章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture 4

Count and non-count nouns
A count noun (or countable noun) is a noun that has a plural and which can collocate with numbers and with such etc. determiners as a(n), many, few, these, those, several, etc. A nonnon-count noun (or uncountable noun) is a noun that cannot abovewords. go with the above-mentioned words.
morpheme. man, chair, land, ship, water, gas, faith…
• Compound nouns: a noun that is composed of two or
more morphemes. armchair, farmland, seaside, forget-me-not…
• Derivative nouns: a noun that comes from a verb, an
adjective or a simple noun with affix. arrangement, greatness, ability, expectation…
P41 Ex.4A
Common Noun
P42-44
• Irregular plurals also include some words of foreign origin, borrowed from Greek, Latin or French (known plurals”) ”). as “foreign plurals”). P44 • Some borrowed words have two plural forms: a foreign forms: plural. plural and an English plural. P45 • For some nouns, their singular and plural number share form. the same form. P45
sand – fruit – rubber lamb – sands; water – waters; food – foods; fruits; coffee – coffees; – rubbers; stone – stones; egg – eggs; lambs; onion – onions;
Number forms of nouns
①Regular and irregular plural Individual nouns are all countable and therefore have forms. singular and plural forms. The regular plural is formed (e. by adding –s or –es to the base (e.g., photos, tomatoes, etc. boxes, wives, etc.), while the irregular plural is not formed in the above way but by other means such as by changing the internal vowel or by changing the ending (e. of the noun (e.g., tooth – teeth, man – men, mouse – oxen). mice, child – children, ox – oxen).
what time it is.
The boys quarrelling over the game
each insisted that the other was unfair.
Function of noun phrases
As Subject Complement: That was an attractive little black chair. My grandfather died a martyr to his revolutionary ideal. As Object: They gave him a first-rate education. In the hall, I saw some extremely valuable pictures.
Proper Noun
A proper noun is a name used for a particular person, letter. place or thing, and spelt with a capital initial letter.
Anderson, China, San Francisco, British Airways, National People’s Congress, the Democratic Party, The New York Times, the State Council, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the 12th Five-Year Plan
个体名词 Individual Noun (boy, house, tiger, insect) 集体名词 Collective Noun (family, team, cattle, police) 物质名词 Material Noun (air, snow, bread, rice) 抽象名词 Abstract Noun (glory, honesty, failure, education)
P51
c) Number forms of the abstract noun:
Abstract nouns are mostly uncountable, e.g.:
Honesty is the best policy. Knowledge is power.
But there are some abstract nouns that are countable like individual nouns, e.g.:
②Number forms of the collective, material, abstract and proper noun
a) Number forms of the collective noun: not. Some collective nouns are countable, some are not. Countable nouns. collective nouns behave just like individual nouns. An form. uncountable collective noun has no plural form. If we want to count the number, we have to use a kind of individual collective. noun related semantically to the collective. P46 Some collective nouns have both singular and plural forms: (Please refer to 2.3.3 on P27.)
Function of noun phrases
The noun phrase can function as all the elements in the sentence except the predicate verb.
As Subject:
Children at play seldom remember
Word formation Lexical meaning
Grammatical form
Simple nouns
Compound nouns Derivative nouns
Common nouns
Countable nouns
Proper nouns
Uncountable nouns
• Simple nouns: a noun that contains only one free
Function of noun phrases
As Object Complement: They elected him chairman of the board. The School Board have appointed her superintendent of the city’s schools. As Appositive: Mr. Brown, director of the coal mine, should be responsible for the accident. Alice, a professor of the department, will be invited to our English Evening.
Lecture 4
Noun and Noun Phrase
Classification of Nouns Function of Noun Phrases
Number Forms of Nouns (名词的数) 名词的数) Unit Noun (Partitive) (单位名词) 单位名词)
Classification of Nouns
b) Number forms of the material noun:
Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no plural forms. forms. But there are some such items that can be used either itself, uncountably when used to mean the material itself, or senses: countably when used in other senses: