托福TPO口语17文本
托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a talk in a sociology class. Now let's talk about a particular cultural process: diffusion. Since the beginning of human history, diverse cultures have taken advantage of one another's innovations when they've come into contact. Diffusion is the process whereby something cultural…like a custom, a type of food or an invention is spread from one group to another, or from one society to another. One group adopts a cultural item, or, more selectively, just part of a cultural item of another group, you see?Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways: military conquest or tourism or even something like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world. For example take something like reading a modern newspaper here in the US. Have you ever thought about where the letters, the characters on the page you're reading, where they came from? They were borrowed from another culture many centuries ago. Then, the printing of the words, well, that process was invented in Germany, and finally, the paper itself, the paper was invented in China. These innovations from all over the world were shared across cultures over time, and so today we have newspapers in the US. So the process of diffusion might take place over long distances and over long periods of time.Now I’m not saying that diffusion happens easily, as I mentioned, sometimes it’s selective. For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture. The Chinese practice of using needles to cure disease or relieve pain. So, lots of people in the US have realized that acupuncture is effective, but few of them fully understand or have committed themselves to the philosophy behind acupuncture. Cultures tend to resist ideas that seem to foreign, too different from their own beliefs and values. But the ideas which aren’t perceived as too different, are often incorporated, absorbed, diffused into their culture, so the practice of acupuncture has been absorbed into US culture, but not the philosophies of Chinese medicine. 托福TPO17口语Task6题目： Using points and examples from the talk explain the concept of diffusion. 托福TPO17口语Task6满分范文： Diffusion is a cultural process through which a cultural feature, like a custom or an innovation is spread from one group or society to another when the two cultures come into contact. This process can take place over long distances and over long periods of time. A good example of this is reading modern newspaper in the U. S. The characters in the paper were borrowed from another culture hundreds of years ago;the printing was invented in Germany; then the paper itself was invented in China. However, the process of diffusion does not happen easily; it's selective. For example, the practice of Chinese acupuncture has been accepted by many people in the U. S. as an effective way of relieving pain and curing disease. But the philosophy behind it was hardly understood and accepted because the idea was too foreign, and people tend to resist the ideas that are too different from their own values and beliefs. (155 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO17 综合写作 听力文本
ListeningThe passage clams that there will be fewer and fewer birds, but the arguments used to support this claim are unconvincing.First, it’s true that urban growth has been bad for some types of birds, but urban development actually provides better and larger habitats for other types, so much so that city and suburban dwellers often complain about increased birds populations—seagulls at landfills, pigeons on the streets and so on. Even birds like hawks and falcons can now be found in cities, where they prey on the increasing populations of pigeons and rodents. So it’s not going to be a story of uniform decline of bird populations in the future. Some populations may shrink, but others will grow.As for agriculture, it’s true that it too will increase in the future, but not in the way assumed by the reading passage. The truth is, in the United States, less and less land is being used for agriculture every year. Increasing in agricultural production have resulted from and will continue to result from the introduction of new, more productive varieties of crops. These new crops produce more food per unit of land, and as a result, there’s no need to destroy wilderness areas.And third, while it’s certainly true that traditional pesticides have been destruct ive to birds, it’s incorrect to project this history into the future. Now that people are aware of the possible consequences of traditional pesticides, two changes have occurred. First, new and much less toxic pesticides have been developed, and that’s imp ortant. Second, and perhaps more importantly there is a growing trend to develop more pest resistant crops, crops that are genetically designed to be unattractive to pests. Pest resistant crops greatly reduce the need for chemical pesticides. And best of all, pest resistant crops don’t harm birds at all.。
【托福写作范文】托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文——广告的作用
【托福写作范文】托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文——广告的作用【托福写作范文】托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文——广告的作用在托福写作练习过程中，相信TPO材料中的作文题目都会是大家的首选练习材料。
但是，对于每个题目仅仅只是练习写还是不够的，有针对性的解析和指导性，才会让TPO材料更有其使用价值。
那么，下面我们就为大家带来TPO写作材料的系列解析内容。
托福独立写作题目及范文：广告的作用Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Most advertisements make products seem much better then they really are.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.分类: 独立写作话题: 广告、影视、媒体、交流托福TPO17独立写作范文：Advertising is one of the most useful ways for enterprise to convince their customers of the products. In fact, advertisements should be honest that it contains real information of the product. Meanwhile nowadays advertisement appears to be more misleading and make products better from the appearance.Advertisement seems to make us hard to tell the reality from the fantasy.There is a specific example. When targeted to the young children, enterprises tend to use fantasy themes and characters from fantasy movies to help show off their product. Since young children tend not to tell the reality to the fantasy, they will be misled and believe that the product appearing in the advertisement is worth buying. But in fact, the quality of theproduct will disappoint its buyers.Moreover, nowadays manufacturers tend to ask celebrities to advertise theirproducts. This will also be misleading, too. The celebrities who advertise theproduct may not use the product at all and he knows nothing about the product.But the audiences tend to believe him since they think the celebrity is alwaysresponsible for what he said in a public situation. The celebrity makes thisproduct worth buying, but in fact, it is not as good as the thing appears on thetelevision.Sometimes manufacturers just do not ask any celebrities to help them withadvertising. What they do is just to find someone acting as the users of theproduct. This will be even more misleading since they better convince theaudience that the product is of great use, since the audience tends to believepeople who have something in common with themselves. On the contrary, theproduct is not usually so valuable that the audience is cheated bymerchants.Under these circumstances, advertisements seem misleading and make peoplefeel better about the product. Although there is possibilitythat someadvertisements are worth believing, at most time advertisement seems to guide usto a wrong direction.。
【托福听力资料】托福TPO17听力文本——Conversation2
【托福听力资料】托福TPO17听力文本——Conversation2【托福听力资料】托福TPO17 听力文本——Conversation 2众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 17 Conversation 2Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a food servicemanager.Student：Excuse me, Mrs. Hanson. My name is John, John Grant. I work as a waiter in the campus dining hall, in the faculty dining room.Manager：hat can I do for you, John?Student： Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I could switch from working the dinner service to working at lunch.Manager：That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.Student：Oh, you see, I have joined this group, the University Jazz Band, andthe band’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard toget into this group, I must have auditioned like ten times since I have been at the school, so I am ... Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinner hour free so I can go to practice.Manager：Well, we do have other open times, like breakfast.Student：Eh, that won’t work, I am sorry. I mean that, Ican’t work thatearly. I have this very important music class I got to take, and it is like, first thing in the morning.Manager ：Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexible hours for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon.Student ：What’s prep work?Manager ：You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads.Student ：Oh, that doesn’t sound, I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but ...Manager：Well, the money is no different since we pay students the same amount for any of the jobs here in food service, so it’s up to you.Student ：Oh, man. I always thought that sacrificing for my art, that’d mean working long hours as a musician for, like, no money. I didn’t think it’d mean, peeling carrots.Manager ：Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it is right here on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite a sacrifice.Student ：I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into the food-prep job.Manager ：Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop bytomorrow to talk about the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager know that he needs to find a new waiter for the evening. Student ：Oh, ok, I g uess that’ s it. Thanks, Mrs. Hanson.。
【英语考试 托福】TPO17听力文本 共(8页)
TPO 17ConversationNarrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.Professor OK, let’ s see. Right, Modern Stagings of a Shakespearian Classic. Well, like I told you last week, I think that’s a great topic for you paper. So the t itle would be something like ... uh ...Student I am not really sure, probably something like 20th century stagings of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Professor Yes, I like that. Straightforward and to the point. So how is the research going?Student Well, t hat’s what I came to talk to you about. I was wondering if you happen to have a copy of the Peter Brook production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream in your video collection. I’ve been looking for it everywhere and I am having a really hard time tracking it down.Professor That’s because it doesn’t exist.Student You mean in your collection? Or at all?Professor I mean at all. That particular production was never filmed or recorded.Student Oh no. I had no idea. From what I read, that production, like, it influenced every other production of the play that came after it. So I just assumed it had been filmed or videotape d.Professor Oh, It definitely was a landmark production. And it’s not like it ran for just a week, but either it was never filmed or if it was the film’s been lost. And it’s ironic because there’s even a film about the making of the production, but none of the production itself.Student So now what do I do? If there is no video.Professor Well, think about it. This is the most i mportant 20th century staging of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, right? Student But how can I write about Brook’s interpretation of the play if I can’t see his production.Professor Just because there’s no recording doesn’t mean you can’t figure out how it influenced other productions. Student Yeah, I guess there’s enough material around, but it will be a challenge.Professor True. But think about it, you are writing about dramatic arts, the theater, and that’s the nature of theater, isn’t it?Student You mean because it is live, when the performance is finished ...Professor That’s it. Unless it’s filmed, it’s gone. But that doesn’t mean we can’t study it. And of course some students in this class are writing about productions in the 19th century, there are no videos of those. You know, one of the challenges for people who study theater is to find way of talking about something that’s really so transient短暂的、片刻的、转瞬即逝的, about something that, in a sense, doesn’t exist.Lecture 1-Art History ( Prehistoric Art Dating )Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor Good morning, ready to continue our review of prehistoric art? Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period旧石器时代, which I am roughly defining as the period from 35,000 to 8,000 BC. A lot of those cavedrawings you have all seen come from this period. But we are also be talking about portable works of art, things that could be carried around from place to place. Here is one example.This sculpture is called the Lady with the Hood, and it was carved from ivory象牙, probably a mammoth’s tusk长牙、獠牙. Its age is a bit of a mystery. According to one source, it dates from 22,000 BC. But other sources claimed it has been dated closer to 30,000 BC. Amy?Amy Why don’t we know the exact date when this head was made?Professor That’s a fair question. We are talking about prehistory here. So obviously the artists didn’t put a signature or a date on anything they did. So how do we know when this figure was carved?Tom Last semester I took an archaeology考古学class and we spent a lot time on, studying ways to date things. One technique I remember was using the location of an object to date it, like how deep it was buried.Professor That would be Stratigraphy地层学；地层情况. Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art. When archaeologist s are digging at a site, they make very careful notes about which stratum岩层、地层( strata ), which layer of earth they find things in. And, you know, the general rule is that the oldest layers are at the lowest level. But this only works if the site hasn’t been touched, and the layers are intact完整无缺的；未经触动的；未受损伤的. A problem with this dating method is that an object could have been carried around, used for several generations before it was discard ed. So it might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found. The stratification层化、成层technique gives us the minimum age of an object, which isn’t necessarilly its true age. Tom, in your archaeology class, did you talk about radiocarbon dating放射性碳年代测定法?Tom Yeah, we did. That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon放射性碳、碳的放射性同位元素that’s left in organic stuff. Because we know how fast radiocarbon decay s, we can figure out the age of the organic material.Professor The key word there is organic. Is art made of organic material?Tom Well, you said the lady with the hood was carved out of ivory. That ’s organic.Professor Absolutely. Any other examples?Amy Well, when they did those cave drawings. Didn’t they use, like chacoal or maybe colors, dye s made from plants? Professor Fortunately, they did, at least some of the time. So it turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art. But again there’s a problem. This technique destroys what it analyzes, so you have to chip off bits of the object for testing. Obviously we are reluctant to do that in some cases. And apart from that, there’s another problems. The date tells you the age of the material, say, a bone or a tree, the object is made from, but not the date when the artist actually created it. So, with radiocarbon dating, we get the maximum possible age for the object, but it could be younger. Ok, let’ s say our scientific analysis has produced an age range. Can we narrow it down?Amy Could we look for similar styles or motives? You know, try to find things common to one time period.Professor We do that all the time. And when we see similiarities in pieces of art, we assume some connection in time or place. But is it possible that we could be imposing our own values on that analysis?Tom I am sorry. I don’t get your point.Professor Well, we have all kinds of pre-conceived ideas about how artistic styles develop. For example, a lot of people think the presence of details demonstrates that the work was done by a more sophisticated artist. While a lack of detail suggests a primitive style. But trends in art in the last century or so certainly challenge that idea. Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric art can help dating them. But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line, from simple to complex representations.Amy What you are saying is, I mean, I get the feeling that this is like a legal process, like building a legal case, the more pieces of evidence we have, the closer we get to the truth.Professor Great analogy. And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture, the lady with the hood.Lecture 2-Environmental Science ( Milankovitch Hypothesis )Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.Professor Ok, so we have been talking about theories that deal with the effects of human activity on the climate. But today I’d like to talk a little bit about other theorie s that can explain variations in climate. And one of the best-known is called the Milankovitch Hypothesis.Now what the Milankovitch Hypothesis is about? It says that variations in earth’s movements, specifically in its orbit around the sun, these variations lead to differences in the amount of solar energy that reaches the earth. And it is these differences in the amount of energy that’s reaching earth from the sun, it is what causes variations in earth’s climate. Ok, a lot of people think of earth’s orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular圆形的、环形的、循环的, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well -made watch, but it just doesn’t work that way. You are probably aware that the earth’s orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval椭圆形的, it is elliptical椭圆形的. But the shape of this orbit isn’t consistent, it varies over time, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. An d when earth’s orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year. Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? well, because most of the planet’s glaciers are in the n orthern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we’ve already talked about how that affects earth’s overall temperature.The second movement involved in the hypothesis has to do with axial tilt. The tilt of earth’s axis, that imaginery pole that runs through the center of the earth. And depending on the angle it tilts at, the seasons can be more or less severe. It makes winters cooler and summers warmer, or what some might say it is doing now, it makes summers less hot, and more importantly, the winters less cold. Which just like what I mentioned before, can also stop, prevent glaciers from forming, or cause them to melt.There is a third movement the hypothesis covers called precession运动. Precession, basically is the change in the direction of earth’s axis of rotation转动轴. It will take me a million years to explain even just the basics of thismovement as precession is quite complex. And all these details are way beyond our scope. What’s important for you to understand is that these three movements, well, they are cyclical轮转的、循环的, and they work together to form, to produce complex but regular variation s变化、变动in earth’s climate, and lead to the growth or decline of glaciers. Now, when Milankovitch first propose d this theory in the 1920s, many of his colleague s were skeptical怀疑性的、好怀疑的. Milankovitch didn’t have any proof. Actually there wouldn’t be any evidence to support his hypothesis until the 1970s, when oceanographer s海洋学家were able to drill deep into the seafloor and collect samples, samples which were then analyzed by geologist s. And from these samples they were able to put together a history of ocean temperatures going back hundreds of thousands of years, and this showed that earth’s climate had changed pretty much the way Milankovitch’s hypothesis suggested it would. So this evidence was pretty strong support for the Milankovitch Hypothesis. And by the 1980s, most people accepted this theory.However, in the late 1980s, some scientists were exploring Devil’s Hole, which is basically an extensive water-filled cave, far from the ocean, in Nevada2, in the western United States. Over millions of years, groundwater left deposits of a mineral called calcite3方解石, on the rock within Devil’s Hole. And by studying these calcite deposits, we can determine the climate conditions, the temperatures over the last half million years. Well, the Devil’s Hole findings contradict ed the ones obtained during the 1970s, so basically the question was, were the ages of one or both the samples were wrong, or were scientists misunderstanding the significance of the evidence.Well, in the 1990s, a new study was done on the two samples. And the ocean floor samples were found to be correct, as were the samples from Devil’s Hole. And now it is generally believed that the sample from Devil’s Hole correspond to相当于variations in local climate, in the western United States, rather than global climate changes.Conversation 2Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a food service manager.Student Excuse me, Mrs. Hanson. My name is John, John Grant. I work as a waiter in the campus dining hall, in the faculty dining room.Manager What can I do for you, John?Student Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I could switch from working the dinner service to working at lunch.Manager That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any opening s at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.Student Oh, you see, I have joined this group, the University Jazz Band爵士乐队, and the band’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard to get into this group, I must have audition ed试听、试音like ten times since I have been at the school, so I am ... Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinner hour free so I can go to practice. Manager Well, we do have other open times, like breakfast.Student Eh, that won’t work, I am sorry.I mean that, I can’t work that early. I have this very important music class Igot to take, and it is like, first thing in the morning.Manager Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexible hour s for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon.Student What’s prep work?Manager You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads. Student Oh, that doesn’t sound, I mean... Bein g a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but ...Manager Well, the money is no different since we pay students the same amount for any of the jobs here in food service, so it’s up to you.Student Oh, man. I always thought that sacrificing for为…而牺牲my art, that’d mean working long hours as a musician for, like, no money. I didn’t think it’d mean, peeling carrots.Manager Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it is right here on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite a sacrifice.Student I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into the food-prep job.Manager Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop by tomorrow to talk about the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager know that he needs to find a new waiter for the evening.Student Oh, ok, I guess that’s it. Thanks, Mrs. Hanson.Lecture 3-History(Ancient Egyptian Calendar)Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a history class. The professor has been discussing ancient Egypt.Professor Ok, so one of the challenges that faced ancient civilization s like Egypt was timekeeping, calendar s日历、月历. When you have to grow food for whole cities of people, it is important to plant your crops at the right time. And when you start having financial obligations, rents, taxes, you have to keep track of how often you pay. So today we will look at how the Egyptian s adressed these problems. In fact, they ended up using two calendars, one to keep track of the natural world, or their agriculture concerns, and another one, that was used to keep track of the business functions of the Kingdom. So let’s take a look at the hows and whys of one ancient Egyptian calendar system, starti ng with the Nile River. Why the Nile? Well, there’s no other way to put it. Egyptian life basically revolve d around the mysterious rise and fall of the river. The success of their agriculture system depended upon them knowing when the river would change. So, naturally, their first calendar was divided up into three seasons, each based on the river’s changes: inundation淹没、泛滥, subsidence沉淀、陷没、下沉and harvest.The first season was the flooding, or inundation, when the Nile valley was essentially submerge d in water for a few months or so. And afterwards during the season of subsidence, the water would subside, or recede, revealing a new layer of fertile black silt淤泥and allowing for the planting of various crops. And finally the time of the year would arrive when the valley would produce crops, such as wheat, barley大麦, fruit, all ready to harvest. Ok, so it was important to the ancient Egyptians to know when their Nile based seasons would occur, their way of life depended upon it.Now, the way they used to count time was based on the phases of the moon月相, which, regularly and predictably, goes through a cycle, starting with a new moon, then to a full moon, and back again to the new moon. Now this cycle wes then used to determine the length of their month. So, um, one lunar cycle月运周期was one Egyptian month, and about four of the months would constitute a season. Now, 12 of these months was an approximately 354-day year. So they had a 354-day agricultural calendar that was designed to help them determine when the Nile would inundate淹没、（洪水般地）涌来、充满the land.Well, of course it had to be more complicated than that. The average amount of time between floodings wasn’t actually 354 days. I mean, although it varies, the average was clearly longer than 354 days. So how did they keep this short calendar in step with the actual flooding of the Nile?Well, their astronomer s had discovered that at a certain time of year the brightest star, Sirius天狼星, would disappear. Actually, it’d be hidden in the glare of the Sun. And then, a couple of months later, one morning in the eartern sky just before dawn, Sirius would reappear. And it happened regularly, about every 365 days. Even more significantly, the reappearance of Sirius would occur around the same time as the Nile’s flooding. And this annual event is called a heliacal太阳的；和太阳同时或几乎同时出没的rising4.The heliacal rising was a fair indicator of when the Nile would flood. The next new moon, after the heliacal rising of Sirius, which happened in the last month of the calendar year, marked the New Year. And because the ancient Egyptians were using the lunar cycle in combination with this heliacal rising, some years ended up having 12 lunar months, while others had 13 lunar calender阴历months, if Sirius didn’t rise in the 12th month.Even though the length of the agricultural calendar still fluctuate d, with some years having 12 months and others having 13, it ended up being much more reliable than it was before. They continually adjusted it to the heliacal rising of Sirius, ensuring that they never got too far off in their seasons. This new calendar was ideal, because, well, it worked well for agricultural purposes as well as for knowing when to have traditional religious festivals. So, that was their first calendar. But was it any way to run a government? They didn’t think so. For administrative purposes, it was very inconvenient to have years of different lengths. So another calendar was introduced, an administrative one. Probably soon after 3,000 BC, they declared a 365-day year, with 12 months per year, with exactly 30 days each month, with an extra 5 days at the end of each year. This administrative calendar existed alongside the earlier agricultural and religious calendar that depended on the heliacal rising of Sirius. This administrative calendar was much easier to use for things like scheduling taxes and other things that had to be paid on time. Over time, the calendar got out of step with seasons and the flooding of the Nile, but for bureaucratic purposes, they didn’t mind.Lecture 4-Biology(Octopus)Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.ProfessorOk, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanism s. And that’s the octopus章鱼, one of the unusual creatures that live in the sea. The octopus is prey被捕食的动物、猎物、牺牲品to many species,including humans, so how does it escape its predators?Well, let me back up here a second. Anyone ever heard of Proteus? Proteus希腊海神；多变的人was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly.Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. Just like Proteus, the octopus can go through all kinds of incredible transformation s. And it does this in three ways: by changing color, by changing its texture, and by changing its size and shape. For me, the most fascinating transformation is when it changes its color. It’s a normal skin color, the one it generally presents, is either red or brown or even grey, and it ’s speckled有斑点的with dark spot s. But when it wants to blend in with its environment to hide from its enemies, it can take on the color of its immediate目前的、当前的；直接的；最接近的surroundings: the ocean floor, a rock, a piece of coral珊瑚, whatever. Charles?Student Do we know how that works, I mean, how they change colors?ProfessorWell, we know that the reaction that takes place is not chemical in nature. The color changes are execute d by two different kinds of cells in the octopus’ skin, mainly by color cell s on the skin’s surface call chromatophore s色素胞、色素体.Chromatophores consist of tiny sack s filled with color dye. There might be a couple hundred of these color sacks per square millimeter of the octopus’ skin, and depending on the species, they can come in as many as five different colors. Each one of these sacks is controlled by muscles. If the muscles are relaxed, the sack shrinks, and all you see is a little white point. But if the muscle’s contract, then the sack expands, and you can see the colors. And by expanding different combinations.Student And just with various combinations of those five colors, they can recreate any color in their environment? ProfessorWell, they can no doubt create a lot with just those five colors, but you are right, maybe they can’t mimic every color around them, so that’s where the second kind of cell comes in.Just below the chromatophores is a layer of cells that reflect light from the environment, and these cells help the octopus create a precise match with the colors that surround them. The colors from the color sacks are supplemented with colors that are reflected from the environment, and that’s how they are able to mimic colors with such precision. So, that’s how octopus mimic colors.But they don’t just mimic the colors in their environment; they can alos mimic the texture of objects in their environment. They have these little projections on their skin that allow them to resemble various textures. The projections are called papillae. If the octopus wants to have a rough texture, it raises the papillae. If it wants to have a smooth texture, it flattens out the papillae, so it can acquire a smooth texture to blend in with the sandy bottom of the sea.So the octopus has the ability to mimic both the color and the texture of its environment. And it’s truly amazing how well it can blend in with its surroundings. You can easily swim within a few feet of an octopus and never see it.Student I read that they often hide from predators by squirting out a cloud of ink, or something like that.ProfessorYes. The octopus can release a cloud of ink if it feels threatened. But it doesn’t hide behind it, as is generall y believed. Um, the ink cloud is ... it serves to distract a predator while the octopus makes its escape.Um, now there’s a third way that octopus can transform themselves to blend in with or mimic their environment, and that’s by changing their shape a nd size, well, at least their apparent size.The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures. So it can contract into the shape of a little round stone, and sit perfectly still on the seafloor. Or it can nestle up in the middle of a plant and take the shape of one of the leaves. Even Proteus would be impressed, I think.新托福综合写作高分十大句型十大经典句型博得新托福综合写作高分第一，定语从句。
2017托福口语真题分析与范文
2.252017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why.l A theater performance by the student actorsl A concert provided by professional musicianl A lecture from a professorSample Answer:Well, as a student, I will choose a theater performance by the student actors. For one thing, this kind of activity will improve their cooperation skills. To be more specific, a theater performance includes the whole process of organizing, participating, and promoting an event. Whether the student director or the actor take the responsibility to achieve his/her duty, so this is a great opportunity for them to learn how to deal with other people. Moreover, a performance could greatly inspire them to be more creative. I mean, in order to make a good show, students may have lots of difficulties to cope with, so they have to be flexible to face any emergency. As a result, they may come up with lots of new ideas to make it. Because of these two reasons, I believe this is the best choice. (140 words)Task 2Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why?Sample Answer:Of course I agree with this idea. Firstly people are bound to be different. We have various family background as well as education background even though we are friends. So it is quite naturally that there come up different ideas toward one problem. For example I like watching movie in the movie theatre while my best friend Amy hate sitting in the dark place. But I never require her to go with me; we are still very close friends. Also, the friend who holds a different attitude with me sometimes could inspire me to think from another way. Maybe a very sharp discussion can lead me to an inspiring idea. After all, the experiences and knowledge of one person is limited. For me, I like the friend who are differ from me. (132 words)Task 3阅读标题：Create a Student Magazine原因1： Students spend a lot of time on their paper, and some of them have high quality. So we need a magazine to publish those good quality papers.原因2： Publish students’ paper can share information about their academic achievement and provide them confidence听力态度：Approval原因1：There are a lot of paper, we can select some of them to publish on a magazine. This will be an encouragement for the students.原因2：Other students will be able to find useful material from these paper and they can learn how to organize their own paper.Sample Answer:The student in the letter suggests that school should create a Student Magazine because they need a magazine to publish those good quality papers written by students and in this way students can share information about their academic achievement and provide them confidence. The man in the conversation totally agrees with this idea because for one thing, there are a lot of papers for them to select some of them to publish on a magazine, especially those good quality ones. This will be a great encouragement for the students. For another thing, other students will be able to find useful materials from these papers so they can learn how to organize their own paper. Considering those benefits, the man thinks it is a good idea. (125 words)Task 4阅读标题：Life Stage of Animal Migration定义：In different life stages, some animal need to migrate to various places to live, because of the diet and safety. When they are young, they may safe and have enough food in the original place. However, if they grow older, the original place may have threads from the predators and the food may be insufficient.听力例子：Anglerfish lay eggs in deep sea. Then, the eggs will float to the surface of the sea, where the younger Anglerfish can enjoy enough food and sunlight. But when they grow older, they predator will be a great threat to them, so they will migrate to the deep sea. Sample Answer:Life Stage of Animal Migration means in different life stages, some animal need to migrate to various places to live because of the diet and safety. When they are young, they may safe and have enough food in the original place while they may migrate to other places when their lives are threatened by their predators. The professor takes anglerfish as an example. The anglerfish lay eggs in deep sea. Then the eggs will float to the surface of the sea where the younger anglerfish can enjoy enough food and sunlight. But when they grow older, their predator will be a great threat to them, which means the original place which means that the food may be insufficient for them to live on. As a result, they will migrate to the deep sea to survive. (135 words)Task 5问题：The girl moved to a new apartment, and the window glass was broken when her friend help her hanging a picture to the wall. They need to replace the glass, but it is expensive.解决方案1：Her friend and she share the cost of window glass.优点1：it is not much money if they share the cost. Only 50 dollar each.缺点1：Her friend came to help her and does not break it purposely. She feels it’s unfair for her friend.解决方案2：She will cover the whole cost.优点2：it will be fair for her friend and she will feel better.缺点2：100 dollar is expensive for her.Sample Answer:The woman’s problem is that she just moved to a new apartment, but the window glass was broken when her friend help her hanging a picture on the wall. They need to replace the glass, but it is quite expensive. There are two solutions, the first is that she and her friend could split the cost of window glass which is only 50 dollar for each person but she fe els it’s unfair for her friend. The other solution is that she will cover the whole cost but 100 dollar is expensive to her. I prefer she take the second solution for sure. For one thing, her friend didn’t break the window purposely and it was a great favo r that the friend helped her. Moreover, money is not a big problem comparing with her friend’s kindness and maybe she could do some part-time job to make the money back which is not that difficult. (153 words)Task 6话题：Business Networks要点1：We are in a business network. Different people engage in various occupations. They have different knowledge and skills.例子1：A woman running a restaurant may have friends or customers engaged in various occupations. When she needs an accountant, she will find one from her business network. She will trust more on the accountant whom she knew than those she does not know.要点2： In a business network, we not only trust the people from our own networks, we also trust the persons who are recommended by the people we knew.例子2： The women will introduce one of her friends to another, who may need the professional help but does not know a person in his/her own network.Sample Answer:In the lecture, the professor mainly talks about two aspects of business networks. The first point is people may have different knowledge and skills from business networks because they engage in various occupations. For example, a woman running a restaurantmay have friends or customers engaged in various occupations. When she needs an accountant, she will find one from her business network. She will trust more on the accountant whom she knew than those she does not know. The second point is that in a business network, we not only trust the people from our own networks, we also trust the persons who are recommended by the people we knew. Also take the woman as an example, she will introduce one of her friends to another, who may need the professional help but does not know a person in his/her own network. (142 words)2017年01月14日托福口语考题回忆Task 1You will need to accomplish an assignment to do a presentation. Which will you choose?1. Act out a scene from a play(with a partner)2. Explain your review of a novel you recently you read3. Read a selection of poemSample Answer:Among the three presentation choices, I would choose to act out a play with my partner. As a literature major, I have been deeply entranced by dramas, accordingly, I'd rather consider acting as a form of amusement than regarding it as a job. To illustrate, I remember the first year in college, I made a rather unusual decision to deliver a performance on Shakespeare's Drama-Hamlet at New Year’s party instead of participating in student’s choir in singing. As a result, the decision paid off since I was granted an acting position at city's drama club, as a reward for my authentic and impressive performance. Ever since then, acting has become part of my daily ritual for my passion and adoration for it never dies out. (125 words)Task 2Someone choose to work in a small company or organization with a few workers. Others prefer to work in a large company or organization with thousands of employees. Which do you think is better?Sample Answer:I am in favor of working in a large corporation rather than a small firm because large corporations often are ruled and governed by stable regulations whereas small firm often undergoes management transformations in which causing employees time to adjust and adapt to the new leaderships. Take my brother Jim as an illustration, he used to work as a high-tech personal in a petite firm which was specializing in virtual reality technology. Initially he was so passionate about the job that he barely took any weekends off for his own pleasure, he was so determined that he'd be promoted with such exceptional skills and professionalism. But he was wrong, after a few years, he was spiritually and psychically worn out because the management seats were constantly going through changes and his promotions were never brought up on the agenda because the new supervisors always bring their own personals to take charge in company affairs. Consequently, Jim had no choice but to quit the old firm and join an elite corporation that has business dealings nationwide, his excellent work has soon to be spotted by the management and he was granted promotion in a short term. Therefore, I'm inclined to listen to my brother Jim and work in a large company with stable leadership. (213 words) Task 3阅读标题：Weekend Art Workshop原因1：This will provide students whose majors are not art a relaxed environment to learn art without concerning about grade.原因2：This will give art-majored students more opportunities to practice.听力态度：不同意原因一：学习目前已经有艺术类选修课程，是不评分的。
托福口语：TPO17口语Task2参考答案
托福口语：TPO17口语Task2参考答案TPO17口语Task2题目：State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons using specific detailsin your explanation. Students should not be allowed to bring cell phones or mobile phones into the classroom.TPO17口语Task2参考答案(范文模板)：I agree that students should not be allowed to bring cell phones into the classroom because first of all, they are very distracting to a learning environment. Many times, I’ve been in class and someone will have their cell phone ringing in their book-bag because they forgot to put it on silent, or, they have it on silent but it vibrates so loudly that you can still hear it.Second of all, it’s really easy to become distracted by other things on your phone. When I was a teacher in high school, I always saw so many students not paying attention to the lecture and just playing games on their cell phone instead. Then they would act surprised when they didn’t get a good grade. As if they didn’t know why!That’s why I agree that students should not be allowed to bring cell phones into the classroom.。
托福TPO17口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
托福TPO17口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO17口语T ask4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO17口语Task4阅读文本：RitualizationSocialbiologists believe that some communicative behavior in animals is developed through a process called ritualization. In this process, the purpose of a given behavior changes over time—a behavior that originally had a practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. For example, a certain movement or physical feature might evolve to serve as a signal or warning that other animals will understand. Once a behavior is ritualized, it becomes a form of communication; therefore, if an animal engages in this behavior, other animals will be able to interpret the meaning o the behavior quickly and respond appropriately.托福TPO17口语Task4听力文本：Listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a zoology class.(man) Let's start with an example you may be familiar with. What's one thing dogs typically do when they feel threatened? They want to protect themselves. That's right, they show their teeth. And when we see this, we know this behavior means basicallyThis scenario, repeated time after time also led to the dog's awareness that simply showing its teeth, a lot of the time that was protection enough. What had been a simple preparation to bite had developed into a kind of defense mechanism in and of itself. The dog learned that it did not need to actually attack; but could get the right result by communicating the possibility of attack through showing its teeth. It started to use this behavioras a warning signal.托福TPO17口语Task4题目：Explain the concept of rituatization using the example of dogs discussed by the professor.托福TPO17口语Task4满分范文：The lecture mainly talks about ritualization, a process by which a practical behavior in animals develops into a communicative one. The professor uses the example of dogs showing their teeth to explain it. Originally, dogs showed their teeth before they were going to bite to avoid biting their own lips. Then other animals learned that dogs always showed their teeth before they bit, so they began to read it as a warning signal and they would stay away the dogs after they saw this. As this happened again and again, the dog realized that it didn't have to bite to protect itself, andshowing teeth is enough to keep other animals away, so they began to use it as a warning signal. This is how the dog showing its teeth has been ritualized. (132 words)以上是给大家整理的托福TPO17口语T ask4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
新托福TPO口语参考答案——TPO17
1. Talk about a special opportunity that was given to you. Explain why the opportunity was important.I was given an opportunity to study in the US one summer. This opportunity is very important to me for several reasons. Firstly, it was the first time I went abroad. I had imagined going abroad ever since I was a little kid. I never got a chance until that day I received a call from an administrator in my college telling me that I was granted the opportunity to study abroad for the summer vacation. Secondly, I learned and experienced a lot from this opportunity. In this exchange program, I was assigned a partner who was also a college student in the US. He introduced me to his family, took me out to valley faire and instructed me how to use Linux in the computer lab.2. State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons, using specific details in your explanation.Students should not be allowed to bring cell phones (mobile phones) into the classroom.I totally don’t agree with this statement that students shouldn’t be allowed to bring cell phones into the classroom. One important purpose of cell-phone is that we can reach anyone at any time anywhere. If students’ parents need to inform them of some important things and students don’t have mobile phones with them, parents will have to come to the classroom or call others to reach the kids. This sounds pretty inconvenient in a modern age. On the other hand, simply bringing cell-phones into classroom won’t disturb other students or interrupt the class. Students just need to turn their sound off and make the signal to vibration. And if they receive some urgent phone-calls, they can go out to reply.3. The man expresses his opinion about the upcoming change. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.The library is going to change big, multiperson study tables into personal study cubicles in order to eliminate noise in the library and accommodate more students attending the university. The man in the conversation thinks the university is making a mistake. As for the first purpose to reduce distraction, the man says if there is no multiperson tables in the library, therewill be no place to get together to do group projects. He thinks instead of changing tables, the university should build meeting rooms to reduce the noise in the main library hall. As for the second purpose to accommodate more students, the mans says the library has no problem with over crowding. He sees empty tables all the time and the woman always takes a whole table for herself. The man thinks it’ll be a waste of money to build the cubicles since the library now is sufficiently big to hold more students.4. Explain the concept of ritualization using the example of dogs discussed by the professor.Ritualization is a process in which an animal’s behavior that originally serves a practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. The professor use dog’s baring teeth as an example to explain the concept. If dogs feel threatened, they show their teeth, meaning stay away. Before this dog’s behavior become a recognizable warning, its original purpose is to avoid biting its own lips. When dogs sense danger, they bite and instinctively bare teeth to avoid biting their own lips. But other animals over time notice the teeth baring behavior always came before a dog’s going to bite. So they started to read itas a signal to be careful. After this scenario repeated time after time, dogs themselves start to be aware that simply baring teeth is enough to protect themselves. So they use this behavior as a warning signal to communicate the possibility to attack rather than actually attack.5. The speakers discusses two possible solutions to the man's problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.The man just got his first draft of paper from the professor and he has to review all the comments and write a final draft. But there is only one day left. The woman offers him two possible suggestions. The first suggestion is to ask the professor for a deadline extension. Since all the other students got their paper a few days ago and only the man got his paper just now, the professor should take some responsibility for this situation. But the man doesn’t want to seem pushy and offensive. The second possible solution is to do his best with the time left. He can finish the paper quickly and work hard. Since he is a pretty good student, he can get a pretty good grade. But there are too manycomments to deal with. If I were the man, I would choose the first solution. Since this is the professor’s fault, even if it’ll be a little uncomfortable asking the extension, it’s still reasonable to do so. There is no need to worry about being offensive. The man just need to tell the problem to the professor in the first place. I’m sure the professor will understand.6. Using points and examples from the talk, explain the concept of diffusion.Diffusion is a culture process whereby one group or society adopts another’s item such as a custom, a type of food or an invention. Take the modern newspaper in the US as an example, the characters on the page came from another culture many centuries ago, the printing of words was invented in Germany and paper in China. These innovations were shared across cultures over a long distance and over a long periods of time. Besides, diffusion is sometimes selective. For example, people in the US accept the practice of acupuncture, but few of them fully understand it. Because cultures tend to resist ideas that are too different from their own beliefs and values. If ideas are close to their own, they will incorporate,medicine.。
托福听力TPO17原文Conversation1
托福听力TPO17原文Conversation1托福听力TPO17原文Conversation1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO17原文中Conversation1的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO17Conversation1Professor：OK,let’s see.Right,Modern Stagings of a Shakespearian Classic.Well,like I told you last week,I think that’s a great topic for you paper.So the title would be something like...uh...Student：I am not really sure,probably something like20th century stagings of A Midsummer Night’s Dream.Professor：Yes,I like that.Straightforward and to the point.So how is the research going?Student：Well,that’s what I came to talk to you about.I was wondering if you happen to have a copy of the Peter Brook production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream in your video collection.I’ve been looking for it everywhere and I am having a really hard time tracking it down.Professor：That’s because it doesn’t exist.Student：You mean in your collection?Or at all?Professor：I mean at all.That particular production was never filmed or recorded.Student：Oh no.I had no idea.From what I read,that production,like,it influenced every other production of the play that came after it.So I just assumed it had been filmed or videotaped.Professor：Oh,It definitely was a landmark production.Andit’s not like it ran for just a week,but either it was never filmed or if it was the film’s been lost.And it’s ironic because there’s even a film about the making of the production,but none of the production itself.Student：So now what do I do?If there is no video.Professor：Well,think about it.This is the most important20th century staging of A Midsummer Night’s Dream,right?Student：But how can I write about Brook’s interpretation of the play if I can’t see his production.Professor：Just because there’s no recording doesn’t mean you can’t figure out how it influenced other productions.Student：Yeah,I guess there’s enough material around,but it will be a challenge.Professor：True.But think about it,you are writing about dramatic arts,the theater,and that’s the nature of theater,isn’t it?Student：You mean because it is live,when the performance is finished...Professor：That’s it.Unless it’s filmed,it’s gone.But that doesn’t mean we can’t study it.And of course some students in this class are writing about productions in the 19th century,there are no videos of those.You know,one of the challenges for people who study theater is to find way of talking about something that’s really so transient,about something that,in a sense,doesn’t exist.《对话》教授：好吧，我们一起来谈谈吧!嗯，莎翁经典剧目的当代演出。
托福TPO听力：TPO-17 Lecture 2 环境科学
托福TPO听力：TPO-17 Lecture 2 环境科学There is a third movement the hypothesis covers called precession. Precession, basically is the change in the direction of earth's axis of rotation. It will take me a million years to explain even just the basics of this movement as precession is quite complex. And all thesedetails are way beyond our scope. What's important for you to understand is these three movements, well, they are cyclical, and they work together to form, to produce complex but regular variations in earth's climate, and lead to the growth or decline of glaciers. Now, when Milankovitch first proposed this theory in the 1920s, many of his colleagues were skeptical. Milankovitch didn't have any proof. Actually there wouldn't be any evidence to support his hypothesis until the 1970s, when oceanographers were able to drill deep into the seafloor and collect samples, samples which were then analyzed by geologists. And from these samples they were able to put together a history of ocean temperatures going back hundreds of thousands of years, and this showed that earth's climate had changed pretty much the way Milankovitch's hypothesis suggested it would. So this evidence was pretty strong support for the Milankovitch Hypothesis. And by the 1980s, most people accepted this theory.假说还包括了第三种名为“旋式推动”运动。
2017托福口语真题分析与范文
2.252017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why。
l A theater performance by the student actorsl A concert provided by professional musicianl A lecture from a professorSample Answer:Well, as a student， I will choose a theater performance by the student actors。
For one thing, this kind of activity will improve their cooperation skills. To be more specific， a theater performance includes the whole process of organizing, participating， and promoting an event. Whether the student director or the actor take the responsibility toachieve his/her duty, so this is a great opportunity for them to learn how to deal with other people。
Moreover, a performance could greatly inspire them to be more creative.I mean, in order to make a good show， students may have lots of difficulties to cope with， so they have to be flexible to face any emergency. As a result, they may come up with lots of new ideas to make it。
TPO17 写作
TPO 17 综合写作While the reading passage contends that the number of birds will necessarily decline, the lecturer maintains that the trend will by no means continue by casting doubt on the effect of expansion of human settlements, agriculture areas and chemicals usage the reading refers to.To start with, the lecturer disprove the idea that human settlement expansion will result in the decrease of bird s’ population. He challenges it by pointing out that urban areas, which may provide some special food, can also be very suitable for some birds to live in. As a result, despite declining in some types of birds, other kinds’population may be enlarged, which has been complained by residents in cities.Furthermore, the lecturer put forwards the hypothesis regarding the agricultural expansion. Contrary to the claim that agricultural area must increase for the growth of human population, the lecturer argues that in US, agriculture occupies less and less area, as some new crops have been invented to produce more food on the same area.Finally, it seems too specious to the lecturer that chemicals like pesticides will continue harm the birds. In fact, human beings have been aware of the problem and at the same time, environment-friendly pesticides and new type of crops which maybe no more attractive to insects will get popular and decrease the usage of traditional pesticide, thereby prevent birds from being harmed.独立写作At present, the fierce competition in the product markets enhance the significance of the advertisement. However, as is often reported by the mass media, a growing number of advertisements tend to make their products seem much better than they really are. Obviously, it is the profit that the advertisements could bring makes the advertisers to use such exaggerations.First and foremost, the principal purpose of advertisements is to attract as many consumers to purchase their products as possible. Therefore, advertisement is regarded as a efficient method to get public attention. More concentration on the products will probably be helpful to increase the product selling. Diverse methods are maneuvered in advertisements to make it a lure to the potential consumers, such as presenting attractive and eye-catching pictures of the product or inviting some stars to act as their representatives of the products, which could also achieve their goal to attract more consumers.Secondly, advertisers tend to cover the shortage of their products. For example, when we wandering in the mall to choose a cell phone for ourselves. Various advertisements surrounding us may just provide us the information about the advantages and merits of the products but omit their disadvantages. After purchasing the cell phone, we might find it may not be as perfect as the advertisements claim. It is the advertisements that play an important role to persuade us into purchasing the certain type of the product. They cover their drawbacks to boost their sale.Admittedly, some advertisements stick to the principle to tell the consumers the true and actual information about their products. Advertisements have played a fairly important essential and crucial part in our life, they bring numerous convenience and make our lives easier. But the trend to make advertisements with exaggeration is gain its popularity. We should be aware of the seriousness that increasing number of advertisements are losing their credit.。
TPO 17口语满分答案示范
1.I would like to talk about the first time I was given the chance to write areport. Last week, I went out with my teacher to do an exclusive interview with the chief editor of Global Times. After the interview, my teacher asked me to writer a report. I was thrilled and happy at the moment, because I think that means the teacher trust in me, thinks I am to some extend qualified as a journalist. I spend two days listening to the recording, translating them into words. I started writing in the morning and I just can’t seem to stop. I worked it out in just a day. I gained the pleasure of writing, I learned a lot from the editor, and most importantly, I am more convinced that I want to be a real journalist.2.I do agree that students should not be allowed to bring cell phones into theclassroom. First, it will distract the student who is using it from focusing on the class. For example, when a message comes in, one will often check it out, and if it is someone who adores him/her, then more often than not, she/he will not hesitate to reply because it’s hard to resist, right. But the fact is that this is not something urgent, or demands timely reaction. But the class is, once you slipped your mind through the class, then it’s slipped through forever. So it’s better not to take cell phones into the classroom.I think students should have the freedom to bring their cell phones into theclassroom. Sometimes the class may be boring, and the students are hard to concentrate. If he or she was forced to listen, it’s very likely that he or she will fall to sleep and gradually loathe the class and the teacher. But if he or she is allowed to temporarily shifting his or her attention away from the class, say, take a break in browsing a joke in twitter, then he might get refreshed and will be able to concentrate again.3.Obviously, the man is not a fan of the change in the school library. He thinksthat replacing tables is sort of ridiculous. This is primarily because need tables for group discussions. Replacing the tables by cubicles will deprive student s’ place for discussions. So, instead of building cubicles, the university should build more meeting rooms. The other thing he argues is that the library is actually pretty efficient for the amount of students in campus. He thinks that students can always get their seat at the library, so building cubicles to create more seats is kind of wasting of money.4.Ritualization is a process where the purpose of an original behavior developsinto one that communicates a specific message. To use the dog as an example.The dogs sensing danger will get ready to bite, and a physical preparation is showing its teeth, to prevent hurting its own lips when biting into an other animal. Over time, the animals learned that the dogs will always show its teeth before it bites, so this preparation has become a message that the dog is going to bite. The dog has also learned that they can simply show their teeth to scare the other animal away, the physical preparation has thus developed into a defense mechanism.5.The man’s problem is that he has not received his paper from his professoruntil one day before the deadline, which means he has got very limited time to revise his paper and write the final draft. And there are two possible ways out. One is to ask for a deadline extension, and the other is to work really hard to get everything done. If I were the man, I would definitely ask the professor for a deadline extension. For one thing, I don’t thinks it’s being pushy on the professor, because most students got their paper days ago. For another, as a student who wants to get good grade, its always better to have more time to think and revise, and keep a relentless pursuit for perfection. 6.Well, diffusion, specifically the diffusion of cultures happens when culturalspread from one to another. The diffusion could be custom, food or invention and so on. The realization of cultural diffusion is made possible through military conquest, tourism and satellite TV shows. For example, the modern magazines and newspapers are the product of cultural diffusion. The letters printed on them are borrowed from another culture, the printing technique is introduced from Germany and the paper is invented by the Chinese. Things shared overtime though a long distance made the newspaper possible. But the diffusion of culture takes places most often when the idea of one culture is similar to that of another. An example is the acupuncture, it is invented in China, but is accepted in the U.S. as a way to cure disease and relieve pain. The philosophy of acupuncture, however, is violently different from the idea of western medicine, so, it is not absorbed in their conduct.。
2019年TPO17托福口语Task3原文及参考答案
2019年TPO17托福口语Task3原文及参考答案TPO17口语Task3题目：PassageNew Library WorkspacesSay good-bye to the big, multi person study tables in Turner library. This summer, the tables will be exchanged for new personal study cubicles—small, one-person desks enclosed by walls. These new units will allow students to have privacy and work in isolation and will therefore eliminate noise in the library so students can concentrate. Additionally, the cubicles will enable the library to accommodate the recent increase in the number of students attending our university. Although the current tables seat six students each, they make poor use of available floor space. The cubicles, on the other hand, are designed for maximum space efficiency, and the library can therefore add 50 new seats.ConversationNow listen to two students discussing the announcement.Man：They’re making a mistake.Woman： What do you mean?Man：Look, They’re trying to do away with distractions so that we can study better. But with this change, we won’t have anywhere in the library to get together to work on group projects.Woman： True. Group project work is common these days.Man： So, instead of buying these new units. They should use the money to build meeting rooms, and that would reduce any noise in the main library areas.Woman：Yeah, that’s what we could really use. There’s just not as much need to work in isolation.Man：Exactly. And the other thing is, what’s this about overcrowding? Well, sure we have more students enrolled in the university this year, but do we really have a problem with overcrowding?Woman：I don’t think so. I always get a whole table to myself.Man： Right. I see empty tables there all the time.It’ll just be a waste of money to replace what we have. Since what we have now is sufficient for the amount of students that use the library.QuestionThe man expresses his opinion about the upcoming change. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Key Points1. concentrate2. more studentsTPO17口语Task3参考答案(范文模板)：The man doesn’t agree with the schoo ls plan to replace all the study tables with cubicles in the library. According。
tpo17独立写作范文
tpo17独立写作范文TPO17 Independent Writing Sample。
In today's society, the issue of whether students should be required to wear uniforms to school has been a topic of hot debate. Some people believe that uniforms can promote a sense of equality and discipline, while others argue that they restrict students' freedom of expression. In my opinion, I believe that school uniforms should be mandatory for all students.First and foremost, school uniforms can help to create a sense of equality among students. When everyone is dressed in the same attire, it eliminates the pressure to wear expensive or fashionable clothes. This can help to reduce the socioeconomic disparities that may exist among students. Additionally, uniforms can also help to reduce the prevalence of bullying and teasing based on clothing choices, as everyone is dressed in the same way.Furthermore, school uniforms can promote a sense of discipline and focus among students. When students are dressed in a uniform, it creates a sense of belonging to a larger community. This can help to foster a more serious and studious atmosphere within the school environment. In addition, uniforms can also help to minimize distractions, as students are not focused on their appearance or comparing their outfits with others.Moreover, school uniforms can help to improve the overall safety and security of the school. With uniforms, it is easier for school staff to identify intruders or individuals who do not belong on campus. This can help to create a safer learning environment for all students. Additionally, uniforms can also help to reduce the risk of gang-related activities and conflicts, as it is more difficult for students to display gang colors or symbols.In conclusion, I firmly believe that school uniforms should be mandatory for all students. Not only do they promote a sense of equality and discipline, but they also contribute to a safer and more focused learning environment. By implementing schooluniforms, schools can help to create a more inclusive and secure environment for all students.。
托福范文及赏析-TPO17独立写作-智课网
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO独立写作TPO17Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.题目翻译大多数广告让产品看上去比实际要好。
审题关键词Advertisements论证分析正: An essential reason concerns the nature of advertising – advertisers, in most cases, would only make products seem better than they really are, not the other way around.正：But the norm that a “good” product is advertised as a “better” one is often challenged or even reversed – that is, unscrupulous businessmen make use of advertising to sell inferior products, which raises a moral question.正：However, the notion that “advertisement always make us disappointed” sometimes results from consumers' unrealistic expectation of products.范文With the development of public media, more and more advertisements appear on television programs, newspapers or magazines. Advertisements exert great influences on people when we think of buying something. As for me, I strongly agree that most advertisements make the products seem much better than what they really are because of the initial aim of advertising, the artistry and celebrity effects of advertisements.In the first place, advertisements are used to persuade people to buy more products, and most of them only publicize the advantages of the products and ignore the disadvantages. Last summer, my mother watched a piece of amazing advert on television. In the advertisement, a man squeezed juice, made ice cream, and even minced meat with this machine. She bought the machine without any hesitation. To her disappointment, the processor broke down only after a couple of days. My mother had to pay extra money to change the cutter head. She regretted why she bought the product only because of the advertisement even without giving any consideration to the quality and after service.Another example is the experience of my brother who works in a big advertising company. He told me that every time they got a new case, they learnt both the advantages and disadvantages from the manufactures. However, what they only needed to do was concentrate on the good qualities which they called “selling points”. Therefore, advertising is not about showing you a product; it is about showcasing a product to make it viable as a commercial product.In addition, advertisement, as a form of art, contributes to the better artistic effects as a development in this field. Advertisements nowadays are totally different. Creative ideas from talented advertising designers and amazing pictures produced by high technologies attract people’s eyes and successfully encourage people to buy products. It reminds me of a recent P&G shampoo advertisement. It shows a cocoon that slowly unravels into a beautiful young woman with butterfly wings. Her long, flyaway hair together with the delicate scene makes her look like an angel.Finally, the celebrity effect in the advertisement also makes products seem better than what they really are. All too often we observe people buy something merely because their favorite singers or movie stars endorse them. Moreover, that the beautiful or handsome look of the stars and their special social status enhances the quality and taste of the products, thus making products seem better than what they really are.To sum up, advertisements are made to encourage people buy the products no matter what the products are really like in reality. The fancy artistic effects and the appeal of celebrities are also of great help. Therefore, most advertisements make the products seem better than what they really are.满分要素剖析语言表达本文长短句结合，短句为主，很好地控制了文章的节奏，让读者读来不觉得很累。
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小编下面给考生们带来了托福TPO17口语文本，希望大家有针对性的有计划的规划备考。
托福口语TPO 17
Task1
Talk about a special opportunity that was given to you. Explain why the opportunity was important.
Task2
State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then
explain your reasons, using specific details in your explanation. Students should not be allowed to bring cell phones into the classroom.
Task3
New Library Workspaces
Say good-bye to the big, multi person study tables in Turner Library. This summer, the tables will be exchanged for new personal study cubicles---small, one-person desks enclosed by walls. These new units will allow students to have privacy and work in isolation and will therefore eliminate noise in the library so students can concentrate. Additionally, the cubicles will enable the library to accommodate the recent increase in the number of students attending our university. Although the current tables seat six students each, they make poor use of the available floor space. The cubicles, on the other hand, are designed for maximum space efficiency, and the library can therefore add 50 new
seats.
The man expresses her opinion about the upcoming change. State her opinion
and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
Task4
Ritualization
Sociobiologists believe that some communicative behavior in animals is
developed through a process called ritualization. In this process, the purpose of a give behavior changes over time---a behavior that originally had a
practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. For example, a certain movement or physical feature might evolve to serve as a signal or a warning that other animals will understand. Once a behavior is ritualized, it becomes a form of communication; therefore, if an animal engages in this behavior, other animals will be able to interpret the meaning of the behavior quickly and respond appropriately
Explain the concept of ritualization, using the example of dogs discussed
by the professor.
Task5
The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the man’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your recommendation.
Task6
Using the points and examples from the talk, explain the concept of
diffusion.
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