unit4_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译
Unit4AViewofMountains课文翻译综合教程四
Unit 4A View of MountainsJonathan Schell1. On August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki， Yosuke Yamahata,a photographer serving in the Japanese army， was dispatched to the destroyed city. The hundredor so pictures he took the next day constitute the fullest photographic record of nuclear destruction in existence. Hiroshima, destroyed three days earlier, had largely escaped the camera’s lens in the first day after the bombing。
It was therefore left to Yamahata to record，methodically － and, as it happens, with a great and simple artistry –the effects on a human population of a nuclear weapon only hours after it had been used。
Some of Yamahata’s pictures show corpses charred in the peculiar way in which a nuclear fireball chars its victims. They have been burned by light –technically speaking, by the “thermal pulse” － and their bodies are often branded with the patterns of their clothes, whose colors absorb light in different degrees。
unit4_原文_翻译_硕士生英语综合教程2
Unit4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love. This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.1. 在过去的几个世纪里，婚姻总是和浪漫的爱情联系起来。
这一揽子交易可不容易维护，的确，很多人在试图将婚姻和浪漫的爱情结合起来时失败了。
不过，许多人仍然追求婚姻。
这是和婚姻相关的另一种自相矛盾的情况。
(Para. 2) Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial asituation, (b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.2. 要实现这一揽子交易，有如下几点主要的困难：1. 在现代社会，婚姻已不是实现像抚养孩子，加强个人地位，及改善经济状况等任务的惟一形式。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课后翻译（完整版）
全新版大学英语综合教程4课后翻译Unit 11. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.菲尔已经三个月没有找到工作了,正在变得越来越绝望。
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。
5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.既然已经证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Unit 21.There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.空气有一种不寻常的寂静,只有远处响着大炮的声音。
2. The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problems.在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已经引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版⼤学英语综合教程4课⽂原⽂及翻译UNIT 1They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong. ⼈道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两⼈来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为⾃⼰战⽆不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫⼠证明他们错了。
The Icy DefenderNila B. Smith1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪卫⼠奈拉·B·史密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率⼤军⼊侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯⼈民会为保卫祖国⽽奋勇抵抗。
21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程(下册)Unit4课文翻译
Unit 4 Downsizing裁员Adom Cohen, Cathy Booth Thomas1. The e-mail looked harmless enough. Be at the Renaissance Austin Hotel, 20minutes away, in about an hour. Just another stupid meeting, no doubt. But by the time Dell information technology specialist Chuck Peterson walked into a room filled with 75 of his co-workers and a few managers he had never seen before, he knew what was up. “None of them would look at us,” he says. “They had their backs to us or they were looking at their feet.”这封E-mail看起来并没有任何伤害。
在Renaissance Austin旅馆召开会议，到旅馆的路程是二十分钟路程，大约一个小时后召开。
毫无疑问，又不过是一个无聊的会议。
但是，当戴尔公司信息技术专家Chuck Peterson步入房间那一刻，就知道要发生什么了，房间里是他的75个同事和几个以前从来没有见过的经理。
“他们没人看我，“他说，”他们都背对着我或是看着他们自己的脚“。
2. The bosses stuck to their script. The economy is bad. We can’t afford to keepyou. So we’re not. Hand in your badges on the way out. There were no individual explanations for why these workers－out of a work force of 40,000－had been picked. The members of the firing squad never even introduced themselves. It was over in eight minutes.这些上司们除了照着讲稿没有多讲一句话。
综合教程4Unit1-Unit4课文翻译
Unit 1Never Give In, Never, Never, NeverWinston ChurchillAlmost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world—ups and downs, misfortunes—but can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months—if it takes years—they do it.Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says, we must "... meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same."You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period—I am addressing myself to the school—surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and goodsense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.You sang here a verse of a school song: you sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today. But there is one word in it I want to alter—I wanted to do so last year, but I did not venture to. It is the line: "Not less we praise in darker days."I have obtained the Head Master's permission to alter darker to sterner. "Not less we praise in sterner days."Do not let us speak of darker days: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not dark days; these are great days—the greatest days our country has ever lived; and we must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race.绝不屈服，绝不，绝不，绝不温斯顿·丘吉尔1 将近一年前，应贵校校长盛情邀请，我来到这里唱了几首我们自己的歌曲，既为自己加油，也为一些朋友打气。
研究生英语综合教程 崔校平 翻译及课后答案 Unit4
Unit 4 Lierature and ArtsText A 参考译文诗，如同这世界，可以说是有四个时代的，不过程度不同罢了；诗的第一个时代是铁器时代、第二个是黄金时代；第三个是白银时代；第四个是黄铜时代。
在诗的第一个时代，铁器时代，粗野的歌人，用震耳的旋律，歌颂更粗野的魁酋们的丰功伟业，当时，人人都是战士，各式社会的最高实践箴言是：“保持我们所有的东西，夺取我们所能夺取。
”，这箴言尚未以正义的名义和法律的形式装扮起来，而是刀光剑影的一句露骨格言，白刃相向就是meum et meum(而我之间)一切问题的裁判和公断。
在那些日子，只有三种职业兴隆（除了时时都兴隆的祭司职业以外），那就是王者、盗贼、乞丐的职业：乞丐多半是穷途落魄的王者，盗贼则多半是前途似锦的王者。
向一个陌生者询问的第一个问题是：“你是乞丐还是盗贼?”陌生人回答，往往先冒充乞丐，等到方便时机，便证明他堪称为盗贼。
每个人的自然欲望，是把他所能获得的权势和财产，尽量独占为己有，不择手段，强权就是公理；加上一个同样自然的欲望，那就是让尽可能多的人知道，他在这个普遍追求中夺得多少东西。
成功的武士变成魁酋，成功的魁酋转成王者：他接着便需要一个工具来宣扬他的功业的名声和财富的多寡。
这个工具他在歌人身上找到了，歌人事前在他的美力充分感发之下，是随时准备歌颂他的武力的。
这就是诗的起源：诗，正如其他职业那样，是因有这种商品的需求而兴起，按照市场范围的扩大而繁荣的。
所以，诗在起源时是歌功颂德的。
各民族最早的粗野诗歌，好像是一种简要的历史介绍，用臃肿浮夸的调子，颂扬一些杰出人物的功绩和财产。
诗的黄金时代取材于铁器时代。
这个时代开始之时，诗便开始回顾往事，一种类似扩大的国家行政体系的制度已经建立起来，个人的力量和勇敢已经不足以扩张武人勇士的势力，不足以使帝王废立和国家兴亡了，有组织的人群，社会的制度，世袭的继承等等，将予以抑制。
人们也更多生活在真理光辉之中，交换着观察成果，从而看出了鬼神的作用不是那么经常在他们之间发生，从古代诗歌和传说看来好像经常在他们祖先之间发生似的。
全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations.What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。
这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进行了探讨。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don'tcall him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, itdoesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."寻找达沃斯人彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿,在芝加哥长大,就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。
大学英语综合教程4课文翻译
Unit1人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。
他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。
人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。
我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。
人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。
人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。
人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。
随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。
我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。
然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。
在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。
森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。
大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。
譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。
这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。
然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。
科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。
目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。
生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。
人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。
清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。
现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。
人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。
人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。
年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文句子课后翻译.
全新版大学英语综合教程四Unit1-5精选课文句子英翻中UNIT1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活 1.And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
2.In the summer we canoe on the river, go picnicking in the woods and take long bicyclerides. In the winter we ski and skate.日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。
冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。
3.Three months from now, it will be 95 above and we will be cultivating corn, weedingstrawberries and killing chickens.再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要ter this month, we'll spray the orchard, paint the barn, plant the garden and clean thehen house before the new chicks arrive.这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。
5.In between such chores, I manage to spend 50 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter ordoing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers.在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。
研究生综合英语 第二版 曾建彬主编 课文翻译Unit4
Unit4爱是一门艺术吗？艾里克·弗洛姆爱是一门艺术吗?那就需要知识并付出努力。
或者爱是一种令人愉悦的情感，只有幸运儿才能“坠入”爱河呢?这本小书是以第一种假设为前提的，而大多数人无疑都相信第二种假设。
人们并非认为爱无关紧要。
人们对于爱总是如饥似渴，悲欢离合的爱情电影他们百看不厌，百般无聊的爱情歌曲他们百听不烦。
但很少有人认为爱需要学习。
对爱的这种奇怪观点基于几个错误前提，这些前提或单独或一起支撑着这一观点。
多数人认为爱就是“被人爱”，而非“爱别人”，或主动去爱的能力。
因此，对他们而言，关键问题就在于如何被爱，如何粉可爱。
他们采取各种途径以期达到此目的。
一种方法就是成为成功人士，在自己的社会地位所许可的范围内获取最大量的权力和财产。
这种方法的效法者多为男性。
另一种方法则是通过保持身材和注重打扮使自己富有魅力。
女性尤为青睐该方法。
其他一些让自己魅力四射的方法有：举止得体，谈吐风趣，乐于助人、低调内敛等。
这些方式男女均有采用。
很多使自己可爱的方式和使自己成功的途径并无区别，那就是“赢得朋友和影响他人”。
事实上，社会上大多数人所理解的“可爱”无非是受大众欢迎和对异性有吸引力这两点的综合而已。
导致“爱不需要学习”这种看法的第二个前提是：人们想当然地认为爱的问题是“对象”问题，而不是“能力”问题。
人们认为爱是件很简单的事，困难在于要找到爱或被爱的对象。
造成这种态度的几大根源基于现代社会的发展。
原因之一是：在20世纪，人们对“恋爱对象”的选择出现了巨大变化。
在维多利亚时代，同许多传统文化一样，人们一般认为爱情并非是那种最终走向婚姻的自然产生的个人情感。
恰恰相反，人们认为婚姻是按照传统习俗约定的：或为父母之命，或为媒妁之言，也可能无须这些中介撮合；婚姻是按社会习俗的考虑决定的，婚姆既成，爱情随之自然而然地产生。
过去几十年以来，西方世界普遍认可自由恋爱。
在美国，尽管传统爱情观念并没有完全消失，但人们普遍在寻我“浪没爱情”寻找那种最终会走向的自由。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Text A: Fighting with the Forces of NatureAmong the forces of nature, wind and water are perhaps the two that have most effect on the land Wind and water, working together, are constantly changing the shape of the land Sometimes the wind blows very hard for a long time This is called a windstorm When a windstorm hits an area, it can cause a lot of damage It can blow away soil and destroy crops It can even destroy buildings and kill peopleWater also plays an important role in changing the land Rivers carry soil and sand from one place to another When the river slows down, the soil and sand are deposited Over time, this can form new land Sometimes a river can change its course This can cause problems for people who live near the riverPeople have always tried to control the forces of nature They have built dams to hold back water and prevent floods They have also planted trees to stop the wind from blowing away the soil But sometimes our efforts to control nature can have unexpected resultsFor example, when a dam is built, it may stop the flow of a river This can cause problems for fish and other animals that live in the river It can also change the climate of the area Sometimes our attempts to control nature can cause more harm than goodTranslation:在自然力量中，风和水也许是对陆地影响最大的两种力量。
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit4
Unit4 无子女家庭：亘古生息的反叛1二十好几的凯茜、韦恩夫妇结婚已有五年之久，膝下犹虚。
上次凯茜娘家有一个人问：“你们打算什么时候要孩子?”她答道：“我们就是孩子!”2凯茜与韦恩属于一代人数日益增长、决定不要孩子的年轻已婚夫妇群体。
最近一项调查显示在过去的五年中，年龄在25至29岁之间妇女不愿生养的百分比几乎翻了一番，在18至24岁的已婚妇女中几乎增至三倍。
在这个似乎大胆反抗生物性和社会性的决定后面隐藏着什么原因呢?3或许最能公开坦陈心曲的无子女夫妇是《婴儿陷阱》一书的作者：埃伦，派克，其夫威廉，一位广告总经理兼全国不生养夫妇协会主席。
派克夫妇认为他们和协会均无意反对生儿育女，不过是反对迫使人们传宗接代的社会压力，它无视人们是否殷切盼望和真的需要孩子或者根本不好此道。
4“这是一种生活方式的选择，”埃伦说，“我们选择自由和自愿，清净和闲暇。
这也是一个朝哪个方向付出努力的问题——在你自己的小家庭之内或在一个大的社团之中。
这一代人面临有关地球生命延续的严重问题以及生命质量的问题。
我们的孙男孙女也许将购票去观赏最后一批红松林或排队去获取氧气配给。
有人抱怨在回家见五个孩子的途中被交通堵塞困住好几个小时，但是他们不能将孩子与交通堵塞联系起来。
在一个受到人口过剩一系列后果威胁的世界上，我们正在参与一项事业使膝下无子的生活模式为社会所接受并受世人尊重。
太多的孩子作为一种文化强制的后果而呱呱坠地，离婚和虐待儿童的相关统计充分揭露了这一结果。
”5埃伦的丈夫补充说：“每位朋友、亲戚、同事不停地给你施加压力，劝你要孩子，说什么‘发现你生活中失去的东西’。
好多好多人很晚才发现，所谓他们失去的东西其实是他们完全不适合做的事情。
”6埃伦还说：“从抱第一个洋娃娃开始，大到欣赏电视肥皂剧，成年后参加鸡尾酒会，无形之中，总有一种压力要你为人父母。
但是让我们来看看养育失败的比率吧，或许天下父母应该视为像当医生一样的专门职业。
有些人擅长此道，他们应当生养孩子；有些人一窍不通，他们应该认为他们还有其他的选择。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
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Unit4课文翻译
第四单元Section A1a什么是连续剧？你知道那些连续剧？你曾看过连续剧吗？连续剧里会发生哪些事情?图片马西娅说了什么？我将在星期五晚上为拉娜举办一个令人惊喜的聚会。
我生马西娅的气。
我星期五晚上不去她家。
拉娜想她要到我家来学习。
1c她说什么？她说她将在星期五晚上为拉娜举办一个令人惊喜的聚会。
2a3. 拉娜说她星期五晚上将不去马西娅家。
2b马西娅将为你举办一个令人惊喜的聚会。
本告诉拉娜说马西娅将要为她举办一个令人惊喜的聚会。
我不在生马西娅的气。
拉娜说她不在生马西娅的气。
我将在星期五的晚上到马西娅家。
拉娜说她将在星期五晚上到马西娅家去。
我将不举办聚会。
马西娅告诉大家她将不举办聚会。
我将带一些饮料和零食到你家去。
拉娜说她将带一些零食到马西娅家去。
2c在昨晚的《年轻的生命》中发生了什么?Grammar Focu1.我生马西娅的气。
她说她生马西娅的气。
2.我正为拉娜举办聚会。
她说她正在为拉娜举办聚会。
3.我每个星期六到沙滩上去。
他说他每个星期六到沙滩上去。
4.我明天给你打电话。
他告诉我他明天／第二天给我打电话。
5.我会讲三种语言。
她说她会讲三种语言。
3a本周的《年轻的生命》对于连续剧《年轻的生命》里的人来说这是一个激动人心的星期。
首先，马西娅告诉本说她将为拉娜举办一个令人惊喜的聚会，并且拉娜想她将要去她家里学习。
然后拉娜告诉本她在生马西娅的气并且她不打算在星期五去马西娅的家。
所以本告诉拉娜说马西娅打算为她举办一个聚会。
拉娜告诉本说她不在生马西娅的气，她将在星期五的晚上去马西娅的家。
可是，马西娅给每个人打了电话并且告诉他们她将不举办聚会了。
4学生A：你在家。
B和C正在B的家里做家庭作业。
你想让B把这一信息传给：C借了你的夹克还没有还。
你想知道他为什么不还，夹克现在在哪儿。
学生B：你在家。
C在你家做家庭作业。
A打电话来向你传个信息给C。
你把信息传给C，并将C的答复告诉A。
学生C：你在B的家里做家庭作业。
你带上了A的夹克。
研究生英语综合教程(上)unit4翻译
下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。
此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。
该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。
爱和情感连系奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。
它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。
家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。
众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。
而对比之下，拥有爱和拥抱的婴儿通常体重增加得快，哭得少，而笑得多。
到了五岁时，他们的智商和语言测试的分数明显比前一类儿童高得多。
2很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。
正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。
在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。
3对自己的爱，或者说自爱，对我们的社会性和情感发展也是至关重要的。
女演员梅·韦斯特曾说过，“我从没有像爱自己那样爱过别人。
”虽然这样的话听起来似乎有些以自我为中心，实际上却是相当有见地。
社会学家将自爱描述为自尊的一个重要基础。
从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。
弗罗姆(1956)认为自爱是爱别人的先决条件。
不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱，而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。
那么到底什么是爱?是什么让人们走到一起?4爱是一个难以描述的概念。
我们都经历过爱，觉得我们知道爱是什么，然而当被问到什么是爱时，人们给出的答案却不尽相同，比如一个九岁的男孩说，“爱像雪崩，你必须快跑才能活命。
大学英语综合教程4课文翻译Divine Intervention
大学英语综合教程4课文翻译Divine Intervention 罗伯·波尔博士想吃一顿热火鸡晚餐和一片苹果派。
52岁的内科医生在他的家庭诊所忙了一周治疗喉咙痛和耳朵感染的患者后，准备在他的教堂一年一度的筹款晚宴上做一晚家常菜和团契。
波尔和他的家人走进圣约翰联合教堂拥挤的体育馆，发现一长串人在等着就座。
他并不惊讶。
火鸡盛宴在伊利诺伊州莫凯纳市已成为一项受欢迎的活动，数百名来自周边地区的人参加了这项盛宴，他们提供了美味的食物，并愿意支付10美元来堆放他们的盘子，并帮助支付教堂新社区中心的费用。
波尔和他的妻子达娜以及他们14岁的儿子凯尔每年都去。
3坐下后，波尔刚把餐巾放在膝盖上，就听到房间另一边有骚动。
”救命一个女人喊道。
“有人知道怎么做海姆利克吗？”医生从桌子上跳起来，看到一位白发女子瘫倒在椅子上。
“我是医生，怎么了？”波尔对聚集在76岁的帕特·罗勒周围的人群说。
“我岳母被一块火鸡噎死了，”一位疯狂的科琳·罗勒回答。
“我们已经尝试过海姆利克手法，但它不起作用。
”波尔伸手绕过帕特的腹部，用拳头猛地向上拉。
什么也没发生。
他迅速移动，把帕特抬起来，放在地板上，让她处于更好的位置。
他又试了两次海姆利克，但她没有回应。
这不可能发生，波尔想。
他担心自己帮不了她。
抬头一看，他认出了史蒂夫·霍布林，他办公室附近医院的护士。
“史蒂夫，把你的手指伸进她的喉咙，看看你能不能把什么东西扫出来，”他说。
霍布林伸手取出一小块火鸡。
但是帕特仍然没有呼吸。
事实上，她正在迅速变蓝。
显然，一些食物仍然卡在她的喉咙里。
波尔知道他需要做一些激烈的事情——而且要快——让空气进入她的肺部。
他唯一的机会是进行紧急气管切开术。
8“打911！给我拿把锋利的刀！”他喊道。
他的妻子跑到厨房，霍布林递给他一把小刀。
波尔以前从未做过手术。
他回想起了他唯一一次看到一场表演：20年前在他的住院期间。
该手术是在无菌、受控的环境下由专业外科医生完成的。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT4课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT41. Think for a moment about your own life — the activities of your day, the possessions you enjoy, the surroundings in which you live. Is there anything you don’t have at this moment that you would like to have? Anything that you have, but that you would like more of? If your answer is “no,” then congratulations — either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner . The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.2 Almost everything in your daily life is scarce. You would benefit from a larger room or apartment, so you have a scarcity of space. You have only two pairs of shoes and could use a third for hiking; you have a scarcity of shoes. You would love to take a trip to Chicago, but it is difficult for you to find the time or the money to go — trips to Chicago are scarce.3 Because of scarcity, each of us is forced to make choices. We must allocate our scarce time to different activities: work, play, education, sleep, shopping, and more. We must allocate our scarce spending power among different goods and services: food, furniture, movies, long-distance phone calls, and many others.4 Economists study the choices we make as individuals and how those choices shape our economy. For example, the goods that each of us decides to buy ultimately determine which goods business firms will produce. This, in turn, explains which firms and industries will hire new workers and which will lay them off.5. Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or — like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.6. Think for a moment about the goals of our society. We want a high standard of living for all citizens: clean air, safe streets, and good schools. What is holding us back from accomplishing all of these goals in a way that would satisfy everyone? You probably already know the answer: scarcity. 1. 想一想你的生活：你每天从事的活动，你所拥有的财产，你所居住的环境。
研究生英语综合教程（下）课文翻译
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happin ess1 Hurric anes, housefires, cancer, whitew aterraftin g accide nts, planecrashe s, viciou s attack s in dark alleyw ays. Nobody asks for any of it. But to theirsurpri se, many people find that enduri ng such a harrow ing ordeal ultima telychange s them for the better.Theirrefrai n mightgo someth ing like this: "I wish it hadn't happen ed, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the storie s of people who have been transf ormed by theirtribul ation s, perhap s becaus e they testif y to a bona fide type of psycho logic al truth, one that someti mes gets lost amid endles s report s of disast er: Thereseemsto be a built-in humancapaci ty to flouri sh underthe most diffic ult circum stanc es. Positi ve respon ses to profou ndlydistur bingexperi ences are not limite d to the toughe st or the braves t.In fact, roughl y half the people who strugg le with advers ity say that theirlivessubseq uentl y in some ways improv ed.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
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Unit 4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love.This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.在过去的几个世纪里，婚姻总是和浪漫的爱情联系起来。
这一揽子交易可不容易维护，的确，很多人在试图将婚姻和浪漫的爱情结合起来时失败了。
不过，许多人仍然追求婚姻。
这是和婚姻相关的另一种自相矛盾的情况。
(Para. 2)Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation,(b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.要实现这一揽子交易，有如下几点主要的困难：1. 在现代社会，婚姻已不是实现像抚养孩子，加强个人地位，及改善经济状况等任务的惟一形式。
2. 长期的浪漫关系的问题在于他们缺乏重大变化，而变化对于普遍意义的情感特别是爱情具有重要意义。
3.浪漫的界线在现代社会中更加灵活，这就使得那些在婚姻关系中建议的严格的情感联系和限制难以维持。
(Para. 3a) In modern society, most of the penalties for dissolving a marriage have been removed and many of the incentives that marriage offers can be obtained in other social frameworks.现代社会中，大多数由于结束婚姻关系所受的惩罚已被取消，而婚姻关系提供的许多奖励也能通过其他社会结构获得。
The choice of staying within a marriage depends, therefore, more on the issue of love than on those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation.因此，选择继续留在婚姻中更多的是由于爱情而不是婚姻关系具有的那些传统的独特的优势，例如抚养孩子，加强个人地位，及改善经济状况。
(Para. 3b) If a person feels that her present marital relationship prevents her from experiencing genuine love (and from personal development and satisfaction), there is little incentive for her to stay in the marriage. The fact that most divorce cases now cite a lack of love as the reason for seeking to end the marriage indicates the greater importance that love has in contemporary marriages.如果一个人觉得她目前的婚姻不能使她体验真挚的爱情，以及她的个人发展和内心满足，她就不太有维持婚姻关系的动机了。
许多离婚案件现在会用缺少爱情作为寻求结束婚姻关系的原因。
这一事实表明爱情在当代婚姻关系中愈发重要。
(Para. 4a)Romantic relationships consist of both change, which increases excitement, and familiarity, which enhances commitment and liking. The positive role of familiarity may lead love to grow and become deeper over time. However, the lack of novelty may make the element of passion less intense. As David Barash and Judith Lipton put it, “we don’t normally speak of a passionate marriage.浪漫关系由两方面变化构成，一方面更令人兴奋，更熟悉，另一方面增强承诺和喜好。
熟悉的积极作用可以导致爱情成长，感情随着时间的推移更深。
但是，缺乏新奇性可以使激情元素不再强烈。
正如大为和朱迪思所说的“我们通常不说充满激情的婚姻。
(Para. 4b)A good marriage, a happy marriage, a comfortable and compatible marriage, yes, but only rarely a passionate one.” They further argue that a passionate marriage would be exhausting, as to “live in a state of perpetual passion” would be to forgo much of the rest of life, and, in truth, there are other things. Love can deepen and broaden ... but it rarely becomes more passionate.一段美好的婚姻、一段幸福的婚姻、一段自在的包容的婚姻，是的，只是很少说一段充满激情的婚姻”。
他们进而争论说，一段充满激情的婚姻可能太令人疲惫，因为“要保持永恒的热情”将要放弃生活中许多其他的内容，而事实上，生活中还有其他事情。
爱情能够更深厚更宽广，却很少变得更热烈。
(Para. 4c)Likewise, sex in long-term relationship may be less passionate but because of familiarity and acquiring better techniques may be more satisfied.同样地，性爱在长期的浪漫关系中可能不那么热烈却由于相互熟悉和掌握了更好的技巧而更加满意。
In any case, stability in marriage and well-being are not one and the same: a stable marriage does not necessarily mean that marriage is particularly gratifying or vital. There is no general solution to the problem of the “right” amount and type of change required for more profound and enduring romantic love.无论如何，婚姻的稳定性和福利不是一回事：一段稳定的婚姻不必然地意味着那段婚姻特别满意或充满生机。
没有一个总的方案来解决需要多少“适当”的数量和类型的变化来拥有更深远的更持久的浪漫爱情这一问题。
(Para. 5)The problem of a long-term romantic relationship that usually lacks significant changes is further enhanced in marriage, which involves more obstacles to close personal relationships. In the last few hundred years, marriage has become part of a package deal that is also intended to include love. The more independent that we become and the more flexible our romantic boundaries are, the more it becomes difficult to take on the whole package.长期的浪漫关系通常缺乏重大变化这个问题在婚姻中进一步强化。
在婚姻中终止恋人关系涉及到更多的障碍。
在过去的几百年间，婚姻成为一揽子交易中试图包含爱情的一部分。
我们越独立，浪漫界线越灵活，就越难承担这一揽子交易。
One such difficulty is that love, and often ideal love, becomes a necessary condition of the deal.其中的一个难题就是爱情，往往是理想的爱情，成为这一揽子交易的必要条件。