find the choice which best completes the sentence. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. Examples：1. After _____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.A. thatB. thereC. whatD. it2. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country_____ by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately capturedII．Error Identification (20%) (错误辨认题)a)Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. Theunderlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. You are to identify theone underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten. Then, onyour answer sheet, find the number of the problem and mark your answer.(10%)Example：I feared that my chances of landing the job was slim without aA Bdegree and with no experience of teaching.C Db)In each of the following ten groups of sentences, choose the one sentence that isgrammatically INCORRECT. Mark the answer sheet with the letter of theincorrect sentence. (10%)Example：A. You’d not better come ins ide.B. You’d better come inside.C. You’d better not come inside.D. The narrow, sunless hall smelled of stale cabbage.III．Cloze test (30%) (完型填空题)For each blank in the following paragraph, four choices are provided. Choose the one with the right tense, and mark it in your answer sheet. (10%, 1% each)Example：In 1884 scientists __1__ the world into 24 time zones. These __2__ on an imaginary line running through Greenwich Observatory, which __3__ in southeast London, England.The time in the zone containing Greenwich __4__ Greenwich Mean Time.1. A. divide B. dividesC. dividingD. divided2. A. was based B. were basedC. has basedD. based3. A. are B. haveC. hasD. is4. A. is called B. calledC. callingD. callsIV．Sentence Rewriting (30%) (句⼦改写题)Example：Written in large letters, they read the word “Beware”.(Avoid the dangling participle construction)V．Questions to be answered (5%) (问题回答题)Examples: Tell the different connotation of the following pair of sentences.1. a) She will go with you.b) She is going to go with you.2. a) I ate the apples.b) I have eaten the apples.。
2018年高考英语考试大纲
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读（1（2（3（4（5（63（1（24（1（2（3（4附录1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音附录2语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略(23)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likesanddislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(63)差别比较(Comparativeandsuperlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)10.逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)(65)原因和结果(Causeandeffect)(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表3.周围的环境(Personalenvironments)4.日常活动(Dailyroutines)5.学校生活(Schoollife)6.兴趣与爱好(Interestsandhobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)9.计划与愿望(Plansandintentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Foodanddrink)13.健康(Health)附录5 词汇表A accommodation n a(an) art accompany v abandon v accomplish v ability n account n able a accountant naccelerate v activity n accent n actor n accept v actress n access n&v actual a accessible a acute a accident n AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a&n addicted a after ad,prep&conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) adadvice n airline nadvise v airmail n advocate v airplane naffair n airport naffect v airspace n affection n alarm n&valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a&n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance n all ad,a&pron America n(Am aluminum)n announce v always ad annoy vam v(be) annual aa.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a&pron amateur a answer n&v amaze v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron&a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch napply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n&v as ad,conj&prepash n attend v ashamed a attention n Asia n attitude n Asian a&n attract vaside ad attraction n ask v attractive a asleep a audience natmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v&n bachelor n attain v back ad,a&n attempt v&n background nbackward(s)ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria)n basket nbad(worse,worst)a basketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbark v&n because conjbarrier n become(became,become)v base n bed nbaseball n beddings nbasement n bedroom nbasic a bee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun)v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird nbetray v blouse n between prep blow(blew,blown)v beyond prep blue n&a bicycle n board n&vbid v&n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb n&v brake n&vbond n&v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n&v bravery nboom n&v bread nbowl n broadcast或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n&abrunch n Cbrush v&n cab n Buddhism n cabbage n budget n cafe n buffet n cafeteria n build(built,built)v cage n building n cake nbutterfly n capital n button n&v capsule n buy(bought,bought)v captain n by prep caption n bye int car ncarbon ncard n ceiling ncare n&v celebrate v careful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecattle n channel ncause n&v chant v&n caution n chaos n cautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compactdisk n characteristic a&ncharge v&n Christmas n chart n church n chat n&v cigar n cheap a cigarette n cheat n&v cinema n check n&v circle n&v cheek n circuit nchoir n cleaner n choke n&v clear a choose(chose,chosen)v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate nclimb v come(came,come)v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a&ad command n&v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial acollection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour(Am color)n&v compromise v comb n&v compulsory a combine v computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v&n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume vconservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n&v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool acopy n&v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v&a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria)n correspond v crop ncow n custom ncrash v&n customer n crayon n customs ncrazy a cut(cut,cut) v&n cream n cycle vcreate v cyclist ndeclare vD decline v dad=daddy n decorate v daily a,ad&n decoration n dam n decrease v damage n&v deed n damp a&n deep a&addeath n deposit v&n debate n&v depth n debt n describe v decade n description n decide v desert v&n decision n deserve vdesign v&n dilemma n desire v&n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma ndifficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug) v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish ndisk=disc n dislik e v dismiss v dista nce n distant a dist inction n distingu ish v distribute v d istrict n disturb v d isturbing a dive v downstairs ad downtown ad,n&a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n&vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) vdumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digitalversatiledisk n elect vdynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic a each a&pron elegant aeager a elephant neffect n enjoy veffort n enjoyable aegg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a&ad either a,conj&ad enquiry nelder n enter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence n entire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact a envelope n exam=examination neventually ad experiment n ever ad expert nevery a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n&v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthest express v&n 或further,furthest) a&ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nfalse a fence nfamiliar a ferry nfamily n festival n&afamous a fetch vfan n fever nfancy n,v&a few pron&afibre(Am fiber)n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) vfield n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n&v flight nfigure n&v float vfile n flood n&vfix v foolish aflag n foot(pl feet)nflame n football nflash n for prep&conj flashlight n forbid(forbade,forbidden)v flat1 a force vforecast n&v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly a forever ad friendship nfranc n future nfree afreedom n Gfreeway n gain vfreeze(froze,frozen)v gallery n freezing a gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god n garment n gold n&agas n golden aglance v grandparents n glare v grandson n glass n granny n globe n grape nglory n graph nglove n grasp vgrass n hair n grateful a haircut n gravity n half a&n great a&ad hall n greedy a ham n green a&n hamburger n greengrocer n hammer ngun n harmful a gym=gymnasium n harmony n gymnastics n harvest n&vhat nH hatch v habit n hate v&nhave(has,had,had) v hide(hid,hidden) v he pron high a&adhead n&v highway n headache n hill nheadline n him pron headmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire vhere ad hopeless ahero n horrible ahers pron horse nherself pron hospital n hesitate v host n&vhi int hostess nhot a identity n hotdog n identification n hotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal aindependence nI independent a I pron indicate vice n industry nice-cream n influence n&v idea n inform vinformation n interval ninitial a interview n&v injure v into prepinjury n introduce vink n introduction ninn n invent vinnocent a invention ninterest n jet ninteresting a jewellery(Am jewelry)n international a job nInternet n jog vinterpreter n join vinterrupt v joke njournalist n kiss n&vjourney n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n&v knee n judgement knife(pl knives) n (Am judgment) n knock n&vjuice n know(knew,known)vkind1 n latter nkind2 a laugh n&v kindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry nking n law nkingdom n lawyer nlay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v&n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learntlibrarian n library n license nlid nlie1 n&v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) n lift v&nlight n,v&a lightning n like v&prep likely alock n&v lonely along a&ad look n&v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost) v manage vloss n manager nlot n mankind nloud a manner nlounge n many(more,most) pron&a love n&v map nlovely a maple nmajor a may modalvmajority n maybe admake1 n me pronmake2(made,made)v meal nmale a&n mean(meant,meant) v man(pl men) n meaning nmeans n microwave nmeanwhile ad middle nmeasure v midnight nmeat n might modalvmedal n mild amedia n mile nmedical a milk n&vmessage n mist nmessy a mistakemetal n&a (mistook,mistaken)v&n method n mistaken ametre(Am meter) n misunderstandmicroscope n (misunderstood,misunderstood)vmix v mourn v mixture n mouse(pl mice) n mobile a moustache n model n mouth n modem n move v modern a movement n modest a movie nmotivation nmotor n Nmotorcycle n nail nmotto n name n&v mountain n narrow a mountainous a nation nnational a nice a nationality n niece n nationwide ad night nnative a no ad&anatural a No.=number n nature n noble anavy n nobody n&pronnetwork n novel nnever ad novelist nnew a now adnews n nowadays ad newspaper n nowhere ad next a&ad nuclear anumb a O.K. adnumber n old anurse n Olympic(s) a&n nursery n on prep&adnut n once n,ad&conj nutrition n one prononeself pronofficial n&a order n&v offshore a ordinary aoften ad organ noh int organise(Am organize)v oil n&v organisationoilfield n (Am organization)norigin n oxygen n other pron&aotherwise ad Pought modalv pace nour pron Pacific a ours pron pack n&v ourselves pron package noverweight a parallel a&n owe v parcel n own a&v pardon n owner n parent n ownership n park1 nox(pl oxen) n park2 vparking n pear n parrot n pedestrian n part n,a&v pen n participate v pence n particular a pencil n partly ad penny n partner n pension nP.C.=personalcomputer n personally ad P.E.=physicaleducation n persuade v pea n pest n peace n pet n peaceful a petrol n peach n phenomenon(pl phenomena) n place n&vphone=telephone n&v plain aphoto=photograph n plan n&vphotograph n plane nphotographer n planet nphrase n plant v&nphysical a plastic aping-pong n poisonous apink a&n pole npint n police npioneer n policeman/womanpipe n (pl policemen/policewomen)n pity n policy npolish v postman(pl postmen) n polite a postpone vpolitical a pot npolitician n potato npolitics n potential apollute v pound npollution n pour vpost1 n prepare vpost2 v&n prescription n postage n present1 a&v postcard n present2 npostcode n presentation nposter n preserve vpresident n progress n&v press1 v prohibit v press2 n project n pressure n promise n&v pretend v promote v pretty a pronounce v prevent v pronunciation nproduct n punishment n production n pupil n profession n purchase v professor n pure aprofit n purple n&a programme(Am program)n purpose npurse n radium npush n&v rag nput(put,put) v rail npuzzle n railway n pyramid n rain n&vrainbow nQ raincoat nrabbit n ready arace v&n real aracial a realise(Am realize)v radiation n reality nradio n really ad radioactive a reason v&nreasonable a regret n&v rebuild(rebuilt,rebuilt)v regular a receipt n regulation n receive v reject v receiver n relate v recent a relation n reception n relationship nrefresh v replace v refrigerator n reply n&v refuse v report n&v regard v&n reporter n regardless a represent v register n&v representative nrepublic n 或ridded,ridded) v reputation n riddle nrequest n ridiculous arequire v ride(rode,ridden) v&n requirement n right n,a&ad rescue v rigid aresearch n ring(rang,rung) v&nreward n rose nrewind v rot vrhyme n&v rough arice n round ad,prep&a rich a roundabout a&nrid(rid,rid routine nrow n&vroyal arubber nrubbish nrude arugby nruin v&n salesman/woman(pl salesmen/women)n salt nsalty asalute n&vsame n&a sand n sandwich n satellite n satisfaction n satisfy v saucer n sausage nscientist n scissors n scold v score n&v scratch v&n。
2018年英语二考研大纲
2018年英语二考研大纲D(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。
考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。
(二)考试内容试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
第二部分阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节(20小题)本节为多项选择题。
共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。
要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
每篇文章设5题，共20题。
每小题2分，共40分。
B节(5小题)本节有两种备选题型。
每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
备选题型包括：1)多项对应本节为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。
要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。
2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。
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2018本科插班生考试大纲（考试科目：英语语法）Ⅰ考试性质普通高等学校本科插班生（又称专插本）招生考试是由专科毕业生参加的选拔性考试。
高等学校根据考生的成绩，按照已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。
因此，本科插班生考试应有较高信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。
Ⅱ考试内容总体要求：对《英语语法》这门学科以及相关学科的联系与发展有基本的认知。
能准确理解语篇中语法现象的特点与作用以及语法术语的概念、意义和功能。
能分辨各种语法形式及其功能以及相互关系并进行说明和解释，掌握基本的语法知识。
能运用所学知识与方法进行阅读和写作，正确理解句子和文章的内容和运用标准的英语准确地表达自己。
第一章名词1．考试内容⑴名词和名词词组⑵名词的句法功能⒉考试要求⑴掌握名词的可数不可数⑵熟悉名词的单复数第二章限定词⒈考试内容⑴限定词与名词的搭配⑵限定词与限定词的搭配⑶限定词用法比较⑷冠词，数词⒉考试要求⑸掌握限定词的用法⑹掌握冠词的用法⑺能够正确使用常用限定词第三章代词⒈考试内容（1）不定代词（2）关系代词（3）代词照应⒉考试要求⑴it的用法⑵one的用法（3）what的用法（4）关系代词which, that 的用法第四章动词⒈考试内容（1）动词（2）动词的语法功能⑶助动词（4）情态助动词⒉考试要求（1）不规则动词（2）及物和不及物动词（3）助动词和情态动词的用法（4）情态助动词的推测语气。
（5）过去分词和现在分词，悬垂分词第五章形容词和形容词词组1．考试内容（1）形容词的分类。
⑵形容词的句法功能（3）形容词的位置⒉考试要求（1）掌握形容词的位置⑵形容词的比较级和最高级第六章副词和副词词组1．考试内容（1）副词的分类⑵副词的句法功能⑶兼有两种形式的副词⒉考试要求⑴副词的比较级和最高级第七章连词⒈考试内容⑴并列连词⑵从属连词⒉考试要求⑴掌握连词的语篇衔接功能第八章介词⒈考试内容⑴介词的分类⑵介词的语法功能⑶介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配⒉考试要求⑴介词的搭配第九章不定式1．考试内容（1）不定式的句法功能⑵不定式各种搭配⒉考试要求⑴不定式与名词的搭配（2）不定式与动词的搭配(3) 不定式与形容词的搭配(4) 不定式的时态第十章句子类型⒈考试内容⑴句子结构⑵主谓一致⒉考试要求⑴人称数的一致⑵掌握基本的句子结构⑶娴熟运用存在句与it句型第十一章时态1．考试内容⑴常用时态⑵与时态有关的常用句型⒉考试要求⑴掌握过去现在将来的基本时态第十二章语态1．考试内容⑴语态的分类⑵被动语态的动词特点⑶被动语态的句型⑷主动形式、被动意义⒉考试要求⑴主动与被动语态间的相互转换⑵被动结构中的介词第十三章语气1．考试内容⑴语气的分类⑵虚拟语气⒉考试要求⑴非真实条件句中的虚拟语气⑵名词性从句中的虚拟语气⑶状语从句中的虚拟语气⑷常见的虚拟语气句型第十四章名词从句1．考试内容⑴引导名词从句的连接词⑵主语从句⑶宾语从句⑷表语从句⑸同位语从句⒉考试要求⑴娴熟运用各种名词从句第十五章定语从句1．考试内容（1）关系代词与关系副词（2）限制性定语从句（3）非限制性定语从句（4）介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句（5）定语从句与先行词的分离⒉考试要求（1）正确使用关系代词与关系副词(2) 了解非限制性和限制性定语从句的不同语法功能第十六章修饰、替代与省略1．考试内容⑴修饰⑵替代⑶省略⒉考试要求⑴了解修饰、替代与省略的具体运用第十七章后置、前置与倒装1．考试内容⑴后置⑵前置⑶倒装⒉考试要求⑴正确运用后置、前置与倒装第十八章标点符号1．考试内容⑴标点符号分类⑵标点符号的功能⒉考试要求⑴正确运用各标点符号Ⅲ.考试形式及试卷结构一、考试形式闭卷、笔试。
试卷满分为100分，考试时间为120分钟。
二、试卷题型比例1）综合选择填空题（25%）2）错误辨认题（20%）3）完型填空题（30%）4）句子改写题（20%）5）问题回答题（5%）三、样题与目标定位示例I．综合选择填空题（着重考查学生对整个语法知识的系统掌握情况）Sentence Completion (25%, 1% each)Questions 1-- 25 are incomplete sentences. Below each sentence are four choices, marked A, B, C,D. You should find the choice which best completes the sentence. Mark your answer by blackeningthe corresponding letter on your answer sheet.例：1. After _____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.A. thatB. thereC. whatD. it2. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboringcountry _____ by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately capturedII．错误辨认题（着重考查学生对句子结构的辨别能力以及排除母语干扰的能力）Error Identification (20%, 1% each)a)Each of the following sentences (26--35) has four words or phrases underlined. Theunderlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. You are to identify the oneunderlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten. Then, on youranswer sheet, find the number of the problem and mark your answer. (10%)例：26. I feared that my chances of landing the job was slim without aA Bdegree and with no experience of teaching.C Db)In each of the following ten groups of sentences (36--45), choose the one sentence that isgrammatically INCORRECT. Mark the answer sheet with the letter of the incorrectsentence. (10%)例：36. A. You’d not better come inside.B. You’d better come inside.C. You’d better not come inside.D. The narrow, sunless hall smelled of stale cabbage.III．完型填空题（着重考查学生综合运用语言的能力）For each blank in the following paragraph, four choices are provided. Choose the one with the right tense, and mark it in your answer sheet. (10%, 1% each)例：In 1884 scientists __(46)__ the world into 24 time zones. These __(47)__ on an imaginary line running through Greenwich Observatory, which __(48)__ in southeast London, England. The timein the zone containing Greenwich __(49)__ Greenwich Mean Time.46.A. divide B. dividesC. dividingD. divided47.A. was based B. were basedC. has basedD. based48.A. are B. haveC. hasD. is49.A. is called B. calledC. callingD. callsIV．句子改写题（着重考查学生对句子结构的掌握、运用能力）Sentence Rewriting (30%, 2% each)例：76. Written in large letters, the read the word “Beware”.(Avoid the dangling participle construction)V．问题回答题（着重考查学生的理解分析能力）Tell the different connotation of the following pair of sentences.A a) She will go with you.b) She is going to go with you.B a) I ate the apples.b) I have eaten the apples.参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》（第五版）章振邦编，上海外语教育出版社2009.9。