红河学院计算机专业英语
计算机专业英语教程
frame 帧，画面，框架， 镜框 crystal 晶体，水晶，LCD 液晶显示 filter 滤波器，过滤器， 滤光器 active-matrix 主动矩阵 passive-matrix 被动矩阵 boost 提高，升 position 定位，位置 backup 备份，做备份
Computer Hardware
Chapter 1 Computer Hardware
New words:
Peripheral 外围设备 外围的 外设 Bus 总线 Pathway 通路 路径 Interconnection 互连 In parallel 并行地 Hierarchy 分层（结构），层次 Integrated 集成 Architecture 体系结构 Bandwidth 带宽 Interface 接口 界面
Hardware
Programming and programming language
Operating system
Computer networks
Databse
Multimedia
Artificial intelligence
Data structure and Algorithms
Software Development
Processor 处理器 Primary storage 主存储器 Bit 位 二进制位 比特 CPU 中央处理器 Control unit 控制部件 控 制器 Arithmetic and logic unit 算术逻辑单元 Chip 芯片
502057《计算机专业英语》课程标准
《计算机专业英语》课程标准课程代码： 502057参考学时：64学分： 3课程类型：公共基础课2015年 1月编一、适用专业计算机应用技术专业（3年制中职，5年制高职）二、开课时间第1学期。
三、课程定位1、课程性质本课程是计算机应用技术专业的必修的专业基础课。
2、教学任务主要针对与计算机有关的岗位开设。
主要任务是培养学生掌握计算机英语专业基础词汇、计算机英语语法基础知识，提高学生的英语语言能力和学习能力，并通过联系实际应用的案例式教学方式培养学生在计算机专业学习和计算机应用中所面临的英文环境下的实际操作技巧和动手能力。
熟练掌握所必需的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，为培养学生的创新能力和全面素质打下良好的基础。
四、课程培养目标1、方法能力目标（1）培养学生谦虚、好学的品质；（2）培养学生认真、踏实的求学和做事态度；（3）培养学生勤于思考、积极上进的良好作风；（4）培养学生良好的职业道德。
2、社会能力目标（1）培养学生良好的自我表现、与人沟通能力；（2）培养学生的团队协作精神；（3）培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力；（4）培训学生勇于创新、敬业乐业的工作作风；（5）培养学生的质量意识、安全意识；（6）培养学生诚实、守信、坚忍不拔的性格；（7）培养学生自主、开放的学习能力。
3、专业能力目标（1）掌握一定数量的计算机专业词汇；（2）比较熟练地理解计算机使用过程中遇到的英语环境；（3）比较熟练地理解和使用计算机学习和应用中的英文软件；（4）能阅读与计算机技术相关的专业文章；（5）掌握计算机英语的基础语法知识；（6）掌握计算机英语的翻译技巧；（7）掌握计算机相关基础知识；（8）培养学生的独立思考与实际解决问题的能力。
五、课程衔接在课程设置上，前导课程有初中一年级至高中三年级的基础英语课程，后续课程有“Java程序设计”、“办公设备使用与维护”、“办公软件高级操作员级应用、“C语言程序设计”等专业课程。
六、教学内容与学时分配教学学时数分配见表6.1所示表6.1教学内容与学时分配七、教学内容和进程1、内容一表7.1“Ｗhat is a computer?”2、内容27.2“Hardware concepts”3、内容37.3“Software concepts”4、内容47.4“Information exchange and store”5、内容57.5“The basic skills need to use the computer”6、内容67.6“How to keyboard?”7、内容77.7“Word processing software”8、内容87.8“Spreadsheet”9、内容97.9“Presentation graphics software”10、内容107.10“Database software”11、内容117.11“Desktop publishing software”12、内容127.12“Network concepts”13、内容137.13“About internet”14、内容147.14“The basic skills need to use the internet”15、内容157.15“How to search on the internet?”16、内容167.16“How to create a web page?”17、内容177.17“Multimedia technology”18、内容187.18“Computer viruses”19、内容197.19“About fire wall”20、内容207.20“Hardware concepts”21、内容217.21“复习，考试”八、考核方式课程考核方式见表8.18.1课程考核方式九、课程资源的选用1、教材选用徐莉《计算机英语》机械工业出版社 2009 2、教学场地、设施要求普通教室十、审核。
计算机专业的英语
计算机专业的英语Computer Science is a field of study that encompasses the theory, design, development, and application of computers and computer systems. It is one of the most rapidly evolving and in-demand fields in today's technology-driven world.There are various sub-disciplines within the computer science field, including computer programming, software engineering, artificial intelligence, data science, computer networking, and computer graphics. Each sub-discipline has its own unique set of skills and focuses on different aspects of computer systems.One of the fundamental aspects of computer science is computer programming. It involves writing, testing, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. Programming languages such as C++, Java, Python, and Ruby are commonly used by computer programmers. These languages enable programmers to instruct computers to perform specific tasks or solve problems.Software engineering is another important branch of computer science. It involves the development and maintenance of software systems. Software engineers utilize various methodologies and tools to design, test, and deploy software applications. They also ensure that software systems are scalable, reliable, and efficient.Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field within computer science. It focuses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. AI algorithms and technologies are used in areas such as speech recognition, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics.Data science is a multidisciplinary field that combines computer science with statistics and mathematics. It focuses on extracting valuable insights from large and complex datasets. Data scientists analyze and interpret data to solve real-world problems, make informed business decisions, and develop predictive models.Computer networking is another important aspect of computer science. It involves the design, implementation, and management of computer-based communication systems. Networking professionals ensure that data is transmitted securely and efficiently between computers and other devices. They also troubleshoot network issues and optimize network performance.Computer graphics is the field of computer science that deals with the creation and manipulation of visual content. It encompasses areas such as 3D modeling, animation, virtual reality, and computer-generated imagery. Computer graphics are applied in various industries, including entertainment, gaming, architecture, and advertising.In conclusion, computer science is a vast and diverse field that offers numerous career opportunities. From computer programming and software engineering to artificial intelligence and data science, the possibilities are endless. With the rapid advancement of technology, computer science professionals are expected to continue playing a crucial role in shaping the future of our digital world.。
计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
计算机专业英语教程（第5版）翻译完整版1.1 A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
计算机专业英语第一章
计算机专业英语 》》
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ Several computer generations occur in the history. The first digital computer ENIAC was invented in 1946. It marked the beginning of the first computer phase－mainframe phase. In fact, mainframes have had four generations of products, which are characterized by vacuum tubes, transistors, small and medium scale IC and super LSI circuits respectively.
计算机专业英语 》》
▪ occur
vi.发生，出现
▪ mark
n.标志；v.做标记
▪ phase/stage 阶段
▪ vacuum tubes 真空管
▪ transistor
晶体管
▪ small and medium scale IC 中小规模集成电路
▪ super LSI circuits 超大规模集成电路
Computer
算盘
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ A computer is a fast and efficient digital information processing system. It can accept, store, and process data and produce output results. It’s one of the greatest inventions in science and technology in the 20th century. It has had a long and deep social impact on human life and production.
计算机专业英语课件3.
• The sequencing of calls to and returns from subroutines follows a stack protocol.
• After an abstraction and representation are chosen, there are competing methods to encapsulate data structures.
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计算机专业英语
9
Key Words
abstract accessible arithmetic axiom behavior contemporary devoid encapsulate identifiable instantiate
• Arrays, records, and linked structures provide the building blocks for implementing what we might call higher-level abstractions.
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计算机专业英语
6
Stack
本句中，过去分词短语built into their circuitry作定语，修饰stacks； 动 词 不 定 式 短 语 to operate the hardware stack 也 作 定 语 ， 修 饰 machine-level instructions。
译文：许多计算机系统的电路中都含有多个栈，并且含有操作硬件 栈的机器指令。
计算机专业英语第2版课件
2020/5/8
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RS flip-flop
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Shift registers
A register capable of shifting its binary information in one or both directions is called a shift register.
The simplest possible shift register is one that uses only flip-flops.
The output of a given flip-flop is connected to the D input of the flip-flop at its right. The clock is common to all flip-flops. The serial input determines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift. The serial output is taken from the output of the rightmost flip-flop.
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4-bit shift register
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The capabilities of shift register
▪ An input for clock pulses to synchronize all operations.
▪ A shift-right operation and a serial input line associated with the shift-right.
(整理)计算机专业英语2
第一单元application software应用软件basic application基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD)光盘computer competency计算机能力Connectivity连通性Data数据database file数据库文件desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘document file文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk软盘handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘Hardware硬件High definition高清Information信息information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备Internet因特网Keyboard键盘mainframe computer大型机Memory内存Microcomputer微型机Microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机Minicomputer小型计算机Modem调制解调器Monitor监视器Mouse鼠标Network网络notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘output device输出设备palm computer掌上电脑Peoplepersonal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存Printer打印机Procedure规程Program程序random access memory随机存储器secondary storage device辅存Software软件specialized application专门应用软件Supercomputer巨型机system software系统软件system unit系统单元tablet PC平板电脑Utility实用程序wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表第二单元address 地址Advanced Research Project Agency Network 高级研究计划网络applets 小应用程序，微程序attachment 附件auction house site 拍卖行网站browser 浏览器business-to-business 企业对企业business-to-consumer 企业对客户cable 电缆carder 梳理机Center for European Nuclear Research 欧洲核子研究中心computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer 消费者对消费者dial-up 拨号（上网）digital cash 数字货币directory search 目录查找domain name 域名downloading 下载DSLe-commerce 电子商务e-learning 电子（在线）学习electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件e-mail 电子邮件file transfer protocol 文件传输协议filter 过滤，滤波器friend 友人，朋友header 头，标头hit 打击hyperlink 超链接Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言instant message即时消息Internet 互联网Internet security suite 互联网安全套装Internet service provider 互联网服务提供商Java 互联网上的一种应用程序开发语言keyword search 关键字检索link 链接location 定位message 消息metasearch engine 整合搜索引擎national service provider 全国性服务提供商online 在线online banking 网上银行online shopping 网购online stock trading 网上证券交易person-to-person auction site 个人拍卖网站plug-in 插件程序protocol （数据传输的）协议search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务signature line 签名线，署名档social networking 社会交往，社会性网络spam 垃圾邮件spam blocker 垃圾邮件阻断块specialized search engine 专用搜索引擎spider 蜘蛛subject 主体，科目surf （互联网上的）冲浪top-level domain 顶级域名uniform resource locator 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 通用的即时通讯uploading 上传Web 万维网Web auction 网上拍卖Web-based application 网页应用程序Web-based services 基于网络的服务Webmaster 网站管理员Web page 网页Web utility 网络应用程序Wireless modem 无线网卡Wireless service provider 无线服务提供商第三单元analytical graph分析图application software应用软件Autocontent Wizard内容提示向导basic applications基础应用软件bulleted list项目符号列表business suite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect字效Chart图表Column列Computer trainer计算机培训员Contextual tab上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager数据库管理员Design template设计模板dialog box对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段find and replace查找和替换Font字体font size字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Galleries图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package集成组件Label标签master slide母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list编号列表numeric entry数值型输入personal software个人软件personal suite个人套装软件Pointer指针presentation graphic图形演示文稿productivity suite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relational database关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite软件套装Sort排序specialized applications专用应用程序specialized suite专用套装软件speech recognition语音识别spelling checker拼写检查器spreadsheet电子表格system software系统软件Table表格text entry文本输入Thesaurus[θisɔ:rəs]分类词汇集Toolbar工具栏user interface用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis变化分析Window窗口word processor文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file工作簿Worksheet工作表第四单元Animation动画artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能artificial reality虚拟现实audio editing software音频编辑软件bitmap image位图Blog博客Buttons按键clip art剪辑图Desktop publisher桌面发布desktop publishing program桌面印刷系统软件drawing program绘图程序expert systems专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic模糊逻辑graphical map框图graphics suite集成图HTML editors HTML编辑器illustration program绘图程序Image editors图像编辑器image gallery图库immersive experience沉浸式体验industrial robots工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledge bases知识库knowledge-based system知识库系统Link链接mobile robot移动式遥控装置Morphing渐变Multimedia多媒体multimedia authoring programs多媒体编辑程序page layout program页面布局程序perception systems robot感知系统机器人Photo editors图像编辑器Pixel[piksəl]像素raster image光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs照片库story boards故事版Vector[vektə]矢量vector illustration矢量图vector image矢量图象video editing software视频编辑软件virtual environments虚拟环境virtual reality虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Web authoring program网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器第五单元Add Printer Wizard添加打印机向导Antivirus program反病毒程序Backup备份backup program备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot冷启动computer support specialist计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets仪表盘Desktop桌面desktop operating system桌面操作系统device driver磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program诊断程序dialog box对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems嵌入式操作系统File文件file compression program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator语言编译器leopard[lepəd]雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server网络服务器One Button Checkup一键修复operating system操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sectors[sektə]扇区。
电脑专业英语1500词
电脑专业英语1500词Computer ScienceIntroduction:Computer Science is a rapidly growing field that encompasses the study of computer systems, software, and algorithms. It involves the theory, design, development, and application of computers and computer systems. In this article, we will explore various aspectsof computer science, including its history, key concepts, and career opportunities.History:Computer science has its roots in mathematics and physics. In the 1800s, pioneers such as Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace laid the foundation for modern computing by developing early mechanical computers. However, it was not until the mid-20th century that computer science emerged as a distinct discipline.Key Concepts:1. Programming: Programming is a fundamental component of computer science. It involves writing instructions in a programming language to solve problems and perform tasks. Popular programming languages include Java, Python, and C++.2. Data Structures: Data structures refer to the organization and management of data in computer systems. Examples include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues.3. Algorithms: Algorithms are step-by-step procedures used to solve problems. They are an essential part of computer science andare used in various applications, such as sorting data, searching for information, and optimizing processes.4. Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines capable of performing complex tasks, such as speech recognition, image processing, and decision making.5. Networking: Networking is the practice of connecting computers and other devices to enable communication and data exchange. It involves the design, implementation, and management of computer networks, including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).Career Opportunities:1. Software Engineer: Software engineers design, develop, and test computer software. They work on various projects, such as developing mobile apps, creating web applications, and designing computer games.2. Data Scientist: Data scientists analyze and interpret complex data using statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms. They work with large datasets to derive valuable insights and make informed business decisions.3. Cybersecurity Analyst: Cybersecurity analysts protect computer systems and networks from cyber threats and attacks. They implement security measures, monitor network activity, and investigate any potential breaches.4. Network Administrator: Network administrators are responsible for the maintenance and troubleshooting of computer networks. They ensure that networks are secure, efficient, and running smoothly.Conclusion:Computer science is an exciting and dynamic field with numerous opportunities for those interested in technology and innovation. From programming and data structures to artificial intelligence and networking, computer science offers a wide range of career paths. As technology continues to advance, the need for computer science professionals will only increase. Whether you're interested in software development, data analysis, or network administration, computer science will provide you with the knowledge and skillsto succeed in the digital age.Emerging Trends in Computer Science:Computer science is a field that is constantly evolving and adapting to new technologies and trends. In this section, we will explore some of the emerging trends in computer science that are shaping the future of the industry.1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have gained tremendous popularity in recent years. AI refers to the development of intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Machine learning, on the other hand, is a subset of AI that focuses on enabling machines to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming. These technologies have applications in various fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. AI and ML are drivinginnovations such as autonomous vehicles, speech recognition systems, and personalized recommendations.2. Internet of Things (IoT):The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected devices that communicate and share data with each other. IoT has the potential to revolutionize various industries by connecting everyday objects such as cars, appliances, and wearable devices to the internet. This enables these devices to collect and exchange data, leading to increased efficiency and convenience. The applications of IoT are far-reaching, from smart homes and cities to industrial automation and healthcare monitoring.3. Big Data Analytics:With the exponential growth of data in today's digital age, the need for efficient storage and analysis of vast amounts of information has become increasingly important. Big data analytics refers to the process of examining large datasets to uncover patterns, correlations, and insights that can inform decision-making. This field combines techniques from computer science, statistics, and mathematics to process and analyze structured and unstructured data. Big data analytics has applications in various industries, such as marketing, finance, and healthcare, enabling organizations to make data-driven decisions.4. Cloud Computing:Cloud computing has become an integral part of modern computing infrastructure. It involves the delivery of computing services over the internet, including storage, processing power, and software applications. Cloud computing offers numerousadvantages, such as scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. It allows businesses and individuals to access and store their data and applications remotely, eliminating the need for on-site infrastructure. With the increasing demand for data storage and processing power, cloud computing is expected to continue to grow in popularity.5. Blockchain Technology:Blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed ledger that records transactions across multiple computers. It provides transparency, security, and immutability by utilizing cryptographic techniques. Originally developed for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, blockchain technology has now found applications beyond digital currencies. It has the potential to revolutionize various sectors such as finance, supply chain management, and healthcare. Blockchain technology offers secure and transparent record-keeping, reducing the risk of fraud and improving operational efficiency.Conclusion:Computer science is a dynamic and evolving field that continues to shape the future of technology and innovation. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, IoT, big data analytics, cloud computing, and blockchain technology are just a few of the emerging trends that are driving advancements in the field. As these technologies continue to develop, they will create new opportunities and challenges for computer science professionals. Staying up-to-date with the latest trends and continuously learning and adapting to new technologies is essential for anyone pursuing acareer in computer science. By embracing these emerging trends, computer scientists can make significant contributions to various industries and drive innovation in the digital age.。
计算机相关专业英语
计算机相关专业英语本文将介绍一些计算机相关专业英语，以帮助读者了解计算机领域的常用术语和技术。
一、计算机基础技术1. Computer Science：计算机科学2. Programming Languages：编程语言3. Operating Systems：操作系统4. Database Systems：数据库系统5. Computer Networks：计算机网络6. Algorithms：算法7. Data Structures：数据结构8. Artificial Intelligence：人工智能9. Machine Learning：机器学习二、编程语言1. Java2. C/C++3. Python4. JavaScript5. Ruby6. Perl三、前端开发技术1. HTML2. CSS3. JavaScript4. jQuery5. Bootstrap四、后端开发技术1. PHP2. 3. Node.js4. Ruby on Rails五、数据库管理1. MySQL2. Oracle3. SQL Server4. PostgreSQL六、计算机网络1. TCP/IP2. DNS3. HTTP4. FTP5. SMTP七、信息安全1. Encryption：加密2. Decryption：解密3. Firewall：防火墙4. Malware：恶意软件5. Antivirus：杀毒软件6. Vulnerability：漏洞以上是一些计算机相关专业英语，希望能对读者有所帮助。
计算机专业名词英语
计算机专业名词英语Computer Science Terminology in EnglishComputers have become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we work, communicate, and access information. As the field of computer science continues to evolve, a vast array of specialized terminology has emerged to describe the various components, processes, and concepts that make up this dynamic industry. Understanding these technical terms is crucial for anyone aspiring to work in the computer science field or effectively communicate with professionals in the industry.One of the most fundamental terms in computer science is the "computer." A computer is an electronic device that can perform a wide range of tasks, from simple calculations to complex data processing and analysis. At the heart of a computer lies the central processing unit (CPU), which is responsible for executing instructions and coordinating the various components of the system.Another essential component of a computer is the memory, which can be divided into two main types: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory). RAM is the primary memory used bythe computer to store and access data and instructions during operation, while ROM is used to store the basic instructions and firmware necessary for the computer to boot up and function.The term "operating system" refers to the software that manages the hardware resources of a computer and provides a user interface for interacting with the system. Some of the most widely used operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux, each with its own unique features and capabilities.In the world of computer programming, the term "code" is used to describe the set of instructions written in a programming language, such as Python, Java, or C++, that tell the computer what tasks to perform. Programmers use various software development tools, including integrated development environments (IDEs) and code editors, to write, test, and debug their code.Another important concept in computer science is "data structures," which are ways of organizing and storing data in a computer's memory. Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, and trees, each with its own strengths and weaknesses depending on the specific requirements of the application.The term "algorithm" refers to a step-by-step procedure or set of rules that a computer can follow to solve a problem or perform aspecific task. Algorithms are the foundation of many computer programs and are essential for tasks such as sorting, searching, and optimization.In the realm of computer networks, the term "protocol" is used to describe the set of rules and standards that govern the communication between different devices on a network. Examples of common network protocols include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is the foundation of the internet, and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), which is used for web-based communication.The term "database" refers to a structured collection of data that is organized and stored in a way that allows for efficient retrieval, manipulation, and management of information. Databases are widely used in a variety of applications, from e-commerce websites to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), the term "machine learning" refers to the ability of a computer system to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide range of applications, from image recognition to natural language processing.Another important concept in computer science is "cybersecurity,"which refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, misuse, or disruption. Cybersecurity professionals use a variety of tools and techniques, such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems, to safeguard digital assets.Finally, the term "cloud computing" refers to the delivery of computing services, including storage, processing power, and software, over the internet. Cloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses and individuals access and use technology, allowing for increased flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.These are just a few examples of the many specialized terms that are commonly used in the field of computer science. As the technology landscape continues to evolve, the language used to describe it will also continue to expand and evolve, making it essential for anyone interested in this dynamic field to stay up-to-date with the latest terminology and concepts.。
计算机专业英语Unit5
Section 2 Passages
Section 3 Skill in Focus
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Section 4 Extended Reading
Unit 5 Programming Language
Section 1 Situational Dialogue
Requirements Analysis 1、你知道什么是软件工程吗？ 2、谈谈需求分析在软件工程中的作用。
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•
Unit 5 Section 1
• •
Mr. Wu: Actually it’s easier said than done. Since in most software systems, end-users may not be clear about what they really require, they tend to get to the bottom until all their questions are answered and problems solved. Qian Liang: That’s quite true. I’ve been busy preparing for the contest of website design, and have got to do a lot of rework. Maybe it’s because I haven’t analyzed the demands well enough and the whole planning turns out to be imperfect. I wonder if you could give me some suggestions about what to guard against in requirements analysis? Mr. Wu: Now that you have participated in website development, you’re sure to understand that there are various situations when we communicate with our customers, such as lack of user participation, increasing requirements from users, ambiguous demands, or unnecessary features.
计算机专业英语Unit2
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 2 Section 2 Passage A
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Motherboards The motherboard is heart of the computer, with all of its connections leading out from itself and into every device in the machine. When you open a PC you’ll see the Motherboard will more than likely cover the whole of one side of the PC. It is a very important part of the system since everything has to be connected to it, everything therefore has to be compatible with it. The speed of the connections that run from each component to the motherboard can also have a positive or negative effect on the system.
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
《计算机专业英语》
郭敏 徐莹 杨阳
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
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Section1 Situational Dialog
Shopping for a Computer
Section 2 Passages
Passage A. A Guide on The Main Components In a PC Passage B. Introducing Common Peripherals
计算机专业英语第八章
2011-8-25
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Tom: So as it said before ! Don't worry. There will be a hot guy to come soon! Sammi: How could you know? Tom: Because he is my neighbor. He is really a cute boy. Sammi: Are you sure that he will come to our company? Tom: Yes, he will come to work tomorrow.
Part B: Bon voyage
Mike: May I come in, Sir? Manager: Yes, please. What’s the matter? Mike: I made a tough decision, sir. Here is my resignation.
2011-8-25 6
2011-8-25
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Jack: No, I want to find a temporary job in summer vacation . Tom: Wow! It is great! We’ll become colleague soon. Jack: Not really. The manager hasn’t decided whether to employ me yet. Tom: Trust yourself . You can do it! Jack: Thank you, Tom. I hope so.
Part B: Mike had quit
Tom: What’s up, Sammi? Why are you so upset? Sammi: I felt deprived knowing that Mike had quit. Tom: Oh, I'm so sorry to hear that too. Don’t worry, I will keep you company. Sammi: But you are not handsome at all.
计算机专业英语6
Unit 6 DatabaseSection ADatabase OverviewI. IntroductionData storage traditionally used individual, unrelated files, sometimes called Hat files. In the past, each application program in an organization used its own file. In a university, for example, each department might have its own set of files: the record office kept a file about the student information and their grades, the financial aid office kept its own file about studentsthat needed financial aid to continue their education, the scheduling office kept the names of the professors and the courses they were teaching, the payroll department kept its own file about the whole staff (including professors), and so on. Today, however, all of these flat files can be combined in a single entity, the database for the whole university. Although it is difficult to give a universally agreed definition of a database, we use the following common definition: a database is a collection of related, logically coherent, data used by the application programs in an organization. II. Database Management SystemsA database management system(DBMS) defines, create, and maintains a database. The DBMS also allows controlled access to data in the database. A DBMS is a combination of five components: hardware, software, data, users, and procedures.1. HardwareThe hardware is the physical computer system that allows access to data. For example, the terminals, hard disk, main computer, and workstations are considered part of the hardware in a DBMS.2. SoftwareThe software is the actual program that allows users to access, maintain, and update data. In addition, the software controls which user can access which parts of the data in the database.3. DataThe data in a database is stored physically on the storage device. In a database, data is a separate entity from the software that accesses it .This separation allows an organization to change the software without having to change the physical data or the way in which it is stored. If an organization decides to use a DBMS, thenall the information needed by the organization should be kept together as one entity, to be accessible by the software in the DBMS.4. UsersThe term users in a DBMS has a broad meaning. We can divide users into two categories: end users and application programs.End users are those humans who can access the database directly to get information. There are two types of end users: database administrators(DBAs) and normal users. Database administrators have the maximum level of privileges and can control other users and their access to the DBMS, grant some of their privileges to somebody else, but retain the ability to revoke them at any time. A normal user, on the other hand, can only use part of the database and has limited access.The other users of data in a database areapplication programs. Applications need to access and process data. For example, a payroll application program needs to access part of the data in a database to create paychecks at the end of the month.5. ProceduresThe last component of a DBMS is a set of procedures or rules that should be clearly defined and followed by the users of the database.III. Database ArchitectureThe American National Standards Institute Standards Planning and Requirements Committee (ANSI/SPARC) has established a three-level architecture for a DBMS: internal, conceptual, and external (Figure 6A-1).1. Internal LevelThe internal level determines where data is actually stored on the storage devices. This level deals with low-level access methods and how bytes are transferred to and fromstorage devices. In other words, the internal level interacts directly with the hardware.2. Conceptual LevelThe conceptual level defines the logical view of the data. The data model is defined on this level, and the main functions of the DBMS, such as queries, are also on this level. The DBMS changes the internal view of data to the external view that users need to see. The conceptual level is an intermediary and frees users from dealing with the internal level.3. External LevelThe external level interacts directly with the user (end user or application programs). It changes the data coming from the conceptual level to a format and view that is familiar to the users.IV. Database ModelsA database model defines the logical design of data. The model also describesthe relationships between different parts of the data. In the history of database design, three models have been in use: the hierarchical model, the network model, and the relational model.1. Hierarchical Database ModelIn the hierarchical model, data is organized as an inverted tree. Each entity has only one parent but can have several children. At the top of the hierarchy, there is one entity, which is called the root. Figure 6A-2 shows a logical view of an example of the hierarchical model. The hierarchical model is now obsolete.2. Network Database ModelIn the network model, the entities are organized in a graph, in which some entities can be accessed through several paths (Figure 6A-3).There is no hierarchy. This model is now also obsolete.3. Relational Database ModelIn the relational model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables called relations. There is no hierarchical or network structure imposed on the data. The tables or relations are, however, related to each other (Figure 6A-4). The relational database management system (RDBMS) organizes the data so that its external viewis a set of relations or tables. This does notmean that data is stored as tables: the physical storage of the data is independent of the way in which the data is logically organized. Figure 6A-5 shows an example of a relation. A relation in an RDBMS has the following features:Name. Each relation in a relationaldatabase should have a name that is unique among other relations.●Attributes. Each column in a relation is called an attribute. The attributes are the column headings in the table in Figure 6A-5. Each attribute gives meaning to the data stored under it. Each column in the table must have a name that is unique in the scope of the relation. The total number of attributes for a relation is called the degree of the relation. For example, in Figure 6A-5, the relation has a degree of 3. Note that the attribute names are not stored in the database: the conceptual level uses the attributes to give meaning to each column.●Tuples. Each row in a relation is called a tuple. A tuple defines a collection of attribute values. The total number of rows in a relation is called the cardinality of the relation. Note that the cardinality of a relation changes when tuples are added or deleted. This makes the database dynamic.The relational model is one of the common models in use today. The other two common models that are derived from the relational model are the distributed model and the object-oriented model.4. Distributed Database Mode)The distributed database model is not a new model, but is based on the relational model. However, the data is stored on several computers that communicate through the Internet or a private wide area network Each computer (or site) maintains either part of the database or the whole database. In other words, data is either fragmented, with each fragment stored at one site, or data is replicated at each site. In a fragmented distributed database, data is localized—locally used data is stored at the corresponding site. However, this does not mean that a site cannot access data stored at another site, but access is mostly local, but occasionally global. Althougheach site has complete control over its local data, there is global control through the Internet or a wide area network.For example, a pharmaceutical company may have multiple sites in many countries. Each site has a database with information about its own employees, but a central personnel department could have control of all the databases.In a replicated distributed database, each site holds an exact replica of another site. Any modification to data stored in one site is repeated exactly at every site. The reason for having such a database is security. If the system at one site fails, users at the site can access data at another site.5. Object-Oriented Database ModelThe relational database has a specific view of data that is based on the nature of the database's tuples and attributes. The smallest unit of data in a relationaldatabase is the intersection of a tuple and an attribute. However, some applications need to look at data as other forms, for exa.' data as a structure, such as a record composed of fields.An object-oriented database tries to keep the advantage relational model and at the same time allows applications | structured data. In an object-oriented database, objects and their are defined. In addition, each object can have attributes tha expressed as fields.For example, in an organization, one could define object! employee, department, and customer. The employee class could d attributes of an employee object (first name, last name, social number, salary, and so on) and how they can be accessed. The de object could define the attributes of the department and how the] accessed. In addition, the database could create a relation be employee object and adepartment object to denote that the works in that department.V. Database DesignThe design of any database is a lengthy and involved task that a be done through a step-by-step process. The first step normally invi lot of interviewing of potential users of the database to colla information needed to be stored and the access requirement o department. The second step is to build an entity-relationship model ( that defines the entities for which some information must be maintain attributes of these entities, and the relationship between these entities. The next step in design is based on the type of database to be relational database, the next step is to build relations based on the normalize the relations. Normalization is the process by which a gi of relations are transformed to a new set of relations with a more structure. Normalization is neededto allow any relation in the databai be represented, to allow a language like SQL to use powerful retii operations composed of atomic operations,' to remove anomalii insertion, deletion, and updating, and to reduce the need for restructii the database as new data types are added.。
计算机专业英语grammar
计算机专业英语
》》
【Grammar Focus 】 1 ．名词复数的规则变化
情 况 构成方法 加 –s 加 –es 加 -s 变y为i，再 加es 读 音 1．清辅音后读/s/; 2．浊辅音和元音 后读/z/ 读 /iz/ 读 /iz/ 读 /z/ 例 词 map-maps bag-bags bus-buses licenselicenses baby—babies
计算机专业英语
》》
【Grammar Focus 】
动词不定式
1．不定式的时态和语态 2．不定式的特殊句型
计算机专业英语
》》
【Grammar Focus 】 1．不定式的时态和语态
时 态 语态（主动） 语态（被动） 用 法
一般式
to do
to be done
表示动作有时与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词 的动作之后。
（1）倍数表示法 a．主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as b．主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length...) of... c．主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than... d．还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 （2）分数构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的基
表示主动 表示被动
现在分词doing 过去分词done 不及物动词的过去 分词
语态
表示动作已发生
a burnt-out match
计算机专业英语
》》
【Grammar Focus 】 2．分词作插入语
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《计算机专业英语词汇》编辑本段AActive-matrix主动矩阵Adapter cards适配卡Advanced application高级应用Analytical graph分析图表Analyze分析Animations动画Application software 应用软件Arithmetic operations算术运算Audio-output device音频输出设备Access time存取时间access存取accuracy准确性ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件Add-ons 插件Address地址Agents代理Analog signals模拟信号Applets程序Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口Attachment附件编辑本段BBar code条形码Bar code reader条形码读卡器Basic application基础程序Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案Binary system二进制系统Bit比特Browser浏览器Bus line总线Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元Bandwidth带宽Bluetooth蓝牙Broadband宽带Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务Business-to-consumer企业对消费者Bus总线编辑本段CCables连线Cell单元箱Chain printer链式打印机Character and recognition device字符标识识别设备Chart图表Chassis支架Chip芯片Clarity清晰度Closed architecture封闭式体系结构Column列Combination key结合键computer competency计算机能力connectivity连接，结点Continuous-speech recognition system连续语言识别系统Control unit操纵单元Cordless or wireless mouse无线鼠标Cable modems有线调制解调器carpal tunnel syndrome腕骨神经综合症CD-ROM可记录光盘CD-RW可重写光盘CD-R可记录压缩光盘Channel信道Chat group谈话群组chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) ]氯氟甲烷Client客户端Coaxial cable同轴电缆cold site冷网站Commerce servers商业服务器Communication channel信道Communication systems信息系统Compact disc rewritableCompact disc光盘computer abuse amendments act of 19941994计算机滥用法案computer crime计算机犯罪computer ethics计算机道德computer fraud and abuse act of 1986计算机欺诈和滥用法案computer matching and privacy protection act of 1988计算机查找和隐私保护法案Computer network计算机网络computer support specialist计算机支持专家computer technician计算机技术人员computer trainer计算机教师Connection device连接设备Connectivity连接Consumer-to-consumer个人对个人cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序cookies信息记录程序cracker解密高手cumulative trauma disorder积累性损伤错乱Cybercash电子现金Cyberspace计算机空间cynic愤世嫉俗者编辑本段DDatabase数据库database files数据库文件Database manager数据库管理Data bus数据总线Data projector数码放映机Desktop system unit台式电脑系统单元Destination file目标文件Digital cameras数码照相机Digital notebooks数字笔记本Digital bideo camera数码摄影机Discrete-speech recognition system不连续语言识别系统Document文档document files文档文件Dot-matrix printer点矩阵式打印机Dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器Dumb terminal非智能终端data security数据安全Data transmission specifications数据传输说明database administrator数据库管理员Dataplay数字播放器Demodulation解调denial of service attack拒绝服务攻击Dial-up service拨号服务Digital cash数字现金Digital signals数字信号Digital subscriber line数字用户线路Digital versatile disc数字化通用磁盘Digital video disc数字化视频光盘Direct access直接存取Directory search目录搜索disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划Disk caching磁盘驱动器高速缓存Diskette磁盘Disk磁碟Distributed data processing system分部数据处理系统Distributed processing分布处理Domain code域代码Downloading下载DVD 数字化通用磁盘DVD-R 可写DVDDVD-RAM DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM只读DVD编辑本段Ee-book电子阅读器Expansion cards扩展卡end user终端用户e-cash电子现金e-commerce电子商务electronic cash电子现金electronic commerce电子商务electronic communications privacy act of1986电子通信隐私法案encrypting加密术energy star能源之星Enterprise computing企业计算化environment环境Erasable optical disks可擦除式光盘ergonomics人类工程学ethics道德规范External modem外置调制解调器extranet企业外部网编辑本段FFax machine传真机Field域Find搜索FireWire port火线端口Firmware固件Flash RAM闪存Flatbed scanner台式扫描器Flat-panel monitor纯平显示器floppy disk软盘Formatting toolbar格式化工具条Formula公式Function函数fair credit reporting act of 1970公平信用报告法案Fiber-optic cable光纤电缆File compression文件压缩File decompression文件解压缩filter过滤firewall防火墙firewall防火墙Fixed disk固定硬盘Flash memory闪存Flexible disk可折叠磁盘Floppies磁盘Floppy-disk cartridge磁盘盒Formatting格式化freedom of information act of 1970信息自由法案frequency频率frustrated受挫折Full-duplex communication全双通通信编辑本段GGeneral-purpose application通用运用程序Gigahertz千兆赫Graphic tablet绘图板green pc绿色个人计算机Grop by 排序编辑本段Hhandheld computer手提电脑Hard copy硬拷贝hard disk硬盘hardware硬件Help帮助Host computer主机Home page主页Hyperlink超链接hacker黑客Half-duplex communication半双通通信Hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒Hard-disk pack硬盘组Head crash磁头碰撞header标题help desk specialist帮助办公专家helper applications帮助软件Hierarchical network层次型网络history file历史文件hits匹配记录horizontal portal横向用户hot site热网站Hybrid network混合网络编辑本段IImage capturing device图像获取设备information technology信息技术Ink-jet printer墨水喷射印刷机Integrated package综合性组件Intelligent terminal智能终端设备Intergrated circuit集成电路Interface cards接口卡Internal modem内部调制解调器internet telephony网络电话internet terminal互联网终端Identification识别i-drive网络硬盘驱动器illusion of anonymity匿名幻想index search索引搜索information pushers信息推送器initializing 初始化instant messaging计时信息internal hard disk内置硬盘Internet hard drive 网络硬盘驱动器intranet企业内部网编辑本段Jjoystick操纵杆编辑本段Kkeyword search关键字搜索编辑本段Llaser printer激光打印机Layout files版式文件Light pen光笔Locate定位Logical operations逻辑运算Lands凸面Line of sight communication视影通信Low bandwidth低带宽lurking潜伏编辑本段MMain board主板Mark sensing标志检测Mechanical mouse机械鼠标Memory内存Menu菜单Menu bar菜单条Microprocessor微处理器Microseconds微秒Modem card调制解调器Monitor显示器Motherboard主板Mouse 鼠标Multifunctional device多功能设备Magnetic tape reels磁带卷Magnetic tape streamers磁带条mailing list邮件列表Medium band媒质带宽metasearch engine整合搜索引擎Microwave微波Modem解调器Modulation解调编辑本段NNet PC网络计算机Network adapter card网卡Network personal computer网络个人电脑Network terminal 网络终端Notebook computer笔记本电脑Notebook system unit笔记本系统单元Numeric entry数字输入national information infrastructure protection act of1996国际信息保护法案national service provider全国性服务供应商Network architecture网络体系结构Network bridge网桥Network gateway网关network manager网络管理员newsgroup新闻组no electronic theft act of1997无电子盗窃法Node节点Nonvolatile storage非易失性存储编辑本段OObject embedding对象嵌入Object linking目标链接Open architecture开放式体系结构Operation System 操作系统Optical disk光盘Optical mouse光电鼠标Optical scanner光电扫描仪Outline大纲off-line browsers离线浏览器Online storage联机存储编辑本段Ppalmtop computer掌上电脑Parallel ports并行端口Passive-matrix被动矩阵PC card个人计算机卡Personal laser printer个人激光打印机Personal video recorder card个人视频记录卡Photo printer照片打印机Pixel像素Platform scanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪Plug and play即插即用Plug-in boards插件卡Pointer指示器Pointing stick指示棍Port端口Portable scanner便携式扫描仪Presentation files演示文稿Presentation graphics电子文稿程序Primary storage主存Procedures规程Processor处理机Programming control lanugage程序控制语言Packets数据包Parallel data transmission平行数据传输Peer-to-peer network system点对点网络系统person-person auction site个人对个人拍卖站点physical security物理安全Pits凹面plug-in插件程序Polling轮询privacy隐私权proactive主动地programmer程序员Protocols协议provider供应商proxy server代理服务pull products推取程序push products推送程序编辑本段RRAM cache随机高速缓冲器Range范围Record记录Relational database关系数据库Replace替换Resolution分辨率Row行Read-only只读Reformatting重组regional service provider区域性服务供应商repetitive motion injury反复性动作损伤reverse directory反向目录right to financial privacy act of 1979财产隐私法案Ring network环形网编辑本段SScanner扫描器Search查找Secondary storage device辅助存储设备Semiconductor半导体Serial ports串行端口Server服务器Shared laser printer共享激光打印机Sheet表格Silicon chip硅片Slots插槽Smart card智能卡Soft copy软拷贝Software suite软件协议Sorting排序Source file源文件Special-purpose application专用文件Spreadsheet电子数据表Standard toolbar标准工具栏Supercomputer巨型机System cabine 系统箱System clock时钟System software系统软件Satellite/air connection services卫星无线连接服务search engines搜索引擎search providers搜索供应者search services 搜索服务器Sectors扇区security安全Sending and receiving devices发送接收设备Sequential access顺序存取Serial data transmission单向通信signature line签名档snoopware监控软件software copyright act of1980软件版权法案software piracy软件盗版Solid-state storage固态存储器specialized search engine专用搜索引擎spiders网页爬虫spike尖峰电压Star network星型网Strategy方案subject主题subscription address预定地址Superdisk超级磁盘surfing网上冲浪surge protector浪涌保护器systems analyst系统分析师编辑本段TTable二维表Telephony电话学Television boards电视扩展卡Terminal 终端Template模板Text entry文本输入Thermal printer 热印刷Thin client瘦客Toggle key触发键Toolbar工具栏Touch screen触摸屏Trackball追踪球TV tuner card电视调谐卡Two-state system双状态系统technical writer技术协作者technostress重压技术telnet远程登录Time-sharing system分时系统Topology拓扑结构Tracks磁道traditional cookies传统的信息记录程序Twisted pair双绞编辑本段UUnicode统一字符标准uploading上传usenet世界性新闻组网络编辑本段VVirtual memory虚拟内存Video display screen视频显示屏Voice recognition system声音识别系统vertical portal纵向门户video privacy protection act of 1988视频隐私权保护法案virus checker病毒检测程序virus病毒Voiceband音频带宽Volatile storage易失性存储voltage surge电涌编辑本段WWand reader 条形码读入Web 网络Web appliance 环球网设备Web page网页Web site address网络地址Web terminal环球网终端Webcam摄像头What-if analysis假定分析Wireless revolution无线革命Word字长Word processing文字处理Word wrap自动换行Worksheet file 工作文件web auctions网上拍卖web broadcasters网络广播web portals门户网站web sites网站web storefront creation packages网上商店创建包web storefronts网上商店web utilities网上应用程序web-downloading utilities网页下载应用程序webmaster web站点管理员web万维网Wireless modems无线调制解调器wireless service provider无线服务供应商world wide web万维网worm蠕虫病毒Write-protect notch写保护口编辑本段其他缩写DVD digital bersatile 数字化通用光盘IT information technology信息技术CD compact disc 压缩盘PDA personal digital assistant个人数字助理RAM random access memory随机存储器WWW World Wide Web 万维网DBMS database management system数据库管理系统HTML Hypertext Markup Language超文本标示语言OLE object linking and embedding对象链接入SQL structured query language结构化查询语言URL uniform resouice locator统一资源定位器AGP accelerated graphics port加速图形接口ALU arithmetic-logic unit算术逻辑单元CPU central processing unit中央处理器CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor互补金属氧化物半导体CISC complex instruction set computer复杂指令集计算机HPSB high performance serial bus高性能串行总线ISA industry standard architecture工业标准结构体系PCI peripheral component interconnect外部设备互连总线PCMCIA Personal Memory Card International Association个人计算机存储卡国际协会RAM random-access memory随机存储器ROM read-only memory只读存储器USB universal serial bus通用串行总线CRT cathode-ray tube阴极射线管HDTV high-definition television高清晰度电视LCD liquid crystal display monitor液晶显示器MICRmagnetic-ink character recognition磁墨水字符识别器OCR optical-character recognition光电字符识别器OMR optical-mark recognition光标阅读器TFT thin film transistor monitor薄膜晶体管显示器Zip disk压缩磁盘Domain name system（DNS）域名服务器file transfer protocol(FTP)文件传送协议hypertext markup language(HTML)超文本链接标识语言Local area network（LAN）局域网internet relay chat(IRC)互联网多线交谈Metropolitan area network(MAN)城域网Network operation system(NOS)网络操作系统uniform resource locator(URL)统一资源定位器Wide area network(WAN)广域网Web server / Web 服务器well-connected / 连接良好well-known services / 公认的服务wide area network, WAN / 广域网wildcard character / 通配符wildcarding / 通配符方式window menu / 窗口菜单Windows 2000 Server File and Print Servers for Macintosh / Windows 2000 Server 的 Macintosh 文件与打印服务器Windows 2000 Task Manager / Windows 2000 任务管理器Windows Internet Name Service, WINS / Windows Internet 命名服务Windows Management Instrumentation, WMI / Windows 管理规范Windows Media Services / Windows Media 服务WINS, Windows Internet Name Service / Windows Internet 命名服务WINS proxy / WINS 代理WINS resource / WINS 资源Winsockwireless communication / 无线通讯WMI, Windows Management Instrumentation / Windows 管理规范workgroup / 工作组X.509v3 certificate / X.509/ 证书XOR, exclusive OR / 异或zone / 区域zone list / 区域列表zone transfer / 区域传送。