动物生理学第三章

第三章一、名词解释DA0103A01 cardiac output（心输出量）：每分钟由一侧心室射出的血量。

DA0103A02stroke volume（搏出量）：一次心搏由一侧心室射出的血量。

DA0103A03cardiac cycle（心动周期）：心脏从一次收缩的开始到下一次收缩开始前，称为一个心动周期。

DA0103A04systolic pressure（收缩压）：心脏收缩时，动脉内血压所达到的最高值。

DA0103A05 diastolic pressure（舒张压）：心脏舒张时，动脉内血压所达到的最低值。

DA0103A06pulse pressure（脉搏压）：收缩压和舒张压的差。

DA0103B01 latent pacemaker（潜在起搏点）：心肌自律细胞中除窦房结以外的自律组织。

DA0103B02normal pacemaker（正常起搏点）：窦房结是心脏正常节律的引起者，被称为正常起搏点。

DA0103B03cardiac reserve（心力储备）：心输出量随机体代谢需要而增加的能力。

DA0103C01isovolumic contraction phase（等容收缩期）：心室收缩时，由于房室瓣和主动脉瓣关闭，心室容积不变，室内压迅速升高，称为等容收缩期。

DA0103C02isovolumic relaxation phase（等容舒张期）：心室射血后舒张时，由于房室瓣和主动脉瓣关闭，心室容积不变，室内压迅速下降，称为等容舒张期。

DA0103C03 afterload（后负荷）心肌在收缩时才遇到的负荷，主要是动脉血压。

二、英翻中0203A01 CO 心输出量0203A02 ECG 心电图0203B01 DP 舒张压0203B02 MAP 平均动脉压0203C01 EF 射血分数三、单项选择题A01 All arteries in the body contain oxygen-rich blood with the exception of…………………………(b )(a) the aorta(b) the pulmonary artery(c) the renal artery(d) the coronary arteriesA02 The first heart sound is produced at…………( a )(a) the beginning of systole(b) the end of systole(c) the beginning of diastole(d) the end of diastole A03The QRS wave of an ECG is produced by………………………………(c )(a) depolarization of the atria(b) repolarization of the atria(c) depolarization of the ventricles(d) repolarization of the ventriclesA04 The cells that normally have the fastest rate spontaneous diastolic depolarization are located in……(a )(a) the S-A node(b) the A-V node(c) the bundle of His(d) the Purkinje fibersA05 The greatest resistance to flow occurs in…( c )(a) the large arteries(b) the medium-sized arteries(c) the arterioles(d) the capillariesA06 Which of the following is the major way of substance exchange in the microcirculation? …………( c )(a) endocytosis and exocytosis(b) filtration and reabsorption(c) diffusion(d) active transport of ionsA07 If the sympathetic activity increases, the heart beat will become………( a )(a) faster and stronger(b) slower and wicker(c) no change(d) slower and strongerA08 Which of the following structure has the lowest autorhythmicity?………( a )(a) ventricular muscle(b) SAN(c) AVN(d) Purkinje’s fiberA09 Which of the following blood vessels possess valves that prevent blood from flowing backward?……( d)(a) arteries(b) arterioles(c) capillaries(d) veinsB01 Which of the following statements is FALSE? …( c )(a) Most of the total blood volume is contained in vein(b) Capillaries have greater total surface area than any other type of vessel(c) Exchanges between blood and tissue fluid occur across the walls of venules (d) Small arteries and arterioles present great resistance to blood flow B02 Which of the following statements is TRUE? ……………( d )(a) The heart can produce a graded contraction(b) The heart can produce a sustained contraction(c) The action potentials produced at eachcardiac cycle normallytravel around the heart incircus rhythms(d) All of the myocardial cells in theventricles are normally in arefractory period at the sametimeB03 Which of the following pressure is relating to the elasticity of arteries?…(c)(a) diastolic pressure(b) systolic pressure(c) pulse pressure(d) mean aeterial pressureB04 SAN does NOT have………( d )(a) excitability(b) autorhymiticity(c) conductivity(d) contractilityB05 The main function of throughfare channel in microcirculation is ( b)(a) substance exchange(b) making blood return to heart(c) increasing blood flow in the skin to loss heat(d) regulating the capillaries pressureB06 The physiological significance of depressor reflex is …( b )(a) increasing arterial pressure(b) decreasing arterial pressure(c) maintaining arterial pressure constant(d) alleviating the burden of the heartB07 The cholinergic receptor in the membrane of cardiac cell is……………( a )(a) M receptor(b) N1 receptor(c) α receptor(d) N2 receptorB08 Which of the following stimuli is the adequate stimulus to central chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata?…… ( c)(a) change of P CO2in blood(b) change of P O2in blood(c) change of [H+] in cerebrospinal fluid(d) change of [H+] in bloodC01 Ventricular pressure increases the most quickly in ……………………( a)(a) isovolumetric contraction(b) ventricular ejection(c) ventricular filling(d) isovolumetric relaxationC02 Which of the following will occur when the strength of cardiac muscle contraction increases?……………( a )(a) systolic pressure increasessignificantly(b) diastolic pressure icreasessignificantly(c) systolic pressure increases anddiastolic pressure decreases(d) both systolic and diastolic pressureincrease significantlyC03 The lowest arterial pressure occurs in ____in cardiac cycle……………( d )(a) ventricular ejection(b) isovolumetric contraction(c) isovolumetric relaxation(d) ventricular filling C04 The significance of atrial-ventricular conduction delay is………………( c ) (a) increasing the action potential of the ventricular muscle(b) extending the effective refractory of the cardiac muscle(c) making the atrium and ventricle contract at different time(d) increasing the strength of cardiac muscle contractionC05 In the absence of compensations, stroke volume will DECREASE when( d)(a) blood volume increases(b) venous return increases(c) contractility increases(d) arterial blood pressure increasesC06 If a vessel were to dilate to twice of its previous radius, and if pressure remained constant, blood flow through this vessel would…………( b )(a) increase by a factor of 16(b) increase by a factor of 4(c) increase by a factor 2(d) decrease by a factor 2C07 In isovolumetric contraction of ventricle……………………………(b ) (a) atrial pressure > ventricular pressure > aortic pressure(b) atrial pressure < ventricular pressure < aortic pressure(c) atrial pressure < ventricular pressure > aortic pressure(d) atrial pressure > ventricular pressure < aortic pressure四、填空题A01 Myocardial cells have following physiological properties: ( ), ( ), excitability, and contractibility.A02 The nerves that innervate heart include ( ) and ( ).A03 The formation of blood pressure is due to ( ), ( ), andperipheral resistance.A04 The pathways of microcirculation include ( ), ( ) and capillarybed.A05 During and immediately after an action potential of cardiac cell, the membrane is less excitable than it is at rest. This period of reduced excitability is called refractory period whichcan be divided into ( ), ( ), and hypernormal period.A06 The blood vessel can be classified into ( ), ( ), and capillary according to the structure and function.B01 Myocardial cells can produce an ( ) and a long ( ) whenthey are stimulated at diastolic period.B02 The second heart sound is caused mainly by ( ), which represents( ).B03 The main factors affect cardiac output are ( ) and ( ).B04 The factors affect production of interstitial fluid include ( ), ( ), lymphatic return, and the permeability of capillary.B05 Adrenergic receptor in myocardial cell is ( ) receptor, cholinergic receptoris ( ) receptor.B06 The rhythm derived from normal pacemaker is called ( ), whereas which derived from latent pacemaker is called ( ).B07 The action potential of autorhythmic cell can be divided into ( ),( ), and spotarization.C01 The effects of depressor reflex include ( ) heart rate, ( )peripheral resistance, and decreasing blood pressure.C02 If the concentration of Ca2+in extracellular fluid increase, the excitability of myocardial cell will (升高), contractability will (加强).C03 The factors affecting excitability of myocardial cell include (静息电位水平), (阈电位水平), and the status of sodium channel.C04 The events occur in phase 4 (spontaneous depolarization) of action potential of Purkinje’s cell include (进行性增强的内向Na离子流) and (逐渐衰减的外向K离子流).C05 The statuses of sodium channel include (备用), (激活), and inactivation.DA0403A01 自律性、传导性DA0403A02 交感、副交感DA0403A03 心脏的收缩、血液的充盈DA0403A04 直捷通路、动静脉短路DA0403A05 绝对不应期、相对不应期DA0403A06 动脉、静脉DA0403B01 期前收缩、代偿间歇DA0403B02 主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣关闭、心室舒张的开始DA0403B03 心率、搏出量DA0403B04 毛细血管血压、血浆胶体渗透压DA0403B05 β、MDA0403B06 窦性、异位DA0403B07 去极化、复极化DA0403C01 减慢、降低DA0403C02 、加强DA0403C03 、DA0403C04五、判断题A01 Purkinje’s cell belongs to autorhythmic cell in the heartA02 Heart rate is normally determined by the action potential frequency in the AV nodeA03 According to the Starling effect, stroke volume should increase if end-diastolic volume increasesA04 Blood flow through the systemic circuit is driven by contractions of the right ventricle A05 Isovolumetric contraction comes immediately after diastoleA06 Maximum aortic pressure during the cardiac cycle is called systolic pressureB01 Under normal condition, pressures in the left and right ventricles are equal systoleB02 The P wave of the ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarizationB03 The reason that there is no tetanus in cardiac muscle is the long effective refractory periodB04 An increases in total peripheral resistance tends to lower mean arterial pressureC01 A decrease in the radius of a blood vessel raises its resistanceC02 An increase in the hydrostatic pressure of blood in capillaries tends to increase the rate at which fluid is filtered across capillary wallsC03 The circulatory system consists of two divisions: the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit.DA0503A01 对DA0503A02 错DA0503A03 对DA0503A04 错DA0503A05 错DA0503A06 对DA0503B01 错DA0503B02 错DA0503B03 对DA0503B04 错DA0503C01 对DA0503C02 对DA0503C03 对六、简答题B01 简述组成心电图各波及其含义？B02 何谓淋巴回流？简述其生理意义？B03 简述组织液的生成及其影响因素。